Free radical reactions | Substitution and elimination reactions | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy

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Free radical reactions. Created by Sal Khan.
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Organic Chemistry on Khan Academy: Carbon can form covalent bonds with itself and other elements to create a mind-boggling array of structures. In organic chemistry, we will learn about the reactions chemists use to synthesize crazy carbon based structures, as well as the analytical methods to characterize them. We will also think about how those reactions are occurring on a molecular level with reaction mechanisms. Simply put, organic chemistry is like building with molecular Legos. Let's make some beautiful organic molecules!
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[@MrUnladenswallow]

i love how he says everything twice, like he knows i am easily distracted XD

[@OER888]

i wonder what this guy is up to nowadays.

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@@OER888 he's into... oh wait, he got distracted

[@أَحْسَنُ.الْحَدِيْثْ]

I love how casually you guys are chatting like frd😏😂😆

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@MrUnladenswallow definitely 😂

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How are u all.... Still alive ?

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make donations if you really wanna help them

[@babakhan3999]

Behnam Ghane is this your voice in above videos

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@@rezapahlaviisking .

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Baba Khan no

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I only liked ur comment bcuz u like GnR

[@roushangiri4722]

I personally think that Khan Academy is the best source of online learning. When I first encountered this youtube channel i thought for a second. wait "Would I be able to understand,possibility are there might be few terms which might be used in the video which might not be explained or talked about in my reference book" But trust me, it covers every single term and concept. I sometime wander whether he had read my course book or what lol

[@fareedahisah3959]

I also had the same problem to. Thank God n thank Khan Academy for making it easy for us.

[@awilson92392]

explained better than my professor!

[@robertsk6939]

Ok. I barely studied this entire semester, got 71, 42 and 50 on my 3 tests and 90 on my final. Thank you so much, I literally learned organic chem I in one night, and aced my final. I honestly just dont get it why cant the teachers be like you, you're so clear and your explanations are wonderful! Thanks again Sal :)

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How's life now? It's been 10 years 😄

[@hegresal-jubury8839]

@@kyonhihorahipadhaifr r u a scientist now a doctor what happened 😂

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@@hegresal-jubury8839 Yeah, we're curious 😸

[@AzeezShaikh21]

No reply unsuccessful 😂

[@Starpluslover]

why cant you teach at my uni!! you are the best seriously Ive been watching your videos since high school .

[@nephi121]

btw... 4 mins 55 secs (approx) in he says ''the carbon does the same'', i think he means chlorine

[@leenminr6553]

Not all Heroes wear caps

[@tomthumb7688]

Leen Minr capes

[@EastofVictoriaPark]

moops

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Idk any heroes that wear caps tbh

[@ulasionyebuchiwisdom6103]

So True

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some wear capes

[@mcatbs9]

You made me love chemistry. Thank you so much.

[@rajarshi1432]

Had to watch it twice..got distracted by my face staring back at me.🙃

[@al_ahad516]

🤣🤣

[@Thesparky4665]

Love how you repeat words :P Thanks man

[@aaminahhh_]

At first I was put off by the rough diagrams but you helped me understand this a lil more. Will surely be returning throughout my A-levels! :)

[@TheMrIndiankid]

1:42 "if it was upto me"................well dont worry sal its completely upto you....the future of chemistry is in ur hands :P

[@rishabhsinhaiitroorkee7965]

Respected sir , I am just mesmerised with your teaching .I am from India sir lots of love to you sir

[@mariaanna4271]

Explanation that even a dumb like me can understand! Thank you so much, and nice job!

[@03raq]

but a dumb like me don't even understand :´´(

[@abiskarghimire3207]

@@03raq lol

[@mintyhazelleaf]

I love how he repeats stuff! :)

[@nighttenjo]

Thank you so much for posting this! Now, I've finally understand what free radical reaction really is about..! =)) Keep up the good work! ^^

[@adelzahran3837]

this is one of the best educational channels out there .

[@Mardin-wl3kc]

Imagine making a video that is watchable even after 13 years

[@amirulashraf7590]

I love this guy. Seriously 😂😂. He can explain in simpler way than my chemistry lecturer.

[@youtuber-nx5en]

Thank you so much for this video!!! 😭😭❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️💕💕💕💕💕💕 You've helped me a lot!!!!! Love yaaa! ❤️💕💕💕💕💕

[@abdullahbukhari1469]

Love you Sal beautiful voice but most importantly you have the ability to teach concepts better than any other

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thank you so much, it makes so much more sense

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[@bonk_rl]

i hope youre a millionaire by now

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@@bonk_rl i failed my A levels LOL Dw just ask me again in 5 years and I’ll say yes

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@@STICKY_ that's the spirit!

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​@@STICKY_ i hope ur a billionare by now 😅...

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Thank you so much Mr Khan! After weeks of trying to understand this process it finally makes sense after watching your video. Thank you.

[@AyeshaFaqeer-jv2gr]

THANKS A BILLION!!!

[@marcialbonifacio3285]

Thank you for the clear presentation. very helpful

[@Calli755]

I got an A on my quiz because of this video!!

[@tgdhsuk3589]

when you realise even at alevel uk they dont go over basic uni notation... ie sn11/2 e1/2 i mean we are taugh it but not explicitly told what sn2 is etc or the differences

[@ipains]

Explained better than my Ph.D

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Thanks a lot it has really helped me

[@babakhan3999]

i have no words to thanks the great khan academy....

[@Natharti_sanatani]

Nice explanation sir!!!

[@kelvinsichinga3556]

You just have to love the voice of sal😅

[@sgtOOX]

many thanks khan, using your videos for a lot of my upper division classes now

[@basilammash]

Thanks Khan.

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thank you so much...i'm am goin to ace my first year finals...oh yeah....:D

[@ZAsym]

its been 8 yrs how did u do?

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@@ZAsym I don't need sleep, I need answers.

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@@kamaya9907 mine went well, I’m happy with my grade :D

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Gracias.

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superb.. thankss a lot i really gotr a lot of help

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thanks!!

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I wish you were my lecturer

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Thank you

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You should've seen my face when everything started making sense lol. Thanks for the amazing explanation

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thanks khan academy.............u helped me for my chem exam

[@sirdamian02]

Hey Khan, it would be cool if you could put up some videos about retrosynthesis(working backwards) and Lindlar's, NaH, NaNH2, Pd/C and all that jazz. That'd help me out a lot in my ochem class

[@jbsc6180]

During a UV free radical chlorination you say to use UV light. So just for fun I used the formula E=hf and figured out the charge in joules of a 400 nm UV light (6.626 X 10*-19 J) which is the WEAKEST UV wavelength and I found out it is more than enough joules for homolytic bond cleavage not only in the chlorine BUT ALSO in a Cl/C bond. I found the dissociation bond energies from charts on line. So let us say I have DCM and want to make tetrachloromethane. So if I use the weakest UV...…..400 nm then I have enough energy in the UV to not only break Cl/Cl bonds but also the Cl/C bonds that I want to make. THAT DOES NOT MAKE SENSE ?????????????????? Let us say I want to make benzyl chloride. 400 nm UV light is SLIGHTLY more joules needed to break a benzyl C/H bond (6.26 X 10*-19 J) and WAY MORE THAN ENOUGH to break a benzyl C/Cl bond. Do you see my point. As I make the product the UV light is enough energy to destroy what I make. So how does it work??????????????????? Also the UV light at 400 nm is enough to turn the whole pot of toluene into benzyl radicals that combine with each other as much as the chlorine.....it seems like that would not be good??????????????????????????? Also I looked up the energy needed to break a Cl/Cl bond (4 X 10*-19 J) and that corresponds to a light source of ABOUT 500 nm...……..WHICH IS GREEN VISABLE LIGHT. Although at this point I was really frustrated and started doing math in my head but it is close. So now I am really confused because that means you do not even need UV light to make Cl free radicals. SO is this true?????????? Can I make Cl free radicals with green visible light?????????? IF SO THEN WOULD IT NOT BE BETTER to use 450 nm blue visible light with NO UV light. That way the photons are slightly under the energy needed to break benzyl Cl/C bonds and benzyl C/H bonds and in the case of an ALKYL chloride blue light is not enough to break Cl/C bonds. BUT blue light is good enough to break Cl/Cl bonds so your product wont be destroyed as you make it by UV light. I thought I had a good understanding of free radical halogenation until I did the math. WHAT IS THE DEAL. HELP ME HELP ME HELP ME PLEASE

[@ayo3416]

I had lost my mind after reading this sir🤣😂

[@wickerrman5859]

thank you khan sir

[@seematyagi1060]

the overall reaction is CH4 + Cl2 > CH3Cl + HCl so if once through homolysis chlorine free radicals are formed after breaking the only Cl molecule..then where did another Chlorine molecule come from?

[@cutekitty145]

Thank you very much

[@papeehajha5146]

Man you're a genius teacher.

[@gretawilliams8799]

how to know which molecule forms bonds with which molecule. 11:26 . why chlorine formed bond with hydrogen only, why not other molecules??

[@studytime2403]

Thank you. You saved my life.

[@hibah6097]

may god bless u brother, like fr

[@rawrbowser]

Instructor non-verbal cues purssued im a punk. Glad this video! Diction is good for academic colab commnication.

[@peterluro9809]

Thanks for the help! Science Fair in a couple of days... So pumped!

[@ebo7604]

best teacher ever!

[@jesswakka6686]

bless Sal Khan's soul

[@tahseenshafiullah]

i like this video!

[@ahsanulhaquesahan7267]

Watching from Bangladesh

[@volcomg7]

wow! radical man.

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your explanations are great!

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THANK YOU SO SO MUCH! I WOULD FAIL SCHOOL WITHOUT KHAN ACADEMY

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These videos help me out soo much! Thanks @khanacademy and this man's voice! :D

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Godly explanation cheers!

[@JVictoria412]

Thank You so much!!

[@abhaysharma6523]

thank-you, lots of love

[@sudharsanpaskaran]

thanks sir .. u really gave me a proper understanding about the steps and radicals

[@eastwquach]

Thank you sal!

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the way of teaching is very good 👍

[@fareedahisah3959]

Thank you very much Khan Academy, you have really been a great help to me, very clear and easy to understand. Keep up the good work. :-)

[@fareedahisah3959]

+Heisenberg Edison what's your problem. u have issues big one at that

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shut up

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yes, u, world @#$%$!

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any prob? then keep it to ur butt

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+Heisenberg Edison dude, do u kno about the conditions of Pakistan which is an Islamic Republic? if we are Muslims, why would we be killing our own kin? These things hav to be thought about with a chilled mind.

[@arshisid47]

Like, i really love your videos and just the whole institution. Thank you.

[@malikumair4471]

Beautifully explained sir !!! Thank u

[@anushkasingh3050]

Why would the free radical of methane not react with the other free radical of chlorine?

[@ibrahimmuhamad8701]

thank for this vedio..

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Love khan academy...amazing !!!!

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You are the best😢😢😢😢😢😢😢

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THANK YOU MY BROTHER

[@Ramdogg69]

Great stuff man! The repeating is fine and actually helps. Keep doing what you do!

[@dayeongE]

excellent explanation !! Thanks a lot !!

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understood

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You help me a lot! I am ever so grateful : ) Keep it up, you're great!

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very useful thank u !! 😫😫❤️❤️

[@7D7N7A7]

Thanks a lot!

[@beyzee8516]

So with that logic, is it possible to form chloroETHANE as a chlorinated free radical methyl 'bump' with a free radical methyl group? Or even longer alkane chain (with regard to the level of concentration of course)?

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Great video!

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"straight up react" yeeaaa khan dawwg

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cheers khan academy, first time watching one of your videos and I am very impressed

[@bonbonpony]

So how much energy does it need, exactly, to break this Cl-Cl bond? What amount of heat? Or what intensity and wavelength of the UV light? And how do we know that?

[@thechelsdonkor]

thank you sooooooooooo much!

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720p looks amazing!

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You the man Khan. Never change #ATownBeBallin

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THANKS AGAIN......

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lol I am so subscribing!!! you are really good explaining! I get extremely lost in my chemistry class. Thank you so much!!

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Thanks so much I have never thought I would understand this reaction😊❤

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It saved my Chemistry exam!!!!!

[@fireycookies]

Still confused... gonna have this on repeat till I get it haha

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you got too many subs for someone with no content

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Do you get it now? It's been 5 years haha

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God bless you😭💜💜

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if we could have complete preperation of csir net chemistry on khan academy with question solving and theory ,it would be very very helpfull and very beneficial for us.

[@TheMiguepro]

thanks!

[@sugarlaura22]

Brilliant video, well explained, Thankyou! But it is very distracting when you repeat yourself