Hans Rosling's 200 Countries, 200 Years, 4 Minutes - The Joy of Stats - BBC Four

Subscribe and 🔔 to the BBC 👉 bit.ly/BBCKZbinSub
Watch the BBC first on iPlayer 👉 bbc.in/iPlayer-Home More about this programme: www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00wgq0l
Hans Rosling's famous lectures combine enormous quantities of public data with a sport's commentator's style to reveal the story of the world's past, present and future development. Now he explores stats in a way he has never done before - using augmented reality animation. In this spectacular section of 'The Joy of Stats' he tells the story of the world in 200 countries over 200 years using 120,000 numbers - in just four minutes. Plotting life expectancy against income for every country since 1810, Hans shows how the world we live in is radically different from the world most of us imagine.
#bbc
All our TV channels and S4C are available to watch live through BBC iPlayer, although some programmes may not be available to stream online due to rights. If you would like to read more on what types of programmes are available to watch live, check the 'Are all programmes that are broadcast available on BBC iPlayer?' FAQ 👉 bbc.in/2m8ks6v.

[@abbbby9787]

who here is doing online school right now?

[@sh4wty604]

Abbbby lmfaoo

[@svenwind3457]

Abbbby me lol

[@marcell5802]

Me💀

[@chasehuang3061]

+1 here.

[@JesseGolo]

Me.

[@hoplahey]

RIP Hans Rosling, 1948-2017.

[@dennisrose40]

hoplahey Thanks for this info. He was a wonderful human being. His personal presentation style and his graphics are great examples.

[@consuelobeck-sague7987]

Rest in peace... and thank you so much!

[@isaacs8783]

hoplahey shame to hear he died. We watched his talk on overpopulation in geography today and I found it fascinating and he was so animated. When did he die do you know.

[@leSingeMajestueux]

Nooo ? :'( This guy was so nice ! He explained better than anyone

[@MooMooManist]

It's so sad that he passed away so early!

[@ayotadhiambo]

Hans Rosling was truly one of the kind...A special human being indeed who believed in the possibilities of all countries in the world being healthy and wealthy.... He shall be greatly missed.

[@rka-truthalwayswins5127]

For Josep Borrell, Chief European Diplomat, "Europe is a "garden" while the rest of the world is a jungle"!! The REALITY is that from Spain to France via Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.. European & Western "garden" is built on the genocide of indigenous peoples and the plundering of the “jungle” From India To China To Africa & Native Americas and not on European ingenuity or ANY universal human values!! Meanwhile, a short period of 200 years demonstrates the health & prosperity of the world from Slavery/Colonization to Decolonization!! A period going back 15,000 years will show the REALITY & give a better picture of human evolution!!

[@linearmemories]

The video starts off with an extremely imperative and often overlooked fact: data is wildly more powerful when it is both easy to understand and engaging to the public. He certainly achieved both of those things in this short video.

[@Sincerely_Ibrahim]

"1948 was a great year, .... and I was born" :)

[@PushedToInsanity]

Very interesting. Love his passion for his job.

[@PaolaSanchez-hc5my]

Right? His passion is BOMB

[@pauljohnson-yk5dq]

I think many commenters missed the point of this video. Hans Rosling is trying to show the audience how effective Data Visualization can be as a communication tool if done correctly.

[@jocelynngh4393]

+paul johnson thought so too...any chance you know whats the tool used?

[@mikesmith2905]

Its available as a download at www.gapminder.org/downloads/ cheers Mike

[@Douken]

No. He was a statics person. And what he talks about is super interesting to me. You can check his full presentation Don’t Panic world population.

[@janetc4255]

im using this as my response on the module question, this it!

[@rachitanayak_]

Yess. I had to see this video as a part of a data visualization course.

[@josepharte]

He passed away from pancreatic cancer this morning. Rest in peace Hans. We'll keep on progressing!!!

[@louisehuang6208]

This video is one of the reasons why I am doing statistics today

[@zhemingzhang8980]

I like your "Beautiful Songs" list!

[@varunpandey1453]

Happy for you that you got it in the right time!

[@someoneunknown3873]

same

[@vishalcful]

The graphic design was done by Navneet Team in New Delhi/Germany. I'm proud to be part of this project which was finally used in BBC reel, a 5 months hardworking project. Thumbs up to all the team,

[@happyhippohooray]

It is with great sadness that I have learned that Hans Rosling passed away this morning. For me, this video was the greatest data story that's ever been told. His contributions to data storytelling and global health will be remembered long into the future.

[@BredaKansrijk]

RIP Hans Rosling ✨📊 Thank you for all your vivid presentations 🙋🏻‍♂️🌟

[@ELChilli]

Pretty neat!, häää?

[@jimmieakesson8816]

hmmm

[@amyzhang4798]

"WHAT A CATASTROPHE."

[@ericcheese7594]

WHAT AN APOSTROPHE.

[@lukem118]

"Pretty heat huh?"

[@fuzzyotterpaws4395]

Press 4 :D

[@jaylenrogers8289]

@amy zhang it means 1. Any large and disastrous event of great significance. 2. insurance A disaster beyond expectations 3. narratology The dramatic event that initiates the resolution of the plot in a tragedy. is this good enough

[@jaylenrogers8289]

@@pashadyne literally Eric and Amy did so read the whole comment before u try to come for me -_-

[@manavmanavchhuneja1]

Who's watching this in 2020? Stay at home people

[@fatzb5936]

Manav Chhuneja yep for my homework 😖

[@freddiechamberlain444]

Yup me 2

[@freddiechamberlain444]

I sat here thinking ‘hell next year what will those dots look like’

[@Its_Stunt]

*cough* 2020 *cough* *cough* corona *cough*

[@AK-jt7kh]

Fatz B Don’t you think it’s fascinating though? Like...not homework. Homework sucks. But the information...? Maybe it’s not as relevant to people when they’re still in school. Personally, I’m addicted to learning stuff like this, but then again, I’m also an adult. So. More time to build those dopamine feedback loops I guess. Lol.

[@supersomethings2276]

This video really made me appreciate statistics more. In my day to day life I tend to find stats often, and I consider them quite boring. But watching several countries in the world drop to the bottom of a chart for a split second, and then bounce back up really gives me a new sense of appreciation for stats. This is fantastic work.

[@sydneybjornson5703]

This video was phenomenal, this visual representation along with the enthusiasm of Hans Rosling keep me engaged and focused. Also, being able to see how far the world has come in 200 years gives me hope that we will just continue to move toward the "rich and healthy" corner.

[@sadatsani490]

R.I.P Hans Rosling. Your work is an inspiration to anyone trying to be a data scientist.

[@JamesZkey]

This was an incredible video. Truly inspiring to see such large numbers visualized. Thank you dearly for the upload BBC.

[@simonebrightstein9759]

still the most joyful way to make stats interesting and all due to the joy that is Hans Rosling.

[@youtubasoarus]

Amazing effort. Really goes to show we're in one of the most prosperous times in history.

[@Dcrtwr1974]

What is the name of this graph

[@gperson1967]

I'm glad your life is working out.

[@fernandomaia2328]

prosperity is a geometric progression, once increasing, will increase each time more fast

[@mrniusi11]

it also shows that Western culture is superior.

[@-Foxer-]

Some interesting criticism from another Swede academic : kzbin.info/www/bejne/haCslKagbt6mrNU

[@chrisdeboer4601]

Absolute legend! Making sure people see and hear facts too, instead of only headlines. We need people like this!

[@pyrrho314]

I heart Hans Rosling so much.

[@robertjordan114]

My absolute favorite visualization example ever! Outstanding presentation! Love it!

[@neoviv]

Totally awesome way to present the information.

[@kshitijkulkarni8698]

I love Hans Rosling and his work!!

[@BrentsTreehouse]

Hans Rosling will be sorely missed. I treat all of my population and sociology students to his presentations. We need more great communicators like him.

[@iasminmouta457]

Loved this video, his enthusiasm is contagious. Awesome work with the grafics too, thank you for this.

[@chirag_9121]

This was just *Amazing!* R.I.P Prof. Hans.

[@phil_the_swede]

I had the extraordinarily pleasure of watching late Mr Rosling live in 2015. If I remember correctly he spoke for about 2 hours about differences in and between countries and how little we actually know about it. He raised questions we didn’t know we wanted to ask, and flipped over assumptions we were convinced about. Today, in the middle of a pandemic, we wish more than ever that Rosling still was able to blow our minds with real facts. Despite the need for him, I’m still relieved that he didn’t have to go through yet another catastrophe after all the work he went through. If you haven’t already, I strongly suggest that you read his two books about him and his work. Rest In Peace Hans 💙

[@sreemoyeegupta1595]

what are the book names?

[@cessabells2]

This video was really helpful in terms of understanding our planet and the changes it’s been through the past several years. I appreciate the effort and time that’s been put into this video.

[@kyliebulloch1610]

I found this video very intriguing. Hans Rosling really knows what he is talking about and it kept you interested with all of the visuals that were included. The graphs/charts helped me process what he was explaining, and it helps show how much the world has changed over the years.

[@akon795]

I watched this video in my high school English class, and I found it quite fascinating. I have used Gapminder before, but I thought it was really cool, and engaging to have the visual and Hans Rosling explaining it. I really love the expression/excitement in Hans Rosling's voice, it makes watching this video much more interesting. I also really enjoy Hans Rosling's optimism for the future. I really like this video and I think it is a smart way to show how things have changed in terms of wealth and health in countries over the course of 200 years.

[@rorydong67]

I really like this video. It shows us how lucky we are to be living in this time period where life expediency has increased dramatically and less people are living in poverty.

[@katiefleming6790]

This is a very interesting and effective way of displaying information. Props to Hans Rosling and everyone behind this video for their efforts.

[@kingslayer6253]

It is amazing how the world has changed throughout the 200 years and amazing work from Hans Rosling's, he really shows the interest and passion for his job.

[@MarioSalimon]

Excellent. I looked for a hig res version all over the place. It would really be nice to see one.

[@viperx23]

I like to imagine he's walking around in an empty room trying to guess where the graph is, and the editor needs to keep moving it around so it matches up

[@shubd4369]

Great insight into the history of lifespans from all parts of the world. Very well put together!

[@mishawilson1535]

RIP Hans, Thank you for your awesome videos!

[@philonico]

Fabuleux. Merci pour cette explication

[@keri_gale]

This video puts a lot into perspective. Showing us how much the world has changed and developed in the past 200 years. I was extremely surprised at how well this graphic represents the evolution of the past 200 years within a 4 minute span. He put all of the data he collected into a very well put together visual presentation that allowed many of us to understand better than we have otherwise. It was amusing to see how much healthier and richer many countries got over the years. Hands down one of the best interpretations I have seen.

[@StarmarLoL]

I love you shawty

[@morgansjodin4859]

When the world can look increasingly dark, I return to Rosling's videos to see the big picture and the progress we are still making.

[@candyboo7654]

It's really amazing what you can learn in less than 5 minutes, this video really showed me how life was not so long ago and how far we have come.

[@hussienalbermany9182]

Amazing effort, obviously it took so much time and effort to make this video and it took a lot of man hours to collect all that data and put it all together. I really like how he said that aid, trade, green technology and peace will lead us to a better world and if the countries in the top right corner would help the poorer countries then maybe someday we may all be in the top right corner.

[@ManMadeDust]

This video was really interesting and it definitely raised some eyebrows by showing us how different life is now compared to 200 years ago and how our life expectancy has rapidly increased in the pass 200 years.

[@clarkakatiff6787]

I first viewed this in 2010 and found it anew as I searched for old correspondence with a colleague of mine. Still very useful to view.

[@oswalddas]

Hans Rosling's presentation is superb. He has explained the growth of world population very well and I have shared it in FB account.

[@baussier134]

2:56 Mao doing Mao's things in China

[@stevekellmeyer1929]

+Leonardo Silva Notice how he takes time out to show the difficulty created by WW I, but brazenly ignores Mao's "Great Leap Forward". Quite interesting

[@jeormarv3210]

The USA and many European counties blocked China's economy in the 40s and greatly staggered their economy, and sent many into poverty.

[@makaipost260]

I noticed that too.

[@goldslg001]

Yes and the Chinese gov. gets back so quickly.

[@jlaurson]

Not quite interesting. It's meant to be a 4 minute video, not an exhaustive analysis of why data moves as it does. That's in the long version. Hans Rosling would be -- would have been -- the last person to marginalize or ignore the grand, insane, misanthropic atrocities of Mao.

[@davidng8732]

One of the most optimistic public health researchers, or heck, any researchers, in the world. And he's right!

[@pcuimac]

He is just in the "what has been" department. The future does not look that prommissing. Fracking and Tar Sands will not make a dent. It will only worsen climate change cause by AGW. Energyconsumption did not decouple from economic output. In the next 30 years we need all the energy we have used in all of history before. Where will you get that much fossile fuels from? Extraction has allready peaked. A spike in demand would cause a massive recession because of peaking prices for mostly everything. We are in for a rough ride.

[@annieyennhi]

I have watched this video several times and I was astonished every time I watched it. Engaging, Informative and Vivid! 💯💯💯

[@mananbhandari1804]

I found this video to be very interesting and really informative. The way Hans Rosling and his team created a 3D Gap minder was a fantastic way to visualize the statistics. I hope that in the near future all the countries in the world will be living in the rich and healthy side of the graph.

[@leahcollingwood1494]

this was really cool!

[@some1new956]

did anyone else have to watch this for school? 😶

[@maurahabab6598]

Amazing video! Hans and the people who collected the information’s and created the graph worked so hard putting all of this together to show the world what many countries life expectancy was and the average income 200 years ago. After watching the video, I realized that in 1948, many countries in Asia had a life expectancy below 50 compared to many countries in Europe which had a life expectancy of above 50. But as the years go by, most of the countries in Asia had a life expectancy over 65 years old.

[@basmadahash1029]

Amazing. I keep watching it over and over!

[@aspenricca]

multiple classes have had me watch this at school

[@SkellsMakeup]

That was incredible!

[@prasannajanakiraman5832]

until you notice that the x-axis is logarithmic..

[@alexandern9353]

Nope. It remains incredible.

[@david.stachon]

Anyone else see him at the Tableau conference today (Sept 11, 2014)? Simply brilliant.

[@Rina-ub7qo]

Visually representing such important data in this way intrigues more people in these topics we should all be aware of. I am happy that Hans has showed the world how we have been/are evolving in an exciting manner. It shows that technology really has a way of educating the world, it is so up to date that we see it as nothing, but it holds a tremendous amount of power. It is such a quick way of getting to a point that would usually take a long time to get across. The concept of a year is a long time, but going through it in a second is exciting and entertaining, which is exactly why Hans Rosling portrayed it that way. It shows the importance of time and how our world is evolving so quickly. Hans illustrates such an important topic in a powerful way.

[@FarrellManalif]

It is fascinating how the world population, and the economy of every single countries moving up from time-time.

[@Chesterton7]

Beautiful.

[@mat7540]

yea im stealing this

[@anjummadani]

What a performance! What a magical demonstration of technical virtuosity! And, finally, what a triumph for the fantastic team behind this supremely elegant work! Please, please give us more! Ye are Gods in the making if you but knew!

[@anabeatrizscomparin5511]

Really interesting video!! We don’t realize how much the world has changed until we see videos like this one, and thank that it is always getting better and better in some aspects...

[@ShowaShorts63]

Be honest your Geography teacher made you watch this

[@edwardpeters2648]

history

[@marinaorp]

"pretty neat, uh?" awesome video!

[@elizabethanne292]

This video is very interesting to watch and has really made me think about the world in a different way.

[@zraihan100]

Super presentation. I really appreciate the way he shows the life span of people in the world. Thanks Hans Rosling's for nice presentation.

[@ovidiuc]

Only 6 million people saw this while gangnam style has ~2,222,137,059 views. Talk about priorities in life :))

[@dilipvaishnav5996]

it is a natural phenomenon...... look at ur thighs,,,, they r huze ....weight in kgs..... compare this with ur endocrine glands ....they r tiny ....weight in mgs ...... but they affect almost every cell of body..... same is d case is wid our socity..... ( r u getting my point ???? :)

[@ovidiuc]

Dilip Vaishnav you mean...'it's the little things that count'? or something like that

[@dilipvaishnav5996]

I mean ..... its not the size which is allways important ...... there vl b more peoples watching cricket or football or worse senceless daily soaps ......... don't loose ur heart for numbers ;)

[@alanb8971]

Sadly, this wonderful fellow passed away today. Thanks for everything, Hans.

[@jessicanissen9845]

wow! I never could have seen that type of information being displayed in this way, it has really opened my eyes to see these stats and how much each country has grown over the last 200 years.

[@johncalungsod8643]

This video was really helpful in regards of learning about the changes that have occurs from the past years. I think that Hans Rosling was really specific about this topic.

[@KathleenBeisly]

What a fascinating way to visualize data. This would be do dull in a PowerPoint presentation. And a fascinating topic as well, you can easily understand how the increase in life expectancy, combined with increased wealth, have dramatically impacted population growth.

[@jacks0n464]

i need help with the increase in wealth in these countries

[@aspenricca]

1:54 is my favorite part idk why I feel i need to meme this

[@fuzzyotterpaws4395]

Press 4 :D

[@flyskypear]

Amazing video. I still remember it after maybe 5 years when I first saw it. RIP.

[@ajiteshsandhu6051]

its crazy to see how this video is visually representing so much information about the growth of the world in the past 200 years and how some nations have improved differently over the years. this video is very well represented and is really interesting to watch as well.

[@dodarexx]

Who is watching this in online school 2.0

[@behlingj]

A silly summary might help you in class: They all began really poor and sick, then, the Industrial Revolution impacted a lot on wealth and health growth in Europe while Asia and Africa didn't grow at all. The First World War, Spanish flu epidemic and The Second World War had a negative impact on development in all countries. The Western countries were way healthier and richer than South American and Asian countries and Africa was stuck in civil war.. After these tragedies, the colonies gained independence and started to get healthier and Latin America and Asian started to follow up the Western countries. There is a big difference between the best and the worst countries, but every country now is following the line and trying to be rich and healthy. I hope this helps! P.s.: Im Brazilian, sorry any bad grammar.

[@kaylamaners8069]

THANK YOU!! :)

[@blaize08]

This video is very interesting and helpful. It helps me understand how the world changes throughout the years. Hans Rosling explained it very well.

[@Theodoreorion]

Fascinating stuff! I've seen this graph many times before, but it never ceases to amaze me to actually see the quality of life increase in such a short amount of time. Also it's nice to hear an optimistic prospective of Earth's future than all this dystopian stuff I so often hear.

[@TheCynicalOne24]

This was very interesting. I'm glad that the age that we may die at is higher then 40 years old and I'm glad to see that the poor countries are getting healthier as the years go by.

[@BlackFlashDrive]

The reason why it's so low is bc of infant mortality, not bc ppl are dying at 40

[@SirMrRoack]

Dat logarithmic scale of income tho

[@ernestmoney7252]

Imagine what the Western/African income discrepancy would look like with a linear x-axis. Most commenters here don't get it. Rosling has them fooled.

[@baaaaaaz]

Mmm agreed but the non-linear axis gives a more accurate portrayal of purchasing power between countries $400 in Ghana will buy you a lot more than $400 in USA

[@alexanderkoll9616]

No big deal. Linear scale has a domain of scale from about 300 dollars to 150000 dollars - in the 1800s, this would result in lots of wasted space to fit in the data, which in turn would make it look like the countries were all kind of the same (just a bunch of boxes close to each other). It is fairly easy to replicate this if you want to try it out: 1 ) github.com/bloomberg/bqplot click on the image to see the python bqplot code - get the json file from github.com/bloomberg/bqplot/tree/master/examples/data_files and correct the file path in data = pd.read_json so that it matches your local copy of the nations.json file afterwards, just change x_sc to linear like this; x_sc = LinearScale and run all cells 2 )github.com/adamjanes/udemy-d3/blob/master/06/6.07/js/main.js Adam Janes' Udemy course called "Mastering data visualization in D3.js" which even has a section in the scale and axes sections that shows it in linear and log scale.

[@NotASummoner]

@@ernestmoney7252 Fooled? You actually want a linear scale? A linear scale would place Sweden and Norway as far from eachother economically as Burundi and Indonesia (Both cases being about 12000 GDP (PPP) per capita). Do you seriously think that would be a more accurate representation of the world? That chart would truly fuel the ignorance that Burundi and Indonesia are as similar economically as Sweden and Norway. Ridiculous.

[@shashankagrawal1058]

great work it feels amazing to see 105120000 minutes of changes around the world in only 4 minutes

[@ethanschuster3333]

very eye-opening video Hans! You have really encouraged me to think about the future and what is to come.

[@elvisperez8107]

I'm only watching this video because my teacher assigned me homework on this.

[@sarah-mt3uo]

Baka samee.

[@conservativedeveloper7289]

lool same, but it is interesting.

[@ElliePaige13]

YEP YEAR 8 GEOGRAPHY: DEVELOPMENT

[@ElliePaige13]

HI HOLLY ITS ME ELOISE FROM UR SCHOOL 😀😀😀😀

[@JudahHimango]

Come for the homework, stay for the amazing visualization and awesome reality of the improving world.

[@karlivanmeneses6199]

2020: Every country goes down - Covid19

[@paulturley5793]

Even though created over seven years ago, Hans Rosling's original moving bubble chart presentation is one of the move impactful data visualization examples ever. The message is so clear. Many software vendors have since adopted it.

[@peripecia]

R.I.P. Hans Rosling. Thank you for your wonderful infographic lessons.

[@Andrea-zo4qy]

2020 saw the world heading towards health and wealth and was like "lemme do something about that real quick"

[@SamDurkSheff]

While far too many people have died and each death is tragic, I don't think the Covid numbers would impact that graph much at all. It's mostly older people who are succumbing and even the total numbers of those who have died are miniscule when compared to global population (current fatality rate globally is very roughly that about 1 in every 5,000 people has died from Covid - I think!). Would be interesting to see an updated version though!

[@moosie1237]

RIP😢

[@shrutimehta1411]

This video is very helpful. Thanks for creating and sharing.

[@janetgoncharenko2723]

I really enjoyed this video, sometimes you really need to be able to visualize and put into perspective things like this that go on in the world even without complete media coverage. it really good to be able to actually put into perspective the fact rather than just reading or hearing them and not remembering a thing

[@hdgamer6469]

"in the most up do date statistics" shows 2009..... BRUV this video is old

[@9tupdtfh]

would like to see a 2016 status report

[@goldslg001]

www.gapminder.org/data/ check it

[@kianalee3288]

I found this video very fascinating and a great way to present statistics. This video showed me that Hans Rosling is very passionate about his work. The way he presented the development of the world in terms of health and wealth over the past 200 years was outstanding. With the use of Gap minder in the presentation, it kept me engaged and helped me understand the topic more.

[@martinafernandes6094]

Such a great video!! Super informative!

[@richierichmich]

Any chance of updating to factor in the economic duress since 2009?

[@goldslg001]

there is a website they did not mention the data comes from:www.gapminder.org/data/ you can find more data there and thats very interesting.

[@ryanlacroix6425]

As people become more wealthy and see capitalistic consumerism and being able to give them the things they weren't able to have before then we'll have a world of high consumption and endless demand. Can the world support 9 billion people demanding at the same rate as North Americans or Europeans? I think it's very important to also look at the problems that the world faces and I don't think the solution is the path we're on. The entire population of Earth, together, needs to recognize that a highly populated and wealthy world in a capitalist system where individuals are able to consume whatever the demand because they have enough money to buy it ignoring any kind of environmental degredation, human and animal health impacts/exploitation, and linear economies that ignore waste streams in their production life cycles is totally untenable. The solution lies in recognizing that the benefits achieved by modern wealthy and healthy nations was built on exploiting foreign nations through force and lopsided trade deals, slave labour of foreign people and their own poor, being ignorant of or not caring about environmental impacts of massive industrialization, and the myth that having the money to buy something means that you have the right to buy that thing regardless of the resources needed to produce it and ship it, the environmental impact and the impact on people and animals involved all throughout the supply chain. The central tenet of supply and demand is the main part that's broken here. Demand is not a sufficient criteria, it infantalizes people into expecting to get whatever they want because they want it and they have the money for it. That is a system designed to break with a massive population all wanting the same things and all having the ability to buy them.

[@ryanlacroix6425]

I don't think you got the point. A totally free market with no restrictions is a huge liability to environmental and human health because human greed will be allowed to outweigh any complaints against it as we are seeing now. Oil industries poisoning first nations communities and tech companies demanding cobalt causing "artisnal" miners who are people in the Congo, sometimes children, that are driven to take huge risks to "supply" the "demand" regardless to health and safety. Do you argue that any business operation has no responsibility for the effects it causes in the world for its ability to run and exist like the examples shown above? I'm not taking away that markets have allowed people to get out of poverty, that's true. But going to the extreme side of totally free markets without restrictions or the other way with a communist economy controlled by a central government isn't going to work. It has to be somewhere in between where individual capacity is respected and encouraged but not at the cost of anyone else's ability to life safely and healthily. A good way to see this is through the comments of a US libertarian radio host (I forget his name) who said that slavery should be legal because he should have the right to own slaves if he wants to and that's his right as an individual. But the problem is that by giving himself these rights by being an individual he has totally ignored that those same rights must be given to the people he'd be enslaving. The whole concept is senseless and breaks upon its own foundations.

[@joshuaevans4714]

+Ryan Lacroix Before I get too deep into this, first (just because I'm curious), what are you calling a linear economy? The act of acquiring resources, using those resources in some sort of product, and then dumping those products once we are done with them rather than recycling them? You say we must recognize that "modern wealthy and healthy nations" exploited nations in order to become wealthy. Can you give clear examples of how that has happened since Capitalism's inception in the 1800s? About people not having the right to buy a good solely because they possess the amount of money required to do so, then what is it that would give that right? Hypothetically, what is it that would give me the right to buy a pizza if it is not money? A pizza company pays a supplier for the inputs it uses to make its pizzas, so those people have been compensated, and I paid the pizza company for their pizza, so the pizza company's workers are compensated. Nobody has ever bothered me about not paying enough for a pizza because I only paid regular menu price. Of course I cannot personally be further indebted to the workers, so is it the environment that I am indebted? How do you quantify indebtedness to the environment on a per-person, per-item basis? You say that demand is an insufficient criterion for supply and demand, yet it is difficult to determine why you think so. Demand is insufficient as a single criterion for what reason? About people being "infantilized" by capitalist systems, and I think you question the excessive use of our resources specifically (the sense of entitlement that many people in capitalist systems have does not come from capitalism in my opinion, rather it comes from socialist policies that tell people they are entitled to certain things that they are not actually entitled to in capitalist systems like jobs, healthcare, food, etc.; in capitalist systems, you are responsible for working for everything, and it is likely that it would not be so hard to do so if the market had not adapted to government subsidies in markets like college education), it is probably true that Capitalism at its current rate is unsustainable because we would eventually expend our resources, and cause the extinction of most of the other species on Earth (which would eventually harm our survivability, moral problems aside), but we should use Capitalism to draw attention to this problem and solve it (there are plenty of companies trying to in different ways; Google/Alphabet being at the forefront). I do not that it would ever be advantageous to adopt a purely socialist or socialist-leaning economic philosophy for numerous reasons, especially that the governments that claim to adhere to those philosophies abuse the power given to them by those philosophies, which is disastrous because both socialism and communism give so much power to the government. Socialists and communists want to a government that can effectively manage the allocation of goods and services, and there will never be a government that can appropriately and consistently do so. In any case, I and a great number of people agree with you that something has to be done about our resource usage and our environmental impact, but I think that most socialist-leaning policies do far more harm than good. People need to understand that the fact that we have great things and great economies throughout our world does not entitle anyone to anything beyond what they are able to legally purchase through their hard work, and that they must still struggle for their survival, regardless of the economic system.

[@abhishek15894]

Rockstar! I wish he was alive now! I wish he was my teacher! But now i gain inspiration from him, being awestruck by the magic he showcases with data and learning how i can tell such amazing broad detailed stories for such long timelines myself hoping to fit in the shoes of this great man!

[@muradcheway6625]

I didn't expect this video to be good, but after watching the video, it opened my eyes and i recommend people to take time out of there day to watch this.