CALB (Candida antarctica lipase B) is a widely used enzyme for various biocatalytic transformations, including acetylation reactions. *Acetylation Reaction:* CALB catalyzes the acetylation of alcohols using acetic anhydride or vinyl acetate as acyl donors. *Stereoselectivity:* CALB exhibits excellent stereoselectivity in acetylation reactions, particularly for: 1. Secondary alcohols: CALB favors the acetylation of (R)-alcohols over (S)-alcohols. 2. Diols: CALB selectively acetylates one hydroxyl group, depending on the substrate's stereochemistry. *Factors Influencing Stereoselectivity:* 1. Substrate structure and flexibility 2. Enzyme-substrate interactions 3. Reaction conditions (temperature, solvent, pH) 4. Acyl donor used *Examples of CALB-Catalyzed Acetylation:* 1. (R)-2-Phenyl-1-propanol: 99% ee (enantiomeric excess) 2. (R)-2-Methyl-1-pentanol: 95% ee 3. (S)-2-Hydroxymethyl-1-phenylethanol: 90% ee *Advantages:* 1. High stereoselectivity 2. Mild reaction conditions 3. Environmentally friendly (biocatalysis) 4. Reduced side products *Limitations:* 1. Substrate specificity 2. Enzyme inhibition by certain compounds 3. Reaction rates can be slow *Applications:* 1. Pharmaceutical synthesis (chiral intermediates) 2. Fine chemical synthesis 3. Cosmetic industry (chiral fragrances) 4. Agrochemical synthesis *Related Enzymes:* 1. PPL (Porcine pancreatic lipase) 2. Amano lipase 3. Novozym 435 #venusacademy #devara
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GATE Chemistry (CY) - Google App (Free): sites.google.com/site/venuschemistryacademy/exams/gate-barc ☑ 2024 GATE - Chemistry (CY) : kzbin.info/www/bejne/h5CyqJ2Bd5WAgbs PDF Download with solutions: drive.google.com/file/d/1knDgK71lh2_cz0lpityz2kSIO_WkjV4F/view ☑ 2023 GATE - Chemistry (CY) : kzbin.info/www/bejne/a5ybg2Ojbrlpnrc PDF Download with solutions: drive.google.com/file/d/1_XwOPgjUqWZlWtZeT-GTcMq4GEjG7i15/view?usp=sharing ☑ 2022 GATE - Chemistry (CY) : kzbin.info/www/bejne/j4utZKOphNCEgbs PDF Download with solutions: drive.google.com/file/d/1pyJ9JEDCnn1SJxJDR5GnPoC-FmJwBVha/view?usp=sharing ☑ 2021 GATE - Chemistry (CY) : kzbin.info/www/bejne/jKepooaCpbJ8n6ssi=Qz0EP6UnKVP_VpCa PDF Download with solutions: drive.google.com/file/d/1RkfG5kANp1G1xO9k1ugPjjGN3asJXHbb/view?usp=sharing ☑ 2020 GATE - Chemistry (CY) : kzbin.infomMG9RctnmAc?si=NqXu5WfBOhqcei5D @VenusAcademy 🙏Please Subscribe, Like & Share Venus Academy 😒🤪🤤
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Preparing for the GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) in Chemistry can be challenging, and many aspirants make common mistakes that can hinder their performance. Here are some key mistakes to avoid: 1. **Neglecting the Syllabus**: Failing to thoroughly understand the GATE syllabus can lead to wasted time on irrelevant topics. Focus on the specified subjects and prioritize them. 2. **Inadequate Conceptual Clarity**: Relying solely on memorization without grasping the underlying concepts can be detrimental. Make sure you understand the principles behind the reactions and phenomena. 3. **Ignoring Previous Years' Papers**: Not solving past GATE papers can lead to unawareness of the exam pattern and types of questions asked. Regularly practice these papers to familiarize yourself. 4. **Poor Time Management**: Mismanaging study time can lead to last-minute cramming. Create a realistic study schedule that allows for thorough coverage of all topics. 5. **Skipping Numerical Problems**: Chemistry often involves calculations. Neglecting numerical problems can weaken your chances, especially since they are a significant part of the exam. 6. **Not Taking Mock Tests**: Avoiding mock tests can prevent you from assessing your preparation and identifying weak areas. Regularly take timed mock tests to build exam stamina. 7. **Underestimating Physical Chemistry**: Physical chemistry can be challenging but is crucial for the GATE exam. Ensure you allocate sufficient time to master this subject. 8. **Overlooking Revision**: Failing to revise regularly can lead to forgetting key concepts. Schedule periodic revision sessions to reinforce what you've learned. 9. **Ignoring Resources**: Relying on a single textbook or resource can limit your understanding. Use a variety of study materials, including online resources, videos, and reference books. 10. **Lack of Healthy Study Habits**: Skipping meals, neglecting sleep, or over-studying can affect your focus and retention. Maintain a balanced lifestyle for optimal performance. 11. **Not Seeking Help**: Hesitating to ask for help when struggling with a topic can slow your progress. Join study groups or seek guidance from teachers and peers. 12. **Focusing on Theory Alone**: Balancing theoretical knowledge with practical applications is important. Engage with lab work and practical examples to enhance your understanding. By avoiding these mistakes, you can enhance your preparation and boost your chances of success in the GATE Chemistry exam. Good luck!
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Use Standard Textbooks Rely on standard textbooks for in-depth understanding. Books like: Physical Chemistry by Peter Atkins Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd Inorganic Chemistry by J.D. Lee Analytical Chemistry by Harris