How Ion Pumps Work

[@makegaminggreatagain3907]

Even though I understood much of nothing you said and English is my first language I liked and subscribed any ways becasue it is a well presented video. The reason I am here is because I am looking at purchasing a ion operating water pump/res for a PC and wanted to get a little understanding and knowledge on how they work before I bought one. (I did watch the video once more to get a better understanding)

[@DjAm1200]

Luke White I currently have in my possession a 7003 +HV Diode Ion Pump Rebuilt. Don’t ask me how I have one. Just keep in mind I have absolutely no idea how this stuff works even after watching this video. I’ve never used or even got it out of the box it came with. If your interested in purchasing it off of me, make me an offer and we’ll go from there my friend.

[@teresashinkansen9402]

Edit; I found an explanation elsewhere, Ill put it on a reply. Greetings, I have some questions. How are the electrons produced? from my understanding under high vacuum, electrons cannot be emitted from a surface unless there is thermionic emission, photoelectric emission or field emission due very high electric fields for example produced from a sharp point, however I don't see any structure related to such effects on this pumps so how does the electrons are emitted? Thank you for reading my questions.

[@teresashinkansen9402]

"The working principle of this type of gauge is to generate a discharge between two metal electrodes (anode and cathode) by applying a DC high voltage. The discharge current is pressure dependent and serves as measurand [sic] for pressure. The lower measurement limit lies around 1 Pa, since at lower pressures the gas density is too low to generate enough charge carriers to maintain the discharge. To extend this limit, a magnetic field crossing the electrical field is used. This magnetic field greatly increases the path length of the electrons from cathode to anode, so that the electron can generate another electron by impacting on a gas molecule to maintain the discharge (Penning discharge). Owing to their higher mass the ions are only slightly affected in their trajectories by the magnetic field and travel directly to the cathode. Secondary electrons released when the ions hit the cathode (cathode sputtering) support the discharge." Excerpt from: Ultrahigh vacuum gauges K. Jousten Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 10587 Berlin, Germany

[@mousecat4696]

I used screw pump, rotary pump, Oil pump TMP etc.. but i've never heard about ion pump. But basically, it seems working as same like Kauffman ion beam source. It seems very simple to use (to mount on chamber) but couldn't be used longer than other high pressure pumps (coz of cathodes sputtered ion .. etc). By the way, im not good at english so, sorry for my poor english and thank you so much that you made such a nice presentation ;)

[@DBuilder1977]

very very VERY nice presentation!! THANKS

[@ritaserendip6537]

Am I right the magnetic field direction doesnt matter to an ion pump? Either field from left to right or from right to left will do the same thing?

[@frejk1]

Very nice presentation, I feel like I understand the topic after many years of confusion. :)

[@metalmatters]

What happens if your roughing pump cannot achieve those levels of vacuum (1x10^-4 Torr)? When does the system lose efficacy?

[@GammaVacuum]

Please contact us with your questions via our website www.gammavacuum.com for a response from an expert! thanks!

[@lishint8017]

Amazing presentation sir, Thank you

[@GammaVacuum]

You are most welcome

[@sahrishazam6888]

this video made pumps very interesting for me.

[@DarthBalle]

so where does the suction come from?

[@GammaVacuum]

Unlike typical pump high vacuum pumps, ion pumps only operate in molecular flow vacuum regions. There is no suction created by an ion pump - they only pump the gases that migrate to them. For a general description of molecular flow see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_molecular_flow

[@sourishbanerje]

Yes i think you just explained sputtering, and not the pumping action. as far as i know, the Ti atoms, which are knocked off by the O2 plasma, will deposit on the walls. then they will act as sites (or getters) for chemical reaction with air (H2, O2, N2, CO2 etc). as a result, the pressure will start decreasing, as more air molecules react with the gettering sites. this is essentially the pumping action. please correct me if something is wrong / missing ...

[@safam1828]

Thank you very much for this explanation, but I have some questions related to ion pumps, What is its ultimate pressure? - What limits its performance practically? - What type of system is it generally used on?

[@unounv]

Safa M ion pumps are best suited for UHV ultra high vacuum applications able to achieve ~10 -12 torr. Applications include such things as CVD/ALD Depo used in production of semiconductors.

[@lovephysics]

Awesome animation and explanation

[@xuanchen1174]

Why would a positively charged particle be created when electron hits the oxygen?

[@davidnelson1711]

How do you vacuum seal the wire going to the cylindrical anodes?

[@sto2779]

Good explanation, but I'm still confused of the purpose of it's "pumping" abilities, can this device create high vacuum? How does it create a high vacuum?

[@GammaVacuum]

Please contact us with your questions via our website www.gammavacuum.com for a response from an expert! thanks!

[@jeremymsnow]

Nice narration Tony!

[@welcome741]

Two questions - Older pumps that won't start, tapping with a wrench often gets them started. What is going on with the (plate?) to get the ionization going? What is the difference between a diode or triode pump? Thanks

[@GammaVacuum]

Please contact us with your questions via our website www.gammavacuum.com for a response from an expert! thanks!

[@MissJanina102]

Thank you for the very good explanation!

[@GammaVacuum]

Your welcome. Make sure you let us know of any questions you have. There is more information on our website too (www.gammavacuum.com).

[@hanneswahler8445]

I wonder if it could be used as a micro reactor in pigmentsproduction.

[@zamiul]

Amazing presentation!

[@gravity4606]

Do you use an electron filament to create the source of free electrons (like maybe thermal emission)?

[@mousecat4696]

Im not the uploader but in case of Kauffman ion beam source, (also use magnetized electrons to ionize neutral) it use tungsten filament to make thermal electron. So.. yeah it seems like using filament.

[@gravity4606]

@@mousecat4696, cool man thank you!

[@davemwangi05]

@@mousecat4696 magnetised electrons?

[@mousecat4696]

@@davemwangi05 my mistake, i meant confined electron by magnetic fields.

[@leonardpearlman4017]

I don't think so, I think this is where the high voltage comes in. I opened one of these once, it's very simple inside! I don't think there's any filament or any controller for that. In that kind of vacuum things will just light up at this high electrical pressure, I bet there's a visible glow discharge inside.

[@ahmedomar6806]

Is magnesem a vacuum material

[@arfarfa]

Thanks for the video. I have two doubts: 1. What are the anode cylinders made of? 2. If the air molecules can get into the pump, why can't the sputtered titanium go away?

[@lovephysics]

Anodes are generally made up of steel and cathodes of titanium or tantalum( for nobel gases)

[@davemwangi05]

air molecules can get into the pump because they're gas at room temperature. The sputtered titanium will cool off and deposit on surfaces. because it is solid at room temperature.

[@mislamnoorhussain8182]

No of rotation Geometric shape Light mass .. small pumping speed

[@นายจักรธรเดียวสุรินทร์]

good presentation

[@juncha2885]

Awesome! Which software did you use to make this video?

[@vadims8742]

What is 25 l/s (at 0:16)? I mean what does "l/s" mean.

[@Lunar0Strain]

Litres per second

[@vadims8742]

OK, but this is meaningful for fans, in my understanding. Here there are no fans. What [device] forces air to go into the pump? And how that flow is measured?

[@Lunar0Strain]

Air is not forced to go into the pump because at the intended pressure it can't be (a fan wouldn't work). But air will randomly enter the pump and the pump will remove it with some efficiency defined by the quality of the pump. This is the case for all pumps that work in molecular flow regimes (where air pressure is so low air molecules behave like individual particles instead of a continuum). You could measure this by tracking the pressure in a chamber when the pump is working. It should drop exponentially according to Pi*e^(-S*t/V). Where Pi is initial pressure, S is the pumping speed (in volume per time like we are talking about), V is the volume of the chamber and t is the time elapsed. This would work for any pump.

[@leonardpearlman4017]

@@vadims8742 Especially in the molecular "flow" regime, I think they molecules just go where they want, each molecule is an individual. But if one gets involved in the dynamic action inside the pump it might not emerge! Unless it's helium or something?

[@bbsoilchronicles1875]

Does ion pump pumps Helium ?

[@sachinsurya007]

Is this a sputter ion pump?

[@k0185123]

very amazing!!!!!!!!!! so incredible!!!

[@userxyz1863]

thanks sir

[@kopolojoyono]

okay, so the overall idea is to trap all gaseous phase molecules (N2, O2, CO2 etc) through irreversible chemical reactions. So three questions: 1, this means it better be used at circumstances where gas pressure is already very low, otherwise titanium would be quickly consumed, is that correct? and 2, what about other type of gases, such as inert gases, or because they are at negligible amount, we just ignore them? and 3, why titanium?

[@GammaVacuum]

Your summary is perfect. You did a great job answering your first question - pressures must be very low. Ion pumps are normally used in High, Ultra-High, and Extreme-High Vacuum (e-6 to e-12 mbar). At higher pressures, the Ti is consumed faster, but the main barrier is the high current used to keep ionizing gases. That current generates a lot of heat which can not dissipate in a vacuum very well. There are better pumps to use (like turbo pumps) for those higher pressure applications. Inert gases may be negligible in some applications, but often they are introduced to the process used in the vacuum (sputter depth profiling for example uses Argon). In those cases, we swap the Ti plate for Tantalum or change the Ti orientation. See our other video (Ion Pump Element Styles at kzbin.info/www/bejne/sJesfmqmaL2pndE) to see more. Titanium is used because it is very reactive with most gases. If you ever get the chance to grind or bead blast a piece of titanium, do it because it is like fireworks. A bright white light is easily seen - much brighter than what you would see with steel. Ti is also a getter for hydrogen. This means H2 readily gets adsorbed into the titanium between the Ti grains. Keep the questions coming!

[@kopolojoyono]

GammaVacuum thank you for the explicit answer! especially the chemistry knowledge about titanium. and by the way, this is the BEST video on youtube explaining ion pumps! so where are GammaVaccum pumps usually used? I'm working on electron microscopes and they use a couple of ion pumps, I don't know if you guys are involved in any of those EM parts.

[@GammaVacuum]

kopolojoyono Thanks for the kudos on the video. It is pretty basic, but it works to get the main points across. SEMs are a good example of ion pumps. We do work with a number of SEM manufacturers and certainly support any manufacturers pumps. To see a list of detailed applications, see page 2 our our printed document on ion pump operation (www.gammavacuum.com/files/7213/8737/7402/Gamma_Operation_v2.pdf). Historically we have worked with government labs across the world and have a really good installed base of pumps in that market. We used to be part of Physical Electronics (surface analysis company) and have lots of experience there too.

[@davemwangi05]

@@makegaminggreatagain3907 which one had you taken? Methamphetamine?

[@Cmm155junior]

great thanks :D

[@lovephysics]

I wish i cold have explanation of all bacche pumps like rotary vane, sliding vane, turno molecular...

[@PANZER7910]

But this device not for sputtering, where is the pumping mechanism?

[@leonardpearlman4017]

As he said, it IS sputtering, and that sputtered material can catch gas molecules! So that IS the pump.

[@mislamnoorhussain8182]

(BCanode cylinderCB)

[@whatthefunction9140]

so this is how my dust buster works

[@HansGuo26]

give you a free "acclaim"

[@whatthefunction9140]

high Flux marshmallows