How can we find ""new"" """species""" of ancient human?

[@StefanMilo]

Big thanks to KiwiCo for sponsoring this video! Check out www.kiwico.com/stefan and use code STEFAN for 50% off your first crate of a monthly club.

[@DryptosaurusDavid]

I want to ask a question to a science communicator. If I want to make videos on archaeological sites and history like Ancient Egypt, and Ancient Polynesia, and I do as much reasearch into archaeology as possible, and do my best to tell every fact as possible, will I be labeled as a Pseudo-archaeologist or a science communicator?

[@InternetStranger476]

Wholesome sponsor, nice job

[@americannapalm]

You have evidence of their artwork but it's dismissed downplayed or completely misunderstood. The Venus of hohle fels is way more sophisticated than is realized. Start by turning it upside down

[@jinxedfates]

my neice and nephew are about to love this lol

[@deathwarmedover]

You know it's a good week when you get Stefan Milo and Dan Davis in the same time frame. Awesome stuff Stefan.

[@LudosErgoSum]

Dan Davis is the boss!!!💪💪💪

[@buttpub]

good video yet again, but a good week? nah, this has been a shitty week

[@SupahGeck]

Holy crap I watched the Nebula special about ancient people's fascination with medicinal plants and totally didn't expect a whole different hour episode to drop too! I appreciate you going hard for us man.

[@icedcoffee222]

Hey what’s that nebula special please? Sounds interesting

[@dannybrown5744]

Im so glad i have a bell for Milo. Always good contest for years now, with the plastic spoon and during covid you kept me from going bonkers

[@philomenahearn1717]

Thank you Milo for introducing us to such diverse and obscure subjects but that still follow our archaeological thread. This topic had me feeling puzzled as you often looked …. But it became clearer by the end. And yes the tangent over Chinese data compared to European data ( no doubt we have USA to thank for that data) was particularly interesting tome - I had my dna and that of my daughter compared on two different dna research sites. One was more “accurate” than the other and it was because one was more USA based and the other relied more on family trees from paper/historic records… an illegitimate grandmother put a spanner in the works records wise but dna showed that her father was from the Indian continent. The site relying on predominantly paper records missed that connection (even though they claimed to use dna) so perhaps it was also down to their company not having enough diverse dna data

[@t1t0s89]

It's funny seeing these tools being used and explained to one of my favourite anthropology creators. And really cool that deamination was so easily visualised. As a molecular biologist it's one of the reasons we use slightly alkaline buffers to store DNA because acidic environments leads to deamination.

[@omgmo1962]

Also mol bio, I love seeing our field being explained and people realizing the scope of it all! DNA is AMAZING

[@69Buddha]

Laurits was absolutely fantastic! I didn't realize this was over an hour long when I started, but I enjoyed every minute of it. I particularly love the geneticist question (not specifically stated, but inferred) of "how different does DNA have to get before we draw a line and say 'new species?'" I think we like things arranged neatly into boxes, and I also think nature just doesn't care.

[@fred5763]

@19:05 "Little powerhouses"... "The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell" echos in my mind

[@sarcastaball]

One hour video from mr Milo? Yes please! ❤

[@DryptosaurusDavid]

Never been this early to a video about human history.

[@kyleschoonover8013]

Me either 😅

[@nicomartinez2168]

how tf

[@ivanthegreat1004]

Same

[@Catfish-8u]

I'm not the same. When I see it, I jump on it like a cat chasing a sock on a string.

[@paulwhite6995]

Really wish after that I had a beer in the fridge! Very enlightening. Laurits Skov is a great communicator and filled in some blanks for me too.

[@fridocalifornia6276]

Loarie Scott

[@kb3964]

Really enjoyed this and actually understood when you both broke it down. Thanks so much, look for to collab four in the future.

[@davidharrison7072]

I really enjoyed that introduction to ancient genetics. I feel like I understand it so much better now. I'm so thrilled by all the information ancient DNA is providing about the past, but details and the science behind it can seem daunting. Thanks for tackling this topic!

[@phillipmitchell2254]

Stefan! Thank you for existing king

[@rosssmith8087]

Thank you Stefan for an awesome video on a topic I've been wanting to understand. It's fair to say I still don't really understand (this video is going to get a lot of repeat views), but it is such a an amazing subject that really enriches who we are and where we have come from. Laurits did a fantastic job at trying to explain such a complex topic. I think at the end of the day I'm going to trust the science and all the people like Laurits doing this work. I can't wait to see more of this story unfold.

[@icedcoffee222]

Hey Stefan your content is amazing I look forward to your videos all the time! Thanks for all your hard work! Keep em coming x

[@Buffalozilla]

Uploading an hour long video at midnight is diabolical Stephan

[@omgmo1962]

It was only around 4pm where he lives 😂

[@BoraBaeOT7]

What a great conversation!

[@jasonburbank2047]

So incredibly wholesome and fascinating!

[@Jobe-13]

I wish the 7 other human species were still around. In a way, knowing that there used to be 7 other sibling species to us makes me feel like we’re alone.

[@philomenahearn1717]

But in a way they are, they’re in our genes - “absorbed” by us

[@anthonyproffitt5341]

But we aren’t. Multiple times we have had a branch of humanity have a population growth explosion and spread across multiple continents and mix with sister species to create new branches. In the world today we have hundreds of separate branches of humanity that are somewhat homogeneous. Then in highly populated metropolis and regiopolis we have a melting pot of those groups mixing.

[@AmandaComeauCreates]

When species lack diversity they are more susceptible to extinction. COVID was a great example of a potential species ending event. So it is very concerning

[@ratman6525]

Hell yeah !! Never been this early!

[@imperfectclark]

Always good vibes... love learning about human origins with Stefan 👍

[@S-uuuu]

What an excellent video. I really enjoyed this. Thanks lads!

[@Invading-Specious]

thank you for sharing.😊

[@UncleDansVintageVinyl]

Thanks, Stefan, and thanks, Dr. Skov! This is fascinating!

[@marianneb.7112]

Thank you both so much! This was fascinating. I'll have to watch it again to try to absorb it all, but I'm learning so much. What a treat! 💝

[@susanpatterson7088]

I really enjoyed the genetics talk!

[@iDk-dp1bi]

You’re currently carrying me (motivationally) through my archaeology degree

[@Georgewilliamherbert]

I could immediately tell that was Berkeley, the trees and garden layout are distinctive. Used to hang out there all the time… err, 35 years ago. But still immediately identifiable.

[@juanpascallucianobravado6112]

This is so amazing on happy smoke.

[@theg0z0n]

New Smilo! And Skov reappearance? Today was a good day!

[@shooter575]

Dang, my head hurts. Not as bad as yours trying to edit this. Thanks for another great video.

[@joelrussell9395]

Why are all the skulls in the background facing away from the camera? Will accept any reason, just curious.

[@StefanMilo]

My daughter was trying to take a nap and got scared

[@seamusoblainn]

​@@StefanMiloahhh, that's adorable 🐹

[@wendyamsterdam8482]

Yes, new video🎉

[@rebeccaketner816]

New Milo vid!! On It!!

[@ThatGuy-je3nk]

A fun thing to try...pineapple juice mix quickly with siliva take out quickly...result a strand that resembles the dna structure we see illustrated

[@MichaelMikeTheRussianBot]

Great video. Lots to think about. Thanks for that! :)

[@ChitwoodMitwood]

Finally, I get it all!! I think!! Just don't ask me to explain it !! Thanks so much you guys even if I only got a little tiny bit of it all .

[@cbhlde]

Yeah, he said the line: "mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells"! 😅😉😇

[@Hellemokers]

I want this 5 hours

[@fridocalifornia6276]

Keep inviting Scott Loarie please, he is extremely good at explaining genetics.

[@Zubinrube]

BABE WAKE UP, NEW MILO JUST DROPPED

[@TheTrekkie12]

Ah jeez now i can't wait for genetics to identify the first generation neanderthal/sapiens. that would tell us so much!

[@justk9076]

Ooh I'm early, glad I get to watch this as I'm eating

[@Idellphany]

Yesss thank you 😊

[@ritchirodenbach8972]

Hey, could you please create a video exploring the enigma surrounding the scarcity of Homo sapiens and hominin fossils in Western and Central Africa? This region represents one of the most intriguing and least understood chapters in human evolution. I'm particularly fascinated by the concept of the mysterious African "Homo X," believed to have contributed up to 7% of our genetic makeup, and the Iwo Eleru skull from Nigeria. This skull, blending modern and archaic features, yet only 13,000 years old, challenges our understanding of human history. Africa, our species' birthplace, is a treasure trove of secrets waiting to be uncovered. It's possible that archaic human populations were isolated in the Congo rainforests, surviving from 35,000 to 10,000 years ago. Such discoveries could radically alter our perception of human evolution and our origins. Greetings from Germany-your videos are truly mind-blowing!

[@omgmo1962]

It's not much of an enigma. We know humans or human ancestors were there, like S. tchadensis. But the landscapes are very bad for preservation, they're very humid. We struggle to find fossils there at all.

[@therat1117]

​@@omgmo1962 It's also simply that Western and Central Africa really haven't been looked into thoroughly by palaeoanthropologists looking for human remains. You can't find what you haven't looked for. It's a similar story in India, where massive numbers of hominins must have migrated through the area, but I think something like only two fossil hominins have been found, purely because nobody has looked particularly hard there.

[@Hellemokers]

We want more

[@leifvejby8023]

Going to bed now, it's past midnight - will watch your video tomorrow!

[@Tony-dp1rl]

The more you learn about DNA and the associated cellular machinery needed to interpret it, the more you think the existence of a god is a viable explanation. I mean, the interpreter machine is described in the DNA too, so how did that kick off originally before there was a machine. :)

[@judithmccrea2601]

Excellent. It must be fun to be that smart!!!!😊

[@LudosErgoSum]

4:05 You are obviously not in an office reserved for a Nobel Laureate 🤭

[@rocketamadeus3730]

Woo! Stefan! My favorite friend who doesn't know I am his friend >.>

[@polarperlen]

Stefan is ready for Biologi på højt niveau

[@iivin4233]

I thought the text read, "Neanderthal Alert". It also should be known that a single gene can code for multiple things, or nothing or be turned off or on at later dates (as far as I know). The book Control by Adam Rutherford argues that this is why we can't breed traits into humans. Breeding animals shows that every time you select for one trait you are messing with genes that touch multiple traits. Hence, congenital diseases.

[@ianboreham454]

A "gene" means different things to different scientists. To a molecular biologist, it's a sequence that encodes a protein. To an evolutionary biologist, it can mean "whatever it is in the DNA that causes a particular result, like hair colour".

[@MarcoPolo-vb1sw]

Is H.Erectus a “human” or a seperate species ? Did erectus exist the same time as sapiens in Africa or did all African erectus populations convergently transition to sapien due transcontinental biospherical selective pressures?

[@omgmo1962]

Because it's Homo, it is considered human. But it's not the same species as us. there's a big debate about whether there was overlap between H. erectus and H. sapiens. If there was, it would have been very small. But it seems more likely that there was a gradual change between them and the earliest archaic H. sapiens, with H. erectus dying out before we came onto the scene. There's also debate about the African vs European vs Asian H. erectus dates so it's all just a lot of back and forth 😅

[@2Cerealbox]

thinkpad, linux... this is a true man of culture

[@big1dog23]

Always look forward...to getting out of PDX, lol.

[@press-mitrevski]

great meeting!! so facinating!! so what created neanderthals then? was it antessesor and heidelbergensis? it? And what created the ainu? was that a late mutated version of erectus and neanderthals? Man Stefan.. i Love your videos much Love from Denmark

[@omgmo1962]

The Ainu are definitely H. sapien, not another hybrid. They are still a living population

[@Farazalian]

YESSS 🗣🗣

[@anthonyproffitt5341]

Wow an hour of goodness as I wind down with a couple stiff drinks.

[@MARGATEorcMAULER]

Way cool, only 30 seconds in and your inner mega-dad shines through! Unfortunately U-toob, is acting up, can't reopen the vid.

[@rhettg24]

Hancock is way out in front of this discussion. I'm glad these chaps are finally taking notice!

[@gymhayes4613]

Can we use dna to recreate what a thing looked like the same way we use skulls to recreate ancient faces?

[@bungalo50]

Don't know if I'm expressing this correctly but when we compare genome with chimps, how do we know that we're comparing the right chimp? Like, wouldn't a chimp that lived 1 million ago have a different genome than one that lives now? We're counting the difference in mutations but wouldn't the "measuring stick" also mutate? I might just have missed the answer in the video but my brain is a bit cooked RN 😅 Anyhow, this is a fascinating topic, great video again, Stefan and Laurits

[@omgmo1962]

Because we're only talking about modern humans and modern chimps. We KNOW chimps have evolved since we broke off from our last ancestor with them. Chimps have actually evolved more than we have, they have more new gene mutations in their DNA than we do when compared to each other. We also know that the chimps we see now aren't the ones our ancestors would have been either. We're both modern species that have evolved over that time and exist now, we just have a common ancestor so we compare ourselves to each other

[@seamusoblainn]

He's not too unlike a Neanderthal himself 🙃

[@skybluskyblueify]

I'm being too literal here: Is DNA *all* we need to make an animal/plant/microbe? Specifically, for humans, we need more than that. We need all of the other stuff that sperm and egg bring. I'm being too literal because the rest of the stuff needs considering IMO. Q: Is this "stuff" ever considered when determining the discovery of a new human species?

[@suzanneperron549]

Yay! New video! Haven’t watched yet but ….Yay!

[@jonerlandson1956]

in the beginning there was division...

[@iivin4233]

And on the 6th day, God made man and said that it waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa-- *600,000 years later* --was good.

[@jonerlandson1956]

@@iivin4233 evolution is still a reality...

[@hughoxford8735]

I bet you’d find more variation between extant human populations. The idea that Neanderthals were a different species is largely political.

[@parhwy]

Wait. Wait. Lick bones? WHAT?! HAHAHAHA I have never! It feels like an April 1st thing but I'm watching on November 1st. Wow.

[@WillDMcQ]

Gob Ears!

[@MrSaydo17]

DNA has 1 based indexing?

[@marktyler3381]

Can we talk about bottlenecks?

[@DogWalkerBill]

I had a question about where is (Dr) Laurits Skov is looking for the DNA he is testing. If he is looking in Europe & Africa he may be finding DNA that is very muddled. It might be better to look in another part of the world. Say, the Philippines! The Philippines have almost always been islands, Anybody who came there almost had to come by some sort of sea travel. Which is, itself stunning, since hominids have been on Luzon Island for extraordinary long times. (1) 700,000 & 300,000 years ago. Bones of animals have been discovered that were obviously butchered using stone tools. I think some of the stone tools have been found. But no remains of the critters involved. It is implausible that it was modern (h. Sapiens) humans. Perhaps h. Erectus or h. Denisovans. Or some other ancient hominid. (2) H. Luzonensis was discovered on north Luzon Island. The remains date to about 60,000 years ago. It's assumed that these critters are the evolved descendants of some other hominids, maybe h. Erectus. Maybe somebody else. (3) The Aeta people (part of the Negritos) came to Luzon Island around 40,000 years ago. They have been living as hunter-gatherers ever since. Other Negrito peoples traveled to Papua New Guinea. The Spanish called them "Negritos" meaning "Little Black People" because they are very small and most have very dark (black) complexions. They commonly have wooly black hair. Although some are red-headed or blond! (e.g. "Blondism.") My understanding is their blackness & wooly-hair are NOT related to African sources. The genetically interesting thing about the Aeta people is that they have one of the highest percent of Denisovan DNA for any modern humans: 5% or more. The indication is that the Denisovan admixture occurred on Luzon Island! (4) The Austronesian people came to the Philippines about 8,000 years ago. They have lighter complexions, straight black hair and very dark eyes. (5) The Spanish arrived about 500 years ago. (6) The Americans arrived about 125 years ago. My point is that the Aeta people of the Philippines may allow Skov to study living, modern humans with DNA that ia very close to our ancient ancestors.

[@mossyslopes]

Yes please😀

[@Mouly0]

Love your content but please don’t use your kids in ads.

[@brianconvict]

Wake up babe, Stefan just dropped a whole hour about human evolution

[@Jigger2361]

....keep diggin" !

[@PFletcherNWO]

I don't think it's very nice to label that expert a neanderthal.

[@user-xw1xz3xj9v]

42 minutes late

[@Ana_crusis]

That's a strange title. And it presumes that there are other species of human being out there to find

[@TheDanEdwards]

Given the way evolution works, it is quite practical to expect to find many extinct lineages of any long-existing clade of organisms.

[@gofshhh4735]

there are. They're just all dead. key word there is "ancient" lol

[@TheShootist]

at least two more species of homo floating around in our genome

[@kennethfisher7013]

So the take away is that men contribute more to mutations because we make more mistakes than women.

[@kanamesuzaku1138]

Damn I’m early

[@tinkerstrade3553]

I came to see who we missed on the family's next reunion list. 😊

[@lined01]

..

[@philomenahearn1717]

The fluctuation in dna shows how much humans have traveled and migrated so much over their evolution. Immigration is not a new thing! It’s also very necessary for gene health.

[@americannapalm]

I enjoy watching these. But I cringe the entire time knowing that these guys have no idea what they're talking about.

[@jamesbradford8574]

Your thumbnail highlights a "neanderthal expert" who has hairy arms, a scraggly beard, and a large forehead. Hmmmm. Perhaps drop "expert" from the description? Heh.

[@jackwt7340]

It's hard to turn mice into rabbits. 🐀🐇 But why not turn the mice into a random new species? By artificial mutation.🐀🦘