Рет қаралды 164,184
Proteins are responsible for various functions in the body of living organisms.
Enzymatic proteins
Function: Selective acceleration of chemical reactions
Example: Digestive enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of bonds in food molecules.
Storage proteins
Function: Storage of amino acids
Examples: Casein, the protein of milk, is the major source of amino
acids for baby mammals. Plants have storage proteins in their seeds.
Ovalbumin is the protein of egg white, used as an amino acid source
for the developing embryo.
Hormonal proteins
Function: Coordination of an organism‘s activities
Example: Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, causes other
tissues to take up glucose, thus regulating blood sugar concentration.
Contractile and motor proteins;
Function: Movement
Examples: Motor proteins are responsible for the undulations of cilia and flagella. Actin and myosin proteins are responsible for the contraction of muscles.
Defensive proteins;
Function: Protection against disease
Example: Antibodies inactivate and help destroy viruses and bacteria.
Transport proteins;
Function: Transport of substances
Examples: Hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein of vertebrate
blood, transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body.
Other proteins transport molecules across membranes.
Receptor proteins;
Function: Response of cell to chemical stimuli
Example: Receptors built into the membrane of a nerve cell detect
signaling molecules released by other nerve cells.
Structural proteins;
Function: Support
Examples: Keratin is the protein of hair, horns, feathers, and other skin
appendages. Insects and spiders use silk fibers to make their cocoons
and webs, respectively. Collagen and elastin proteins provide a fibrous framework in animal connective tissues.