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Four Domains of Earth I Four Spheres of Earth Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere

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Major domains of the earth is a basic concept in Geography. Solid (Lithosphere), gaseous (Atmosphere), liquid (Hydrosphere) and biosphere parts of the earth are not isolated, but they overlap with each other.
The Four Domains of the Earth
Lithosphere: The solid portion of the earth
Types of Landforms- • Different Types of Lan...
Atmosphere: The gaseous layers that surround the earth
Hydrosphere: Water covers a very big area of the earth’s surface and this area is called the Hydrosphere
Biosphere: It is the narrow zone where land, water and air together are found.
There are Two Main Divisions of the Earth’s Surface
Continents - the large landmasses.
The Highest Mountain Peak on this earth is Mount Everest. The current official elevation is 8,848 metres above sea level. The elevation was measured and established by an Indian survey conducted in 1955. The border between Nepal and China runs across its summit points.
Ocean basins - the huge water bodies.
Mariana Trench is the deepest Oceanic trench on Earth. The deepest portion is at 11,034 metres. Mariana Trench is located in the Pacific Ocean. Mariana Trench is 69 km in width and 2550 km in length. Mariana Trench derives its name from the nearby Mariana Islands which is located at around 200 km from the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.
Hydrosphere
Types of Water Bodies- • Different Types of wat...
The hydrosphere includes water on earth in Oceans, Seas, Rivers, Lakes and even in frozen forms.
Only 2.5% of Earths water is freshwater. And even in this 2.5%; approximately 69% is in the form of snow and ice.
97.5% of Earths water is salt water, which is unfit for human consumption.
Approximately 71% of the Earth surface is covered by oceans.
Atmosphere
The earth is surrounded by a layer of gas called the atmosphere.
The atmosphere extends up to a height of about 1,600 kilometres.
The atmosphere is divided into five layers based on composition, temperature and other properties and they are:
the troposphere
the stratosphere
the mesosphere
the thermosphere
the exosphere
About 99 per cent of clean and dry air in the atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen 78 per cent, oxygen 21 per cent and other gases like carbon dioxide, argon and others comprise 1 per cent by volume.
Biosphere - The Domain of Life
The biosphere is the narrow zone of contact between the land, water and air.
It is the zone where life exists that makes this planet unique.
The organisms in the biosphere are commonly divided into:
the plant kingdom
the animal kingdom
The three domains of the earth interact with each other and affect each other in some way or the other.
Geologist Eduard Suess coined the term “Biosphere” in 1875. The biosphere is the point where all the three domains, viz. land, water and air meet as well as interact with each other. The biosphere is a zone of contact between air, water as well as land.
It is in this zone that life, that is unique to Earth exists and flourishes. The biosphere is divided into two kingdoms, Plant kingdom, and the Animal kingdom. Deforestation and pollution are rapidly damaging the Biosphere.

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