E. Siletzia & Swauk

[@turkfiles]

God bless ya Nick! What a great journey you took us on. It is so heartwarming to see you back in the saddle again! Learned a lot today, and I sure am looking forward to the rest of the series! Thank you👍

[@pathorgan8643]

Great session - interweaved past learning beautifully - Thanks Nick!

[@kateclover874]

fascinating. Love that you are brining in a variety of experts to share their expertise and opinions. And I'm realizing how complicated the geology is in the Cascades.

[@yukigatlin9358]

😄✨💞🩷What a way to enjoy an early Saturday morning talking and learning with you, Nick!🎶 Thank you SO much for coming back among us and resuming to talk about the build-up to the birth of Cascades!! I'm thrilled moving forward to Mike Eddy's area of the geological investigation in deep understanding of Cascades...😏✨💛

[@pollypeanut1736]

Nice episode. Loved how this one pulled together a lot of information and concepts from previous seasons' programs!

[@Trinity-Waters]

Best one yet, Nick! Siletzia has captured my brain.

[@xwiick]

Thanks for all the hard work on these videos!

[@glenncarr1947]

Thank you, Nick.

[@craighoover1495]

Thank you for the new insights.

[@jillrector7176]

So glad you’re a Washingtonian Nick! Thanks for the (new to me) story of Siletzia, and who knows, maybe my house is on top of it in Lacey, WA!

[@karihamalainen9622]

Good morning from Finland.

[@denisee9966]

What an incredible episode! Keep 'em comning, Nick!

[@d.t.4523]

Rock, ya gotta love it! Merry Christmas Nick.

[@CodyScarp-hl9ty]

It’s wonderful to have you back and to know all is on the up and up with you and yours. Just fyi, I’ve watched nearly all your videos, but usually do so in replay so I can pause to think, pause to rewind on some point I didn’t quite get at first, and to pause to take a screenshot of your informative sketches shown via “Docky.” I’m sure I’n not the only one who absorbs your videos this way. Point is, you no doubt have many more viewers than is reflected by the number of live viewers you have displayed for each episode. Cheers!

[@USchyldt]

The possible connection between LIP's and temperature fluctuations is intriguing. I think it was very good thatt you mentioned it, even if we don't yet know for certain (as far as I'm aware of).

[@ericojonx]

Love your channel Spread word when I can. Thank You so much. God Bless

[@barrym4079]

If you find it interesting Nick, chances are pretty high that we all will. Enjoy every lecture and show. Thanks for all the hard work you put in .

[@barrydysert2974]

1:16:40 i like this tangent !:-) The Nick on the Rocks episode was an absolutely perfect illustration of today's concepts. History written in stone. i never dreamt how much of that history we would be able to document. The precision of the dating out of MIT is astounding! And it's local!! i share Your excitement!!! i'm with You on the YHS connection to the hot climate. It's logical. Nick, you make me want to go on living if for no other reason than to keep learning with You and the community You have built. Your joy increases the joy in all of us. God bless You !:-)

[@russelltate3703]

Yes, once again you caused me to do research! (Thank you). People have theorized a PETM, Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

[@daytonlights-peterwine468]

It was fun watching live, but I was watching on my wife's TV (while hanging with the puppy) and didn't have my KZbin account connected, so couldn't comment. Such a great episode, I can hardly wait until Thursday! I guess I understand that some may be frustrated that you didn't "jump in" to the Cascade stuff right away, but I like the way that you set the table for all that's to come by starting with the basement first, and showing us how that will influence all that happens next. Thank you for all you do.

[@inqwit1]

Do what you do, go where you go. I drank the Ned Zinger Koolade during the backyard days.

[@thirstfast1025]

Can't wait to see how Nick represents a subducting divergent plate boundary over a hotspot with food.

[@jeffbybee5207]

Please never worry about going on too long. Extra Nick is a bonus!

[@williammurray4008]

If we could only go back and get the satellite view before the Siletzia accretion. Just before! Amazing to think about that.

[@anaritamartinho1340]

Seing in replay...have to love it

[@cliff4377]

wow, free posters? awsome. can't wait to show you some rocks

[@robertfarrimond3369]

There are so many rabbit holes to go down (and get stuck in) with the docking of Siletzia.

[@billy-go9kx]

When I was a kid in the Tri Cities, WA we only had 2 channels.

[@dippyanddakota]

Thanks again as always Nick

[@pinkerdroit]

Thank you for being here! Class time is best time. 😁💛🔨 Cheers~

[@rmsrmsrmsrms]

i can't believe I'm caught up with a new series, whew. (except for reading the papers, sigh)

[@wpherigo1]

Nick - in your defense, Tanya Atwater animations go back more than 13 years showing BajaBC / paleomagnetism. A video by “wvannorden” on YT incorporates it! In many ways you are one of the best geology teachers on KZbin. You face the challenges of attempting to communicate big subjects at a Geology 300’s level and having to teach this to many of us who are at a Geology 101 level and unfortunately, wanting to bring along your own terminology (like fruitcake, German chocolate cake, and grellow) to many of us who weren’t along for the ride when you coined them (and for which I don’t think there is a dictionary). I would recommend at a minimum turning on the Automatic Concepts feature in KZbin when you post like you did on some of your earlier videos. Just a thought. Enjoying the series!

[@paulliebenberg3410]

Nick, 3 thumb's up on your synopsis of Itchy Boots, her channel and your channel are the two channels my wife and I make the time to watch together when new episodes are out. I've been riding motorcycles for 60 years and can attest that Noraly is the real deal! Got to get her book...

[@adamcollegeman2]

excellent

[@spamletspamley672]

Hey Nick. Sorry to miss the live, in grotty Bedfordshire, England, but just heard you say about sometimes your mouth doesn't work right. I read a while back, someone was giving advice on how to whistle, and they said that, if your lips won't make the shape: go "eeeeeeee" and try again! It really works for whistling: maybe it works for speech too. :) Ooh: and that reminds me of our school music teacher, who made us get our mouths working ready to sing, by making us go: "nee, naw, no, NEE, NAW NO" a few times, getting louder and louder. Maybe you should try that, but mute first! :)

[@benwinkel]

Couldn't make the live. Watching the replay.

[@danielhutsell2794]

Love this show marion montana

[@darlenericotta]

Good morning!

[@darlenericotta]

Humboldt County California

[@johncloo9093]

Nick If the boundary of Siletzia is by Seattle I see it making of the cascade volcano's, it can't be the birth of Yellowstone.

[@USchyldt]

There's a larger story here that Nick have explained in a lot more detail in earlier series. Essentially the hotspot detach from the large igneous province when that accretes on the NA continent. It takes a while before it returns, then underneath the NA continent, with calderas tracing all the way up to the present position of Yellowstone. The date-ranges synch up well too.

[@johncloo9093]

@@USchyldt If you look on google maps the Yellowstone hot spot looks like a meteor hit.

[@bh6408]

A question: Is it possible that the reason that the Siletzia portion in your maps is narrower above Seattle and wider below Seattle is because that northern portion of Siletzia slid under North America above the Seattle fault and rode up over North America below the Seattle Fault as mentioned in your presentation?

[@mr.morelock]

Gah... so many moving pieces. Looking at the August 21 video with Gene Humphreys at about 35:00 ... he has Siletzia under Ellensburg quite a ways. My head is musing about the torn slab... the torn Siletzia, half of the collision subducting up north, have accreting down south, the Seattle Fault line... the Northwest rotation... Where was the Seattle Fault 51 million years ago, and is it connected to the torn slab and the torn Siletezia? Does it matter to what we are studying? If somebody animates this in 3D, I'll vote for their Doctorate. :)

[@johnnash5118]

Ponder this, 56:30 Like throwing a full toolbox into a running gearbox while saying, choke on this Farallon! Siletzia was formed from and remained in contact with the mantle, its height rose from the mantle to at least sea level, probably more. Presuming that the past can be modeled from the present, the Paleocene-Eocene Farallon-Juan De Fuca plate was on average 60 kilometers or 37.3 miles or 196,850 feet thick and 3.2 kilometers or 2 miles or 10,800 feet below sea level; but the Siletz/Crescent Terrane wasn't average oceanic crust, it was an Icelandic-like Large Igneous Province (LIP,) combined side-by-side with its sister in alaska, the Yakutat Terrane, they were likely similar in area to the Philippine archipelago of today, ≥40.5 miles thick x 200 miles wide x 300 miles long, that's not even considering what was subducted prior to accretion or what's concealed below- The oldest section 70-60MA.

[@benwinkel]

"Got my keys!" The time that Nick put on a live stream, walked outside and forgot his keys. That would be interesting! Luckily that hasn't happened(yet).

[@garyalfieri6904]

Rock man Gary from Kalamazoo (hi Nick)

[@SingersMom-rx8wt]

If the north end of siletzea erupted during accretion might it have caused the fault line and the change in the northern angle of the boundary?? Good class. Will have to rewatch though... missed some info just before the Nick on the rocks episode. Looking forward to the next class and a family update! Continued healing....

[@spamletspamley672]

A difficult thing to get one's head around, is how layers of sediment can get to be buried deep enough for long enough, to form solid horizontal rocks, when they are on a moving basement?

[@kban77]

Nice talk! Question. For Seletzia formation over a hotspot and a divergent/transform boundary. Couldn’t it be both for a time(like Iceland). Divergent boundary over thr hotspot, but only for a time. Then maybe just one or the other?

[@turkfiles]

@@kban77 great question👍

[@montanawardog]

Very sorry I missed the live on this one. Sounds like a fine time in the Live Chat. For some reason on the replay the Live Chat isn't showing up. KZbin weirdness I can only assume.

[@AvanaVana]

1:15:30 Nick, the PETM is indeed correlated with LIPs, but the specific LIP with which the PETM is correlated is the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP)m not Siletzia-although the additional coeval formation of Siletzia may have added somewhat to the larger atmospheric & climatic effects. The responsible LIP-the NAIP-was a massive LIP that occurred synchronously with the opening and rift-to-drift transition of the North Atlantic Ocean, that is, the separation of the old Caledonide margin between today’s North Sea area (Britain + Hebrides + Shetlands + Orkneys + Faroes + Norway) and Greenland. The NAIP was the “plume head” event for the “plume tail” that currently feeds Iceland, and the volcanism of Iceland is a continuation of its magmatism. The Greenland-Iceland-Faroe ridge complex on either side of Iceland links directly to the seaward-dipping reflectors (SDRs-thick layers of basalts erupted on the newly-created passive margin during the rift-to-drift transition) and volcanic centers of Greenland (Disko Island, etc) and Great Britain associated with the NAIP. The Jan Mayen microcontinent, on top of which is built today’s still-active Jan Mayen volcano and island is a rifted continental fragment associated with this process. The PETM occurred with the NAIP’s emplacement because the NAIP was erupted through a thick series of organic/carbon and sulfur rich sedimentary beds from back when this area was a passive margin of the earlier Iapetus ocean (basically coal beds, etc). Contact metamorphism of voluminous sills and subvolcanic intrusions during NAIP volcanism created massive amounts of thermogenic carbon dioxide, methane, and sulfur dioxide, which wreaked havoc on the climate. The work of Henrik Svensen and co-workers is especially good on this. Also, there is a more fringe theory that may also be implicated in the PETM-in other words, the PETM could have been a “perfect storm” of several unique geologic occurrences co-occurring together. This theory involves the tectonics of Cuba and the Gulf of Mexico, and was put forward by James Pindell, one of the foremost experts on tectonics in that region, who first decoded the tectonic assembly of that part of the world. Essentially, Pindell and his partner (whose name escapes me currently) found evidence of severe sea-level fall all around the Gulf of Mexico coeval with the PETM, but mainly along the eastern gulf coast of Mexico. They found enormous paleovalley channels cut out in earlier strata and infilled with PETM conglomerates and later sediments. But at the unconformity created by these paleovalleys, they also produced a paper which offered pretty striking evidence of bitumen (basically asphalt) deposits, deposited subaerially on the sides of one of these paleocanyons. They know it was subaerially exuded because blocks of the wall rock fell into the wet asphalt, which then harded around it, and also there are certain minerals in and around it that only form subaerially. So they theorized that a massive sea level fall event (drawdown) occurred in the GoM during the PETM, and the reason given for this was based on Pindell’s great experience with Caribbean tectonics. Just like how the drawdown of the Mediterranean is now well-accepted during the late Miocene (the so called “Messinjan Salinity Crisis”), which was caused by the tectonic collision of Africa with Europe and the blocking of the Mediterranean entrance at Gibraltar by a volcanic arc there, Pindell and colleagues theorize that the tectonic block that Cuba is built on collided with Florida and the Bahamian block at this time, choking off access to the Atlantic from the GoM, causing a massive draw down in sea level. The PETM connection comes from the fact that it is known there are very old deposits of methane clathrates (ice-bound methane) deep under the Gulf of Mexico, and if sea level fell so much, as seems to be indicated by their evidence, the deep water covering these volatile methane clathrates would have been lost, exposing them to either shallower, warmer water or even atmosphere, and causing them to melt and release giant amounts of methane into the atmosphere. Methane is a much more quick-acting greenhouse gas than CO2, and they believe this helped worsen the PETM, or caused it.

[@teddwayne]

Ted from Honolulu/via White Salmon Wa

[@6thmichcav262]

I’m lost on how Siletzia formed south of Oregon and ended up in northern Washington when the rest of the Yellowstone hotspot dotted its way toward Wyoming. Was Siletzia razored off by the Farallon plate and dragged north?

[@jamesdriscoll_tmp1515]

Another letter epic. Please, More Eocene thermal maximum. Is there any place that compares today, or was it too hot? The 'Crazy Eocene' had some details, i'll review that. Thanks for synthesizing all of this information. The dates that you questioned puzzle me because of the consensus of all the others.

[@teddwayne]

over a 1,000 live views,hit the "LIKE" button :)

[@cliff4377]

you haven't posted this on x yet, keep everything syncd if you can please

[@robtippin9111]

😎

[@graysonchip]

Nick, I wonder about causation vs correlation on large igneous provinces coinciding with globally hot times. I (a luddite) reckon it’s possible that hot surface temperatures could impact internal temperatures and convection currents, creating a feedback loop of extraordinary volcanism causing hotter surface temperatures globally. Am I crazy? 😂

[@williamwood9948]

So this Geologist goes into the Insurance Co., and tries to blame "the Accident" on... Lol... Late Nite w/Dr. Z...The coffee in tonight's" Coulton" was headed for the nostrils with the " who cares about...," comment! (I must remind myself to sip more carefully during future lectures...) Best to all

[@JackMorningstar001]

!