Gallium Anomaly Hints at New Physics After 35 Years of Experiments

[@CordovaMage]

I like to picture a man with very tiny tweezers just plucking away at a piece of gallium going "one germanium, two germanium"

[@Chrisspru]

and laughing "ah-ah-ah!" from time to time.

[@seanhewitt603]

I'm thinking the molecular weight changes...

[@enlightendbel]

That's how you trap a Leprechaun.

[@Unmannedair]

Hate to burst your bubble, but we're talking individual atoms of germanium. What they're doing is they're taking a sample and they're putting it through mass spectroscopy and measuring ratios. They're not actually counting individual atoms.

[@Kelnx]

@@Unmannedair Ahhh...you're one of those people who literally fact-checks jokes.

[@StasKubrak]

I used to work on BEST as a student, have written trigger program in C++ to detect certain neutrino events. Nice to hear that old place still is relevant for modern science 😊

[@douglasstrother6584]

I bet they are *still* running your code.

[@MrWaalkman]

@@douglasstrother6584 If it works, don't fix it.

[@przemekkobel4874]

@@douglasstrother6584 Maybe they all run it, and the reason for this new physics is some C++ compiler issue.

[@salty_cucumber]

​@@douglasstrother6584if it works don't touch it unless you should

[@LoLaSn]

@@douglasstrother6584 Don't fix it if it ain't broke

[@NikkiTrudelle]

If there were ever a Nobel prize for science communication it should go to Anton for sure

[@talananiyiyaya8912]

No it wouldn't...

[@IgnacioGouk]

The Nobel Prize is a meme...

[@h.c5750]

Unfortunately the nobel prize has been given to soms truly horrible people so its not really the accolade it once was

[@Songbird645]

​@@h.c5750 Who are you refering to?

[@greg_one_izm]

@@talananiyiyaya8912 OP didn't say "would" they said "should"

[@ericclubb3761]

This is one of my favorite science channels. Your one of the only channels I know about, who talk abou new discoveries, that aren't complete bs clickbait and you actually use real pictures. You, John Micheal Godier, Vsauce, and PBS Spacetime are my favorite science channels.

[@kaminachos5129]

Isaac Arthur is awesome too

[@DJRonnieG]

I found it hard to watch Avi Loeb after the third time on JMG's Event Horizon. After looking into Loebs work, I realized he basically has no actual evidence to support his assertions.

[@lorenzoblum868]

Periodic video

[@m4rvinmartian]

Vsauce is a shill

[@Duane_Day]

Avi Loeb might always be seen as a crackpot for as long as no undeniable proof comes in. maybe 250 or 500 years from now, someone might dig up the archives and say, 'Remember how they mocked that Loeb guy? Turns out he was right.' Ijust like with Giordano Bruno, who was ridiculed and even executed for his ideas about the universe, later to be proven correct about many things.

[@dgermain001]

I love how precise the whole physic thing is so that small discrepancies in niche experiment can spark wild new discoveries.

[@JohnDoe-qz1ql]

The thing is that the discrepancies aren't small.

[@NthnLikeCodeine]

@@JohnDoe-qz1ql yeah that’s what he’s saying genius 😭

[@noether9447]

@@NthnLikeCodeinehe literally did say small tho genius

[@aladdin8623]

So much for the absolute truths in scientific theories 😅

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

@@aladdin8623 No one ever said that there is "absolute thruth in scientific theories", what are you talking about?

[@wotireckon]

Hope you don't mind I sent a right-handed thumbsup.

[@pierluigidipietro8097]

That was good 😂

[@pnf197]

i'll counter that with a neutral thumbs up (ie, nothing)

[@hudnix]

Wait, you're on to another anomaly! KZbin only has right-handed thumbs! Where are the left-handed thumbs?

[@patrickdonahue4533]

In some cultures that is a swear word 😂

[@colebengston3963]

Unexplained physics involving Gallium? Never clicked on a video faster!

[@user-xj5xp6qz5g]

[@ProbablyYoMama]

Looked up the Hutchinson effect?

[@bobkoroua]

Am I missing something?

[@Cheesepuff8]

One time I saw a vid called horse kicks tree and farts on dog then runs away and I clicked on that pretty fast

[@oddvertex]

Same my man same!

[@ImOverEveryone]

This is what happens when I forget I took my meds and I take them twice. Oh wait that's Valium

[@BackYardScience2000]

😂

[@stalbaum]

A winner

[@carriefu458]

[@jimtroeltsch5998]

Valium is way cooler than Galium

[@ProbablyOnLSD6669]

A considerably cooler substance. Edit: someone beat me to it goddamnit

[@KippinCollars]

The Gallium Anomaly is the name of my last psychedelic jazz album. Very popular in Japan.

[@chaunceyfeatherstone6209]

Hai! Arigato!

[@panetierbread3510]

j-fusion album drop when?

[@johndawson6057]

Just looked it up on google. Damn bro.

[@KippinCollars]

@@johndawson6057 I know right? It changed the genre. It changed Japan. It changed physics.

[@kurkulbc370]

Do you know the artists/bands name? For some reason I can't find anything by the album name alone

[@JanghanHong]

There was always something weird and mythical about room temperature liquid metals.

[@louisanthes]

I never thought so. There are liquid oceans of nitrogen on the outer planets, and iron rain on exoplanets. States of matter are arbitrary functions of temperature and pressure ...

[@JohnnyWednesday]

There's nothing special about "room temperature" - all metals can be a liquid.

[@noelstarchild]

Who'd have thought, Hg sitting right there next to Au heh? Amazing power of a proton.

[@MrMichiel1983]

@@louisanthes That's true for simple states of matter, but complex matter like DNA will not be stable at very high temperatures. So liquid metal can only interact with biological materials if it's room temperature.

[@rfbftp123]

​@@louisanthesfrom what they believe from the data collected... Give me a photo of iron rain 🤣 obviously its something like that but who knows what weird physics on other planets may make data look like. Scientists can only make conclusions using formulas discovered already..

[@MagnumGreenPanther]

20-24% less than expected. That tells you that there is a particle flavor that we don’t know about. Instead of a 1/3 it’s 1/4 or a 1/5

[@birdness]

Cool ranch flavor I hope

[@paulurban2]

All Dressed flavor

[@thomasmount3530]

You sir, are thinking like a chemist! Good comment, got me thinking.

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

"Instead of a 1/3 it’s 1/4 or a 1/5" Why should it be 1/3 ?!?

[@MagnumGreenPanther]

@@bjornfeuerbacher5514electron, muon, or tau. 1 as in one of the 3 known and expected flavors I was saying 1/3 as a representation of the expected particle ratio. If the fractional detection though is less than expected that implies the number of potential particles is higher than you initially predicted a 4 or a 5

[@RKBaxter]

You have the gift of presenting information in a format that is easy to understand. Don't retire, there is a lot more I want to learn.

[@davidboyle1902]

How an experiment intended to study one phenomenon leads to insights in an entirely different arena is foundational science, and probably why there are so many people who don’t buy into it anymore. It’s simply too complex for lots of people. Easier to believe what your favorite politician has to say on the subject. A fascinating presentation well told. You are the man, Anton. And a wonderful one.

[@andrewepp6763]

Crazy that people are able to think up these kinds of experiments. Humans can be pretty smart!!

[@user-do6dl5gh1z]

But most money still gets stolen by layers and economists and politicians

[@filonin2]

@@user-do6dl5gh1z Some people like cucumbers better pickled. We're just mentioning random facts, right? No need to relate to previous posts at all, right?

[@zenchess]

@@filonin2 Some people like cucumbers, but the fact is Chess was invented in india thousands of years ago

[@seanhewitt603]

It's like adventure, looong periods of boredom, followed by short, heart testing periods of excitement...

[@ProbablyYoMama]

Jim Jeffries has a good analogy/joke for what you're saying

[@jimcurtis9052]

Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. ☺️👍

[@speakeroftruth1952]

Left-handed neutrinos are more creative than right-handed neutrinos.

[@Bob-of-Zoid]

They have been discriminated against long enough!!!😁

[@krzysztofkowalski2816]

they also shatter human rights better

[@realfist1]

Hi Anton, Karl here from the UK. Hearing you mention right handed neutrinos reminded me of Neil Turok’s amazing lecture about (I believe) his ground breaking theories a few months ago. He pointed out that as these particles were much heavier than left handed neutrinos they were a likely candidate for dark matter. I urge you to watch his 2 hour (!) long talk/lecture on the KZbin ‘Theories of Everything’ channel entitled The Simple Theory That Explains Everything’. Enjoy!!

[@cmbaz1140]

There is someone called turok? Dayum...

[@deemo8578]

that smile gets me everytime. Always love the vids ty

[@chrislong3938]

Heh... every time I hear the word 'Germanium' I think back to a Biggles novel I read as a child! Algy was planting Geraniums around their Quonset hut and Biggles dug them all up saying that he won't have Germaniuns growing at their base! This was the book when he first met Algy in WWI. A fun read for a kid!!! ... and yes! I'm American but grew up in the British WI. I'm probably one of the few Americans who knew what the hell Ian Anderson was talking about where in Thick as a Brick, he asks, "... and where the hell was Biggles, when you needed him last Saturday?"

[@tanagra2]

Are you feeling ok today? Get yourself a nice cup of tea and lay down for a bit.

[@HettieJansenVanVuuren]

Aaaaaaahhhh the flowers!!!! Lovely imagination in comparison to winderful science!!! 🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸

[@CharlesStearman]

You must be thinking of the story "The Battle of the Flowers" in which Algy plants some sunflowers which are destroyed by a German bomb, so in retaliation he bombs a patch of geraniums at a German airfield. It is included in the book "Biggles Pioneer Air Fighter" which also contains the story "The Boob" in which Algy makes his first appearance. This was the first Biggles book I ever read back in the 1960s and I still have my original copy.

[@chrislong3938]

@@CharlesStearman That must be it! Man, it was so long ago! 1969 or so... I was about 11-12. I just remember the humor! I also remember that whenever Biggles took off, it was a cloudless sky in France! Living in Trinidad, I'd never seen a true cloudless sky and wondered if that was really possible. Then I moved back to California and yes(!) they are true! Now I'm in Colorado and there is always at least a little wisp of a cloud somewhere. Funny, the things that make an impression on a person... Thanks!

[@dailynico]

Another Biggles fan 💥😊

[@George-rk7ts]

There's been talk of sterile neutrons for a long time. This time it might make sense. Stay wonderful, Anton

[@WillArtie]

yeah I remember listening to a science podcast years ago and they were talking about theoretical sterile neutrinos and their implications if real - almost a decade ago? Wonder when they were first proposed and why...

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

*neutrinos

[@D_037]

It is kinda funny how the Gallium experiment was made in a collaboration between Russia and America and they're looking for, Germanium.

[@blijebij]

It is :)

[@ravenousvisages]

But Germany has no sense of humor?

[@blijebij]

@@ravenousvisages But we do :D

[@xenuburger7924]

At first I read Geraniums and thought Геран-2

[@blijebij]

@@xenuburger7924 xD

[@TheBluemanBenny]

Thanks Anton. Awesome work as always!

[@kd4pba]

Feels like we are so close to major breakthrough in so many areas all at once.

[@numinous2506]

They'll use it to make new weapons to end the threat of war....

[@jazzman5598]

Every time you answer 1 question in physics……a million more questions appear. Thanks Anton!

[@michaelhutson6758]

The obvious follow up question to ask would be does any nucleus besides Gallium-71 show an anomalously low electron neutrino count? If not, what is so special about the Gallium-71 to Germanium-71 transformation?

[@thomasmount3530]

i think thats lookupable but i want to know too

[@wayneshirey6999]

I got to hear that adverb again that I've never heard anywhere else: intriguingly. Good video. Thank you.

[@tonics7121]

Anton, you are a miracle of good genes and kindness. Super great combo. Thanks for being you.

[@fastshuther]

I'm always so happy of the advancements we are making, thank you so much Anton for making it possible for others to learn of these advancements, without you news wouldn't be so fast and accurate

[@zach11241]

Gallium. It’s a short hand version of how I fail to talk with women: “Gal, I.... ummmm........”

[@Xingqiwu387]

Anton is wonderful, as are his explanations and science news elaborations. I'm so happy I found his channel.

[@AnotherTowerDev]

Anton videos with "new physics" in the title are quite rare

[@thomasmount3530]

So are white papers...

[@4rrxw794]

I love the casual way Anton conveys the news of a potentially groundbreaking new physics😊

[@alden1132]

I'd bet my last Germanium isotope that BEST is a backronym. The BEST bacronym!

[@stephenelberfeld8175]

I remembered gallium was an important ingredient for something. As a Gemologist I used to run into articles about synthetic gallium garnets. I'd better look it up.

[@henrythegreatamerican8136]

Best thing about these videos is they remind me how stupid I really am. Time for me to go hug an experimental astrophysicist.

[@kevinroberts781]

You aren't stupid because of what they claim. We are stupid because we believe them.

[@user-xj5xp6qz5g]

ugh, thats so lame, man.

[@DaPikaGTM]

@@kevinroberts781 No, you are just a contrarian fool.

[@noob19087]

Not how stupid you are, but how much you still have to learn. How much we all still have to learn.

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

@@kevinroberts781 Why do you think that people are stupid for believing scientists?

[@aardvard1]

Love your work Anton. You are a born teacher. Much love your way from Australia.

[@LordDustinDeWynd]

Howdy from Temple, Texas, USA!

[@pazitor]

Fascinating, as always. Thanks, Anton.

[@blobrana8515]

Exciting news. Sterile neutrinos were not top of the list for a dark matter candidate - until i heard about this.

[@mikewlazlinski4309]

So quick question. Isn't dark matter just a term that describes an undiscovered mass of something. So wouldn't any new particle or whatever they find be what dark matter is in general?

[@blobrana8515]

@@mikewlazlinski4309 if it isn't normal baryonic matter then any new particle discovered would be dark matter. Dark matter could composed of many different types of particle.

[@southsideronnie]

Always fascinating videos! Thank you for sharing Anton!!

[@Acoustic-Rabbit-Hole]

4:48 The 11th harmonic. It’s musical. - _The Acoustic Rabbit Hole_

[@ronmorrell9809]

Excellent presentation. I think I actually understood it. Thanks

[@debrainwasher]

A new, non detectable allegedly inert and possibly heavy neutrino is like unobtanium, a tachyon or negative mass with repulsive gravity. If the hypothesized particle does not interact with any matter but only spacetime, I guess, it would not be a terribly bad idea to weigh the gallium in small portions and the mass of the whole gallium content in the detector. If there is a difference, an interaction with the mass can be assumed. Interferometry is also an option.

[@spvillano]

I remember back when neutrinos had yet to be detected in nature. Neutrinos were predicted in 1930, it wasn't until 1965 before they were detected in nature. I also remember when the notion of a neutrino detector for supernovae was considered an absurdity, not detection is routine. Now, the puzzle on how to detect a sterile neutrino remains to be solved and an experiment that can detect them created, which could answer a significant number of questions in physics, including why there is so little antimatter in the universe.

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

Since the neutrinos oscillate into another, this new type of neutrino is _not_ "non detectable" - you can detect it _indirectly_, but using appearance and disappearance experiments over different lenghts. "If the hypothesized particle does not interact with any matter but only spacetime, I guess, it would not be a terribly bad idea to weigh the gallium in small portions and the mass of the whole gallium content in the detector. If there is a difference, an interaction with the mass can be assumed." Sorry, I can't follow your train of thought. Could you please explain that further? "Interferometry is also an option." ??? That's even more unclear.

[@debrainwasher]

@@bjornfeuerbacher5514 Anton came up with the idea, this new type of neutrinos might be the long sought WIMP-particle. We know, dark matter does not interact with ordinary matter, but it bends spacetime. According to Relativity, a spactime-curvature is the cause of gravity. Provided, the conjecture is valid and the number of missing neutrinos is substantial, any oscillation of a neutrino into a WIMP should be detectable by presence of an additional spacetime-curvature in the vicinity of the detector. And there are two known means to detect a local spacetime-curvature: i) a balance, ii) Laser interferometry. E.g. LIGO uses this principle to measure tiny amounts of spacetime-contractions, caused by incoming gravitational waves from distant celestial objects. Since there is a strong interaction of known neutrinos with Ga, fewer neutrinos can flip into the alleged WIMP-state. This should create a locally negative (concave) spacetime-curvature.

[@soundsoflife9549]

You would not be able to differentiate such an infinitesimal change in mass like this.

[@debrainwasher]

@@soundsoflife9549 Do not underestimate interferometry. E.g. LIGO has a sensitivity of h < 10E-23. If (I stress if) these sterile neutrinos are really as good at bending spacetime as these were able to create 27% of the apparent mass of the universe, a detection should be possible. It is only a matter of a proper design of a suitable experiment and collecting the funding.

[@blijebij]

Yes Gallium hits at a folding out of new physics insight of a unique perspective! Great video&great presentation, wonderful als always! Thank you!

[@MyraSeavy]

CooL stuff! 😎

[@GoneDee]

ty for your time and your content, have a wonderful day

[@Jokers_Yugioh666]

Cool find!

[@joehagenmusic]

Hey Anton! I love your videos SOOOO much I've been a huge fan for years! as an audio engineer and an advocate for accessibility, I'd love to suggest that you EQ up the upper frequencies (2khz and higher by 3-4db) and compress the voice audio as it is a bit muffled and quiet when compared to other channels on KZbin. If you don't know how to do this, then there are AI tools that can do it for you now, or u can learn how to do it online in just a few minutes. I know how busy you are, and I don't want to add more work for you, but like I said, it's an accessibility thing that can quickly and effectively make a positive difference for your viewers:) appreciate you so much my man! Thank u as always for making so many incredible videos!

[@jurgenkranenburg1309]

how can sterile neutrinos explain dark matter if they keep oscillating into different neutrinos that have different mass? what am I missing?

[@JosePineda-cy6om]

If neutrinos spend about 20% of the time as massive sterile neutrinos, you could take the average amount of neutrinos in the galaxy and at any time ~20% of them are sterile neutrinos, adding total mass. It doesn't matter what state an individual neutrino is at, but the cumulative effects of all of them, altogether.

[@bigfishoutofwater3135]

You're missing the same thing everyone else is: the dark matter 😉

[@blend3rman796]

Hey Anton, just a small piece of feedback: your voice is a bit quiet on phone speakers. It is also a bit muddled and could use some post-production. Just my 2 sensors (ears)! 😅

[@YellowKing1986]

Lots of bots lately folks. Curious times.

[@droog8400]

If by curious you mean shithouse, then yes I wholeheartedly agree

[@caejones2792]

My understanding of particle physics is in that novice valley where I _think_ I know what a sterile neutrino is supposed to be, but I have no idea how it could be possible. I assume from the description that the sterility refers to it losing its Weak field in exchange for significant mass? How does that work? And even if, would it really be enough mass to account for dark matter? It sounds interesting, but it also sounds ... confusing, to someone whose knowledge on QM comes primarily from Hyperphysics and KZbin.

[@mellertid]

As far as I understand, the idea to solve the gallium anomaly is *light* sterile neutrinos that could *not* account for (all) dark matter. But will still make a mess in cosmology.

[@JohannesSkolaude]

Holy ****p you have an AI infection in your comment section. Some AI is Cat fishing you Bro.

[@RyanMacWee]

Yer an ai

[@samuelgarrod8327]

Holy what?

[@jonaseckert6926]

That's in every commentsection atm tbh

[@emuhill]

@@samuelgarrod8327 Know any 5 letter words that in in p? Admittably I can't think of any such word.

[@ChelimYrneh]

♥ ( also impressed with the graphics behind Anton ; WHO does these amzing graphics ? Unsung heroes . . .

[@dantreviso4753]

Frikin' bots are everywhere.👾

[@WhiskerBiscuit1]

Beep boop boop boop beep?

[@bernhardlesche3283]

Neutrinos are ordinary Dirac-particles and therefore they have also a righthanded component. In the sun they are created purely lefthanded. But the massterm in Dirac's equation couples the left and the right components and therefore the particle will not stay lefthanded. With a nonzero mass neutrinos can have a magnetic moment and in the presence of a magnetic field and oscillating electromagnetic fields a spin-flip is possible.

[@aquanano1]

This is like in Genesis: Adam was created first, but somehow a part of Adam became Eve. Or maybe I have eaten too much watermelon...

[@bernhardlesche3283]

Think of the amplitue of the electron-electron-neutrino field as an element of the direct sum of the following tensor products: the lefthanded spinor cpace L times a two-dimensional flavor cpace l, on wich the weak interaction acts as SU2, and a righthanded spinor space R times a flavor space r, on which the weak interaction does just nothing. So psi is an element of Lxl + Rxr. The gamas in Dirac's equation map L into R and R into L. So the result of the application of the derivative operator in Dirac's equation is an element in Rxl+Lxr. Therefore the mass, that is the Higgs, has to be a mapping that maps l into r and r into l. ​@@aquanano1

[@Natsukashii-Records]

Edit: Why are bots arguing under my comment? 😭 Man, Anton is the type of guy that seems to really struggle putting himself out there but his love for sharing scientific things with others is so big that it trumps any introverted need he has. Wish I was him. :(

[@esecallum]

Vote Trump for President

[@jastrapper190]

You would think with as “smart” as we have become… we would B smart enough to understand what the 25th amendment was and why it’s needed.

[@jss1328]

​@esecallum All you do is denounce science and spam politics. Pathetic.

[@n1k0n_]

Jesus Christ...Can we not bring politics into everything?

[@jastrapper190]

​@@n1k0n_ when your friends are blown into tiny pieces trying to carry out the orders of an c0rrupt sea Nile turd…. And then that same man “forgets” the sacrifice… excuse me if I think we’re discussing and investing time into ridiculous things.

[@WiddleWeeWee]

Absolutely a breakthrough. It’s what I call the grape seeds that gave us apples. A long time ago a theory popped up on origins of matter and it’s diversity and it had to be that it was not made that way but destined to be. Like a seed used to pull pure quartz or silicon . Amazing news and it potential to reveal another assumption/theory that dark matter isn’t a one size fits all but it’s as unique and the midway point for unexplainable inconsistency in the imbalance with certain particles ratio within the known universe as well as the purpose of reservoir of materials perhaps yet not introduced in our timeline yet .

[@m4rvinmartian]

*"The Science is Settled"* *"New Physics"*

[@christopherbrice5473]

The king is dead.

[@VainerCactus0]

If someone says the science is settled, you need to follow the money, not the science.

[@bleack8701]

Long live the new king ​@@christopherbrice5473

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

@@VainerCactus0 So if someone says "the science is settled on the question if the Earth is flat", you think we have to follow the money? Seriously?

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

Err, no physicist ever said that the science is settled about neutrino physics.

[@pyr3x849]

I absolutely love Gallium! It's one of the coolest metals to play with!

[@relativity6511]

Anton's delivery is outstanding

[@FrancisFjordCupola]

Put the sample in the mass-spectrometer, Gordon!

[@singinginthedark2786]

seems like a simple explanation to me, that is if you are wording things correctly, if a neutrino is in a constant state of superposition, then it is a electron, a proton and nothing, all at once, so the missing numbers are from the neutrinos that pass while they are nothing. if it can exist in superposition then it can exist in a state of inactivity. think about it, it can be a electron which is negatively charged and a proton that in positively charged, then it can exist with a neutral charge as well as no charge at all. that is what superposition mean in the end, just like in the double slit experiments, it is all based on the act of perceiving the neutrino and the observer measuring it. by measuring it you are changing its state

[@soundsoflife9549]

Has the gallium got some properties that can make neutrinos prefer a particular state?

[@DocSanders]

I completely concur on the whole issue of “new psychics,” since over the last 40 years I have had to look at these anomalies as, in effect, painting yourself into a corner. Or, the mathematical equivalent to a “you can’t get there from here” problem. Bottom line is that there is so much we still don’t know and, perhaps, will never know if we quit asking “WHY?” StayWonderful.

[@reppich1]

SAGE was a critical clue in the to my 90s work in Cosmology. This same experiment needs to be run with Mercury. What we will find is that solar cores are 'cold' and Time-Curvature is higher than assumed. Dark Matter is a broad category. Something you get from entangled pairs existing in radically different curvatures. Thus they are mass unable to interact with it's surroundings, because one is in a near locked state relative to our observations.

[@Chesterton7]

Fascinating summary, vaguely understood. Thanks.

[@christophas]

I really liked how you explained this topic. You managed really well to lead ones train of thoughts. You dropped the word "sterile" explaining the BEST experiment but it didn't rang a bell yet. But shortly before you mentioned sterile neutrinos, I sat here thinking "wtf - it's sterile neutrinos" and my eyes grew bigger. I was really happy when you confirmed my "insight". Great teaching! :)

[@ciprianpopa1503]

You dragged us through mud with this explanation.

[@christian_1701]

You guys know exactly what this discovery means! 🙏🏻

[@paolabolognese3530]

Amazing! Very good informative video! 😊

[@jcinthemountains]

Thanks Anton! Have a great day!

[@StuffandThings_]

I really wonder if somehow the liquid phase of the metal is causing it to interact in unexpected ways, as absurd as that seems. For a liquid metal, you would have mobile ion cores in a mobile sea of electrons. For all we know, this causes neutrinos to act in unexpected ways. It would be pretty easy to rule out too, just freeze the gallium in a setup of the experiment (wouldn't have to be _that_ much colder to freeze it due to its moderate freezing temp) and see what happens. Would be a rather more mundane solution as opposed to unknown particles but still kinda interesting if neutrinos act weirdly with liquid metals.

[@JosePineda-cy6om]

Given the distances between nuclei, theoretically state shouldn't matter... but then, it's such an easy and cheap set up that i can't think of a reason NOT to do this experiment, if only to compare results

[@pjaworek6793]

Wow thanks for excellent explanation! This missing neutrino problem creeps me out for some reason.

[@zacattacx5637]

Man, your hair looks great

[@szpiegzkrainydeszczowcow8476]

Great content as always Anton! Thank you!

[@Khashayarissi-ob4yj]

With luck and more power to you. hoping for more videos.

[@charleshulsey3103]

That smile at the end 😂 Keep doing that, it's great 😁

[@jnhrtmn]

The Strong force kept them from having to theorize a reason why electric charge changes when crammed into a nucleus. Inventing fixes works in a crowd.

[@matthewsheeran]

It's funny: if 4 oscillating neutrino types 25% of the time in each state and the missing difference is -20-24% which is kinda suspicious or indicative IMO at least to a Baysian!

[@daviddelaney363]

Nice video discussion. Anomalies are where to focus for sure.

[@lukemckee9772]

Glad to see your still making videos, used to watch religiously great channel mate

[@nhorvath74]

In order for conservation of energy to hold, shouldn't neutrinos that change flavors with different masses also change their velocities as they do so?

[@skytron22]

No way we’re getting new physics before GTA VI

[@aquanano1]

We do not even need new physics, but rather more hair and bigger ...icks, if we have GTA VI.

[@riyaansheikh7470]

These physics better be in GTA 6

[@JohnAlbertRigali]

I’m so looking forward to the debates over the next proposal(s) to modify the Standard Model of particle physics.

[@falconadv1481]

Love this channel, thanks man!

[@joseywales6168]

SpaceEngine callout in the description???? LETS GOOOOO I love space engine

[@ghlscitel6714]

Neutrino-oscillations were discussed already in the late 19-7ties and experimentally confirmed in the 19-8ties.

[@jim.franklin]

Nice reporting Anton, thanks for another interesting, and intrigueing delve into the many physical mysteries we still have yet to solve. I love the fact that three seperate experiements came up with the same percentage anomaly, as statistically that is just not possible if the effects were anything but real effects. The lack of right handed neutrinoes has long been a mystery that has led many to suggest we are missing a number of fundamental particles from the "family tree", but I would raise a serious caution about linking any right handed particles to dark matter, we know dark matter appears to clump together, but there is no evidence suggesting any process that would cause any flavour of neutrino to behave in this way - we do not even know, for sure, what the mass is of neutrinoes! The problem lies with how neutrinos may acquire mass. Non zero neutrino mass is not possible without the existence of new fundamental fields, beyond those that are part of the Standard Model, we know virtually nothing about any of the particles that may be associated with them. They could be bosons , they could be fermions, they could be light or heavy, positively or negatively charged or they may be neutral -having no charge, they may experimentally accessible by methods we have yet to devise or they may be hopelessly out of reach with our current technology and understanding - they may be the key to understanding the full breadth of the standard model that we are currently missing, or they could be a rabbit hole that leads us nowhere helpful in resolving the standard model issues we clearly have. This is the neutrino mass puzzle. At its heart is the particle’s uniquely elusive nature, which is both the source of the problem and the main challenge in resolving it - so how this would impact the Gallium anomoly is a mystery and how it would impact the dark matter connundrum an even larger headache.

[@horseracingfreetips785]

The other 20% were cats, when they opened the chamber to count the Germanium atoms the cats vanished as per Heisenberg. Its a statistical anomaly from so few experiments. If they do the experiments a few thousand times the probability is that the cats will be there if they look 50% of the time.

[@TheMysticPete]

Always insightful

[@breakeverychain7]

Platinum is weird too. It is a pain killer. Yesterday my ring starting ringing very high pitch it was weird. Then a while later these ppl came to the house to steal something from the hard but they saw I was home… I’ve had a number of experiences from this metal.

[@soundsoflife9549]

Gallium is very good at playing dodge-ball. That's why it can liquefy at such a low temperature!

[@secretvoiceunlocked]

O dont usually like your videos but this is a great one. Gallium we can learn much

[@Null-ku1py]

thank you for sharing ❤

[@scoobysnax9787]

Wow, I have a piece of Gallium, never knew it was this amazing neutrino attractor. Although it is an amazing rock in my collection anyway, I value it even more now after this brilliant video. Thanks Anton, you are fantastic, I learn something everyday.

[@aquanano1]

Now you know that you have some Germanium isotope, too...

[@robertethanbowman]

The first place to look would be to confirm that Gallium converts to the exact degree to Germanium from solar neutrinos as much as the MODEL (not hard fact) says it does.

[@dogprowilhelm7630]

We are talking about neutrinos as left handed spin and not antineutrinos as right handed spin? Gallium is a superconducting too, why not repeat the same experiments at hyper low temperatures for more sensitivity. Great subject, Anton ❤

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

Huh? The experiment works by counting the Germanium atoms which are created when the neutrinos "hit" the Gallium nuclei. That Gallium is a superconductor at low temperature has precisely nothing to do with that.

[@76Starship]

I hereby nominate Anton for the Nobel Price in KZbin Physics.

[@bloodyorphan]

Love your work Anton, power too you M8!

[@RuneRelic]

If its a wave, and its a collective synchronisation, assuming a 2D planar representation in 3D space might be the problem. ie 3D Tetrahedral (4 flavours) rather than 2D triangulated (3 flavours) resonance. Especially if they are all simple variable expressions (modes), of a single entity. Perhaps the harmonics are not all resonant with the other waves that manifest as reality, in our domain of existance (Constructive vs Destructive Superposition). Basically, entities are built from and coalesce via mutual resonance, but not all of the constituent harmonics (identity) are resonant (compound constructive & destructive interference).