General Nuclear Medicine Physics.

In this video you are going to learn details about Nuclear medicine.
===========
TIMESTAMPS
===========
👏Shout-out To -
Rui Compos - For Making This TimeStamps
CH Link: / @ruicampos8631
===========
Part I
00:00 Intro
00:14 Four Fundamental Forces
00:41 Bohr Atom Model
01:47 Nuclear Structure (iso-...)
03:07 Matter
05:22 Cool chart (# neutrons vs # protons)
10:06 Review
Part II
10:37 Nuclear Stability
11:27 Radioactivity
13:17 Half-lives
15:12 Isomeric Transition
18:22 Beta-minus decay
20:22 Beta plus decay
22:05 Electron Capture
23:59 Electron Binding Energy
26:01 Alpha Decay
26:42 Summary
Part III
27:26 Nuclear Medicine
27:42 Decay Scheme Diagram
28:07 Production
30:07 Radiopharmaceuticals
31:06 Ideal Characteristics
32:36 Localization
33:37 Technetium-99m
34:24 Technetium Generator
35:48 Transient and Secular Equilibrium
36:44 Imaging
37:44 Gamma Ray Detection
41:46 Photomultiplier Tube
41:51 Gamma Cameras
43:07 Nal Crystal detection efficiency (%) as a function of gamma ray energy (keV) and thickness (in) -- should be in SI though
44:57 Pulse Height Analysis
48:38 Collimators
51:45 Collimator Performance
54:38 Nuclear Medicine Images
55:47 SPECT
57:40 Clinical SPECT
59:17 PET
01:02:40 SPECT/CT and PET/CT
01:04:23 Generator
01:04:50 Radiochemical QC
01:05:08 Gamma Camera QC
01:05:35 Dose Calibrator in QC
01:06:14 Spatial Resolution
01:06:23 Contrast and Noise
01:06:47 Artifacts
=======================================
What is nuclear medicine?
Nuclear medicine is a specialized area of radiology that uses very small amounts of radioactive materials, or radiopharmaceuticals, to examine organ function and structure. Nuclear medicine imaging is a combination of many different disciplines. These include chemistry, physics, mathematics, computer technology, and medicine. This branch of radiology is often used to help diagnose and treat abnormalities very early in the progression of a disease, such as thyroid cancer.
Because X-rays pass through soft tissue, such as intestines, muscles, and blood vessels, these tissues are difficult to visualize on a standard X-ray, unless a contrast agent is used. This allows the tissue to be seen more clearly. Nuclear imaging enables visualization of organ and tissue structure as well as function. The extent to which a radiopharmaceutical is absorbed, or "taken up," by a particular organ or tissue may indicate the level of function of the organ or tissue being studied. Thus, diagnostic X-rays are used primarily to study anatomy. Nuclear imaging is used to study organ and tissue function.
A tiny amount of a radioactive substance is used during the procedure to assist in the exam. The radioactive substance, called a radionuclide (radiopharmaceutical or radioactive tracer), is absorbed by body tissue. Several different types of radionuclides are available. These include forms of the elements technetium, thallium, gallium, iodine, and xenon. The type of radionuclide used will depend on the type of study and the body part being studied.
After the radionuclide has been given and has collected in the body tissue under study, radiation will be given off. This radiation is detected by a radiation detector. The most common type of detector is the gamma camera. Digital signals are produced and stored by a computer when the gamma camera detects the radiation.
By measuring the behavior of the radionuclide in the body during a nuclear scan, the healthcare provider can assess and diagnose various conditions, such as tumors, infections, hematomas, organ enlargement, or cysts. A nuclear scan may also be used to assess organ function and blood circulation.
The areas where the radionuclide collects in greater amounts are called "hot spots." The areas that do not absorb the radionuclide and appear less bright on the scan image are referred to as "cold spots."
In planar imaging, the gamma camera remains stationary. The resulting images are two-dimensional (2D). Single photon emission computed tomography, or SPECT, produces axial "slices" of the organ in question because the gamma camera rotates around the patient. These slices are similar to those performed by a CT scan. In certain instances, such as PET scans, three-dimensional (3D) images can be performed using the SPECT data.

Scans are used to diagnose many medical conditions and diseases. Some of the more common tests include the following:
Renal scans. These are used to examine the kidneys and to find any abnormalities. These include abnormal function or obstruction of the renal blood flow.
Thyroid scans. These are used to evaluate thyroid function or to better evaluate a thyroid nodule or mass.
Bone scans. These are used to evaluate any degenerative and/or arthritic changes in the joints, to find bone diseases and tumors, and/or to determine the cause of bone pain or inflammation.

[@medlabscientists8948]

Nice

[@sambobellobayero9255]

Good

[@gizachewbayleyegn4309]

thanks for your good justification

[@lostbutfound5414]

AMAZING LECTURE! Thank you!

[@ivangohome]

Fantastic!

[@voiceof9ja714]

Nice update

[@GeneralRadiology]

Thank

[@monicasenese2839]

Amazing lecture, Professor. I got through physics graduate school because of your videos!

[@ruicampos8631]

Timestamps: Part I 00:00 Intro 00:14 Four Fundamental Forces 00:41 Bohr Atom Model 01:47 Nuclear Structure (iso-...) 03:07 Matter 05:22 Cool chart (# neutrons vs # protons) 10:06 Review Part II 10:37 Nuclear Stability 11:27 Radioactivity 13:17 Half-lives 15:12 Isomeric Transition 18:22 Beta-minus decay 20:22 Beta plus decay 22:05 Electron Capture 23:59 Electron Binding Energy 26:01 Alpha Decay 26:42 Summary Part III 27:26 Nuclear Medicine 27:42 Decay Scheme Diagram 28:07 Production 30:07 Radiopharmaceuticals 31:06 Ideal Characteristics 32:36 Localization 33:37 Technetium-99m 34:24 Technetium Generator 35:48 Transient and Secular Equilibrium 36:44 Imaging 37:44 Gamma Ray Detection 41:46 Photomultiplier Tube 41:51 Gamma Cameras 43:07 Nal Crystal detection efficiency (%) as a function of gamma ray energy (keV) and thickness (in) -- should be in SI though 44:57 Pulse Height Analysis 48:38 Collimators 51:45 Collimator Performance 54:38 Nuclear Medicine Images 55:47 SPECT 57:40 Clinical SPECT 59:17 PET 01:02:40 SPECT/CT and PET/CT 01:04:23 Generator 01:04:50 Radiochemical QC 01:05:08 Gamma Camera QC 01:05:35 Dose Calibrator in QC 01:06:14 Spatial Resolution 01:06:23 Contrast and Noise 01:06:47 Artifacts

[@GeneralRadiology]

You are very welcome my brother I saw in your comment how much you support my channel, I am really appreciated, happy and I am really grateful to you for making this nice and wonderful " Timestamps:" Thank you so much and please continue to support my channel This TIMESTAMPS is shootout by you ( Rui compos ) chech it out in my video description. Here is my whatsapp number [phone] if possible text me so we chart.

[@nirwansendraperiera2043]

❤️❤️ thank u

[@sudhakarreddy1453]

Excellent sir

[@yephone6486]

So much thanks. You give us a great help in understanding physics.

[@GeneralRadiology]

Enjoy my youtube channel by subscribing, like and share this youtube channel Thank you

[@bestoffootballers465]

Great👍👏😊

[@yanusaumar1288]

Thanks

[@successfulpeople9745]

Thank you so much 🥰

[@mohannedhassan7594]

Great !!

[@GeneralRadiology]

Tnx

[@asmabadawy971]

Thank you ❤

[@mustafabhat4796]

Great content evaluation sir. Thanks for such an explanation.

[@GeneralRadiology]

Tnx

[@umaryanusa5248]

Good video

[@novelynaagra7951]

God bless! This is a great help for us, student especially that we’re having our classes online. Limited discussion

[@GeneralRadiology]

Thank you for watching, if you benefit from this video, please subscribe and hit the bell icon to get our weekly post notification.

[@iamsaygo]

Hi Novelyn! I hope this finds you well 😊 I’m attending online classes for Nuc Med also. How did it go for you?

[@amritasaini6901]

Excellent 🌸

[@GeneralRadiology]

Thank you for watching Let us share whatsapp number so that I can send you some PDF

[@nirwansendraperiera2043]

💖💖💖💖💖💖 thank you ❤️

[@darshanilakmali3523]

❤️

[@nirwansendraperiera2043]

😁😁 thank you so much 🥰. Nuclear medicine is just so unfamiliar to me hehem 💜

[@fatimawahab2834]

Excellent sir want to listen about MRI as well

[@GeneralRadiology]

MRI lecture will be coming to you very soon, I am now prepare to deliver some lectures on MRI and CT scan

[@skeletopedia3122]

Thanks for the great talk! Physics is very under and poorly taught in programs.

[@kerryl565]

A minor error I noticed: at 26:45 the table listed gets the neutrino - antineutrino products mixed up for the beta decays: beta minus should produce an antineutrino, and beta plus should produce a neutrino

[@GeneralRadiology]

Thank you for this correct You are always welcome

[@abbakar3841]

Update

[@NNCCCC63]

You are a god among lecturers. why the 360p ?

[@GeneralRadiology]

In the next video I will surely upload it with highest possible quality of 1080p

[@pradipadhikari9216]

Where can we get those slides?

[@rupalishakya1651]

Sir please explain in hindi mix

[@borisbellone5833]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/infMZpWCp8d1gJY una radiografia con la pechblenda di marie curie

[@fatihyesil5590]

How to get 37th annual radiology course document as pdf or ppt?

[@GeneralRadiology]

I am yet create wepsite to upload the documents but if you really need them you can send me your whatsapp number so I shall share you the ppt. Thank you for watching, have a nice day🙏🙏

[@mohannedhassan7594]

@@GeneralRadiology I need the documents if you may..

[@NormReitzel]

Get to the pernt, Edith...

[@smartnursingclasses1503]

Goof

[@sadiqilah8862]

Nice

[@mr.indiana3313]

Good

[@bashirsirajo3155]

Nice update

[@GeneralRadiology]

Thank you

[@aliyualiyugandi6217]

Nice

[@mustaphaabubakar9322]

Good

[@abubakarmustapha9171]

Good

[@gazaliiliyasu9989]

Good

[@abubakarmustapha9989]

Good

[@indiahausatv2552]

Nice

[@GeneralRadiology]

Tnx

[@aboukhaleesathaboumuhammad8931]

Good

[@GeneralRadiology]

Thank you for watching

[@Eludinium]

Nice