What Are The World's Oldest Borders?

[@General.Knowledge]

What other borders should I have included in the video?

[@swedishmistercool]

General Knowledge now thats a question

[@puderkman]

Norwegian-Swedish border. (Same border in both Denmark-Norway and Sweden-Norway).

[@Hendricus56]

Maybe borders of states inside countries. Some borders in Northern Germany are basically the same for centuries, the only thing is, that the states that end and start there changed a lot. For example, from duchies to federal states (who were still duchies) in the empire, Gauen in the 3rd Reich and then federal states in the west and districts in the east

[@amcodd]

The border between urmomastan and Urdadastan

[@TheTattieShaw]

Maybe mention your discord server Link is in the description for anyone who want to join

[@thomasfriesejr.9198]

I just want to say how much I appreciate the fact that you talk about the limitations of historical study, and that there's no way to know with 100% certainty that these answers are factually accurate. It bothers me to no end how certain historians can be about certain facts which are based on historical perspectives and best estimates. It's important to remember that the scientific integrity of history is limited when our sources are imperfect.

[@julianshepherd2038]

This is entertainment not real history

[@actionman4520]

Just to help you out with this...old borders (thousands of years ago) were almost always decided on geographical positions (landscape).Such as rivers,lakes,hills,mountains,deserts etc.Many countries even nowdays have such borders if you look closely.

[@julianshepherd2038]

@@actionman4520 or a band of no mans land like the one between England and Scotland. Countries altered endlessly depending on famine disease and war.

[@tboolah1]

My dear it’s not only about historical studies, it applies to all sciences 🙂 as they said “the knowledge of today is the yesterday myth” so be open minded ✨

[@lukasr1166]

uvuvwevwevwe onyetenyevwe ugwemubwem ossas

[@SupremeLeaderKimJong-un]

General Knowledge: Chinese-Korean border Me: :) General Knowledge: Shows South Korean flag Me: :(

[@jamiebarba5701]

I see everywhere on KZbin.

[@SleetSzn]

Hail communism

[@tonieja6908]

@@SleetSzn A można jak najbardziej, jeszcze jak!

[@dr.kj10]

Jamie Barba same lol

[@tonieja6908]

@@dr.kj10 plus one

[@DeWaltDisney]

Monaco's borders have changed since 1297, they once extended as far as Menton and Garavan in the east and Monti, north of those two towns. Something like 95% of Monaco's territory seceded from the state in 1848 due to high taxes on Lemon exports. (Menton is the lemon capital of Europe, or the Shelbyville of France) Plus Monaco was conquered by France after the revolution, for about 20 years (1793-1814) 1861 was the real recognition of Monaco, as we know it today.

[@sohopedeco]

Yeah, I was finding weird to have Monaco on that list.

[@BrianZoeu]

European lemon production: Spain 6'330.53 tons Turkey 4'770.00 tons Italy 2,768.23 tons Greece 1,243.77 tons Portugal 374.41tons Cyprus 80.57 tons France 78.86 tons. Menton is the capital of what?

[@sualtam9509]

@@BrianZoeu I've heard that when Menton has it's traditiona lemon festival, they have to import lemons from Spain to make their harvest look lesss pathetic.

[@camilleseguin2051]

@@BrianZoeu I think he mean that menton WAS the capital of lemon (or at least an important production site). It is no longer one since long time ago...

[@julianshepherd2038]

Monaco is a tax dodge not a country

[@fabiansaerve]

As a German: Well, thats not our game

[@CmdrUD87]

Well, what is today the German-Dutch border is actually pretty old

[@Aaron19987]

No, your game is expanding your borders

[@cpt.flamer7184]

Hello, my German friend, i'm Polish and our present border is propably the longest lasting in our history ;p And it's pretty close to original border from 1000 years ago, when slavic tribs formed Poland, so i guess it's a pretty good border, how do you think? ;p This constantly changing border between our countries shows how idea of nation was forming, because not that long time ago there wasn't such thing as nation, people were subjects to particular king, for example Gdańsk/Danzig was the biggest city in Poland in 16th century and it was loyal to Polish king, but majority of city were German speakers, in fact it was the biggest aggregation of German speakers in whole world at the time ;p or Poznań/Posen, for period of time it was German city with Polish majority, but it worked like regular German city. In mountain area there were villages where lived people who spoke German and cultivated German culture, but considered theirselves as Poles and it was completly normal at the time. So wars were game of Kings and Nobles, common people didn't really care if they were in Poland or Germany as long as they had a good life and they could speak language they want to and cultivate culture they want to. Problems start when authority try to change their cultural identity by force or treat some ethnic group as worse than other. We fought for 1000 years but people of our countries were in relatively good relations. Until big national movements of 19th century came and people stared to evaluate other people by their nationality, it brought war from kingdom vs kingdom to people vs people, which in fact mean total war. Today we still have some argues on diplomatic level, but on human level we are good i guess.

[@goncaloaraujo6644]

As a portuguese: That’s our game

[@moraien3278]

@@cpt.flamer7184 Well spoken, dear polish Neighbour. 😊 There are so many germans with polish Lastname here. An indication that we are all mixed. I'm happy that there are no border and teritorial questions to worry about any more. Greetings and love from Germany

[@snbeast9545]

Ah yes, Napoleon III, my favorite 17th century ruler!

[@Co2Hydro]

That's the joke, he got the century wrong.

[@urosboskovic3300]

2

[@Efwin197]

I got the joke

[@hamidazaman4378]

Noice joke

[@rrkbailey1]

China says, get back in the basement

[@eli.336]

Balkan borders be like: im a newborn.

[@gorila987k]

Serbian-Bosnian border on Drina river dates back to the split of the Roman empire. It divides Serbian people and it shouldn't exist, but it is a border and is the oldest.

[@Adem-gz4uh]

Goran Kostic it divides serbian people💀💀💀

[@mehostein517]

@@gorila987k wdym by "it divides Serbian people"?

[@gorila987k]

@@mehostein517 ništa ništa, pravimo se ludi...

[@mehostein517]

@@gorila987k da takodjer mozemo zanemariti sandzak, kosovo i vojvodinu... al dobro

[@tinyupes]

5:20 Swiss flag: is a rectangle **Angry Swiss noises**

[@General.Knowledge]

Sorry!

[@RandMantearTheDragon]

Swiss flag should be a rectangul

[@FezEmerald]

RandMantearTheDragon why?

[@RandMantearTheDragon]

@@FezEmerald one compatibility. Two squares are for losers. Three Its currently looks ungainly.

[@nietname2468]

@@RandMantearTheDragon no, it is that way for specific reasons.

[@cerfreferf6600]

Poland: Next question please.

[@TheTattieShaw]

Join his discord and suggest this there link in the description

[@jakubsierota473]

Actually, today's polish border remians unchanged since 1945. BUT Before that, during the Second Commonwealth period (1918 - 1939) it changed it's borders like 6 times: -Versal Theaty gave us Greater Poland and Eastern Pomerania, -Silesian Uprising gave us Upper Sliesia, -Soviet War in 1920 gave us Wołyń (todays Belarus and Western Ukraine) -there were 2 plebiscites over Poland and Germany, around Silesia, and Warmia-Mazury (East Prussia), we lost both of them -we had a conflict over Cieszyn Silesia with Czechoslovakia -in 1922 we conquered Middle Lithuania (with Vilnus) and kept it unitil 1939 -and more minor changes So yeah, this joke is true.

[@crazydragy4233]

@@jakubsierota473 Borders in Middle to East Europe are fun till they're not xd

[@maczetamaczeta189]

@@jakubsierota473 "in 2022 we occupied Middle Lithuania, including Vilnus" Man, you better correct it ASAP ;)

[@crazydragy4233]

@@maczetamaczeta189 glfdsgkh i didnt even see that lmao, i do hope they correct it tho

[@danimarinrico2494]

Are you Portuguese? I did not expect that but it is always good to meet an Iberian brother Greetings from Spain!🇵🇹❤️🇪🇸

[@HOPEfullBoi01]

Your pfp is not symmetrical-

[@facistcat7988]

The good old times we dominated the world!

[@waltuh11121]

@@HOPEfullBoi01 neither yours

[@Yuki-kami]

Half of my Portugal half of ur spain

[@pyrokatarina]

he is portugese, he said it in one of his videos

[@Goluremi]

I would like to point out that the Gil Creator of this Channel does not respect Borders at all! He Stormed into a meeting of mine unannounced and then annexed it. How Dare You Sir! Just playin haha. Great stuff man! Great to Meet You!

[@syrianball1875]

Hii

[@T_Histori]

Quelle est la différence entre l'endiguement et l'encerclement pendant la guerre froide?

[@riccards]

@@T_Histori why did you just start talking French (idk if its really French, iam just guessing

[@kenanshora]

@@riccards yeah it is French:)

[@auritro3903]

Yp

[@valaroma81]

The borders in Central Europe are surprisingly ancient. We can start with the Czech Republic. The borders between the Czech Republic and Germany and Austria have not changed much perhaps for 900-1000 years. The borders between the Czech Republic and Silesia did not change too much either. The borders between the Czech lands of Moravia and Slovakia (for centuries as part of Hungary) have been basically the same since the Middle Ages. The borders of Austria and Slovakia (Hungary) are basically identical for perhaps at least 900 years. Slovakia (or Hungary) - Poland border in the Middle Ages has changed only minimally in the Middle Ages (Spiš region), in the 20th century in the Orava region, but there are sections that have not changed around 900 years. One might argue that these borders have shifted or disappeared for some time because they were a single state (for example, the Habsburg monarchy, Czechoslovakia), but the same can be said about the border between Lithuania and Russia). Yes, historically there have been some other states, but this is also true for Turkey, Iran and Iraq. The point is that the borders are hundreds of kilometers long today exactly where they were, say, 900 years ago.

[@xXdnerstxleXx]

The ones who changed probably the most are the edges of the Holy Roman Empire, the Russian border and the Polish border

[@JirkaGasik]

But Silesia was part of the lands of the Bohemian crown until 1742, and it is a big chunk of land. Plus, the lands were not that stable as you suggest. Just a brief glance at the territories subsumed under the Bohemian crown and the changes they underwent since the 13th century till 1742 will tell you this.

[@spvrivs]

Well, between the Czech crown lands and between them and their neighbours there were some minor transfers throughout the history, like the Duchy of Troppau, District of Glatz, Egerland, a piece of land under Mount Gross-Arber, Weitra land, Feldsberg/Valtice district. But the border which rests the most stable from 10th century, is the Czech-Slovak one. The most of history it was the border between the Holy Roman Empire and Hungary. There was only one interruption - 1948-1960 when it divided only districts, not lands. Only one cosmetic correction was effectuated in 1993, concerning few houses connected by road to Slovakia instead of Moravia.

[@spvrivs]

Plus the Slovak-Austrian border (but not Hungary-Austria - there's Burgenland which changed the state).

[@ThSkBj]

And some of the cultural borders in certain regions around europe hasn't really changed for the past 3000-5000 years.

[@tycondryus]

Actually, Monaco's current border dates from 1861 where it went from 24.5 km² to 2km² by selling off land east of the current territory to France. The money they got helped them kick-start Monte-Carlo's Casino (:

[@IronBahamut]

"The European countries were you can roam freely" Coronavirus: I'm going to end this man's whole career

[@hansheinrich958]

IronBahamut The virus doesn‘t care about closed borders. You can see the virus now everywhere.

[@pepeyufera97]

u need permis to go to the usa , and look at them hahaha

[@ruimenor7264]

Guess you are American. Guess also you are ending your state career faster than us XD

[@unknownaccount8898]

If the virus had borders it couldn't. Now you see, the virus is also in Americas and Africa. Europe was only the first one to get it, and will be the first one to solve.

[@zedantXiang]

@@unknownaccount8898 Europe first to solve... People in Italy going out on vacation and to our beach and people whitout mask everywhere would like to have a word whit you. China effective quaratine would also like to have a word whit you.

[@hannofranz7973]

Despite being a really old border, it is still astonishing about the French-Spanish border that you can still find so many traces of those times when the Aragonese crown had extended further north up to Carcassonne. The fact of finding Catalonian and Occitanian as local dialects/languages is also closely related to the close link to the Aragonese influence

[@JD-ln8rq]

Perpinyà (Perpignan in French) was a Catalan town in XVII century. It become french after the illegal Treaty of the Pirineus between the kings of France and of "Spain". Those mountains have never been a border for its inhabitants.

[@UkSapyy]

Makes sense, there a mountain range limiting access. Same concept for the English channel.

[@kaimvardas]

That Lithuanian-Russian borderline was established in 1923. The old border was fairly close, about 50km difference. However, the Latvia-Lithuania border is much older and remains more or less the same since 1200s. Back then, Livonia ruled over Latvia and Estonia, and many maps show the borderline was the same as it's now between Lithuania and Latvia. Crazy, having in mind all the wars that happened there...

[@gracjanlekston134]

0:03 ah yes, my favorite countries, the Baltic Republic, the Caspian Caliphate and the United States of the Great Lakes [Edit: Oh yes, how could I forget my favorite African country, The Victorian Democratic Republic & and the country with the most tragic history due to being sandwiched between Turkey and Russia, The Black Federation]

[@theperfectmix2]

Graceful Rival Lex you forgot the black sea

[@camacaron06]

Graceful Rival Lex What about the Black Republic

[@camacaron06]

Graceful Rival Lex Oh and The Victorian Republic in Africa.

[@gracjanlekston134]

@@camacaron06 Oh my bad

[@gracjanlekston134]

@@theperfectmix2 Fixed

[@Viviiii]

8:05 And what about Memel ?

[@dr.pepper7190]

and Poland annexin some of their territory

[@GeographyWorld]

@@dr.pepper7190 He meant the Russian Lithuanian border. Vilnius was annexed by Poland but isn't part of that border. Memel I do agree with though.

[@commentorbot3979]

Mabye he was talking about the rest of the border?

[@bn56would]

@@GeographyWorld He was talking about the Lithuania-Kaliningrad border.

[@ekvedrek]

*boneless* look at a map of europe thats the only one

[@SebHaarfagre]

_The Russo-Norwegian border:_ A march by agreement between Norway and Novgorod in 1326 and surveyed and further treatied in the early 1800's. Whether it should be included (it's much more consistent than the Scottish-English border, for instance), it is regardless the longest unchanged border for Russia today. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway-Russia_border There has never been any fighting over the border, and an agreement has basically been in place since a sovereign nation first set foot/colonized the area. Norwegian fishermen were indeed the first to have permanent settlements on Kola, but (with exception of a later treaty which was abandoned under the Soviet Union) it was later predominantly settled by "Russian" natives (called Pomors iirc).

[@Dedicated_Loomer]

SebSk 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

[@KaotikBOOO]

The Norwegian border didn't really change but the Russian did, from Finland independence after the Russian revolution to WW2, Finland had actually an access to the sea in the north and Norway and Russia didn't had a common border during this time span

[@werewolf3948]

Note about the Russian-Lithuanian border: After WW1, Lithuania took a swathe of land from East Prussia(now Kaliningrad). So it would have been established in 1919.

[@julian-0712]

yeah Memel

[@A_Pro_Fuze]

It was retaken before ww2 by germany

[@LAXTXL]

You are right with the northern border along the Memel / Neman river. This border was established in 1919. But, I think in this video he speaks about the eastern border line between the Memel / Neman river and the polish border line. This border was established in 1422 and is still the same today. The funny think about this is, that the country switched the side of the border. When you go 110 Years in the past, Russia was on the east side of this border and today Russia is on the west side of this border.

[@caciliawhy5195]

And now Kaliningrad belongs to Russia since 1945.

[@erynn9968]

I think what's important here is the borders' unchanged shape through time, not the borders' continuous presence, with all the border control never leaving this border etc... It would be still remarkable if the border that existed 2k years ago would reappear in its 100% identical shape in modern times - still it would be the world's oldest border.

[@TrippyVerse]

General Knowledge, não sabia que eras Português :o parabéns pelo trabalho! sem duvida o melhor canal Português de cultura geral / história / geografia! Grande trabalho

[@Argacyan]

8:10 I wonder how Memelland could slip by during the editing process of this.

[@Argacyan]

@Gamer the names on the map here in the video are pixulated anyhow, you need to use Google. Use the search terms "Memel" or "Memelland".

[@heldersilva6672]

Memelland -> Land of internet memes?!.. 😮

[@TwistedEgg]

@@heldersilva6672 Its called Klaipeda now

[@TwistedEgg]

Sadly no

[@noone8958]

The region that make the finest meme

[@tinyupes]

I can tell you're finding it hard to pronounce those names

[@General.Knowledge]

Those Italian towns took a few takes

[@ZuGa1384]

​@@General.Knowledge Italian pronunciation shouldn't be difficult for you. You just have to know a few rules: 1.- double consonants sound separate, for example: bello [bel-lo], pizza [pitz-tza]; 2.- "g" + "n" makes the sound "nh" in Portuguese or "ñ" in Spanish; 3.- "che" and "chi" make the sound "ke" and "ki" respectively; 4.- "r" is a soft sound made with the tip of the tongue touching the palate and in "double r" you make a strong "r" rolling the tongue, as well the words that begin with" r "are pronounced as "double r".

[@Fabian-wx6gw]

@@General.Knowledge dude you literally murdered the korean names xD

[@Peasmouldia]

@@Fabian-wx6gw Bit fast and loose with the word literally there bud. I'm sure your right with the butchering bit though.....

[@JordiBabot]

Foix is a catalan word and it's pronounced different too. More or less like "Fosh".

[@leitinho4851]

11:29 "I wanted to include my own country" OMG YOURE PORTUGUESE, IM PORTUGUESE TOO :D

[@supersayonara2]

Dá pra entender logo por causa do sotaque

[@pipitameruje]

@@supersayonara2 Mais alguém consegue dizer Alcanises? Tinha de ser.

[@andrewstepanek8933]

I'm going to be honest, I was going to just skip through to see the list but I respected the fact that you shared the full list early on so much that I watched the entire video and really enjoyed it.

[@kubaj98]

Polish-Slovakia border hasn't changed (excluding a few hungarian cities rent in XVII century) since 1030s (although in this time it was Upper Hungary, not Slovakia)

[@eduarddurech5188]

They have, Poland has invaded Slovak-side towns since 1918 due to romanticism of the Tatras (even though Polish literally means people of the fields), and then in 1938 Poland, collaborating with Nazi Germany, invaded and annexed multiple villages, which are still under Poland until this day

[@laMoria]

4:20 it's not Napoleon the 3rd, but Louis XIV. Napoleon the 3rd reigned between 1852 and 1870, so two centuries later.

[@AdmiralBonetoPick]

Unless he means the minor changes and stone markers are what occurred under Napoleon III. But yes, it's not completely clear.

[@mysteriousDSF]

As a Hungarian I can rest you assured that our borders seen on the thumbnail aren't among the oldest in the world

[@xjonfer12494x]

Hearing your English accent i guessed it probably wasn't your native language but for some reason I never guessed Portuguese! I'm first generation American so I grew up speaking mixed Portuguese and English at home, I'd love to see a video in the future in Portuguese, because I can feel myself getting more and more out of practice.

[@timonheidema6837]

I love your disclaimer as to the inaccuracies. I'm a mapmaker myself, and I often have people criticize my maps or ask me how I can be sure... The thing is.. I can never be.

[@josemariabessone4796]

Agora faz muito mais sentido que as palavras em português sejam sempre ditas na perfeição. Muitos parabéns pelo canal!

[@Vanatice]

i honestly think spain is the real winner here, with all its land borders on this list

[@geograficmanodm1408]

Even Gibraltar, Ceuta & Melilla have old borders

[@behindthetruth5933]

Vanatice Portugal would be the real winner, considering it’s only border is on the list, considering Spain had a second younger one with France

[@washizukanorico]

So few land borders that Spain is almost an island, where the sea is not there you ve got mountains ... Spain is just like England in this regard

[@vitorsilveira560]

@@washizukanorico Spain as a country ist s very recent country. It doesn't count.

[@victoratz8858]

That’s not true cause Spain has changed their borders when Napoleon invaded Spain

[@TriviaNight]

Another great and interesting video! I didn't realize Andorra was that old.

[@elpaya7775]

Andorra was one of the numerous county's in the Hispanic Mark of Carlemany.The other county's unified in the kingdom of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia and the kingdom of Navarre

[@kenobi6257]

@@elpaya7775 They will understand you better if you call Charlemagne Charlemagne. Also, the Principality of Catalonia is an invention, the correct term is the County of Barcelona

[@rakiahbaker5589]

I kinda did

[@maxpuente6291]

@@kenobi6257 lol chico deberías buscar principado de cataluña en internet. Se usó para denominar todos los condados bajo dominio del de barcelona (el conde de Barcelona era el conde principal de la zona, principal=princeps=principado) desde el siglo XIII.

[@kenobi6257]

@@maxpuente6291 Cuidao que vino el experto. El principado de Cataluña no existió nunca, en todo caso se le llamó condados catalanes. El principado, por cierto, es Gerona, no Cataluña. Chico? 24 años y un grado en historia.

[@Bennicilline]

as far as i know (and as Wikipedia tells me) Monaco used to be larger until about 1860 when the villages of Menton and Roquebrunne were annexed by France/ceded by Monaco

[@GBOAC]

The villages opted to leave Monaco themselves

[@Bennicilline]

@@GBOAC yeah ok, but that was about 75% of Monaco at the time, so it was a mayor border change

[@Stressrelaxfree]

Although changed slightly, Wales-England border is still based on offas dyke, which was made in the 780s , 1200 years ago.

[@tomeullabres5288]

Andorra has had this border for a bit longer than since 1278. Andorra's borders were defined in 1133 when Urgel's bishop received those territories from Armengol VI. What changed in 1278 was just who ruled the country (Foix Count was added to the government alongside Urgel's bishop) but the borders were officially stablished in 1133.

[@limburgishmapping7166]

Didn't monaco used to own more territory in it's north, which it sold to France?

[@adrianzanoli]

Mentone and Roccabruna, annexed by Sardinia and sold to France.

[@ocudagledam]

Limburgish Mapping, funnily enough, I'm sure I was told the same thing by a guide in Monaco, when I passed through on a longer tour. It wasn't a local guide, though.

[@Tavoshel]

Monaco lost 90% of its territory, yes, but 95% of the current day border stayed the same

[@limburgishmapping7166]

@@Tavoshel Yes but the reason I asked is because General Knowledge said that they didn't chance at all since its founding.

[@Syl75]

@@adrianzanoli What? Not at all... Menton and Roquebrune declared their independence from Monaco in 1848-49 and voted to join France in 1860. Annexation ratified by a treaty between France and Monaco in 1861.

[@KnuxMaster368]

8:17 But the border isn’t the same Memel is a Lithuanian city today, while under the old borders it would be Russian today

[@ohm9114]

"Von der maas bis an die memel" Memel used to be Deutschland

[@avantelvsitania3359]

Since Portugal doesn’t recognize spanish sovereignty over Olivença, the border hasn’t technically changed. Real changes though are Ermesende, Salvaterra do Minho or São Félix dos Galegos.

[@cristinasousa1588]

Salvaterra do minho was once Portuguese? Are you sure? It is on the side of the Minho River, this river is a natural border here in this region.

[@andrebradbury4213]

Excelente vídeo! Não fazia ideia de que era português! Um grande abraço aqui do Brasil! 🇧🇷

[@unioneitaliana7107]

About San Marino : it was an enclave of the "pontiff states", the pontiff states disappeared during the Italian unification, made step by step (1859 north part; September 1860 central part; 1870 Southern part including Rome) . So they could border with Italy only when Italy was created in 1861.

[@brunomedeiros6795]

No idea you're Portuguese, well, excelente trabalho com o canal de KZbin, parabéns!!

[@Gonzo76Lx]

Já tinha visto outro vídeo, e fiquei com a pulga atrás da orelha, porque pronunciava muito bem nomes portugueses...

[@fabiomachado8432]

@@Gonzo76Lx ya

[@isidora5201]

my fluency in Spanish makes it somewhat easy to read this but not quite completely

[@fabiomachado8432]

@@isidora5201 a bit similar ye. We can easily understand Spanish

[@freemind360]

@@Gonzo76Lx Ei, sempre estas pulgas 🤣

[@tschetatsch]

Bulgarian-Wallachian (Romanian) border from vidin/Kalofat to Silistra/Ostrov is from foundation of Walachia thru Ottoman regions to today. It is old(older than some of your vid)

[@95acomal]

In 1812, France directly annexed Catalonia into her domain, drastically changing the Franco-Spanish border. While it did not last for long, it was a large territorial exchange.

[@MyFiddlePlayer]

True. But I think he said in his preamble that he is counting borders that may have changed in the meantime but currently reflect very old borders. I was kind of amused that he included the Scotland-England border, which was truly fluid for about 500 years due to lords who felt free to change sides (or pledge to both) depending on the local political or military situation.

[@sashegtv5647]

8:20 What’s about Memel’? It’s part of Lithuania now. BUT, Memel’ was territory which Antanta gave to Lithuania after *Versailles Peace Treaty* (1918). Third Reich took this territory after *Ultimatum of Lithuania* (1939). USSR gave Memel’ to Lithuania after *The Great Patriotic War* (1941-1945) or *The World War II* (1939-1945). What do you think about this?

[@ivarkich1543]

He is not speaking about Memelland (that makes the Northern border of Prussia-Kaliningrad), but about the Eastern border of Prussia (modern Kaliningrad) near to Kybartai town.

[@SirComsicion]

Thailand and Cambodia, or Thailand and "Burma". There were many wars that have had one overpower the other, but the geographical struggle between the three groups of people and the lands in-between their respective river systems end up on the same lines time and time again. Also it was really cool to know that the bishopric and count still retain their power in Andorra

[@rodrigojessen8686]

hahaha Já desconfiava que eras português desde os outros videos, porque sempre pronuncias-te muito bem as palavras portuguesas. Muito bom video!

[@tinyupes]

Please can you do a brief history of the Celtic nations?

[@TheTattieShaw]

Join his discord and suggest this there link in the description

[@GeographyWorld]

Yes. Dia Dhuit from Ireland!

[@archstanton6102]

7 Celtic nations

[@GeographyWorld]

@@archstanton6102 Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Cornwall, Brittany. Galicia and other parts of Northern Spain and Portugal are sometimes included even though they don't have Celtic languages.

[@archstanton6102]

@@GeographyWorld I though whole of Ireland was considered as one "Celtic Nation" as the divide is a relatively modern concept from 1929. There is a Celtic pub in Austin, Texas, with 7 flags outside of the 7 you mention. Not spanish/portugese apart from Galicia

[@devengeo9501]

6:13 you forgot about the German exclave in Switzerland named Büsingen am Hochrhein.

[@wernerhartmann3195]

The border arround Büsingen was established in the early 18. Century, as Austria give all villages in that region back to the canton Schaffhausen - without Büsingen. Comnent at that time: "Büsingen should be an austrian split in the body of Schaffhausen forever". Well, forever Austria? Today it's a part of Germany! The Last change in the swiss-german border was in 1967, as the enclave/exclave Verenahof was give from Germany to Switzerland.

[@kscman]

The Border between Belgium and France changed by accident resently! :D A farmer moved the Stone that marked the border between France and Belgium to be able to drive on his field with his new tractor by two meters. Because of that, France lost around 5 square kilometers. Few days later the Farmer had to put the Stone back to the old place to return the mistake, but it was the first change of this European Border for ages :D

[@JdeBP]

The Tim Traveller found out that pretty much everything in that account is bunkum and the result of bad journalism. kzbin.info/www/bejne/bpXHnalqbNlkqrM The landowner was not a farmer, did not move the stone, could not have driven a tractor where the stone was, and would not have redefined the border by moving the stone anyway.

[@user-hp6mt2hi8e]

oh look, Belgium actually invades France!

[@sotabaka]

@@user-hp6mt2hi8e nah ... probably they will blame the americans sinche irt was a JOHN DEERE tractoer or something like that :)

[@karelkovarik7771]

Czech-Bavarian + Czech-Saxon border (exept of Third Reich episode) are the same since somewhere 11th century.

[@freemind360]

Yes, but's not unchanged. Look 1:00

[@lewycraft]

Well in theory, Polish-Slovakian border remain nearly unchanged since 11th century

[@TheMAXIFOD]

Weren't the southern polish lands given to Austria-Hungary in 1795?

[@thaizsanches9103]

@@TheMAXIFOD they weren't given, they were taken

[@endy776]

Before the Partition of Poland, Poland had some land south of the Carpathians. Slovakia (Well, at that time Hapsburg Austria and before them - Hungary) had a couple villages that are today in Poland.

[@TheMAXIFOD]

@@thaizsanches9103 doesn't matter, it means the border hasn't been unchanged

[@anjulinoname4915]

Didn‘t he explain, that he was not talking about the year of establishment? I suppose, due to the fact that Poland was dissolved various times, this border does not qualify. Regarding Slovakia, wasn‘t Slovakia only been established in the 1990? Was there ever before an independent state of Slovakia?

[@niconclopez5624]

I just wanna say thank you for you content! There is so much effort in it. Love it❤️

[@RECAMPAIRE]

Just a little mistake for Monaco’s borders: before 1860 Monaco was bigger but when Nizza became French : the two cities in Monaco principality wanted to be French too : Menton and Roquebrune voted to be separated from Monaco because taxes was higher in Monaco! But in 1863 the prince open a casino in Monte-Carlo and he abolished all taxes in the principality of Monaco. This explain why borders changed at this date. Otherwise your videos are always interesting and very good!

[@fiendishrabbit8259]

Menton and Roquebrune "wanting to be french" is a bit of a euphemism for "France really wanted Menton and Roquerbrune". It was in the middle of the second french empire, and France was really hungry for incorporating any micro-states still within french borders. The prince of Monaco barely managed to retain his core city by turning Monaco into a sort of disneyland version of Paris, a popular tourist destination for wealthy (and politically influencial) parisians.

[@lolloblue9646]

Menton and Roquebrune had declared themselves free cities in 1848 and requested Sardinia's protection. They were de-facto administrated as part of the Division (and afterwards Province) of Nizza (using the Italian name because back then it was owned by the Italian-speaking Kingdom of Sardinia) for 12 years until they held a plebiscite. The Franco-Sardinian Plombières Agreement had Nizza and Savoy vote on whether to join France or not, and in Menton and Roquebrune both Sardinia and France heavily tried to press the population to vote for annexation

[@rrangwooo]

As a korean, it is kinda funny that non-Korean speaker read Korean. But you read it quite well, so that other korean could understand. Great video!

[@yovri]

While most of the Swiss-German border was unchanged major changes occurred in 1802 when Napoleon actually split some cities that lie along the Rhine river and gave the southern part to Switzerland. So the borders near Basel underwent a major change and the borders being old is only true for the eastern part

[@gpmscosta]

Bem me parecia que eras português, a tua pronúncia das palavras portuguesas neste vídeo, bem como no vídeo sobre a Marinha, eram demasiado perfeitas. De qualquer das formas, bom trabalho e continua assim, os vídeos são excelentes e dá para aprender imenso com eles. Um grande abraço para estes tempos que correm! Ainda não reparei se já falaste sobre esse tema ou não, mas um vídeo sobre o tratado de Tordesilhas e as mudanças constantes da linha que dividia o mundo seria um tópico interessante de abordar.

[@LoreIlMegio]

6:07 nah, they weren’t that minor changes, I mean on an absolute basis they were small, but Switzerland is generally speaking pretty small so, relatively to the size of the country those were remarkable changes...

[@leifkarlsson3739]

Great video! Friendly FYI: You missed the Sweden-Norway border which has been fixed since 1751. It is markt with over 200 numberd stone cains.

[@NotASummoner]

I thought it's been the border since 1660? Is it because it wasn't clearly defined before 1751?

[@gjh997]

Tears and laughs. What a legend. Brings out the emotions.

[@Simis999]

Well, I’m glad you mentioned Lithuania, but the current border goes with the Nemunas (Neman) river. The old one goes a bit more to the north.

[@guilhermelopes2876]

Não sabia que eras português. Muita força e obrigado por representares. Belo conteúdo. Abraços de Loures

[@romanboudier2296]

Cade nosso ouro

[@romanboudier2296]

To brincando cara

[@romanboudier2296]

Tchau boa noite

[@ThatVillain-the-Gamer]

Actually, San Marino is the oldest surviving country, lasting ever since Rome fell. It's border has never changed!

[@laff__8821]

Yes

[@oakewc]

So you are saying Pope Pius II didn't give Fiorentino, Montegiardino and Serravalle to San Marino in 1463?

[@Hendricus56]

11:46 The border that Tattie probably wants to be more in the South xD

[@TheTattieShaw]

We will just take it all

[@maciej_viking]

There was a small change in the Andorra-France border (Pas de la Cas) recently so that a bridge leading to a tunnel (Tunnel d'Envalira) could belong in whole to Andorra.

[@ilcampigiano5502]

The border between Italy and France changed in 1947 when Italy lost some territories on Alps as Briga, Tenda, Valle Stretta, Moncenisio. In 1974 France gave a little territory near Clavière to Italy

[@GeographyWorld]

Keep up the great informative videos! Maybe do the newest borders next. (Yes you mentioned it but it could make a video of its own)

[@TheTattieShaw]

Join his discord and suggest this there link in the description

[@sandu-vd7fi]

General Knowledge, I love your chanel. Success in continue!

[@General.Knowledge]

Thank you!

[@TheTattieShaw]

Join his discord server and you can help with ideas for new videos, chat with GK GK himself and other fans link in the description

[@sandu-vd7fi]

@Alex C , sunt din Republica Moldova.

[@sandu-vd7fi]

@Alex C , eu tot mă consider român. Republica Moldova este România.

[@suvinilcabecaxa]

Um detalhe... Quando apresentou a borda China/Coreia o melhor exemplo de bandeira deveria ser o da Coreia do Norte....

[@hulfe2514]

I love how on the first map less than 10 seconds into the video, The Baltic sea has already been drained and formed into its own country! Same goes for the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and also Lake Victoria!

[@ianprince1698]

the border in Ireland must count as a work in progress and is in different places depending on whom you ask

[@baconsir1159]

The comments: Memelland Me: Memeland?

[@assortedcapability4578]

You should make a video on the history of relationship's between Austria and Germany throughout the years

[@jonas22029]

Austrians are basically Germans, just with an own state and until 1945 it was seen like that (Same culture, language, same state/confederation until 1866). So ,,austrian-german relationship" are just a thing since 1945 or maybe 1871 with the German Empire and Austria-Hungary (Also they still saw themselves as Germans altogether)

[@assortedcapability4578]

@@jonas22029 Austrians and Germans are actually two different etnic groups. Austria has a different German alphabet but yeah sure

[@jonas22029]

@@assortedcapability4578 wtf no, I heard very often that those two are different nations but different ethnicity?! Even Dutch and German people aren't really different ethnicities

[@Whynot-jt8es]

@@jonas22029 yeah but the Austrians really really really hate to be called germans

[@o.-w.heinze1350]

@@Whynot-jt8es And they like to forget that Adolf H., was one of them....

[@UNKN0WN_1]

Hi, I think Polish Slovak border is older then all of these...

[@tiagoandrade6994]

Kinda of, but it chance a lot, specially in size

[@TheMAXIFOD]

When the PLC were devided, didn't the Austro-Hungarians take the polish lands north of Slovakia?

[@swordfishxd-]

Im Polish lol

[@joaosito68]

Só hoje percebi que és português apesar de ter vindo rever este vídeo. Para mim és de longe o nosso melhor "youtuber". Abraço e continuação de muito bom trabalho.

[@cineva420]

I just learned about borders in geography class yesterday

[@joaoramos9319]

Your own country!? Depois de tanto tempo a seguir o canal descobro que estamos por todo o lado de facto!!! Abraço ;)

[@user-cdf9fk2rqa]

the way hes pronouncing joseon is killing me 💀

[@bjrnh.1074]

The Norwegian-Swedish border should be on the list: It has stayed the same since 1660 (when Sweden had to return some of their occupied parts of Norway).

[@schiarazula]

MONACO Menton and Roquebrune-Cap-Martin belonged to Monaco until 1848, when they rebelled and asked to become part of the kingdom of Sardinia. Their territory was never formally annexed by the kingdom, but the two towns were treated as Sardinian territory in the plebiscite of 1860 and their population was asked whether it wanted to become French or remain Sardinian.

[@raquelmateo9623]

Hey I didn't know you were portuguese. Shout out from Spain, amigo. Eu adoro seus videos :)

[@larrylloco]

General Knowledge: “The Scottish-English border was established in 1237” The Hadrian’s Wall: “Am I a joke to you?”

[@lightfootpathfinder8218]

England and Scotland didn't exist during the time of Hadrian's wall. Plus it lies entirely in What is now England

[@ThundorLord]

Hadrains wall isnt on the border lol, it was on the old Brittanic border from the Roman Empire

[@lightfootpathfinder8218]

@@ThundorLord the most northern frontier of the Roman empire was actually the antonine wall which is roughly on a line between modern day Glasgow and Edinburgh. North of that line was Caledonia and south of it was Britannia

[@andyallan2909]

@@lightfootpathfinder8218 More recently than that, the Lake District was a part of Scotland.

[@lightfootpathfinder8218]

@@andyallan2909 it was part of the kingdom of Strathclyde the same as modern Dumfries and Galloway. It was attacked by both the kingdom of England and the kingdom of alba. Alba took the northern part of Strathclyde (Dumfries and Galloway) and England took the southern part (Cumbria). The lake District was part of the kingdom of Strathclyde but was never part of the kingdom of alba or Scotland. Also Edinburgh was once in England

[@rubenmartins1531]

Just like I suspected, you were pronouncing the Portuguese names too well lmao Good job with the video!

[@dexstewart2450]

You missed out Offa's Dyke, 796 CE, between England and Wales

[@giftbox2369]

The Principality of Monaco has had its current borders since 1848, until then the cities of Roccabruna and Menton were also part of the Principality.

[@ruidean72]

Another Talented Portuguese....

[@inactive859]

I like the German ww1 border even tho I'm from Lithuania and it had bits of my small contary

[@crazydragy4233]

I like the Prussian border more, theres just something about it

[@Feanorlike]

it’s the baltic shore that is charming :p it’s also cool in swedish blue lol (i’m not from sweden xD)

[@jonas22029]

Yeah, it's so smooth and I come from Germany myself so I would love it if my country still had those old territories of course ;)

[@crazydragy4233]

@@jonas22029 theres always next time ;)

[@jonas22029]

@@crazydragy4233 Maybe, we will see in the future..

[@flightplanaviation.]

Wasn’t hadrians wall very old which used to separate England and Scotland

[@Feanorlike]

Flight Plan Aviation it doesn’t separate nowadays england with scotland, it’s actually situated a bit more south than the border with scotland, and originally it separated roman britannia from the northern part and i don’t think it served as a border for any other entity after them, but again i am pretty sure that england nowadays border goes a bit beyond that wall so for sure the border it defined didn’t survive till today

[@flightplanaviation.]

Feanorlike oh thank you I didn’t realise they didn’t use it as a border I thought Scotland had built it, I’m not too good on history I live near the wall that s why thank you

[@saaversteen]

@@Feanorlike the border wasn't always north of hadrians wall. eg Penrith in the lake district used to be part of Scotland and is a fair bit south of the wall.

[@saaversteen]

@Hammer 001 If you're counting the furthest points invading armies reached then by your rationale Derby used to be in Scotland, Stalingrad used to be in Germany and Moscow used to be in France.

[@primeprover]

It is worth bearing in mind that river based borders will have changed at times. Rivers do tend to change path slightly (or more) over time.

[@robertab929]

Border between Poland and Slovakia was established around XI century. Slovakia was a part of Hungary then. There were minor changes around High Tatra region in XX century, but most of the border is the same. Also border between Belarus and Ukraine is much older than you described on the map. It was established during time of Polish-Lithuanian Kingdom in XVI century. Belarus was a part of Lithuania and Ukraine part of Poland.

[@mercdutch3950]

russian lithuanian border? the map you showed has memel on it. and memel swapped countries multiple times.

[@ivarkich1543]

He is not speaking about Memel, but the Eastern part of Prussia's border, near to Kybartai town.

[@welio.bezerra]

Já seguia o canal há muito tempo. Agora gosto mais ainda por saber que és português. Sou brasileiro. Rsrs 🇧🇷❤🇵🇹

[@britishguy7031]

🇬🇧❤🇦🇨🇦🇮🇦🇺🇦🇶🇧🇲🇨🇦🇧🇾🇨🇰🇨🇮🇫🇯🇫🇰🇪🇬🇪🇹🇭🇲🇬🇸🇮🇴🇲🇬🇲🇸🇳🇺🇳🇿🇵🇳🇹🇦🇸🇭🇹🇨🇸🇩🇹🇻🇻🇬🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿

[@romanboudier2296]

Coé br

[@torranirwin5516]

The borders between Scotland and England could have arguably been created by the romans when they built hadrians wall

[@guppy719]

Its also not really a national border since the 2 have been the same nation for a long time.

[@debbielough7754]

*Waves* as the English girl who grew up, like, 60 miles south of the Scottish / English border, but north of Hadrian's Wall.

[@lightfootpathfinder8218]

England and Scotland didn't exist at the time of Hadrian's wall. Plus Hadrian's wall lies entirely in what is now England

[@krunomrki]

Border between Croatia and Slovenia wasn't change since 12 th or 13th century. And todays borders of Croatia towards Bosna nad Hercegovina were established between 1699 and 1740.

[@enderboy4547]

I like that you are Portuguese, portugal is a nice country. I'm from Spain btw.

[@Armadeus]

scottish-english should've been number 1, allegedly it's 400 million years old and dates back to the days before human civilization. jay foreman did a video on this with his series called map men, check it out

[@KaotikBOOO]

Agreed, nothing says clear unchanged border more than a whole unlawful area changing allegiance all the time between 2 countries that aren't countries anymore for centuries Makes perfect sense! XD

[@markfoxwell2411]

maybe, although if we used those criteria, wouldn't there be other candidates of similar age or older?

[@alfenwick8402]

In Australia our traditional tribal lands have had defined known boundaries for over twenty thousand years . Boundaries that are still recognized today by all Australians through participation in welcome to and acknowledgement of country ceremonies held daily within these boundaries. link to map here aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/aiatsis-map-indigenous-australia

[@alexc.5105]

Perfect Portuguese prounciation

[@nunosousa9025]

Alex C. Ele é português

[@alexc.5105]

Nuno Sousa entao o seu ingles è perfeito ;)

[@allanturmaine5496]

Hadrian's wall puttin' in work for centuries. Nice.

[@dmfouge]

You’re from Portugal? Cool I’ve always wanted to go there Btw these videos are great! I love history/geography/country stuff