HIGH SPEED FLIGHT & FLYING ABOVE SPEED OF SOUND MACH SHELL OIL CO. EDUCATIONAL FILM 45604

One of a series of wonderful films made by the Shell Oil Co., "High Speed Flight simplified version" -- presents material from three previous Shell films -- "Approaching the Speed of Sound", "Transonic Flight" and "Beyond the Speed of Sound". "High Speed Flight" gives an overview of the challenges of flying close to or above the speed of sound, and features a variety of British jet aircraft to demonstrate the design principles at work. It describes how sound travels, Mach speeds, the concepts of compressibility, and more. In short, the film discusses and explains the behavior of air flow at speeds approaching, at, and beyond the speed of sound, and demonstrates the effects on aircraft, and points out modifications necessary to overcome resulting problems.
Some of the aircraft shown include the Bristol 188, a British supersonic research aircraft built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company in the 1950s, the Boeing 707 prototype at 11:10, and others. We're having trouble identifying the aircraft in this film -- what is the one at 11:14? -- so if you can help please comment below!
In high-speed flight the assumptions of incompressibility of the air used in low-speed aerodynamics no longer apply. In subsonic aerodynamics, the theory of lift is based upon the forces generated on a body and a moving gas in which it is immersed. At airspeeds below about 260 knots, air can be considered incompressible, in that at a fixed altitude, its density remains nearly constant while its pressure varies. Under this assumption, air acts the same as water and is classified as a fluid.
Subsonic aerodynamic theory also assumes the effects of viscosity the property of a fluid that tends to prevent motion of one part of the fluid with respect to another are negligible, and classifies air as an ideal fluid, conforming to the principles of ideal-fluid aerodynamics such as continuity, Bernoulli's principle, and circulation. In reality, air is compressible and viscous. While the effects of these properties are negligible at low speeds, compressibility effects in particular become increasingly important as airspeed increases.
Compressibility and to a lesser extent viscosity is of paramount importance at speeds approaching the speed of sound. In these transonic speed ranges, compressibility causes a change in the density of the air around an airplane.
During flight, a wing produces lift by accelerating the airflow over the upper surface. This accelerated air can, and does, reach supersonic speeds, even though the airplane itself may be flying at a subsonic airspeed Mach number less than 1.0. At some extreme angles of attack, in some airplanes, the speed of the air over the top surface of the wing may be double the airplane’s airspeed. It is therefore entirely possible to have both supersonic and subsonic airflow on an airplane at the same time. When flow velocities reach sonic speeds at some location on an airplane such as the area of maximum camber on the wing, further acceleration will result in the onset of compressibility effects such as shock wave formation, drag increase, buffeting, stability, and control difficulties. Subsonic flow principles are invalid at all speeds above this point.
In high-speed flight the assumptions of incompressibility of the air used in low-speed aerodynamics no longer apply. In subsonic aerodynamics, the theory of lift is based upon the forces generated on a body and a moving gas in which it is immersed. At airspeeds below about 260 knots, air can be considered incompressible, in that at a fixed altitude, its density remains nearly constant while its pressure varies. Under this assumption, air acts the same as water and is classified as a fluid.
Subsonic aerodynamic theory also assumes the effects of viscosity are negligible, and classifies air as an ideal fluid, conforming to the principles of ideal-fluid aerodynamics such as continuity, Bernoulli's principle, and circulation. In reality, air is compressible and viscous. While the effects of these properties are negligible at low speeds, compressibility effects in particular become increasingly important as airspeed increases. Compressibility is of paramount importance at speeds approaching the speed of sound. In these transonic speed ranges, compressibility causes a change in the density of the air around an airplane.
This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD, 2k and 4k. For more information visit www.PeriscopeFilm.com

[@ToliniDaniel]

It's amazing how old videos filled with information are absolutely marvelous. They simplify hard science to normal people, when information was so scarce that this was all you could get. I found myself here as I was studying for my comercial pilot's license, and this video absolutely summerizes over 60 pages worth of too much information and science that a normal pilot would never need. Thankfully I can legit study, review and absorb as much information as I can on this videos. Thank you very much for the restoration and upload, and keep up the good work!

[@prmduarte]

Those old videos are simply incredible. I wonder whether it’s because today everyone values fast and deep knowledge communication whereas in the old days the pace was much slower and you could take the time to really flavor the concepts of each information. The narrator takes his time to explain!

[@josephastier7421]

That Schlieren wind tunnel is the perfect way to show the viewer what happens rather than tell them.

[@n1msu]

Brilliant, basic yet very informative video, well explained, I reckon a 10 year old would understand it. Comes to show that to impart knowledge, fancy 3d cgi images aren't needed. Just basic videos that are simple and don't overwhelm viewer with additional info.

[@legrandhanf]

Very well explained. Also, great description! It helped me understand concepts I missed or didn't understand.

[@aeronauticallyyours]

studying for my ATPL exams, this video helped me a lot!

[@richie2544]

Very informative when learning aerodynamics

[@muradbaba925]

Beautifuly explained, thanks a lot for sharing 👍👍👍

[@hckyplyr9285]

To answer your query at 11:14, that is a Folland Gnat, a British trainer and light fighter.

[@PeriscopeFilm]

Thank you, it was driving us crazy that we could not figure it out. For those interested, Wikipedia says "The Folland Gnat is a small, swept-wing British subsonic jet trainer and light fighter aircraft developed by Folland Aircraftfor the Royal Air Force. The Gnat was designed by W.E.W. Petter as a development of the private venture Folland Midge. It first flew in 1955. Its design allowed its construction without specialised tools by countries not highly industrialised. Although never used as a fighter by the Royal Air Force (RAF), the Gnat T.1 trainer variant was widely used. The Gnat became well known as the aircraft of the RAF's Red Arrows aerobatic team. The Gnat was exported to Finland, Yugoslavia and India. The Indian Air Force became the largest operator and eventually manufactured the aircraft under licence. India then developed the HAL Ajeet, a modified and improved variant."

[@paraglidingindia]

Crisp explanation about Mach.

[@joshA360]

Thanks alot for this video!! Very helpful

[@nonovyerbusiness9517]

Excellent video, very informative.

[@edtad9549]

The best wat to explain high speed!

[@Buzzardlead]

Nice ad ,!

[@pilotdinos]

Helped me with PoF, Thank you!!

[@Nic-oi2yn]

thanks dunlap

[@MolotovWithLux]

Station area traffic improvement scheme #permittedvirtualflightpaths #Energyspark

[@MolotovWithLux]

#AbovetheSpeedofSound

[@alexandrpetrov1110]

Great video!

[@kurtbjorn]

TR-3B at 20:20!

[@PeriscopeFilm]

LOL

[@cowboybob7093]

Nice clip series, a snapshot of the contemporary theory which for the most part has not been superceded. 1:05 This illustration is one a student in the 21st century might consider a more recent explanation. That said, even experts at the time of this comment agree their model is not complete. In other words, the mystery of flight has not revealed her full nature as of yet.

[@The_Flying_Mechanic]

Ole Bernoulli still holds true... not sure what I would change about that clip. Just curious what you were thinking here?

[@josephastier7421]

@@The_Flying_Mechanic I think he means that the air flowing over the curved surface of the wing and the air flowing below the flat surface do not rejoin at the same time at the back of the wing as this video suggests. So a linear computation of lift based on the extra distance the upper air must travel based on the Bernoulli relation of speed to pressure is incorrect. Here is the effect in action: kzbin.info/www/bejne/i6KlnpeQYqeBn8k

[@hamadalkatheeri784]

الي من المعهد و جالس يشوف المقطع لا تبخل بالدعاء على المعهد

[@roadtrippin2781]

The stupid fake film noise is obnoxious...

[@godfreypoon5148]

Timestamp?