Fusion Energy (Part I) - Prof. Steven Cowley

[@naimulhaq9626]

A new age of environment friendly energy. Divine gift. Very important lecture. Real Hero.

[@MrBassbump]

I’m looking forward to the day when this technology is available for all. This technology will help resolve a few issues. I still have questions regarding the electromagnetic fields produced when this is working. How will it effect Earths magnetic fields how will it effect human physiology?

[@kayakMike1000]

is that a chin or a cinder block?

[@larryg2320]

I find this lecture and others very interesting. However, I do wish they would use laser pointers that will show up on KZbin videos. This seems to be a common problem with many of the lecture videos on KZbin.

[@jalalabdallah7879]

This lecture only for physicist , which they must know Quantum- Mechnics and General- Relativity and Particles Physics !

[@john-r-edge]

Small correction. Eddington's expedition was in 1919, and went to San Tome and Principe, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, west of Cameroon in West Africa. In that location Eddington had a long period of totality during the solar eclipse.

[@bazejkaczorowski6213]

Do we have some outcomes of 2018/2019 tests? Schedules? Results?

[@kpawan75]

Outstanding lecture.

[@charlesedwards5816]

i also wonder if a synthetic larger nucleos could be created?

[@soteriology1012]

What we should measure fusion success in respect to Philo Taylor Farnswortjh. He was the f1rst guy that invented television & ignited fusion. The only problem was he did not break even. How close are we compared to him?

[@jalalabdallah7879]

Thank you very much Prof. Cawley, and i find your lectures very interesting and you are amazing teacher like Richard Feynman . Jalal Abdallah ( physicist )

[@charlesedwards5816]

the issue with containment it seems in part due to the fact the rod is just that a rod and not a sphere

[@charlesedwards5816]

so could a simultaneous state bypass the Powley principal??

[@luisbauer78]

amazing that this is free

[@kayakMike1000]

How much should it cost, and who should be paid?

[@charlesedwards5816]

going by the math would it not work in reverse?

[@drrwramsey4702]

Fusion is the future of power generation. Problems solved including waste products; fuel regeneration; nuclear proliferation; contamination and accidents; as well as, costs. What more do you think you need? Dr Wayne the Geek

[@guynewell8079]

We need to stop dumping carbon into the atmosphere now, not 20 years from now. Hot fusion hype has kept us burning coal for the last 50 years.

[@odderlendsolvang3790]

@@guynewell8079 true we should do both fission and renewables.

[@plasma-rd]

A very important mistake in minute 1:09:38 - the cost of the project is not 15 billion pounds. This sum is only the contribution of the European Union to this project since 2007 until 2035. Including the contributions in kind and in cash from other member states, the cost is 38 billion pounds! Dr. Cowley knows this perfectly well: why is he helping to spread this false information about the real cost of this project?

[@huntera123]

At least he sdmits the difficulty of challenge.

[@DyzioTheDreamer]

Why can't the fusion of neutrons alone be used to produce energy?

[@pabloarroyo1023]

Unfortunately, they don’t stick together and rapidly decay. Also, without a positive charge, they can’t hold onto electrons to form an atom.

[@rogerfroud300]

One can't help but wonder would be the state of Nuclear Energy if all that money had been put into Molten Salt Thorium Fusion reactor development instead of the White Elephant that is ITER.

[@Kalumbatsch]

It would have delayed the development of fusion power by decades, and instead there would be a couple more nuclear reactors that still produce lots of radioactive shit.

[@rogerfroud300]

I guess you've not really looked at Molten Salt reactors then, they're a completely different animal to conventional Fission reactors. These are the facts... kzbin.info/www/bejne/mWjFkoearq2pbsk The bottom line is, there's still no guarantee that Fusion power will ever be economic even if it's possible. The difference between these two technologies is that one is known to work and is being actively developed right now by several companies in different countries. It will almost certainly beat Fusion to the finish line and wipe out any chance of commercial Fusion reactors. Ultimately, it will be shown that we've all backed the wrong horse by buying into Iter. It's fascinating research, but there's no business model for it.

[@Kalumbatsch]

It has the same problems that conventional fission reactors have, even if it's safer. It still produces long-lived radioactive waste. The supposed advantages of Thorium reactors are completely overblown. Add to that that it would take years or decades to develop the technology, Thorium is in fact the wrong horse.

[@rogerfroud300]

You clearly haven't looked at it long enough. The advantages are huge, not only from a safety point of view, but an efficiency one. The reactors use almost 100% of the fuel as opposed to 4% in a conventional reactor. Its waste is much less problematical and there's very little of it as a result of the very high efficiency. Do you really think the technology is harder to develop than Fusion??? The bottom line is that it's being developed by private companies and also by a large team in China. You don't need the sort of budget that ITER requires to get it off the ground. Even when (if) ITER does what it's supposed to do, it will cost as much again to make units that produce any usable power. Who is going to invest in this commercially when there Molten Salt reactors are producing electricity at a fraction of the cost?

[@Kalumbatsch]

Then let private industry develop it and find out if it's really so great in practice.

[@kayakMike1000]

The energy leaks out too much...

[@komolkovathana8568]

First of all, i thought the toroidal vessel is (nearly) in Full Vacuum state, but so far that you, dear Dr. Cowley, insisted that it contains says, 260 bars (in near Solar Core, pressure is around 2e(11) bars (0.2 Trillion bars), making "few hundreds" seems insignificantly negleciable. Anyway, 260 bars already far too high for any vessel to bear; assume spherical tank of steel (not heating state, 1500 kg/cm2 bearable strength, diameter 25 metres(as in Caderach, France), the internal pressure is (assumed) 260e(5) pascal= 260 kg/cm2 ; Stress ={(PD)/2t} , then 1,500 = {(260×25)÷(2×T)} ; wanna find " T " ; metal Thickness " T " = (2×1,500)÷(60×25) = 2.0 meters ; since the pressure on 1sq.m. (m2) (=10,000cm2) ; is equal to (260×1e(4)= 2.6e(6) kg.= 2,600 tonnes/m2 ; then its reasonable that Your Vessel is needed to be "Some" Metre Think, (for Toroidal portion, simplified Sphere is Too critical ( but don't forget that no HeatStress is added here, also no Complex(safety) Factors, involved) But let's be more accurate, simplified Toroid as longitudinal 8 -10 metre width/tall ?, and using same (simplified) equation we will get Thickness of : 200 cm÷ (25/10) = 80 cm. So far as i ever see from KZbin or Graghic, Never any portion of Container/Shell looked as thick as 0.8 metre (nearly 3 feet =a yard thick ??)...Any magic material can save 80 cm. of stainless steel and reduced to 5-10 cm. wall of Exotic SuperAlloy matter ( also with Exotic Cost ?? They don't want to, if really any, they'll prefer to use as simpler one as possible.) If reduce again, 260 bar to 100 bars, to make "80 cm" thick down to " 32 cm" just One foot thick, still IMPOSSIBLE. So let's say no more tricky words, just ACCEPT that it's nearly Full Vacuum inside, that need no special Strength of metalWall to contain reactant, Hydrogen... Another long concerning to prove the impossibility of 150-200 million degree Temperature : the law of Radiation Energy ; E = {5.67e(-8)×(Temp^4)} joule/s•m2 And (1 MeV= 1.6022e(-13) joule) ; 1 reaction gives 18.3 MeV @ Massive reactants of 5 protons & neutrons (P&N) ; (1 proton (or neutron) mass = 1.67262e(-27) kg.) (P&N)mass = {5.67e(-8)×(150e(6))^4} ÷ (1.6022e(-13)×18.3) × (5×1.67262e(-27))

[@komolkovathana8568]

(P&N)mass required = 81.874e(9) Kilograms/sec• m2= (82) million Tonnes/s•m2 Let's assume the Reaction just lasted for "Micro-" Second = 82 tonnes/microS•m2 Next, to consider the True area of Atomic Radiation : assume your" 260 "bars and applying idealGas Law : PV= n•Kb•T ; Bohr Radius = 0.53e(-10)metre ; Proton size (estimated) = 1/(45,000) times of Bohr's Hydrogen Radius ; and (P+N) outer Area is 175% of "P" alone surface : (1.75× 4π{ 0.53e(-10)/45,000) }^2 ).. Finally.. got total Atomic Surface of Radiation = { 0.383 m2} ; Times 82 tonnes of (P&N)...got (31.406 Tonnes) of Reactants/nearly same Amount of By-Product(H4) The point is Either "82" or "31" tonnes of mass (per "MicroSecond") in an Eye-blink of reaction, sounds TRIPLE IMPOSSIBLE (3 assumptions)..in the three Worlds that YOUR temperature of 150 million °C (or even 200 million °C) sounds rediculously FALSIFIED/ Freaky FAKE Equivalent Conversion from "MeV", i guess, not real temperature (you also mentioned of Sparseness/Dilution of Reacting gas Atom in Excited Plasmic Volume..the more diluted, the more they were apart, and Non-likely to Produce such high, claimed "Hundreds" of Bars Pressure (?? !! ??).. Summary ;(1) Hundreds of Bar internal Pressure...Unlikely to be True (2) ultraHigh temperature, 150-200e(6)°C.. Unlikely be True (3) create massive by-product of 30-80 Tonnes in MicroSecond..WoW? (Four) can cherish people hope of Falsified Criteria that this misleading machine will solved Energy crisis and Global Climate Problem, Profoundly. And that they, all the scientists and experts will go on Spendiny all resources, materials &Tools , various Apparatus, so far that illimited/enormously Finacial Funding will keep-on pouring to them illogically, unshamefully. Knowing that no non-stupid agency were daring to challenge/ask them these simple rules of thumb..the very basic Equation & Common sense..Even the most advanced Countries in the western World, including Japan, China, Korea and india, were all-in and not be able to complete just ONE/SINGLE of Real workable Power unit, how can you expect to SELL/BUILD any real Successful ones in a poor and stupid far-away nations, thus such the Idealistic powerPlant will never be the world solution of such any hope, sorry to explain all these stuff (!?!) Please reconsider, so far solar panels are well-proven technology, everyone have them for 25-35 years now, only required too much space to install plus only workable for 3-4 hours daily..seems not exotic to. The Frugal wat of reducing or improving this and that also sound annoying, but the trend of repair/reuse/recycle ,may be our only hope..the Conservationists way of living through the century.(!?!)

[@gunnarkaestle9405]

1:08 Did he really say "make energy"? Energy is a conserved quantity, see energy conservation law. You cannot make energy, and you cannot waste energy. Energy can be transformed only, e.g. from binding energy of a nucleus into heat into mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[@Gizemci77]

Okey here. Remedy for , culomb neutron. I know , I know , I know. The problem is not heat and coulomb. God damn it. Send neutrons to the center. The reaction finds the right neutron and the reaction begins. You see the neutron as the problem. Not like that. My problem was a remedy for me. Yunus Emre

[@pardoharsimanjuntak1483]

with an electric power amplifier of the human body, maybe humans can fly.

[@jonahansen]

Or maybe with a chemical amplifier of sleeping ideas we could levitate while remaining on the ground?

[@saketg5954]

I wonder what he thinks of Cold fusion, aka LENR

[@metatron5199]

SaketG it's unfortunate how disorganized that field of research is as the potential for LENR being a viable method to produce energy would obviously be revolutionary. It's just a shame that no one can agree what is actually going on in these "loaded" cathode experiments....no doubt something is going on it's just a matter of whether or not there are actual nuclear reactions occurring and not just chemical....

[@jpmorgan187]

Cold fusion is a fools errand.

[@metatron5199]

J S that's a poor attitude to hold, certainly not one of science....

[@jpmorgan187]

@@metatron5199 lol scientist think cold fusion is a joke.

[@metatron5199]

J S thank you for showing your ignorance on the subject, LENR is a viable field of research as currently no one understand what is going on in these "loaded cathode" experiments as I already explained in my comment which you clearly did not read. You also clearly don't show knowledge behind why there was such a harsh push back against the idea put forth by Pons and Fleishmann by the scientific intelligencia i.e. They did not publish first in a peer review journal but instead held a press conference with media in attendance a big no no before peer review so despite the fact that there are clear signs of anomalous heating in these "loaded cathode" experiments it is just not clear what exactly is going on in these experiments which was something they should have been more forward about. Since the. The US navy (along with many other groups) have gone on to fund and continue to this day to do LENR research for quite sometime, so if it was complete hog wash the navy would not be wasting money on something which knowingly wouldn't work. Like I said it's the fact no one knows what is going on, it may end up being purely a chemical reaction which is fine since we will have figured out what is actually at play is these type of reactions but until that point it is an open question is physics needing to be answered bc even with the smallest chance of it working it is worthwhile to figure it out due to the potential it holds if it is producing nuclear reactions. So yeah your attitude is certainly not one of science as any open problem is a problem worth while investigating, but I guess your such a genius that you need not investigate the problem experimentally and can bless everyone with the answer that even the people doing the research don't have... so please go ahead drop that knowledge which currently does not exist as the experiments needed have not been conducted yet, but please go ahead......

[@tastee8851]

If static electricity could be used to create plasma, then we should learn how to harness electricity

[@kierank5081]

we can harness electricity

[@davidgillman5368]

The need for energy storage may not soon be so great. Yes, we need some energy storage, mainly at home, but we really need green reliable nuclear power. However, not of the old, inefficient, less safe and polluting fission type as presently in use. While thorium is much better it cannot compete with fusion nuclear. The Tokamak and ITER types of approach to plasma confinement are incorrect old school and inefficient physics-based fusion power attempts at a working solution based on our misunderstanding of how the sun shines. All efforts along these lines are simply wasting billions of dollars. However, there is now really great news! In present reality, fusion is already here in the form of the "Safire Generator" that uses safe, green, small footprint, 24 hr reliable within community-based fusion nuclear power. See all about it at "aureon energy.com". and learn your necessary "Electric Universe Theory" with your newer astrophysics and plasma physics reality at "The Thunderbolts Project" and you will then be on the right track.

[@komolkovathana8568]

Going on lecturing full of "charts & equations" and "figures & curves" with bars and pies . Please just answer that the toroid vessel contains (near to) Vacuum pressure, and the sudden rise of 200 million °C, such ULTRA-HIGH temperature will SIMPLY MELT-away through any metal Wall, no matter how exotic-coating or special lined they are..Proton can be diverted, in magnetic field, but UV and Gamma radiation is right-Penetrating into /through the wall, readily for such transfer of Thermal Energy to be carried away to Steam-Boiling effect in the next Generating process, if success goal were achieved?!? But everything will melted-down/collapsed, if such high Temperature and pressure to be reached, actually. Not milli-seconds (or micro-second) of too (shortly) nonsense-reaction, to avoid over-heating and over-pressure that will tear-down the thin vessel. Am i under-estimated the power of design/simulation of the creator-team (?!?)

[@komolkovathana8568]

The criteria is that the magnetic coils will divert the ionized protons, not to touch the wall of vessel, though the blaster radiation of UV and powerful Gamma ray were not effected by such strong field of magnet. Otherwise, how can you expect to collect thermal radiation into , says Cooling water/saturated Steam=>superheated state, if all the Heat/ energy cannot touch the targeted Wall. Very simple, we are lured to appreciate the marvel of super (conducting) magnet, and grandeur of machines, not to realize the true/ fundamental laws of radiation (T^4) that reveal everything out off the luxury-design Plant lay-out and apparatus that will never meet simple break-even result. Even (1:1) 100% or (3:1) 300% COP. will not sustain all the plant-running equipment & accessories, we need at least 450-650% of COP. Too high that no one will ever accept it. The true over-all Thermal-gain/ efficiency of the Plant System.

[@peterndegwa650]

A

[@keghnfeem4154]

My research says that fusion in a magnetic field can only happen when you have two inductors. One inductor on the outside and one in the middle. Fusion take place in a good space in between the two. The inner and outer do not touch. The power fed into the coils is alternating current or direct. RF plasma induction has only the outer coil. When on and running, it causes the plasma to come together and also pushed to the center and then out of the coil, not good for fusion. The center coil is to stop this. Fusion will not happen in the center of the small coil. My need to be closed off. The tokamak has only a out coil. I say tokamak will not work well until it get a inner coil.

[@andycroucheaux4568]

Check out SAFIRE PROJECT. Thanks.

[@keghnfeem4154]

In my model alternating magnetic field drive electron movement in the plasma. No anode or cathode touches the plasma. Safire has there anode in the plasma. When electron move through the safire plasma the can take different paths. In my model the magnetic field forces filaments together. My model is two open ended inductors. A outer inductor and inner inductors of of five inches in length and a gap of five inches in between the two inductors. Microwave voltage is applied to the two coils in phase. So that a standing wave magnetic field develops between the two inductors. These inductors are placed in a chamber of gases of a proper pressure. The inductos may need to be set up in way that a standing wave generate stronger withing the middle length of the inductors and de constructive wave cancellation at the mouths or ends the inductors.

[@metatron5199]

keghn feem sounds like your trying to describe an inertial electrostatic confinement fusion reactor aka a fusor or its big brother the polywell which actually has a possible chance at working unlike the fusor which is what you have essentially described....

[@jonahansen]

I LUFF Utube comments!!! LUV LUFF LOVF CAN'T LIFF WITOUTEM. IM SEW GLAYD I NO WERE THE CAPSS LOK IS. IMA SOOOOOO SMART!!!!!

[@y_social_]

bru

[@georgemarquis5904]

Apparently your wasting your time and others too . See uTubes vid , " David Adair at Area 51 advanced symbiotic technology " . At age 17 , David had already perfected a working magnetically confined fusion engine . That you are " still working on it ' is absolutely ludicrous . -George

[@jpmorgan187]

The fact that you believe that garbage is absolutely ridiculous.

[@metatron5199]

George Marquis wow can't believe you fell for that con man, I mean he certainly is a good story teller, but if you have even the smallest bit of technical knowledge in regards to physics and subsequently the mathematics that describe the physics you'd see right threw his nonsense bogus story. Now I'm not saying it isn't possible that a fusion reactor has been created by the US government and subsequently classified due to national security and are waiting for the political climate to be right (in the eyes of the us government and their overarching goal in geopolitics) for them release the technology. Don't be so quick to believe people who can't prove their claims like the nut case you are referencing, anyone who makes fantastical claims like that needs the evidence to back it up, simply put if he actually knew how to build a fusion reactor he would be the richest man in the world as well as being one of the most important individuals in the history man due to implications of having fusion i.e. The worlds energy problem is solved thus solving many other problems which revolve around energy production, and none the less is a "green" technology as well.... cheers

[@georgemarquis5904]

Our view of this is apparently different MT . Good luck on your journey through the cosmos . -George

[@metatron5199]

George Marquis please go ahead and show evidence that the problem of creating a fusion reactor is resolved I would love to see it.

[@warpeace8891]

@ 2;10 How can anyone take this guy seriously when he claims the temperature of the centre of the sun is 50 million degrees and his lab is generating temperatures up to 200 million degrees, "SO MORE THAN TEN TIMES HOTTER THAN THE CENTRE OF THE SUN". Come on..... seriously? 200 is more than 10 times 50? How much more basic can it get? I found it hard to watch after that. Unfortunately there were at least 2 more examples of his unique math skills. I admit my attention was compromised and there may have been more. Not what I would consider a competent professor.

[@derkatzenfuerst6077]

War Peace He says fifteen, not fifty.

[@warpeace8891]

DerKatzen Fuerst Thanks for correcting me. That is much closer.

[@adoma9713]

The sun is cold and burns hydrogen slowly (actually quite a lot of it fuses via carbon fusion - where carbons acts as a 'catalyst' - but the same end result). His small reactor has to be very hot if it is to get a noticeable power out of a small volume. He has to be a LOT hotter than the sun. … and it all seems to be doable in a shorter rather than a longer time line. If you are interested in more try 'IAP', 'MIT', and 'FUSION'.

[@SideWalkAstronomyNetherlands]

maybe you should study some more...it's hard work, and I can see you don't like that, but do try...

[@metatron5199]

Simple reason, the sun's fusion reaction is generated via the gravitational force i.e. the sun is that massive that it produces enough pressure/density to fuse the hydrogen gas which dominates the elemental composition of the star, since we can't use gravity like a star does we need to create temperatures far hotter than the sun to get your plasma energetic enough to fuse atoms hence why we need to use superconducting magnets to generate fields strong enough to contain the plasma and stop it from destroying the vessel walls.

[@rd9831]

Waste of time lecture. No new information. Just rambling . Come to the point fast in your next lecture please.