(Grade 10) Major Cropping Systems- Mix cropping, Intercropping, Strip, contour, Phase cropping etc

Major Cropping Systems, Agriculture, Mix cropping, intercropping, Strip cropping, Phase cropping, Crop rotation, Mix Farming, CXC, CSEC#
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A cropping system are the DIFFERENT WAYS of growing crops.
The Major Cropping Systems
1. Monoculture
2. Multiple cropping or mix cropping
3. Intercropping
4. Crop rotation
5. Strip cropping
6. Contour ploughing
7. Mixed farming
8. Cover cropping
1.Monoculture
Monoculture is continuous cultivation and production of only one crop on the same piece of land for years. For example, the production of sugar cane, banana etc...
Advantages and Disadvantages of Monoculture
Advantages
MASS PRODUCTION of food for the fast growing population is done.
Farmers become SPECIALIST because they focused on the cultivation of one crop for years.
Disadvantages
It encourages the BUILT UP and RAPID SPREAD of pest and diseases which attack the crop.
High chemical usage and pollution.
MIX CROPPING OR MULTIPLE CROPPING
Multiple cropping or mix cropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same plot of land.
Nb. It deals with crops only no animals.
Crops are chosen carefully so that:
1. Some crops have shorter growing period and others longer growing period.
2. Crops grow at different heights.
3. Some are deep-rooted ( has tap root system) and others are shallow- rooted (has fibrous root system).
ADVANTAGES OF MIX CROPPING
1. Constant income can be acquired because crops are intentional planted to be harvested at different times.
2. Control of soil erosion as different crops provide different form of vegetative cover to the soil.
3. A variety of crops are produced.
4. A reduction in pest infestation.
Intercropping is the cultivation of short term crops, such as lettuce, between other crop, such as sweet pepper, hot peppers.
Advantages
1. Farmers earn quick cash from the lettuce while the sweet peppers develop.
2. Land space is used up more efficiently.
Contour cropping is the planting of crops on hilly lands HORIZONTALLY.
Imaginary horizontal lines running across a hill is referred to as CONTOUR LINES.
It helps to conserve the soil on sloping land. The land is ploughed along the contours and then crops are planted. In this way, soil erosion through heavy rainfall is prevented.
Strip cropping refers to planting different crops in NARROW BANDS of varying WIDTH (a certain measurement) on flat, undulating or sloping land.
It is normally used as a soil conservation measure on slopes. It has
similar advantages as multiple cropping.
Phase cropping is a system of CONTINUOUS crop cultivation and harvesting.
A plot is divided into four sections.
The planting dates are sequenced so that
there is continuous cropping and harvesting
of the produce.
Advantages of Phase Cropping
1. Maintain a regular supply of produce to consumers and steady INCOME is received.
2. Prevention of oversupplying, or glut, of a commodity which would have the effect lowering the price on the market.
Cover cropping is the planting of crops that would run and cover the surface of the soil. For example, pumpkin, sweet potato, cucumber, melon etc…
Advantage
It prevents splash erosion.
It reduces weed growth.
Crop rotation is the cultivation of selected crops on the same plot of land one after the other after each have been harvested.
Crops can be selected based characteristics such as if the:
Crops are deep rooted or shallow rooted.
Crops are fruit crops (tomato), seed crop (bean), leaf crop (cabbage), root crop (beetroot).
Insects that feed on one type of plant may not feed on the other hence, when crop rotation is carried out insect populations and feeding patters are disrupted.
For example. Diamondback moth which is a pest of cabbages is not a pest of carrot. The carrot rust flies is a pest of carrots but not a pest of string beans. Cucumber beetle is a pest of string beans but not a pest of cabbage.
Advantages of mix farming
Mix farming is the production of both crops and livestock on the same farm.
1. Crops remains can be fed to animals hence, reduces feed cost for example, callaloo remains is fed to rabbits etc…
2. Manure from animals can be used on crops hence, reduce fertilizer costs for example, well broken chicken manure incorporated into pak choi planting beds.
3. Consistent income can be acquired.
Disabdvantages of Mix cropping
Animals can be very destructive to plants.

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