Countries That Moved Their Capital City

[@General.Knowledge]

Are there any other countries that changed their capital city?

[@asingh9121]

Burundi - bujumbura to gigete Sri lanka - colombo to sri jayavardenepura U missed them Edit-thanks for those likes

[@somethung8188]

You should have mentioned Iran. They have changed their capital more than any country in the world (32X)

[@crisbasinang4190]

The Philippines

[@keoni1608]

England

[@NicolásGarmendia]

@@asingh9121 Parece que les di idea a muchos. :)

[@jptrrs]

Fun fact: before Rio, in colonial times, the capital of Brazil was Salvador. Rio became the capital in 1763.

[@sanexpreso2944]

Yes

[@blxvkpxndx]

Yup, it’s was a slave port.

[@ianmeneses224]

Isso mesmo!

[@spartanmapping333]

Brasília is the modern capital tho

[@Gamirca]

@Abi Brown cool

[@Bangqiupedro]

Portugal actually changed to: - Guimarães - Coimbra - Lisboa - Angra do Heroísmo - Rio de Janeiro

[@easytiger6570]

Does provisional capitals count tho?

[@evis7184]

@Ino, it’s the same city, in Brazil

[@diogorodrigues747]

@I Yes, it is. Long story...

[@kicotoralles]

@I Yes, between 1808 and 1821 the capital of Portugal was in Brazil (in Rio de Janeiro). But, at that time, Brazil was part of Portugal. Brazilian independence took place 1 year after the capital's return to Lisbon, in 1822. This return was even one among several reasons for independence.

[@Bangqiupedro]

@I At the time it was in Portugal...

[@tobiwan001]

Fun fact: Germany‘s historic capital during the times of confederation was Frankfurt before the Prussian dominance meant Berlin would become capital. After WWII it was also a close call between Frankfurt and Bonn.

[@skeletalforce9673]

If I remember correctly they didn´t want to put it in Frankfurt because it would probably end up being a permanent capital, whereas Bonn was an insignificant city before so it would eventually be moved to Berlin.

[@tobiwan001]

@@skeletalforce9673 that was one reason but IMHO the even greater reason was that Bonn was a clean slate without much historic significance. Sort of a symbol of an entirely new republic.

[@janpf0624]

Thanks, guys, for the informations. This is why I like read descriptions and comments under the videos, hoping to learning something new.

[@umchen1192]

@@tobiwan001 another important reason was that... well all other cities were kinda bombed to death. Cologne was also up to debate, but it was destroyed. Bonn on the other hand remained fairly save, so it was decided to make Bonn the capital. (Also, the Bundeskanzler liked Bonn)

[@TheGeographyBible]

Fun fact: Italy, Rome is the only capital that has an enclave (Vatican City State). And both the Italian Embassy to Vatican and the Vatican Embassy to Italy is located in Rome, in Italian territory.

[@DMSProduktions]

Vatican 'state', like its 'church' is illegitimate!

[@thelegendofsoda]

@@DMSProduktions the Vatican State is in fact legitimate the countries recognize it kkkkkkkkkk

[@sebbo_h7121]

@@DMSProduktions no u

[@DMSProduktions]

@@sebbo_h7121 Excuse me? Me what?

[@DMSProduktions]

@@fairweather1704 WTF? Spam the islamospam!

[@rwoooshmeifurg7245]

"Every country has a capital" Switzerland: "hold my beer"

[@Forlfir]

Bern is the de facto capital. It's like some Americans saying the US doesn't have an official language even though English is the de facto one

[@Ash_Lawless]

​@@Forlfir no switerland does not have a capital, the congress is on bern specfically because it was a small city and not "more important" than any other state. and the united states offical language is offically english, not de facto. all product sold in the us is required to have labels printed in english therefore offical language. the two things you are comparing are tottally different.

[@jacksonfogo2]

@@Ash_Lawless you explained what "de facto" means with your argument. The United States does not have an official language, you can easily look this up even on official websites. And indeed, Bern isnt the capital, it is the de facto capital because it has reasons to be considered something similar to a capital even tho it isn't, officially. Like I said, you literally explained the definition of "de facto"

[@j.s.7335]

I agree. I think when we call Bern the capital, it's to fit Switzerland into a box.

[@jacksonfogo2]

@@j.s.7335 exactly, and along with Switzerland we also have Nauru, Nauru doesn't have a capital either but the international community considers Yaren as its capital since the seat of government is there, also a "de facto" capital. Again, I'm using internationally agreed terms here, not something "I think is true", it's a result of years of research I've been doing

[@sblack53]

Canada had temporary capitals in York (now Toronto), Kingston, and Montreal, before Queen Victoria moved the capital to the permanent home of Ottawa in 1857. It was probably chosen in part because it sat on the border of Upper and Lower Canada (now Ontario and Québec), but also was far enough away from the US border to be less vulnerable to attack.

[@tangkangrui]

And now it’s no other than the US who’s responsible for defending such attack lol

[@vladutcornel]

"Turkey moving capital is an historical example, let's focus on more recent changes" Later: "United States of America..."

[@Colonel_MaelRadec]

True 😂

[@sabzwariats6899]

Lol

[@v.k5417]

us is recent

[@simiaki12]

@@v.k5417 DC became the capital in 1790, Ankara in 1923

[@v.k5417]

@@simiaki12 well yeah i realize he is saying in comparison ankara is recent, but 1790 is not very old.

[@felipecosta3652]

brazilian here. there's another reason for the change of capital in 1960: they wanted to mitigate the pressure of the population when we protested. since there were a lot of people in rio, there were a lot of demonstrations right I'm front of the congress and presidential palace, which politicians wanted to get rid of.

[@General.Knowledge]

I didn't know that! Sounds like a logical reason, even if unfair towards the people who should be able to protest directly at the institutions that represent them

[@jacaredosvudu1638]

@@General.Knowledge in case u havent seen in another comment ,before Rio de Janeiro the capital of Brazil was Salvador only changing to Rio in 1791 or 93

[@jacaredosvudu1638]

1763*

[@randowdude6847]

@@General.Knowledge well i mean, nowadays there are massive protests in the in Brazilia still, when you build a city people follow, so if that was the mais reason, it was pretty dumb

[@TheCowardRobertFord]

@@randowdude6847 Yes, but besides the fact Brasília is still less than half the size of Rio, the way it was built- very spread, very unfriendly to pedestrians, etc, make harder to concentrate people in front of Congress and the presidential palace than it was in Rio. The subway also doesn't go to the Praça dos Três Poderes (Three Powers Square), and while they won't admit, it is to make harder for protesters.

[@Healthtalkwithdrmutiat]

Nigeria move is more recent that most you featured. In 1991 or 1992, Nigeria moved it's capital from Lagos to Abuja because Lagos was getting too crowded and Abuja was built in the center of the country to be more accessible to everyone.

[@KennyNGA]

Yeah

[@izarazmi1]

Malaysian here. We didn't "moved" our capital city from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya. We just added the 2nd capital city (like Bolivia, South Africa and some other countries too who have more than 1 capital city) The parliament, Royal Palace and some ministries offices are still in Kuala Lumpur, while Prime Minister's office, Palace of Justice (Judicial Court), and most of the ministries offices were moved to Putrajaya.

[@solosunbeam]

I saw in Wikipedia that Kuala Lumpur (which id love to visit) is listed as the capital and Putrajaya is listed as the “administrative center”. Which supports what you say Izar Azmi.

[@GoodjobSkill]

same goes to Korea

[@zaneleradebe2808]

South Africa has three (3) Capital cities.

[@a.demifemiflapo5795]

@@GoodjobSkill Seoul and which other city?

[@garymaidman625]

Yes, some countries have an economic capital and a separate administrative/political capital.

[@Emily-K1096]

There’s also Japan who moved their capital from Kyoto to Edo (which they quickly renamed Tokyo) in the 1860s after the civil war where they took down the Tokugawa Shogunate and began the Meiji Era.

[@SantomPh]

The more fun fact is Kyoto and Tokyo are reversible words- Western Capital and Eastern Capital. Kyo-to versus To-kyo

[@Emily-K1096]

@@SantomPh oh yeah! I never noticed that before

[@vadimthefriendlyneighbor3337]

@@SantomPh nah, its Kanji characters are different, with 京都 (Kyoto) literally means Capital and 東京 (Tokyo) means East Capital

[@Vernon0017]

Here in the Philippines we have Meiji biscuits.

[@felipecortes1514]

nara > kyoto > tokyo

[@luiscondeblazquez8518]

Spain had in its History several capitals, as Toledo (visigothic Spain), Valladolid (1601-1606), Cádiz (1812), Burgos (1936-1939, Nacionalist Spain Civil War), Valencia and Barcelona (1936-1939, Republican Spain Civil War)

[@dinguswattle]

With the Kazakh capital change there was also another reason. The North of Kazakhstan has a large Russian minority living there, and the Kazakh government had quite a few problems with their "unruliness". So they had another reason to move the capital there to project more power in the region.

[@DMSProduktions]

Yes, tell that to Borat Sagdayev!

[@saulgoodmanKAZAKH]

@@DMSProduktions 😐 hilarious my man

[@DMSProduktions]

@@saulgoodmanKAZAKH Indeed!

[@aslankaratabanov260]

You are right, they were trying to separate northern Kazakhstan

[@solosunbeam]

This is the reason I knew also. The Economist has covered the topic of capital changes without being afraid of the comments section.

[@shrek6869]

Since you included Kazakh under Soviet rule, I'd like to mention British India changed its capital from Kolkata (Calcutta as it was known then) to newly planned New Delhi in the year 1911

[@theguy5898]

And to add, it was changed due to increasing anti-British sentiments in Bengal at the time, so Delhi seemed like a good place to make the new capital.

[@ananddeshpande2156]

India not only changed its capital Delhi>Kolkata>New Delhi but also changed capital's name from Hastinapur>Indraprastha> Delhi

[@shrek6869]

@@ananddeshpande2156 except that it wasn't called India back when the capitals used to be Indraprastha/Hastinapur. Even the borders were largely different

[@Kashyap_Trivedi2]

​@@shrek6869 you understand Hindi?

[@anubhav111196]

@@ananddeshpande2156 well hastinapur is in meerut which is a little but far from delhi

[@djmhyde]

"every country has a capital city" Nauru: hold my fosfate.....

[@7girl]

What about "Some even have two" - whaaat

[@ahmed4100]

@@7girl South Africa

[@fastcarlol2541]

Arijenjen and Yaren is fighting

[@santigq9983]

@@ahmed4100 south africa has 3 capital. Bolivia has two

[@brandonlyon730]

I mean it’s one tiny island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, there isn’t room to have a true capital “city”.

[@_MrMoney]

In Spain there's a famous story about the Duke of Lerma, right hand of King Philip III. He was the King's most trusted man and held such influence in the political decisions that he managed to convince the King to move the government and capital to Valladolid. He did this because he held several properties in the area, being named capital the value of these increased, making him a lot of money after selling them. Then, the Duke bought more properties in Madrid and convinced the King to return to the old capital again, profiting from the exact same scheme once again.

[@marciacacruz27]

So much alike our modern politicians!

[@Eli-007]

300 IQ

[@otaviofrnazario]

Stonks before stonks was even a thing

[@rizkyadiyanto7922]

@@marciacacruz27 currently happening in indonesia.

[@dadarmwn]

Indonesia was actually changed the capital city several times: the temporary capital city in Bukittinggi and Yogyakarta

[@dadarmwn]

It was in 1946-1949 during Operation Kraai, a Dutch military offensive against our newly formed nation.

[@dadarmwn]

@Jo SM yeah, the city has a distinctive vibes.. they preserve their culture so well

[@ahnafzain778]

@@alvinaliathos6137 Yogyakarta and Bukittinggi is a temporary capital while Jakarta controlled by the Dutch during military aggression.

[@steveadinegoro]

as an Indonesian, I agree with you. To be more precise, this is the list of Indonesian capitals from time to time: 17 Aug 1945 Jakarta 4 Jan 1946 Yogyakarta 19 Dec 1948 Bukittinggi 6 Jul 1949 Yogyakarta 17 Aug 1950 Jakarta 28 Aug 1961 de jure Jakarta (until now) The New Capital (Ibukota Negara Baru, abbreviated as IKN) is currently planned to be operational started from 2024.

[@byakugan641]

@@steveadinegoro oh yes, good job and thank you for explaining this, i was about to write this on the comment section

[@sanjayshukla1441]

1:42 - Australia 🇦🇺 3:04 - Brazil 🇧🇷 4:11 - Germany 🇩🇪 5:00 - USA 🇺🇲 6:09 - Pakistan 🇵🇰 7:16 - Kazakhstan 🇰🇿 8:40 - Indonesia 🇮🇩 9:42 - Myanmar 🇲🇲 9:42 - Malaysia 🇲🇾 10:09 - Tanzania 🇹🇿

[@ibrahimibrahim2700]

My globe said the capital of tanzania is dar es salaam

[@googane7755]

Mongolia - Ulanbaatar was initially a nomadic city that moved several times before finally settling in it's current location

[@lucone2937]

It's a pity that Karakorum isn't the capital of Mongolia anymore.

[@Kettvnen]

so rather than moving the capital city, mongolia's city itself moved

[@blueborb8581]

As a Malaysian, I've never heard of Putrajaya being the new capital. Yes, Putrajaya may have most of the government moved over there due to overcrowding, but in schools, Kuala Lumpur is taught to be the capital city of Malaysia. Edit: Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya are both considered as "Federal Territories".

[@trabacula2000]

"Putrajaya" What a Beautiful Name

[@dennis12dec]

@@trabacula2000 Putrajaya was named after Malaysia's first Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al Haj, much of the Ministries of the Federal Government are now located including the Office of the Prime Minister. The Federal Parliament meanwhile remained in Kuala Lumpur.

[@dikshantkandwal5815]

@ARP ya true!

[@ZAGAD-i2x]

Kuala Lumpur is for all intents and purposes both the Administrative and financial capital of Malaysia due to its proximity to Putrajaya, they're basically part of the same city

[@hiroki2970]

ayo spot a Malaysian!!! #kerajaangagal #azminletakjawatan

[@obamacare9755]

New Zealand’s capital has also moved several times. Okiato was the first capital from 1840-41 but was deemed unsuitable so it moved to Auckland. But due to being so far north it made travel form the South Island difficult so in 1862 Wellington became the capital city

[@judethedudessroadto50subs77]

yes true but I thought we had a capital in like 17 hundreds

[@dragonrings14]

Oh the story behind Russell being our first capital is so crazy. Basically there are two places called Russell, known in Maori as Okiato and Kororāreka (using their Maori names will help). Originally Govenor Hobson thought Kororāreka would be a good place for the captial but sadly this port had become a hive of scum and villainy. So instead he bought land 5km south in Okiato and called the place Russell. Kororāreka was then called the Port of Russell and they were collectively treated as one. It didn't take long till Hobson regretted this decision and moved our capital out of Russell to Auckland. With no reason to ever go to Russell (Okiato) anymore, the place became basically abandoned and the Port of Russell (Kororāreka) eventually dropped the "port of" so we have two Russells. To add to the silliness, both areas have the same councils, are very close and have such low populations that keeping them separate makes no sense. But even today we often call them Russell/Kororāreka and Old Russell/Okiato and treat them differently. Anyway TL;DR Okiato is both technically right and wrong as our first capital as the place was called Russell at the time but isn't the Russell we think of as Russell even though the two should be one but isn't for unknown reasons. We Kiwis are total idiots sometimes haha

[@kennyibiyemi8483]

Nigeria 🇳🇬 Capital was moved from Lagos to Abuja in 1990.

[@marcusibe589]

First capital of was Calabar even before Lagos.😊

[@4Rymel]

@@marcusibe589Imagine a Nigerian claiming Lagos was the first capital of Nigeria. Same people might be the ones editing informations about Nigeria on Wikipedia. They’ll probably tell you Hausa or Yoruba is the official language of Nigeria and islam is the official religion.

[@stuffedbunnychess]

True

[@noelikechukwuazubogu2211]

1991

[@Moiaija]

Finland has changed its capital from Turku to Helsinki, but it has been a long time.

[@Forlfir]

The Russians are the ones who did that, right?

[@kunmppari6674]

@@Forlfir Correct. After the annexation of Finland by the Russian Empire in early 1800s. The Capital was moved because Turku was too close to Sweden and Helsinki was easier to defend and get access to from Russia.

[@seanbrummfield448]

@@Forlfir Speaking of the Russians, they too changed their capital. During WW1 The Germans were technically.........whoopin Russia's a**.(lol) And they were getting closer and closer to St. Petersburg, and Lenin and his government were worried of them taking them and the capital, so they moved to today's Moscow.

[@agytamas42]

@@General.Knowledge Long story short: Russia

[@capu4516]

@@General.Knowledge Turku was too Swedish influenced and a more central area for the capital was needed. Helsinki was established geographically "midway" between Sweden and Russia.

[@Cachicochip]

Let me just say that your pronunciation of Guimarães, Coimbra, Rio de Janeiro and Brasília was spot on, 10/10 perfectly spoken. Edit: Are you Portuguese by any chance? 😅

[@qingpetcher667]

He is Portuguese

[@dieselboy.7637]

Bro, Brasília it's not on point, cuz it's with the Portugal Portuguese accent, same with Rio de janeiro

[@thetobernator4548]

Everyone seems to pronounce hard words easily but no one but an Australian can pronounce Canberra

[@skurinski]

@@dieselboy.7637 and since those places were named by portuguese people that came to Brazil, his accent is correct

[@MohammedAli-hl4mr]

@@thetobernator4548 hard is subjective

[@butternuggetplayz438]

Its pronounced “Can-bra”. A “can” of beer, a woman’s “bra”.

[@LonelyPandora]

It made me cringe when he pronouced Can-bear-ra

[@Eli-007]

We pronounce all the letters. Also Cause we have a rule to use M prior B replacing N, its okey to us say Cam-Beh-Ra "Can-bra" its really interesting and good to know

[@noelleggett5368]

@@Eli-007 Most Aussies would pronounce it CAMbra (or camBERRa) without realising that it’s actually an M they’re using.

[@robweckert5689]

Also Melbourne is pronounced MEL-BURN

[@conorchristmas6844]

@@robweckert5689 or even Mel-Ben

[@crisbasinang4190]

Fun Fact: The Philippines have a movement of Capital Cities to; In 1901- Malolos, Bulacan established as the Capital of the First Philippine Republic. 1903- After the dissolution of the First Republic, Americans chose Manila as the Capital City of the whole Philippine Islands. 1948- Almost 3 years after WW2, The Philippine Government moved the Capital from Manila to Quezon City until 1976. 1976- The Country's Capital move again to Manila and became permanent seat of the National Government.

[@kuyaleinad4195]

Think there’s plans to move it again with Metro Manila literally having little to no room to expand and with high risk of flooding being sandwiched between Manila Bay and Laguna Lake. Think they’re building a new city between Tarlac City in Tarlac and Angeles City in Pampanga so it would have way more room to expand as well as good road and water connections via Tarlac river. Though I’m not sure if it’s wise to build it so close to Mt Pinatubo 😂

[@allisonquinn03]

“Then they stopped moving the capital every time the emperor died and kept it in one place for a while.”

[@MrTjonke]

"I want to focus on more recent" And goes on to talk about US in 1790

[@OkieJames]

Well he probably did that because the majority of his viewers are probably American. But in reality most Americans could care less what the capital was before Washington DC.

[@azmatnabi8859]

Good judge

[@wat2206]

maybe also to give background information

[@LongLiveRockAnRoll]

I'm Scottish and we changed capital city back in 1437 so i guess it's relatively recent 😅

[@MortanAMrk]

1790 is not as old as you think

[@SebaX92]

In Poland the capital was changed from Cracow to Warsaw but this was more than 400 years ago...

[@TitaniumSteelGreatest]

That was 400 years ago. But 200 years ago we started talking about Industrial Society

[@ezrak451]

@Polski Nacjonalista Some sources say that Poznań was before Gniezno, based on the bishop thing that I don't remember what was called in English.

[@Selmarya]

Białystok may have briefly been the capital of Masovia

[@martw.5938]

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Historical_capitals_of_Poland

[@anakinskywalker1738]

That was 4th Century ago

[@blakecooper1225]

Corrections regarding Australia. 1. Melbourne was the larger and more economically significant city in 1901, primarily as legacy of the Victorian gold rush. 2. Despite being named as Canberra in 1913, the Australian capital was Melbourne until 1926 due to building delays. 3. The statement that Melbourne was the capital in colonial times is false. In colonial times each colony had its own capital.

[@lecmanuel]

You forgot at least Nigeria (from Lagos to Abuja), Sri Lanka (from Colombo to Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte) and Ivory Coast (from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro). Also, Equatorial Guinea is in the process of building a new capital.

[@geocritic3577]

Colombo was not the capital of Sri Lanka at all.It was a port and was part of the larger city of Sri Jayawardenapurakotte

[@Akurstan_Rep]

@@geocritic3577 colombo once was a capital. Till they changed it in 1982. Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte became the main capital. Although some people still think Colombo is the capital of Sri Lanka.

[@kriegwhatever]

The latest was Burundi from Bujumbura back to Gitega

[@Sheldaschannel]

Sri Lankan here. Colombo was the capital till it was moved in 1982. Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte is like a suburb of Colombo. Colombo is still the commercial hub and main city while Kotte hosts a few government buildings and the parliament.

[@Tengspeakfootball]

Indonesia too they will change from Jakarta to a rural town in Borneo Is

[@sanexpreso2944]

Recommendation: imperial capitals by country Example: Versailles-France, Pekin-China, Petropolis-Brazil, St. Petersburg-Russia

[@jacksonfogo2]

if I'm not wrong, Pekin is still Beijing, it changed how it's written in English, but for some other languages we still use the Pekin format (like in Portuguese, we still say Pequim)

[@pelinalwhitestrake3367]

Yeah, in Russian we call it Пекин.

[@ericshang7744]

in 20th century, Chinese capitals had changed few times, Beijing, then Nanjing, then Chongqing, then Beijing/Taipei. Pekin is Beijing, just different spieling.

[@ankithnair]

India- Calcutta (Now Kolkata) to New Delhi

[@Dac_DT_MKD]

@@pelinalwhitestrake3367 In Macedonian we call it Пекинг.

[@AndreLuis-gw5ox]

03:05 Actually, the vulnerability to attack wasnt due to the fear of external attack, but civil war; there were many instances in brazilian history where the Navy would revolt and, since the capital was literally a harbor city, would threaten to bombard the capital if their demands were not met

[@nailersrule]

Turkey moves in 1922 and that's "historical". Washington D.C. "recent"

[@obgaming109]

He said ‘alot of them are centuries old’ after mentioning turkey. That doesn’t mean all

[@thekraken1173]

Turkey has a historic feel. USA doesn’t have that historic feel.

[@thatguy740]

@@thekraken1173 does turkey have a historic feel because you've never traveled outside your country?

[@sovietunion8147]

@@thatguy740 one of them literally has a thousand years old rivalry with founder of europe(greece).

[@thekraken1173]

@@thatguy740 No. USA has a newer feel because it is a country that has less history and it is a country that is significantly newer.

[@matthewbonner5006]

The South Korean government announced in 2007 that they were going to move the capital from Seoul to Sejong. It's still under construction and the National Assembly isn't supposed to move for a few more years, but they have relocated some administrative offices. They're building it because Seoul is 1. Super crowded and 2. very close to the North Korean border.

[@Addi_jones]

Fun Fact: New Zealand has had 3 capital city's 1. Old Russel (Okiato) 1840 - 1841 2. Auckland 1841 - 1865 3. Wellington 1865 - Now

[@lanvinseandelossantos6118]

"Every country has a capital city." My apologies, Nauru and Switzerland. You do not seem to be a country

[@HarryPujols]

And South Africa.

[@j4jsk902]

switzerland has bern though

[@netto8354]

He mean every country has at least 1 capital. Nauru is just an exception

[@davidsp5936]

@@j4jsk902 As the seat of the Federal Council and Assembly, Bern is considered the SEAT of government and DEFACTO capital of Switzerland. But, in line with their Central European ultra-federalism, it is never officially referred to as the capital.

[@bignosetv8140]

isn't genève the capital of switzerland?

[@pirouz8042]

Iran: ya’ll are so cute. I’ve changed my capital 32 times :))

[@sanexpreso2944]

😄

[@hungjury7482]

Any interesting ones?

[@pirouz8042]

@@hungjury7482 some notable ones in history: Achaemenid dynasty: ancient city of Pasargadae, ancient city of Susa Parthian dynasty: Hamadan, ancient city of Susa Sassanian dynasty: ancient city of Estakhr, ancient city of Susa, ancient city of Ctesiphon Samanid dynasty: Bukhara, Samarqand Tahirid dynasty: Nishapur Safavid dynasty: Tabriz, Qazvin, Isfahan Afsharid dynasty: Mashhad Zand dynasty: Shiraz Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties and Islamic Republic: Tehran

[@makky6239]

What about China?

[@luigibenni3449]

That's really interesting, thank you!

[@JesusManera]

Small correction to the Australian part; at the time of federation in 1901, Melbourne was the largest city (and economic centre) of Australia, as a result of the Victorian gold rush in the second half of the 19th century. Sydney didn't overtake Melbourne as Australia's largest city until 1905, but Melbourne overtook Sydney again last year (4.93m compared to 4.89m), although the 'Greater Sydney' statistical area which includes surrounding country towns outside the metropolis is still slightly larger than Melbourne's.

[@isilder]

Melbourne was not the capital in "colonial times", it was the capital from federation and independence, 1901 !. Sydney was capital from 1788 !!! Capt Phillip's papers said he was responsible for N.Z. too ! ( But the Sydney authorities never went to NZ much and it was private settlers who went to NZ..) But by 1901 the other colonies had split off and answered to London directly , not to Sydney.

[@chrishale5213]

The most interesting thing I can take away from this is that its nearly more common for the capital to move than it is for it to stay in the same place. I think most of us think of a place like Rome. Sort of, the center of an imperial state. A state its own in a sense. But in modern Nations, the Capital is a negotiated piece to be moved around for politics. The capital isn't actually the value. Its the history and sites associated with it. A sort of shared memory that adds to the brand.

[@brunopereira6789]

During the Roman Empire itself, the capital moved at least twice, first to Mediolanum (Milan) and then to Constantinople when the west fell (simplified).

[@HistoryOfRevolutions]

"Nations are born in the hearts of poets, they prosper and die in the hands of politicians" - Allama Muhammad Iqbal

[@imrankhankingofdonkeysalla848]

He also said ' sare jaha se achha Hindustan hamara, hum bulbule hain iske yein gulsita hamara,

[@silverletter4551]

Some Islamic guy should be saying how it was the sword which created nations, not the poet. I don't even think they believe in art too much.

[@ashleyelisa4460]

@@silverletter4551 while i agree that nations are usually created by the sword, saying islamic cultures don’t appreciate arts or poetry is like, the most ahistorical take ever lmao

[@kaibrattan3568]

@@silverletter4551 *cries in Rumi*

[@rashidrehman1792]

@@silverletter4551 do read a book or two, Allama iqbal, omar bin khayyam, kahlil gibran and shah abdul latif are few of the many poets that have been there Islamic tradition of poetry and arts are well known even in the west

[@maybemady]

As an Australian the way you said Canberra made me cry

[@evanschemenauer1356]

Montserrat changed its capital recently due to the volcano exclusion zone rendering their previous capital useless. Bermuda changed theirs from St. Goerge's to Hamilton, but that was 200+ years ago.

[@alessiorenzoni5586]

🇮🇹ITALY: Constitutional capitals: Turin (1861-1865), Florence (1865-1871) Rome (1871-1946) Provisional government seats: Brindisi (1943-1944) Salerno (1944) Constitutional capital: Rome (1944 to present day)

[@astroidminer1331]

India changed its capital from Kolkata to Delhi in 1911. I think it is a notable one!

[@waleedrauf1672]

It was british india back then not the independent one

[@aksbackup6372]

Delhi is capital from Mughal period

[@sohampendokhare5357]

Delhi had always been the capital of India since the Mughals; while other kingdoms and empires in the Indian Subcontinent had their own capitals. Kolkata (erstwhile Calcutta) was simply the capital of the British East India company. So when India formally fell under the British Empire, the capital was in a way still there in Delhi only.

[@astroidminer1331]

@@sohampendokhare5357 Historically Delhi wasn't always capital of India , It was became capital in 7th century.

[@shehran6936]

India didn't exist before 1947. British Raj capital was Kolkata. He didn't say empire capitals, he said national empires. If he said empire he would mention the Mughal Empire capital too

[@JackTristao]

The way you pronounced Rio de Janeiro gave away your accent! Then I was 95% certain you were Portuguese. But I had to confirm by checking out the 'about' tab of the channel. Nailed it LOL... I'm originally from Brazil! That's why.... Been watching your channel for ages now. Amazing content! Cheers!

[@jamesvinson312]

I've heard that Egypt may be considering relocating their capital city from Cairo, and building a new capital city to take its place sometime in the near future because Cairo is very overcrowded now.

[@imnotsure9407]

Indonesia had also change its capital back in forth between Jakarta-Yogyakarta-Bukit Tinggi during war of independence and Dutch Military Aggression

[@crytexk102]

That capital change is during the dutch attacks and its not literal capital, its emergency capital

[@koerindoe]

Bukittinggi not Padang

[@imnotsure9407]

@@koerindoe ah right... Thanks for correction

[@dutchgameboi2892]

Well this is awkward.....😬

[@imnotsure9407]

@@dutchgameboi2892 hahaha i see what did you there

[@mardproduction6337]

🇮🇩 Indonesia, actually Indonesia was moved a Capital city 6 times, start from Jakarta - Yogyakarta - Bukittinggi (West Sumatera) - Bieureuen ( Aceh ) - and back again to Jakarta ( because Dutch Military Aggression) and than will move from Jakarta to East kalimantan soon.

[@kentershackle1329]

Wait, u guys going to change CAPITAL CITY or Administrative ?. Malaysia built up frm ground up, Administrative capital - PutraJaya. But Officialy CAPITAL city is still Kuala Lumpur.

[@mardproduction6337]

@@kentershackle1329 : change Capital city no more jakarta, but Jakarta become businesses city as well.

[@sekardhanilintangbaruna8811]

@Jo SM 2022

[@fadhil2831]

@@sekardhanilintangbaruna8811 yeah its the start of building but the goverment will move between 2033-2035

[@firdaus8081]

@@kentershackle1329 change capital city, who's talking about Malaysia here?

[@luigilombardi6244]

Actualy, Italy has also changed capital 3 times! From the birth of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, the capital was first Turin and then moved to Florence. Only in 1870 with the breach of Porta Pia did Rome become the capital.

[@artesiningart4961]

✌️😃🇵🇭 *Fun Fact:* The City of Quezon was intended to replace the capital City of Manila as the national capital of the Philippines when it was created in October 12, 1939. It was proclaimed as such in July 17, 1948 through Republic Act No. 333, and it held its status as the official capital of the Philippines until June 24, 1976 through Presidential Decree No. 940.

[@artesiningart4961]

@RendomT Yeah. 😃 Doon sana hinahangad na orihanal na ipatayo ang National Capitol sa Lungsod ng Quezon at kung saan din sana ililipat o ilalagay ang Kongreso. Ito rin ay parte ng mas malawak na National Government Center o NGC na kung saan din sana ililipat o ilalagay ang mga pangunahing sangay ng gobyerno na ehekutibo, hudikatura, at lehislatibo. Ang NGC ay nasa may palibot ng Elliptical Road at ng Quezon City Quadrangle, at dito sana ang magiging sentro o puwesto ng pamahalaang nasyonal ng ating bansa.

[@matnotyou]

@RendomT It was a quick decision to change it after the war as Manila was in tatters after the Second World War (2nd most destroyed capital city after Warsaw) and became the Capital as it really was intended to be the capital, with the Quezon Circle to become a roundabout full of government institutions, until President Marcos decreed Manila to be the capital again for historical reasons, as it was the main city even during the 40s-70s while Quezon City was the Capital.

[@k-studio8112]

But way back during the arrival of the Spanish. Didn't they made Cebu as the capital of the Philippines before choosing Manila?

[@artesiningart4961]

@@k-studio8112 ✌️😃🇵🇭 Yeah. The area of what is now Cebu City or the whole or entire island of Cebu was the first capital of the Philippines when Miguel Lopez de Legaspi established the first Spanish settlement in the islands, before the area of what is now the province and the city of Iloilo in Panay island became the second Spanish settlement in the islands and was established as a capital, and before they conquest the area of what is now Manila in Luzon island, which then later on served as the seat of the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines. There had been many other changes in the capital or national capital and the seat of government of the Philippines depending on the republic, who was or who were in charge or in authority and in power at a given time in history, the government and the type of government, and other historical factors and events like as a result of invasions, attacks, battles, and wars which resulted the Philippines to have a government-in-exile and to have temporary headquarters in other places or areas in our country or in other countries. The most recent change was Manila aka Manila City or the City of Manila as the capital of the newly independent Third Republic of the Philippines from 1945 to 1948, then it changed to Quezon City or the City of Quezon from 1948 to 1975, and then back to Manila as the country's capital from 1976 up until now in the present, but also with the whole or entire and newly reorganized and formed metropolitan area of the National Capital Region or NCR (aka Manila Metropolitan Area/Metro Manila) as the seat of government.

[@kianfrancisco1564]

Just to name a few @Sining Tadhana

[@victorg.miranda6055]

Brazil: Salvador -> Rio de Janeiro -> Brasília

[@gustavocastro6431]

Honduras in Central America also changed its capital in 1880 from Comayagua to Tegucigalpa.

[@hamzaba6872]

In Morocco it was "Tangier" (in the time of roman empire) and after Islam and Morocco became a kingdom the first capital was "walili" then "Fes" then "Marrakech" then it was changed between "Marrakech" and "Fes" about three times then it becomes "Mekness" then "Fes" and finally "Rabat"

[@yourfellowscratchjrenthusiast]

Wait,do you live in morocco?

[@hamzaba6872]

@@yourfellowscratchjrenthusiast yep

[@MADAN0401]

Next western sahara

[@hamzaba6872]

@@MADAN0401 next Catalonia 🙂

[@fayhay8011]

That’s a lot of capital moving

[@onehouse_crowley4597]

I think the location of U.S. capitol, D.C., was placed in the center of what was the middle of the country to equalize travel times. As a kid a teacher told me there was speculation of moving the capitol to Kansas while she was in college since that's become the geographic center of the contiguous 48 states.

[@ADMICKEY]

Well, also because it is in the middle of the 13 colonies

[@Boredoutofmywits]

-Ankara (1923) and Rabat (1912) are historical examples "I want to focus on more recent" Washinton (1800), Camberra (1901)...

[@mariadewanna]

Hello there, I really appreciate you for showing Indonesia's plan to move its capital city, however you missed the chance to explain that we have had few ex-capital cities too like Bukittinggi and Yogyakarta due to great dispute with Dutch colonialists in 1946 despite already proclaiming our independence in 1945. I personally think that if those informations were added it would serve better knowledge for those who are watching. Still a great video!

[@rks11106]

They had a capital called “tall hill"? And I thought Islamabad was very literal...

[@osvald860]

@@rks11106 lmao tall hill 😭😭

[@Bruh-jz1se]

@@rks11106 something I wonder what the guy first thought before naming that hill

[@violetta278]

6:10 I appreciate your efforts to pronounce Rawalpindi. that was cute 5:58 Pakistan. cute pronunciation ❤😄

[@mustafabangash4701]

Yeah

[@umarumair1818]

Yeah

[@petazedrok]

Yeah

[@Anonymous69420O]

🇵🇰💚

[@shahzainalisharif4125]

Pakistan gang

[@BstansforB]

'Every country has a capital city' Nauru: Am I a joke to you?

[@kienhwengtai8113]

I can confirm Canberra is a freezing hell hole in the middle of winter.

[@masondegaulle5731]

I used to ride daily from Chapman into Barton and back via bike paths, the ice on those paths during winter was no joke.

[@lours6993]

Compared to what?? It just happens to be the only major Australian city situated inland and therefore experiencing a real continental climate with 4 equal seasons and a real winter. As a result, Australians, who have not lived in a place with a real winter, think they've discovered the 3rd level of Dante's ice inferno, whereas anyone from northern Europe or North America would laugh at was passes for winter in Canberra.

[@DMSProduktions]

Nah! Canberra is always toasty WARM due to all the HOT air that blows out of Parliament House!

[@lours6993]

@Jo SM You seem an expert: How many years have you lived there?

[@DMSProduktions]

@Exalt Chrom Yeah, & it's MANUKA oval, not Manuka!

[@masadamlukmanchaubah8857]

Nice video! Unfortunately, Indonesia's new capital is still a plan. It doesn't have any legal basis from Parliament yet. Also, because COVID-19 pandemic, it hard to say this plan is going to realize soon.

[@10klikeanonimbalikwxc14]

The architect is already designed the building

[@DMSProduktions]

TELL all the terrorists in your country to STOP deliberately spreading covid-19 as a weapon of jihad!

[@masadamlukmanchaubah8857]

@@DMSProduktions What do you mean? It is such a fool thing, dude. Do you have any proof of it?

[@dimactavicus]

@@DMSProduktions you have some loose screws

[@DMSProduktions]

@@dimactavicus Err NO! Have any proof? How MANY Indonesians do you know? Probably NONE! Unlike me! You sound like an Islamophile!

[@matsgmichelsen]

Thank you for all your interesting videos! I know this video focus on more recent moves, just thought I could mention my native country of Norway anyway. Bergen, Trondheim and even Avaldsnes claim to be former capitals, but some argue that if we mean a capital in a more modern sence then Copenhagen was the first capital as Norway was under Danish rule at the time. Kristiania, now known as Oslo, was the de facto capital for a long time before Norway got its own constitution, but it didn't become a capital city as such until 1814.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Kazakhstan changed their capital 5 times lol

[@zoot7981]

It’s in the video lol

[@ErtugrulK]

Lovely innit

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

@@General.Knowledge 🐸

[@apurbaroy5208]

Because of BORAT

[@riccardogemme]

Italy changes twice aswell after unification

[@markgourley910]

Yes exactly - first Turin/Torino, then Florence/Firenze from 1865, and lastly Rome from 1870 onwards.

[@Merione]

True, but it was always supposed to be Rome, for obvious historical reasons. When Italy was unified in 1861 Rome was still controlled by the Church State so we needed a temporary capital until we were finally able to recapture the city.

[@Geckotr]

yeah but before unification there was no Italian nation, there were fractured kingdoms who didn't even speak the same language. Every kingdom had it's own dialect

[@Merione]

@@Geckotr As an Italian myself, allow me to disagree. The Italian nation (meaning a group of people who feel a sense of shared community based on language, culture and historical heritage) existed way before the unification. Traces of Italian shared culture can be seen as far back as the 1200s, when the vulgar languages started to be used in place of Latin, and there was always a common sense of what it means to be "Italian". It's true that we lived for a long time divided into smaller kingdoms, each with its own unique identity, but that was mostly a political division that originated from contingent historical reasons, not a cultural one. The unification itself couldn't have happened at all if there was no Italian nation that wanted it to happen.

[@lucaschiantodipepe2015]

Italy moved many times. Torino (1861-1865).Florence (1865-1870).Rome (1871 current). In 1944 capital had moved in Salerno for WWII.

[@tonywu7298]

You forgot Burundi, changed their capital in 2019 from Bujumbura to Gitega.

[@yourfellowscratchjrenthusiast]

Wow you smart

[@toabhi123]

He intensely forgot Burundi . 🙃

[@oncestaymidzywithunswer711]

Fun fact: The Philippines changed its capital in 1976, from Quezon City to Manila.

[@kianfrancisco1564]

To name a few, mate.

[@oncestaymidzywithunswer711]

@@kianfrancisco1564 I guess u dislike fun facts mate

[@rockyteron2431]

Dating Kabisera ay Cebu, at napunta sa Cavite at sa Bulucan

[@frankieespena3538]

From Cebu to Manila, to Cavite, to Bulacan, to Nueva Ecija, to Isabela, to Manila again, to Quezon City, and to Manila. Again. Bow.

[@DiscreetBai]

Some forget that during world war 2, the philippines had 2 capitals. Japanese occupied capital in manila and then during the american liberation of the philippines, they used tacloban as a temporary capital for the american backed commonwealth government. Bow...

[@rodrigoborges4982]

Brazil,s first capital was Salvador. But Portugal changed in 1763 to Rio de Janeiro because the bay could strategically protect the navy and was easier to control tax from mines export.

[@allangibson2408]

Fun fact - Switzerland doesn’t technically have a capitol - because the government is totally decentralised.

[@BubbaJ18]

But isn't Bern the de facto Capital? Like where their "federal government"?

[@allangibson2408]

@@BubbaJ18 Each canton capitol has a part of the federal government in residence. Bern is just where the Swiss Parliament meets.

[@DMSProduktions]

Capital!

[@mohammadnairaragasi8062]

I think bern is the capital

[@allangibson2408]

@@mohammadnairaragasi8062 That’s just the international administrative center… Every canton has parts of the Federal government. The federal court is based in Lausanne for example.

[@Kate1214]

Myanmar’s military government were the ones to move the capital and from what I’ve read they did it so that the people couldn’t see what the government was doing. Since the capital is really isolated

[@mane42]

In 1840, the capital of New Zealand was Okiato (also known as Old Russell), then the year after it was moved to Auckland and finally, in 1865 the capital was moved again to Wellington which is still the capital today.

[@escoisef9093]

Spain when it is Castille change their capital from Valladolid to Madrid because of the geographical location in the centre

[@randomsheep2949]

If you go to Putrajaya now, it's empty, seriously everytime I go there it's empty the only great thing to do there is the Park's and the food

[@mip5944]

Its justs as empty as my brain

[@randomsheep2949]

@@mip5944 how nic3

[@MasonGreenWeed]

Just like ESEMKA car of Indonesia

[@DMSProduktions]

Putrid, what a stink!

[@amoishasha6335]

@@DMSProduktions Putrajaya.. Putra is the name the first prime minister Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra AL-Haj. He is kedah royal family. The oldest monarch unbroken line since 500BC House of Mahawangsa..

[@sopariwalashubhan4265]

I love your videos very much. May I know which software do u use to create such videos and where do you get footages from. Thanks!

[@noelleggett5368]

Melbourne was not the de facto capital of Australia “in colonial times”. In colonial times, each colony had its own colonial capital. These colonial capitals all became state capitals when Australia became a federation on 1 January, 1901. Melbourne became the temporary seat of the federal government when the first Commonwealth Parliament met on 9 May 1901, until the official capital was established and built. The (federal) Commonwealth parliament opened in Canberra on 9 May 1927. Even then, the parliament building was always considered to be (and named) the Provisional Parliament House until the permanent Parliament House was completed and opened on 9 May 1988.

[@montecarlo1651]

You took the words out of my mouth.

[@DMSProduktions]

You are correct Noel, however, we are dealing with AMERICANS, not Aussies! LOL!

[@noelleggett5368]

@@DMSProduktions The Americans had a similar situation, being federated colonies who chose to build a capital on ‘neutral’ ground. I believe Mr General Knowledge is Portuguese, who usually does a pretty good job with his research... but this is a tricky topic.

[@DMSProduktions]

@@noelleggett5368 Then WHY does he SOUND American?

[@noelleggett5368]

@@DMSProduktions I guess it depends on how English is taught (in a particular country), or how one learns English, as to what accent one ends up with. I speak Irish with a slight northwest Galway accent, because that’s where my first Irish teacher came from. Likewise, I speak Italian with a northern accent because my first Italian teacher came from Turin. A couple of my German teachers were Austrians, so my German sounds a little ‘southern’ at times. In general, Europeans are more heavily influenced by British English, and are more likely to learn English with a British accent rather than an American accent. This is especially true in Northern Europe, particularly of people with a Germanic first language, like German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, etc. People from the Mediterranean regions, with Greek, Turkish or a Romance language (Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, etc) or an Afro-Asiatic language (like Arabic, Hebrew and Maltese) are a little more exposed to American English... and American Spanish and American Portuguese. Moreover, southern languages have a much stronger pronunciation of R, than the Germanic languages, where R can get lost at the end of a word, or in some sound combinations (including the pronunciation of English in the south of England, which is a ‘non-rhotic’ dialect). To non-rhotic English speakers (with a weak R - like southern England, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, etc.), anyone speaking English and carefully pronouncing their Rs might sound North American. To me, the narrator does not sound like a native speaker of English, much less a native of North America.

[@ernestomondragonromero3024]

"costal capitals" in terms of water levels that includes Washington DC and many others that are next to rivers near the coast

[@MichaelLamparty]

@Seth Greenberg Most of the USG buildings are in the SW and SE sections of DC. Most of this part of town is only a few meters above the current sea level. The National Mall is around 16 meters above near the Capitol building, The Washington Monument is on a bluff that pushes it up to 20 meters but the end by the Lincoln memorial is pretty close to sea level. Long story short, if the sea rises people in the DMV are going to need to invest in waders.

[@Muzankibutsuji168]

During British rule in India indias capital was Kolkata at 1911 They moved the capital from Kolkata to Delhi

[@ViniciusAmorimYT]

Fiquei impressionado com o conteúdo que encontrei neste canal, parabéns pelo trabalho, grande abraço! 😁✌️🇵🇹🇧🇷

[@cristante9258]

Also Italy changed it capital. Firts i was at Torino, than to Firenze and then to Rome

[@emeraldsroses0524]

Milan was also a capital for some time.

[@markgourley910]

@@emeraldsroses0524 No, not of united Italy.

[@martw.5938]

Recent changes, back to 50 yrs been mentioned in video

[@nicolascarpa638]

@@martw.5938 not really, Italy changed its capitals much later than the US moved the see of the government to Washington D.C.

[@vahtoothant7365]

In Myanmar, there are a lot of changes in the country's capital. Yangon or Rangoon became the capital under British rule. Before British rule in Myanmar, the last royal capital of our last kingdom was Mandalay which is the current second-largest city in Myanmar.

[@lulubibilu]

I love how your accent shows when you say Rio de Janeiro, actually... Why am I saying this in English? Eu amo como teu sotaque aparece quando tu fala Rio de Janeiro ❤️

[@sam1111979]

When he said Canberra I thought he's pronouncing Canberra wrong. Then he says Rio de Janeiro, I'm thinking oh is that how you say Rio de Janeiro.

[@williamcrain4204]

Wow...When he pronounced the cities in Portugal, I was like - Portuguese must be his first language!

[@williamlanger9229]

@@williamcrain4204 I believe he said he is Portuguese and possibly that he lives there in another video.

[@iuri9161]

Ele é português

[@dieselboy.7637]

​@@sam1111979 In fact, that's not how you say Rio de Janeiro, because he said it with a Portuguese from Portugal accent, which is different from the Brazilian Portuguese accent

[@hammerandpickle7390]

For Australia, it's "Can-bruh" not "Canberruh", and with Melbourne it's "Mel-bin"

[@fullsendenboi5984]

Is this a joke?

[@r97neal]

I am not pronouncing either of those like that.

[@hammerandpickle7390]

@@fullsendenboi5984 No this is how Australians pronounce the two cities.

[@hammerandpickle7390]

@@r97neal Okay well who cares?

[@rudramakadia1473]

@@fullsendenboi5984 watch geography now's territories and states of Australia video.

[@rapth_4486]

Fun fact: The planning of moving the capital of Indonesia is already exist in Soekarno era (as I know, correct me if I'm wrong), but from all president era after him is not being done. Until now the Jokowi era are really doing it (under progress). And another one, in the early independence of the country we have moved our capital into Yogyakarta. Beacause Jakarta was attacked by the allied force (Netherlands+Britain). And get officially be the capital in 1949 due to the founding of United States of Indonesia. But in 1950 due to dissolution of Republik Indonesia Serikat (United States of Indonesia) the capital was moved again to Jakarta I apologize if my English is kinda broken cause I'm not even native speaker after all

[@AleMazza100]

Italy moved the capital twice in six years: frist from Turin to Florence in 1865 and then from Florence to Rome in 1871.

[@kicotoralles]

Was it before or after the italian unification?

[@kicotoralles]

Curiosity: Giuseppe Garibaldi, one of the relevant names in the history of Italy, lived in my city (called Rio Grande) in southern Brazil. There he was one of the leaders of the separatist movement in my state (Rio Grande do Sul), which was independent for 10 years (between 1835-1845). If he was unsuccessful in separating parts of southern Brazil, then he returned to Europe and succeeded in unifying the Italians.

[@easytiger6570]

@@kicotoralles Would be weird to move a capital to rome when the pope was still there, without even asking him

[@AleMazza100]

@@kicotoralles In Italy we sometimes call Garibaldi "The Hero of two Worlds" (L'eroe dei due mondi). He also helped France in the war against Prussia in 1870. The unification of Italy was declared in 1861, before the conquest of Rome (and Venetia too). The capital was moved to Florence because Rome, and the Papal State, was under the protection of Napoleon III. Of course after the fall of the Second French Empire it was possible to complete the unification.

[@kicotoralles]

@@AleMazza100 , Brazil is a huge country, so things that happen in the south (near Uruguay and Argentina) reverberate less in the north (in the Amazon region), and vice versa. But in the south, Garibaldi is also known as the "hero of two worlds" ("herói de dois mundos", in Portuguese). Mainly in my state, Rio Grande do Sul (acronym RS; where he was one of the leaders of an independence that lasted 10 years), and in Santa Catarina (acronym SC; where he met his first wife, Anita, and also helped in that state's independence, but that lasted only 6 months). Fun fact: he went from Rio Grande do Sul to Santa Catarina leading a crossing of 2 large ships... by land... as the southern coast of RS and the lagoon were controlled by the Imperial Navy. Leaving further north from RS, near the border with SC, they would be able to attack by surprise. Even before the end of the Farrapos War (which lasted 10 years of independence from RS (or, in this case, called República Riograndense)), Garibaldi went to Uruguay. There he was in the navy and is also considered a hero, as he fought in the famous civil war between "Blancos y Colorados" ("whites and reds", two major political parties), although in my quick readings I couldn't find which side he supported. It is said that in America he had 3 children, 1 born in Rio Grande do Sul and 2 in Uruguay. And another one, dead as a baby. Apparently, he is considered a hero in Brazil (at least in the south), in Uruguay, Italy and France (I didn't know about this participation). Yet some of the interests behind some of these wars may be quite questionable. It's good to try to recall what I studied at school about the South American point of view. And it's also good to know about the European point of view. Thanks.

[@LorolinAstori]

I haven't been to Canberra since 2002, when I lived in Australia, but then it was one of the lamest capital cities I have visited.

[@mborder8428]

You obviously never went to $10 Schnitzel Mondays at the Canberra Trade Union Club (conditions apply). You can stick the Reichstag or the Eiffel Tower right up your bum after that.

[@monkeydui7241]

It’s boring asf

[@planetpetey]

It’s very pretty but fairly small compared to Sydney and Melbourne and mostly just an administrative city. It is a lot more lively and interesting nowadays but not somewhere you want to spend much time in.

[@freeman10000]

@@mborder8428 LOL!

[@HAA0603]

At least it’s not as boring as Ottawa and being from Ottawa, pains me to say that Ottawa is, yeah, pretty boring.

[@adambrock3932]

Melbourne was only made a temporary capital until Canberra was founded

[@luislentisco9609]

The first capital city of Brazil, still in the colonial period, was Salvador. Later, it moved to Rio de Janeiro and then to Brasília. The idea of building a capital in the heart of the Brazilian territory is really old, and started still in the times of Dom Manuel I, O Venturoso, who imagined that such a distant place would be a safer and more stable option for the rising Portuguese Empire.

[@HowAcidLive]

Its Rawal-pindi,Like Ra-well-Pindi 🇵🇰 ❤️

[@Karim_Mirani]

@Hamza rahman Bangali 🇧🇩🇵🇰

[@Karim_Mirani]

@@massterburator ?

[@goldie8127]

No ! actually the right pronunciation is Ra-wal -Pindi not with the pronunciation of english word 'well' .. And please there's no need to correct the pronunciation of foreigner they don't have to be perfect as it's different and difficult for them to speak our language like us , we also don't pronounce every single english word perfectly like them..

[@goldie8127]

@lallideepmehak like Indians say new Delhi just Delhi we also say Rawalpindi just Pindi in informal way .. and I'm curious what vegetable in your language is Pindi? as I think you mean bhindi ( ladyfinger) and the pronunciation is totally different of bhindi and pindi..

[@goldie8127]

@lallideepmehak yeah I know the difference of New Delhi and Delhi what I meant is that generally we tend to shorten some names when we talk informally and I didn't know that in punjabi ladyfinger is pindi 🤣 it's fine many words in one's language may have different meanings in other's languages. Even in hindi and urdu it happens like word 'tark ' has a different in both languages in urdu it means to stop /leave something, but in hindi it means reasoning also the word charcha means in urdu something or someone get famous and people talk about it or about that person for example hamary mulk mei apka bht charcha hai ( matlab app hamary mulk mei bht mashhoor hai ) but in hindi charcha means discussion or debate ..

[@chhandakghosh5784]

India changed it from Kolkata(then called Calcutta) to New Delhi(then called Delhi) in 1911. Awesome video btw. Keep up good works👍

[@johnstevenson9956]

I learned every national capital when I was a kid...and then they went and changed them on me!

[@Dave_Sisson]

The capital isn't that important, it's just where the politicians, bureaucrats, lobbyists and other low-life hang out. The most important cities in a country are where people do things, stuff is made and financial transactions occur. Some countries have the centre of commerce and capital city in the same place like Britain. But the most important cities in the United states are New York and Los Angeles, in Australia they are Melbourne and Sydney. None of those places are national capitals.

[@Dac_DT_MKD]

Well at least in Europe the capitals have stayed the same since the collapses of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.

[@johnstevenson9956]

@@Dac_DT_MKD Pretty much, although since Yugoslavia broke up I've had to learn a half a dozen new capitals and now there are all those countries that used to be in the Soviet Union. (I'm still working on some of those.)

[@sriharakothandaraman]

@@Dave_Sisson in india mumbai and pakistan lagore is financial capital.....

[@kianfrancisco1564]

The Philippines also changed its national capital several times. Spanish Era: Manila, Bacolor, back to Manila Revolutionary Era: Malolos, San Isidro, Angeles, Cabanatuan, Bamban, Palanan American Era: Manila Japanese to Late Commonwealth Era: Tacloban Post War/Republican Era: Quezon City, Manila

[@mnimeion]

Indonesian Capital is still Jakarta today, Indonesia predicted to move their capital at 2024.

[@overconfidentpineapple8783]

Fun fact: In Hungary when Budapest elected an opposition mayor some time ago it was seriously asked in the parliament to move the capital to a more "suiting" place

[@TG-uj5fp]

In India capital was moved from Calcutta (now Kolkata) to New Delhi. But this was in 1911 during the British Raj aka the colonial era... 110 years ago.

[@itsukicheng2427]

The way he said Canberra was hilarious

[@robertomasserut2804]

Ahah we pronounce the same in Italy

[@syafiqulinnuha]

Indonesia actually have 2 capital city other than Jakarta after 1945 : - Yogyakarta : happen because Jakarta is occupied by the dutch during war - Bukittinggi : happened because Yogyakarta occupied by the dutch

[@andriwahyudani1302]

Bireun too

[@thankuslay6766]

Nobody cares

[@andriwahyudani1302]

@@thankuslay6766 I care. If you dont care, then just ignore it. So simple.

[@pj2522]

Italy changed capital 3 times: the 1st capital was Turin, the 2nd one was Florence and the 3rd is Rome

[@tatagwahyuutama7141]

Former name of Indonesia in colonial era is Dutch East Indische, in the long time ago The Goverment of Dutch East Indische are planning moved their capital from Batavia (now Jakarta) to Bandung in West Java but it didn't happen because of the arrival of the Japanese army in 1942. After recognition of the sovereignty of The Republic of Indonesia, President Soekarno in around 1950's planning moved the capital from Jakarta to Palangkaraya in Central Kalimantan but it didn't happen because the condition of the country is not yet stable. Now after 2019, President Joko Widodo planning moved the capital from Jakarta to Penajam Passer (Nusantara) in East Kalimantan

[@Meow09]

Just a heads up General Knowledge, Canberra is not pronounced "Can-beara, its "Can-bruh"

[@basilpunton5702]

Only by people with a problem pronouncing words.

[@Meow09]

@@basilpunton5702 Its the Australian accent

[@shanamana4078]

@@basilpunton5702 that’s a little racist mate considering it’s named after what the ingenious people of the region called it

[@three-four-seven]

@@shanamana4078 That's right they were really smart

[@loukaspappas8476]

@@Meow09 Typical of English speakers to put additional letters that they don't even pronounce.