The way you speak, your accent and not to forget your obsession for perfumes speaks volume about your personality! The best influencer on KZbin that I have come across!!
@SONICE696 жыл бұрын
@Exotic Scents: Dude, you’re an absolute GENIUS when it comes to fragrances.... I’m kicking myself now that I only discovered you in the last few months. I saw your face and the titles of your vids in the past, but I was a typic naive Westerner who was content to just stick with the ones I know and feel comfortable watching...... Silly me😳😠.........m but lucky me now👏👍🏼
@ThePerfumeGuy6 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for doing this. Finally checking it out now! :)
@ThePerfumeGuy6 жыл бұрын
Great selections for sure. The Areej Le Dore line is surely complex.
@anjudevera584 жыл бұрын
The two fragrance guru in one channel. wow
@wutru31424 жыл бұрын
Satish Sutar Except for when they poop on the beach..
@BilalBrown6 жыл бұрын
That bottle named Sadeen is in the shape of the Kaaba in Mecca (ASQ is based in Saudi Arabia). Sadeen means curtain/veil in Arabic.
@olfactoryodyssey53596 жыл бұрын
I agree you are the connoisseur of the connoisseurs! Great knowledge and descriptions. There are many reviewers out there who review just for the sake of reviewing but I can tell you are passionate about every ingredient that goes in the making of the perfume you love. Hope you get many more subscribers. I'm glad to have found your channel! keep up the great job!
@brian952405 жыл бұрын
Diaghilev is a favorite of mine. Hearing your description of it was satisfying. Thank you for your expertise sir. I have so many more of your videos to view.
@adnanafzal67532 жыл бұрын
Really great video. Your every video has bunch of things to learn. Love them all ❤️
@ishya56576 жыл бұрын
My list is growing longer and longer! All perfumes sound beautiful the way you explain them! Thank you PG!
@essentialaromasbeauty72994 жыл бұрын
Ishya hii
@MrSillage6 жыл бұрын
I was THRILLED when Sebastian tagged you. I knew you would come out with an EXCEPTIONAL list! 🙌🎆👍👍
@MrSillage6 жыл бұрын
Exotic Scents I know. That was awesome too. I just put out mine, but I may have included some lesser known indie houses but my heart couldn't allow my to not include them in my "lifetime" scents. I 100%agree with what you said.... I would've much preferred to put 30 on the list. I'm REALLY intrigued to try Diaghilev! Actually, a website here has it for around half price. I'm SO SO close to pulling the trigger! Much respect, my friend!🙏🙌
@MrSillage6 жыл бұрын
Exotic Scents I will DEFINITELY take your suggestions into consideration as you are someone I highly *HIGHLY* respect! All the best to you, Sir!
@MrSillage6 жыл бұрын
Mr. Shlock that is just so so adorable that you just follow me around. Thank you!😉👍👍
@tayyabpirzada1466 жыл бұрын
Great choices. My top 10 fragrances of all time are: Bowling Green by Geoffrey Beene, Bvlgari Aqva pour Homme, Mugler Cologne, Mancera Lemon Line, Nautica Voyage, Neroli Portofino by Tom Ford, Bond No. 9 Eau de New York (best neroli fragrance ever imo), Tom Ford for Men Extreme, Hermes Ambre Narguile, and Chanel's Platinum Egoiste. Honourable mention goes to Kalemat and Kalemat Black by Arabian Oud, Armaf Club de Nuit Intense Man (Aventus clone), and Lady Gaga Eau de Gaga (Tom Ford Azure Lime clone).
@cizcalodiablopanzon6 жыл бұрын
I love the way you describe every fragrance,, you're so passionate about it. you Make feel as if I am right there in front of you smelling them.! Greetings from Mexico 🇲🇽
@87linceed5 жыл бұрын
Exotic Scents another greeting from mexico also, great review my friend! Gracias a ti amigo
@lavantebassett96206 жыл бұрын
One of my favorite reviewers!!!! Keep up the magnificent work
@AdvocateSriVidya4 жыл бұрын
The ones am currently using PRADA BURBERRY BRIT BULGARI AMETHYST VERSACE BRIGHT CRYSTAL ISSEY MIYAKE But the ones I get most complimented for, is Versace bright crystal.
@RVSinoraFashions3 жыл бұрын
try miss dior and gucci flora
@___1980.6 жыл бұрын
Truly the epitome of perfumes buddy! Love the video, so glad you put my favorite and top designer Roja, he is in my opinion the Top the fragrance world, he is the Stefano Ricci and Kiton in the suit world of fragrances, I’ve gotta try Russian Oud though would love to get my nose on this one ☝🏼, thank you for putting the list together 🤝
@AmitSharma-cg7qr4 жыл бұрын
Five years down the line I aspire to understand some of the fragrances you mentioned in this list Nikhil Bhai. My nose is untrained to understand the complexities of some of the fragrances mentioned. I have saved this video will keep an eye on it and try to acquire some of the fragrances you have mentioned.
@adnanafzal67532 жыл бұрын
I have been using Fendi Life Essence for almost 15 years on daily basis. Its simply an essence of life. Classic ❤️
@PurePwnzors6 жыл бұрын
Nikhil, another wonderful video! Oud Zen is my absolute favorite oud fragrance. I wish Russian Adam would have produced more than 100 bottles.
@পরিচয়-ঝ২য6 жыл бұрын
Thanks! you always express your hearts to us. Sometimes I feel your views are as pure as your passion for pure natural scents.
@finneganmwape17236 жыл бұрын
Subscribed! always enjoyed your take on fragrances. Keep the good content coming!
@theoptimistever6486 жыл бұрын
Hello Nikhil, Thanx for the great informative videos and awareness about Oud. Bro I have a question and really need your sincere and honest opinion about it .. In 2004, I was in Denver Colorado USA in a mosque called Masjid Noor for Friday prayer .. In the entire masjid bigger hall there was a heavenly smell that I can’t describe in words honestly speaking .. I was looking around that where it was coming from but it was everywhere .. Then an Arab man looked at me and probably guessed that I was in search of smell .. he came to me and asked me like what I was looking for .. I told him there is a real good smell and it’s unbelievable but I don’t know who was wearing.. to cut the story short, He told me that it was him who was wearing that special Oud that mostly royal family wear or use it but unfortunately I did not ask the name of it and that was my big mistake .. however he put a little on my shirt that and you will be surprised that I had that amazing smell on my shirt for months since I was not washing it just for that heavenly smell .. And since then I tried many Oud in hunt of that one including Ensar Oud samples .. Oud samples from lickyscent and eBay and some were quite expensive but to be honest nothing really matched or got closer to what that Arab guy was wearing .. and nothing impressed me so far to be very honest ... It was the most appealing one I had ever sensed in my life .. I am a big fan of Oud but that kind of Oud only what the Arab guy had used .. Just to give you little idea so it will be easy for you .. in designer Perfume brands I somehow liked bond no 9 Oud and Oud bergamot from jo malone but they are still far behind than that one .. I did not like Tom Ford one though. I am therefore just wondering if you will have any idea what that Arab guy could have used ? Since you are the most expert one on Oud stuff I have seen for so far .. It was a kind of fragrance that I wanted to smell more, inhale more and it made me wonder or curious to breath more and more that day and it was literally a heavenly smell in the whole masjid .. And since then, I m in search of that masterpiece but no luck so far .. If based on your true experience, you could have guessed my flavor and choice, could please share with me any of the two names that you think could Match or could be the identical in smell to that Arab guy Oud .. I would highly appreciate bro and will be certainly waiting for your kind reply in this regard .. much appreciated bro. Thanks
@deep_z2 жыл бұрын
after reading this even i cant control my urge to know which one it was. If you find out then please let me know too! Thanks
@taffyj5316 жыл бұрын
Really enjoyed this video. It's like taking a master class in niche perfumery. I've recently discovered Areej Le Dore and am in love with Indolis. A sample of Russian Oud is on its way though! Thank you for the education!
@shant575756 жыл бұрын
Taffy J Have u sampled the Russian oud?..
@taffyj5316 жыл бұрын
Yes, I have! Extraordinary and beautiful.
@Puddycat002 жыл бұрын
I discovered Areej Le Dore too late :( and I too would love to find Indolis to buy or even a sample . But ppl are not sharing, and if I do find anyone to sell me a bottle, they want 5 times what they paid. It makes me sad, I always share my perfumes with anyone who asks, and I have a great Niche collection .
@holytat3585 жыл бұрын
Wonderful! Very knowledgeable and fine videos. I travel with my husband and discovered gorgeous arabic and Indian fragrance house on Champs Elysees on Paris. I got the Kalemat and Lamsa but I would like please you recommend a niche and clean smell fragance. Thank you very much. Congratulations for your wonderful channel
@ssssgp10213 жыл бұрын
Hello I want good quality empty attar bottles 5 ml is there any particular site?
@rafeek136 жыл бұрын
Your videos are a delight to watch!! Awesome and rare perfume related info in almost all of them. You are The Perfume Guru brother Nikhil 👍🏻😊 Thanks for taking out so much time out from your busy schedule for we perfume lovers.
@barbietimmermans41416 жыл бұрын
I won the eBay auction on Xerjoff Nio. This must be very hard to find. I’m sooo happy, thanks for reviews 👍👍👍
@hamidD22226 жыл бұрын
Amazing review as usual. I have few notes and would like to hear your opinion. I'm surprised not to see mefisto on your list of summer perfumes. I have been looking for a good patchouli perfume, since most of those I tried smell very medicinal, so mon patchouli sounds like a good alternative, I own one of Ramon monegal perfumes but I have not worn it enough to draw enough conclusions. Did you try oud 36 night ?, it seems like an excellent high end perfume from a very reputable house. Regarding pineapple note, did you try Almas from boadicea the victorious? It's more masculine than aventus, it's very woody and very well made. I suggest you try that brand.
@elainebines68036 жыл бұрын
I adored the original je reviens worth perfume in small blue glass bottle - what would be similar?
@abdelhakimessaadi95772 жыл бұрын
Hi doctor. I am interested to know if your list is still the same
@janice74256 жыл бұрын
You’re the best. Another great video. Thanks.
@0670kitty6 жыл бұрын
Which attar smell very sweeter and stay long on your skin for long hours ... please advise
@rohitjacob51943 жыл бұрын
Hi Nikhil Is Splash fragrances a good channel to buy from ?
@dualityofnature10 ай бұрын
No. Beware, fraud company
@letsbfriends194 жыл бұрын
If you had to suggest an attar to be bought from Bahrain that I would for surely like what would you pick?Not from the list is welcome.I already have ajmals 1001 nights and kind of like it.
@coolashish20085 жыл бұрын
I m also wondering... Their r no name of safari extreme., 😇bt happy with honest opinion
@arshirshad7776 жыл бұрын
We want to see yur whole perfumes collection.. M sure everyone ll love watching it.. Pls do it..
@dmr97675 жыл бұрын
Has diaghliev been reformulated then?
@kyzak26516 жыл бұрын
One of the best lists i've seen hats off to u brother. My favorits are actually similar to urs like enigma and tuscan leather which i replaced with rasasi la yuqawam and xejoff nio renissance and naxos with the execptions of areej le dor because i cant find it.
@ketanmardane79616 жыл бұрын
Sir Dior oud ispahan is reformulated or not? Please reply
@MursalinAkram6 жыл бұрын
Hi Nikhil, It would be highly appreciated if you add the mentioned perfume, attar list in the description. BTW keep it up & love you bro.
@ramu17416 жыл бұрын
Good review sir ... i like david off cool water very much n any musk blends ....
@shobhitkhajuria74646 жыл бұрын
wow video bro,i think this video is gona get me into niche perfumes but quite expensive yaar (haha).Are the newer tom ford's formulations weaker(and probably different)?Like of TL and TV and others too.planing to buy.
@shobhitkhajuria74646 жыл бұрын
Exotic Scents oka
@adisingh1106 жыл бұрын
Hi sir . What are your views about perfumar.co.in?am i safe in buying from them if i want originals?or they deal only in clones?
@iangascoyne42743 жыл бұрын
Very interesting, and as I am new to fragrance collecting I have not many , and do not know really what I am looking for .. but am quite obsessed with it all. I love Armani - pour homme (original) . I got some samples .. ysl La nuit de l’homme - which is impressive but ultimately just too much , too overpowering. And Encre noir (Lalique) which is okay. And I like Eros flame , I like all the Versace ones but they’re a bit one dimensional. I like Joop , and am interested in Joop Homme wild, which sounds great. In fact I might buy everything by Joop . As you can see, I’ve no idea really , but Thankyou , I enjoy your videos very much . God bless you . Peace . Ian
@friendmeanimran5 жыл бұрын
Nikhil bahi bohot sy perfumes ka Muje pta nai tha thanks for information. My favorite Qafia 2 by ajmal Aqua di gio profumo La nuit de l'homme Amber pimente by ajmal Dunhill icon silver Narciso Rodriguez for him EDT Hatkora wood by ajmal Dahan al oud bakhoor khas & muqalad Creed Viking Tam Dao Or b bohot sy Han 😁
@larryasiedu77045 жыл бұрын
What are your top five roja flags for men please?
@markusuerschels14556 жыл бұрын
Big list full of niche gems, Nikhil. Did some research about Darkwood Forrest Apothecary Vetiver; maybe it's today available under the brand Floracent: Apothecary Florascent - Vetyver (also contains Haitian Vetiver)?! ✌🙄
@nadari096 жыл бұрын
Fantastic video brother. As always you are the best
@ZachyB986 жыл бұрын
Idk why but I don’t smell any musk from Inverno Russo. I do from Russian Musk, but nothing from Inverno. I just get a heavy dose of Osmanthus and other floral smells. I don’t think it’s challenging at all, but then again I didn’t think Russian Oud was challenging at all either. My friend finally got the balls to say to me “dude I’m sorry but you’ve been stinking all day” while I was wearing Russian Oud😂😂😂(love Russian Oud btw)
@RuthMejiaRM3 жыл бұрын
I need to discover Areej le Dore, great video! I would love to try that Apothecary Vetiver ! And Russian Oud
@FragranceView6 жыл бұрын
Try out Britania by Roja, it's very well blended.. I liked the most from the brand. Great list!
@Comfortinscents6 жыл бұрын
I'm loving my sample of this plus a Parfum 51 sample.
@StormFalcon616 жыл бұрын
FragranceView routine house not worth it
@doctorwho016 жыл бұрын
Nice one again brother! Btw where do you buy your niche ones from?
@doctorwho016 жыл бұрын
Exotic Scents thank you so much for your time brother
@rishabhpatel95846 жыл бұрын
I want to buy original perfumes. Especially armaf, rasasi and mont blanc. Where i cant get original perfumes online? Reply ASAP. Thank you
@arpitpanwar34754 жыл бұрын
sir kindly mention also that where to buy these perfumes..
@AmjadKhan-gw6sm4 жыл бұрын
Sir jean Paul gaultier ultra male ka review kary mein Pakistan karachi say Amjad Khan
@davidsonnow5 жыл бұрын
Nikhil. What i like about this video is that you have a nice mix of designer, attar and niche brands like russian adam!
@zeromindpeace4 жыл бұрын
Hi I watch your videos, I love attar , Can you make review of amouage altar?
@ramandeepsingh97125 жыл бұрын
Where do you buy these from
@timothyjohn94126 жыл бұрын
Great review brother.. I got 24 hrs plus on Enigma.. smelled it on my shirt this morning after a full 24 hours..
@guptabharat9096 жыл бұрын
Nikhil bhai what are ur views on Projekt Perfumery India launching killer oud in India. Cheap clones of niche frags?
@SONICE696 жыл бұрын
Exotic, are you saying the Zegna’s Haitian Vetiver is crappy…?!?! Curious, because I own 4 others from the line: Mandarin, Neroli, Bergamot & Iris.... Gimme your thoughts.....
@rafique56 жыл бұрын
Plz give praper buying links and available in market ...
@balkbgboy6 жыл бұрын
brother..i have a dilemma ..which one to get..Heritage blend or Sarin..:) ..need a powerful attar..please advise ..i am thiking to get Heritage blend attar..
@balkbgboy6 жыл бұрын
I knew already your answer..thanks..:)
@balkbgboy6 жыл бұрын
got it bhai..i hope i will like it and that the rose is not too dominant as i am not very huge fan of it but according to you and other reviewers is dark and very well blended..will keep you posted ..:)
@Hehousepk5 жыл бұрын
Bhai list update kub hogi nayi taza top 10 list dede sir nich perfumes ki aur unkey alternatives ki
@davidsonnow5 жыл бұрын
Loved your reaction to Tuscan leather!
@realrohitupadhyay3 жыл бұрын
Two years down the line, still one of the best review on niche fragrances
@Agnelum16 жыл бұрын
23:05 My introduction to niche fragrances and the fragrance that made me actually pay attention to the differences in perfumes was also Tuscan Leather. I'd love to smell the original because even though I've only experienced the "reformulated" version and think it's spectacular I wonder about the one that started it all. What's going on with the channel name changes though?? It's confusing.
@TheMohanBhardwaj6 жыл бұрын
Thanks a lot Bhai.. was waiting for your video. Amazing list 👍🏻😊
@UbaidDogar63636 жыл бұрын
Brother main hn Pakistan sy aisa attar bato jo mujhy sy log puchy kon sa parfum lagya howa hai plzzz Eid rhi hai nam pakistani batna plzzz ans me???
@JAY-mosun6 жыл бұрын
Ajmal miziyan or rasasi esraa which is better
@Channel-hv1ky5 жыл бұрын
How a smell can powdery and wet at the same time?
@kallolmistry6 жыл бұрын
best perfume reviewer
@brainemilden1156 жыл бұрын
One of the top best reviewers period! I loved your videos on musk and I would personally be interested in hearing more about things in the range of kiehls original musk, which is a scent that resonates with me takes me right back to childhood. I just want to know what it is in there that it is comprised of. What kinds of musk like I guess probably some galaxolide but what others.
@hammadkapadia7866 жыл бұрын
Sir please nemat ke attars ke baare main bataaay Konsa kharidne jesa hai etc.. Khaas karke nemat ke oud ke baare mein
@hammadkapadia7866 жыл бұрын
Exotic Scents I need ur suggestion khus attar main konsa dusra attar add karsakte hai?
@MD96976 жыл бұрын
Delighted to know about some quality niche fragrances nikhil bhai. Would you suggest me an affordable night time/cold weather fragrance in affordable range which can get most compliments. Best of these? 1. Rasasi daarej 2. Burberry london 3. Jaipur pour homme 4. Ajmal khofooq Do suggest if any other better than these three in this range. Looking forward.
@87linceed3 жыл бұрын
no Guerlain?
@pluto12516 жыл бұрын
Surprise that Safari Extreme is not in your list.
@DaniyaAhmad6 жыл бұрын
Are you going to do a review of the Jo Malone colognes ? Looking forward to seeing that
@raju7836 жыл бұрын
Sir i want to buy sultan white perfume so please send me the link
@AhmedRaza-lh4oj6 жыл бұрын
Bhai - a small suggestion. Like other videos - perhaps put the perfumes you mention on the information of the video.... Excellent compositions bro
@Datapassenger_prashant6 жыл бұрын
Nikhil Bhai, Please tell me who makes the best of khas attar?
@Datapassenger_prashant6 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much Nikhil bhai. Last Sunday after being a keen follower of your channel. I came out of my shell(which was buying some high end perfumes like Armani, one million, davidoff, dior sauvage) to sniff some attars and there perfumes and I was so amazed and thankful to you that I bought 3 different perfumes. Musk rose, 1001 nights and wisal dahab. And I return I got compliments. So, thanks a lot.
@banzaiburger95895 жыл бұрын
Curious if this list is what you would choose if asked today?
@mabhim106 жыл бұрын
Hi nikhil, please give the name of the perfume and from where to buy it
@muneebullah75056 жыл бұрын
What is price of roja perfume nowadays?
@Puddycat002 жыл бұрын
I can’t do 10 either. I barely managed to get down to 100. So I managed to keep only 100 Niche for life. It was VERY hard. I could not do 10 only. I really couldn’t . But I do need to slow down and stop buying.
@Puddycat002 жыл бұрын
Ok I have now decided to do only 135 for life. I own hundreds but after careful consideration, I finally came down to 135.. That’s it, I really can’t do any less. Only because I can’t do without any of these, they’re all so different and I love them all. . Most are Niche and/or unique and rare. A few are discontinued and can’t be found anywhere at any price. Some are first original formulations. So u see why I can’t let them go . Now as for Diaghilev, I’m not impressed. I’ve smelt similar and better scents. Overpriced for no reason, just like most Roja. I love Areej and I consider this great complex perfumery, but not Roja. But I do have and love Roja Amber AOUD. But that’s it. I own Roja Elysium extrait and I used to love it but now I just find it too masculine and boring . It’s like I smell it everywhere. I can’t stand it anymore.
@barbietimmermans41416 жыл бұрын
I’m looking for a fragrance called Paradisio. Can anyone help? I bought it in the Middle East 30+ years ago. It’s in a black bottle. I will pay of course. Thanks
@fernandovanzzini18196 жыл бұрын
You forgot the name list my friend and where to buy?
@dkalbryte57156 жыл бұрын
I love niche/artisnal/indie brands. I *do not* buy mall fragrances as they all smell the same. I am sensitive to ISO E Super. I love animalic/leathery/dark/oud scents touched with amber. Unfortunately the IFRA has been too stringent with oakmoss etc. When I hear the term "reformulation" I cringe because I know it won't be what it was. There are so many vloggers doing MEH videos but I hapoened upon your channel and was very impressed with you ( and I am very picky lol ) so thank you. I will subscribe😉 Have you ever tried La Via del Profumo? He's amazing Areej le Doré is da bomb omg. Love love. Glad you included that one. I love when I wear something unusual and people stop and say " damn what *are* you wearing?". When I am in the mall the SAs stand by and ask if you want to smell- I pass!! Lots are just top notes that disappear in 5 minutes. Basenotes last.
@dkalbryte57156 жыл бұрын
@@nikhilsfrags yes, we do!! Niche is the way to go. Before i found Kafka, I thought that even Creed was the only brand that was the most expensive brand to buy but then I started researching *niche* and was bown away with the plethora of brands, that to me, that really piqued my interest. Discovered K's blog and down the rabbit hole I went. Kafka is just so thorough and devotes so much of her time to.really, really doing in-depth reviews. Plus she tries to answer all questions in detail. Most voggers/vloggers rarely do. I can't extole her love of fine fragrances enough. She's helped me out more than I could have ever expected. The problem.with my ocd is that like the kid in the proverbial candy shop. I must sample, if not purchase full bottles sometimes blind buys based on her reviews alone such as Kalemat! Delving into Arabic 'fumes is so vast that I get lost but a good lost. I love the Zahras site. Nothing worse than buying a meh mall frag and having everyone else smelling the same. I used to think that cologne was strictly for men and parfum for women, but edps are for men too because of the higher perfume oils. Unisex too. I still prefer middle to masc on the range chart. Your tastes are the same as mine so I subscribed to your channel as I'm not interested in hearing about Chanels or Sport flankers of Polo. Meh. Sorry for the long winded comment bro. Just wanted to say thank you for your freakin awesome reviews. Keep em coming!!😊
@munawarpasha15675 жыл бұрын
Hi Nikhil bhai can you review on Zara collection 8.0 and 9.0 also
@predatorcube6 жыл бұрын
Hi Nikhil, any chances to do review of new ASQ Safari L'Homme man ?
@hasib16256 жыл бұрын
Beautiful list and descriptions my Bro Great job✌🏻
@anjumshaikh14195 жыл бұрын
Brother Where do I get Arabian oud in India
@M83086782596 жыл бұрын
Sir plz make a video on which kind of perfumes are best to use for sweaty person
@sydgia016 жыл бұрын
Excellent video and choices. I wish I could get Oud Zen😥
@akshaymagdum13565 жыл бұрын
Sir please give us more information about low cost beautiful perfumes. We are mostly looking for it.
@mhsidibe1 Жыл бұрын
Please come back to English fragrance review
@friendmeanimran5 жыл бұрын
Kafi perfumes ap ki videos dekh kr lieay Han or her perfume bohot Acha nikla hai ap real main mere guru ho thanks a lot bro love u
@gunmetal24456 жыл бұрын
Fantastic list Nikhil! If I had to only keep one fragrance for life, it would probably be my previous sandalwood oils. Back to the basics :D
@BabyCarT00N2 жыл бұрын
I love you .. Try : Vanille havane les indemodables A couer desert marocain Psychedelique- jovoy Enigma - roja Areej la dore- oud zhen Alexandria 2 by xerjoff
@indraadi6 жыл бұрын
Hi Nikhil please give me a contact from where I can procure niché stuff.
@maguX096 жыл бұрын
Thank you nik
@kuo_uo90396 жыл бұрын
Nice and informative review with a personal preference touch. Thanks so much for your time. Naif