Fundamental Concepts of Object Oriented Programming

This video reviews the fundamental concepts of Object Oriented Programming (OOP), namely:
Abstraction, which means to simplify reality and focus only on the data and processes that are relevant to the application being built; Encapsulation meaning that data and the programs that manipulate those data are bound together and their complexity is hidden. Encapsulation is often achieved by means of class libraries (dynamic link libraries, or DLLs); Inheritance which allows a class to derive its methods and properties from another class. Inheritance might be used to define an extensive hierarchy of super classes and subclasses; Polymorphism meaning different subclasses of the same superclass, which therefore share the same interface, can implement those interfaces in their own ways. Polymorphism is implemented when classes override the code of the methods they inherit. The video also reviews the relationship between objects, otherwise known as entities, and classes, which are the code used to create objects.
Chapters:
00:00 What is an object?
01:02 Abstraction
01:38 Objects from a class
03:43 Encapsulation
05:28 Inheritance
07:11 Polymorphism
08:18 Summary of OOP concepts

[@dariusz.9119]

"An employee of a business is also a person" - that's a bold statement right there

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

That's what I keep telling myself! :)KD

[@beltusbenz6911]

exactly ! very outlandish .

[@wisdomdavid8593]

😂😂

[@anointingdaniel216]

For real 🤣

[@renren_27]

🤣🤣🤯

[@sheikhebadulkarim2599]

The clearest and simplest explanation of OOP I've ever seen. Many thanks.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You're very welcome. Thank you :)KD

[@DailyWord3832]

Any one who has the OOSAD project?

[@notyournormaldev1419]

The clarity and simplicity is unparalleled.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Thank you :)KD

[@SithLord2066]

So you're saying it's serial? Since it's not parallel

[@notyournormaldev1419]

@@SithLord2066 lame.

[@SithLord2066]

@@notyournormaldev1419 I'll be here all week

[@laurastephenson5169]

I'm a university professor myself, and I have to say that is the most crystal clear, explanation I've ever seen for computer science concepts.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Delighted to help. Thank you :)KD

[@MatthewTipton2]

Absolutely brilliant. Simple, clear, concise. The whole concept in my mind started as a soft blur and sharpened to crystal clarity.

[@trevoro.9731]

A lot of BS actually, the author didn't pay attention to correct definitions. But useful to find out common misconceptions.

[@darianxd5508]

why is it BS?@@trevoro.9731

[@benediktkraas8576]

Probably the most useful 10 min of learning OOP so far. I never really understood those 4 principles and now they seem a) sorta easy (both to use and memorize) and b) I was already applying some of them without knowing. Amazing! Thank you kindly

[@NickHope]

This is excellent. Very clear and precise. I'm going to re-watch it a couple of times to really drive the concepts home.

[@deei5130]

This was a very clear and understandable video. Thanks for that man. This channel needs more attention

[@hunterjiang5894]

This video is the most helpful and concise one I 've ever seen so far among those about the fundamental terms and concepts. Thanks a lot!

[@reenalupadhayay4315]

Life saving explanation, better than having to sit through a 2 hour video to understand it. Brilliant!

[@alm5966]

Always good to get a refresher on what OOP is.

[@MisterRose90]

Wow. Someone who could explain inheritance in an intuitive way. It actually makes a lot of sense.

[@sandrakyoutube]

Remarkable. Remarkable simplicity, clarity, and conciseness. Transformed my vague understanding into clarity without overwhelming me. Thank you!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are most welcome. Thanks for the lovely comment :)KD

[@BrainConduit123]

I learned OOP from a video that Philippe Kahn made about the subject when Borland’s Turbo Pascal first introduced this new way of programming. It took awhile to understand and master the concepts, but after that, I absolutely loved it and it made large, complicated projects so much more manageable. The ability to start with a base class and do inheritance was extremely powerful. It literally enabled us to program our products in a fraction of the time and with fewer programmers than the old spaghetti code ways of coding.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

I agree. It's a great way to manage large projects. I worked for a number of years in software development (albeit as an educator) and OOP allowed hundreds of developers, in different parts of the world, with a range of skills, to work together effectively on very complex applications. :)KD

[@firepower01]

This is such a good channel for understanding computer science concepts, honestly just the best. Thank you!

[@michellemwangi3963]

The entire series is really really good! very well explained. Thanks a lot

[@achtube85]

This was a very clear and in-depth explanation. Thank you!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Thank you. Much appreciated :)KD

[@brandonwilcox3307]

Clear, concise, and informative. Thanks!

[@toolittletoolate3917]

OOP was THE hot topic when I was a developer. Took me a little study to understand its foundational concepts. I couldn’t understand why everyone seemed to think that it was THE way to create programs. Sanity eventually prevailed, as it usually does, and it certainly has its place, but if your design does not utilize inheritance and polymorphism, then use another language type. Don’t force a particular model into an OOP design just because your CompSci instructor loved Java.

[@SnakeEngine]

You can do (real) OOP in C, and do it better than in Java.

[@SosetaFurioasaJr]

I have finally found a concise, 1 line definition of polymorphism. Thank you very much, big thumbs up.

[@rubykanima]

better would be "A subclass can morph / change an inherited method"

[@freepboot412]

Will add to the pile of positive comments here and say this is the most concise, informative, and accessible video on the subject I've seen. great work

[@XploricPro]

Very nicely explained with real-time example. Loved it.

[@gianni499]

I'm very very impressed. I'm not a strict Java begineer, but I did need to find videos/resources to understand these OOP concepts better. I had watched already 5-10 sources, but yours is just the most clear. Concise, and clear. Very impressive. Thanks!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are very welcome and thank you :)KD

[@alakhdar100]

This is so clean and simple, yet informative, thank you so much, please keep uploading!

[@bootcamprag]

Great breakdown/explanation of the OOP concept. OOP is one of my favorite areas in computer science/programming applications. Its not as an intimidating as it sounds. Next: I would love to see a short video on the application of these four OOP constructs in terms of their application; write a simple program that demonstrates each of the four areas. Thanks.

[@andregrobler4393]

Very concise and accurate. Most helpful, thanks.

[@itorres008]

Amazingly succinct, clear and thorough!

[@MrFroggster]

Probably the best and easiest explanation. Thank you.

[@techwithtee8721]

Closest thing to understand Database management system

[@marktahu2932]

Wow - sometimes the algorithm really does turn up 'gems'. Many many thanks!! As a visual learner this 'gem' is invaluable.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You're very kind. Thanks for the comment. :)KD

[@onyemanwokolo441]

I keep coming back to this video. The OOP concepts are well explained in simplest and clearest way.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Delighted to help :)KD

[@jex4400]

This channel is actually phenomenal it needs to be more popular

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are very kind :)KD

[@dr.SaurabhSingh]

The clarity at its peak. 👌

[@ultraman6950]

Hats off, sir. Thanks a lot for making this well-documented video about OOP.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are very welcome :)KD

[@darianasedkina6340]

This is a new concept fo me and I've watched about a dozen of videos but should have started with this one. The clarity and simplicity of the explanation are unmatched. Thank you!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are most welcome, and thank you :)KD

[@RVlDER]

Finally a concise and clear explanation about these fundamentals. The amount of interchangeable terms (that still have different meaning(s) under certain context's) is ridiculous - and near impossible to find a video/documentation that explains them without convolution.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

I'm a great believer in keeping things as simple as possible. Delighted to help. :)KD

[@deckybadbuzz]

amazing summary of concepts. very well done!

[@manishmalhan9768]

Such Brevity and Clarity !!

[@lehcyllehc]

Thank you for this clear and simple explanation. Appreciate the graphics and effort, because of this I subscribed to your channel. More power to your KZbin channel. :)

[@TonyTigerTonyTiger]

The part on inheritance has some potential theoretical issues, but it is after all just an introduction. Generally speaking, inheritance should be used to model "is a special kind of" relationship, and should not be used to model as "is a role played by a" relationship. An employee is not a special type of person, it is a role played by a person. Same goes for Customer: that is not a special type of person, it is a role played by a person. For example, Alice could be an Employee of Walmart, but she could also shop there so could also be a Customer of Walmart. So if you are creating an object for Alice, would you create an instance of Employee or Customer? On the other hand, a dog "is a special kind of" animal, not a role played by an animal; and a fish "is a special kind of animal", not a role played by an animal. A dog cannot simultaneously be a fish, nor can a dog quit being a dog and become a fish; and a fish cannot simultaneously be a dog, nor can a fish quite being a fish and become a dog. So here inheritance does not suffer from the above problem. If you have a pet dog named Wolfy or Max, there is no ambiguity in what class you would use to create an instance for your pet: it would be a dog.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

I see what you mean. However, the context of the system you are designing is important. If for example I was building a payroll system, and Alice was an employee, it is probably neither here nor there if she is also a customer (staff discounts excepted). :)KD

[@switkaren]

wow! what a delivery! 👏👏👏 The contents are no less laudable. Thank you so much.

[@ethandoll]

Simple and fantastic explanation. Thank you.

[@MichaelChin1994]

5:51 "An Employee is *also* a person" The way this is said with such a straight face, I thought it was a set up for a joke, like: "An Employee is *also* a person, unless they work at a Law-Firm."

[@Jack-xn5do]

Studying for my CISSP and this helped me soo much! Thank you!

[@jackmiller2518]

that was bloody fanatic mate cheers for that

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You're welcome :)KD

[@jennyheang4550]

Thank you for sharing us with such a valuable information!

[@brayanrc4432]

The clearest and simplest explanation of OOP. Thanks!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You're welcome :)KD

[@marcuss8454]

And just like that, I subscribed to this channel for such a great explanation.

[@sargata3054]

This is such a clear and concise explanation. Thank you from a beginner dabbler in programming!

[@shivohamjagat]

One of the coolest videos I have ever watched

[@lucasvtiradentes]

the best video about his subject!

[@samuelclear5322]

Thanks for the great review material!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You're welcome :)KD

[@shreyashkumarthakur383]

Best video I have seen till now. Attained full conceptual clarity

[@hadiali5249]

very clear, concise , precise and comprehensive video on OOP. thank you for the effort!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are very welcome - and thank you :)KD

[@strider5245]

If you sped up this video, then you are not worthy of the uploaders precious time. Thank you for the top notch explanation

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Thank you :)KD

[@getTheSchmack]

Big W. You sir, are brilliant. Just look at how many people are heaping praise and all well-deserved. Thank you!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are very kind. Thank you. :)KD

[@cd-stephen]

this has been the best video i have ever seen - great analogies and loved how you included all the different terms used to describe the same thing - new sub

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Thank you :)KD

[@NormaNsNs]

wow I ve been searching for this video the whole day !!! perfectly explained !

[@taniatech_official]

Simple and straight forward. Thanks a lot!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You're welcome, and thank you :)KD

[@ivangutowski-smith6514]

Thank you, I have watched this video about 5 times over the last week, every time... I grasp the concept you are talking about a little more, and then understand another smaller detail you mention. I really, really like that whilst explaining, you animate very clear, sensible, logical examples as you go, so I can see what you mean as you are explaining it. I still need to watch it many more times fully, but it is clever, logical, makes sense and is super interesting. Thank you for taking all the time to put this together.. your time a few years ago, has helped nearly half a million people... or if like me.. helped 100k people 5x. ha ha

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are very welcome, and thank you :)KD

[@cherrynoize]

It's been said, I know, but you're a really great instructor. Hope (for others) that you do this for a living.

[@densmac]

10/10 in explaining OOP concepts.

[@AdrianTregoning]

SUCH a good video! Thank you. I wonder why it took me so long to find this channel.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Thank you so much :)KD

[@AndrewSinclair]

Thanks.This is the best OO explanation ever.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You're very welcome. And thank you so much :)KD

[@MrDuzen12]

This video needs more views! Great explanation of OOP.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Thank you :)KD

[@haroldsu]

crystal clear,and thank you

[@cspalfi]

Fantastic explanation extremely on point. Thanks

[@a-60harshalmaheshram30]

This video cleared my most of the doubt , very great and deep explanation.

[@opethforlife]

One of the few golden channels on KZbin.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You're very kind. Thanks :)KD

[@alekseevegor5357]

I have spent several weeks trying to understand the professor till I found this 9 min video. Now I feel like I've been to the moon an back.

[@lepidoptera9337]

You haven't been to the moon, yet. If you should ever try OOP in reality you will be disappointed though. It does not do any of the things it promises well. The problem lies in the fact that data dependencies in real world applications have a graph structure (a tree, if you are lucky). OOP is not very good at taking care of that and if you try to use inheritance, in particular, then you will find that you are hard-coding assumptions about that data dependency that may change during the evolution of your project, which will make frequent refactoring necessary. There are better ways of dealing with that problem. Try to learn to think about programs as state machines with as few distinct states as possible. Rather than encapsulating data, control state change. Each state change should be associated with a well defined change of the data. That way your data structures can change freely as the project matures, but the basic flow of the program (as seen by both the user and the programmer) stays the same.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

I am delighted to help. You will hear a lot of negativity about OOP but please bear in mind that it aims to facilitate collaboration and scalability. :)KD

[@lepidoptera9337]

@@ComputerScienceLessons What are you helping with here by distributing your ignorance about proper software engineering? ;-)

[@emmamorris1092]

massively useful definitions of OOP terminology - thanks!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You're very welcome :)KD

[@markyap4755]

Thanks so much for a great video ! Helps us to relate and thus makes learning "enjoyable" Learning programming is my current "hobby". Thanks again !

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are most welcome :)KD If you enjoy programming - have you seen my video on how to make a GeoGuessr type game? :)KD

[@tendaijakutindi4175]

Thank you!!

[@larsAnder]

I like the interface you just briefly mentioned, you just don't know how much that clued me in.😁

[@ongwu1507]

so clear, and easy to understand, thanks great job

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You're welcome. And thank you :)KD

[@rehanshoaib1648]

The clearest and simplest explanation of OOP I've ever seen. Many thanks. (2)

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You're very welcome. Thank you :)KD

[@igwe6547]

Best OOP explanation, simple and straight forward

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Thank you :)KD

[@aarushisharma3234]

Nice presentation 👌🏻

[@Tall-Cool-Drink]

Sweat and simple. Thanks.

[@lepidoptera9337]

Yes, also trivializing. None of the OOP explanations on KZbin tell you what you are really doing when you are doing THIS.

[@LearnTradingWithMrS]

Excellent 🎉

[@dimlavalentine3263]

You are really a lecture with a unit voice. love this unlike your lectures on floating points

[@stupidfrog]

Thank you so much, this was very helpful! My professor and textbook did such a poor job of explaining these basics that I felt like I was falling behind.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are most welcome. Glad to help :)KD

[@granand]

I have seen many as I keep forgetting it but this stands out. Thank you for the creators and the presenter such a clarity and use of just enough visuals. Esp the take away is synonyms which are used, that trips me, After this hopefully not anymore.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are most welcome. :)KD

[@user-bh5yl4pl7i]

Very clear and understand thanks alot

[@Matt-iy2cf]

Wonderfully explained! Have not found a better explanation anywhere online!!!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Thank you so much. :)KD

[@anamie7889]

Very good explanation, thank you. I have been enlightened

[@AGriffith]

Loved the video and how you emphasize different key words, keep the great work!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Thank you. The animations took ages :)KD

[@nevillecreativitymentor]

I picked a book on OOP 25 odd years back ... TODAY i understood the fundamentals LOL LOL ... thanks for the video ♥♥

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Delegated to help, albeit a little late. You are most welcome. :)KD

[@Zeila1]

i wish i watched this at the start of my OOP subject, the way you explained it made it so much easier to understand, the examples you used and visual effects really helped also. edit: I also remember watching your Dijkstra's Shortest path video back in highschool, that was also amazing.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

That's great to here. Thanks for commenting. :)KD

[@simplyamazinginternetsubch9614]

Thank you so much. Several videos and yours nailed it

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are very welcome. Thanks for the kind comment :)KD

[@marna_li]

Very clear description! Worth pointing out that there is more to OOP than just class-based programming. As a developer with some experiences I feel that there is too much focus on classes rather than objects and how they interact.

[@Regr310]

Hi, I just started learning to code in java, I've learned up the basic syntax, now learning the OOP concepts. Can you elaborate on your point? I myself thought OOP is only about creating classes and objects associate with them. .

[@marna_li]

@@Regr310 It is about how to using the OOP tools to model behavior and data in the forms of objects interacting withe each other - where the classes are templates for objects. This is often overlooked in any basic programming course which teaches you the language and not the paradigm or software modeling.

[@michaelcappello2254]

Very clear explanation of the basics of OOP. Thank you.

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Thank you :)KD

[@AB-se2cp]

Amazing!!! THANK YOU SO MUCH 🙏🏼

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are very welcome. :)KD

[@masterrov1030]

Thank you for teaching these basic pillars of OOP

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are most welcome :)KD

[@velocitydelta]

This is a great video! My teacher shared it with us to revise the concepts we are learning currently in school!

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

Thank you so much. I'll be on the curriculum next. :)KD

[@salehhassan6057]

You had a very clear and nice way to describe those concepts. But in my opinion, Polymorphism is much more than just the ability to override a method from a super class. Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. Thanks for a great video

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You welcome. Polymorphism catches a lot of people out - so I wanted to keep it very simple for now. One day I will come up with some other examples which make the point that it does indeed literally mean 'many forms' :)KD

[@doughoffman9463]

Yes. The video leads one to believe that polymorphism is only used in subclasses to override superclass methods. Duck typing (not always available, depends on the language) is the more general and useful case where the same message name can be used in classes that have no common superclass.

[@viniciusalves308]

Awesome

[@showaibhaydar9590]

This is a super clear way of defining and demonstrating the concepts ! infinite Thanks ❤‍🔥

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are very welcome :)KD

[@patriotir]

This was the best explanation I have ever came across! great job and thanks for the video

[@ComputerScienceLessons]

You are most welcome :)KD

[@k.chriscaldwell4141]

Superb. Thanks.