Histology of Pituitary gland \ Hypophysis Cerebri

The pituitary (also known as the hypophysis) is found at the base of the brain, about 1cm in diameter, lying beneath the third ventricle in a bony cavity (sella turcica) in the base of the skull. It has a complex structure
The anterior and posterior parts of the pituitary have different embryological origins.
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This picture of the pituitary has been stained with PAS and orange G. You should be able to identify the anterior and posterior pituitary. (The brightly stained part is the anterior). Rathke's pouch (vestiges of) is stained bright purple, by this stain.
The posterior part of the pituitary has its embryological origins in nervous tissue. It is formed from a downgrowth of the diencephalon that forms the floor of the third ventricle.
The anterior part is derived from an upgrowth from the oral ectoderm of the primitive oral cavity called Rathke's pouch.
Along the posterior part of the the anterior lobe there is a narrow region called the pars intermedia, which also has its embryological origin in Rathke's pounch. The pars intermedia is poorly developed in humans. The glandular epithelial part of the pituitary is also called the adenohypophysis - (anterior pituitary, pars intermedia and pars tuberalis).
These different origins are reflected in the histological structure of the anterior and posterior parts of the pituitary.
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This is a magnified image of the anterior pituitary, stained with H&E showing two types of chromophils; pink - acidophils, which are more common, and purple - basophils. (Occasionally, you may be able to identify a third type, which are poorly stained, these are resting/degranulated chromophils)
Anterior Pituitary
You should also be able to see two types of chromophils (cells which take up stain) called acidophils and basophils.
Acidophils and basophils are divided into different classes of cells which have different secretory products and target organs. The subtypes of acidophils and basophils, are described in the table below. These cannot be distinguished by H&E or other histological stains, but can be stained specifically by immunohistochemical techniques.
The anterior pituitary secretes five different types of hormone. See the table below.
The capillaries in this gland are fenestrated, to enable passage of hormones from the secretory cells into the bloodstream.
Glandular Disorders and diseases
The anterior pituitary also contains one type of chromophobe (cells which stain only weakly) These are resting/degranulated chromophils.
Posterior Pituitary.
The posterior pituitary looks very different to the anterior pituitary (see adjacent image). It contains non-myelinated axons which are the neurosecretory cells. The cell bodies of these cells are located in the hypothalamus.
It only secretes two hormones:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which acts on the kidney, and oxytocin, which acts on the uterus.

[@austinbrainfield]

This definitely helped for a quick homework…thank you🙏🏾

[@sajidabegum4555]

Clear explaination 👌

[@naimatullahkhan3988]

When you've complete the video just take your camera little zoom out. Then we will take screen Shot easily of all your lecture

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

Sure, thank you 😊

[@hownottoplay2892]

Thankyou for covering this topic

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

You're welcome 😊

[@anirbanpaul3817]

Thanks ma'am for explaining the Concept in a very nice way ❤ 👌

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

You're welcome 😊, keep watching ❤️

[@lakshmisravanabs3209]

Very clear 🙌

[@MukthyarMunnu]

Very good video

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

Thank you 😊

[@abhishekmukherji2332]

Beautifully explained with clean diagrams and arrows 🔥..could you edit the video and also show HERRING body in post pit along with its contents

[@batoolriz3229]

You explained really well 👍

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

Thanks a lot 😊

[@mmasudrkhondaker01]

Very helpful 😍

[@madhusbio-globe8219]

Thank you mam helped me a lot pls make more videos on histology

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

You're welcome 😊 sure

[@akanksha6808]

Awesome

[@radhakrishnanravichandran534]

Awesome explanation mam 👌👌👌👌...tq mam...🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

You're welcome 😊

[@Amitkumar-fj4sd]

Thanks

[@shaiklathifmunnisha1426]

Tq so much mam for such clear explanation

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

You're welcome, keep watching ❤️

[@shreysrivastav1576]

Thanks a lot

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

You're welcome 😊

[@sanjulawickremasinghe3793]

Thank you madam

[@flashxd6156]

Acth should be released from pars Anterior.?

[@sayantanpaul1655]

Your voice is just like smriti mandhana

[@fizaliaquat3995]

mam can u Plzz tell me sinusoidal capillaries are derived from from where in the anterior pituitary are they derive. from anterior superior hypophyseal arteries? mam Plzz tell me I am very much confuse about this?

[@the_mmb]

Very much helpful

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

Thank you 😊

[@inayatullah4919]

Very nicely presented. Respected teacher can you till me why thyrotrophs,corticotrophs,and gonadotrophs are basophilic while lactotrops and somatotrophs are acidophilic

[@sayantanpaul1655]

That's because of the nature of their hormone...growth hormone and prolactin are large peptides of 191 and 199 amino acid respectively and contain lot of basic amino acids that ultimately make them acidophilic....whereas TSH and FSH LH are glycoprotein which contains carbohydrates apart from amino acids and they have an acidic character due to negative charges....I hope I made my point clear

[@athira97]

thankyou maam pls do all histo topics do pars anterior also

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

You're welcome 😊 Sure.

[@janinayatjaninayat9264]

Thank you ma'am

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

You're welcome 😊

[@kunalsonkusale8129]

Mam could you make videos on colour vision and accommodation of eye please 🙂

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

Yeah sure😊

[@wajeehashah7103]

So imp for OSPE

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

drive.google.com/file/d/18eehoG_8cp2Tp8TDSvGATv2dyqkRMs3a/view?usp=drivesdk

[@srushtiraskar8835]

🙏

[@aiimsdelhineet4865]

#NEETASPIRANT here!

[@vishvajitkanzariya9970]

You are doing great job Mam plz I want some following topic histology can you upload this if you can then very helpful for me Stomach Cerebellum Thymus Liver Urinary bladder Kidney Tongue Ureter Supra renal gland

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

Thank you.😊 Histology of cerebellum kzbin.info/www/bejne/sIrdi2V_lt18iZI Histology of liver kzbin.info/www/bejne/eKfTemmFiJmZpM0 Remaining Histology topics will be uploaded shortly.

[@vishvajitkanzariya9970]

@@Dr.KareemaTabassum thank you so much mam you are great plz remaining topic upload ad early as possible mam thank you once again

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

You're welcome 😊. Sure.

[@hadiyashariff4100]

Thankkkkkkkkksssss

[@Dr.KareemaTabassum]

You're welcome 😊, keep supporting ❤️