How Carbon Nanotubes Will Change the World

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Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Writer: Sophia Roberts
Editor: Stephanie Sammann (www.stephanie-sammann.com/)
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (haerther.net/)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster / forgottentowel
References
[1] www.balzan.org/en/prizewinner...
[2] www.sciencedirect.com/science...
[3] projects.iq.harvard.edu/files...
[4] chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelv...
[5] www.chemistrysteps.com/sp3-sp...
[6] www.nature.com/articles/srep2...
[7] labs.chem.ucsb.edu/zakarian/a...
[8] www.graphenea.com/pages/graph...
www.nature.com/articles/srep2...
[9] www.diva-portal.org/smash/get...
[10] przyrbwn.icm.edu.pl/APP/PDF/11...
[11] www.nature.com/articles/s4146...
[12] www.sciencedirect.com/science...
[13] www.sciencedaily.com/releases....
[14] pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nn40...
[15] www.sciencedirect.com/science...
[16] www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnolo...
[17] www.sciencedirect.com/science....
[18] www.technologyreview.com/2011...
[19] mainblades.com/article/this-i...
[20] pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21867...
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: epidemicsound.com/creator
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung

[@RealEngineering]

Big thanks for Wendy sending over that clip of him in the gym. Nebula gang helping each other out.

[@marz.6102]

Might you do a video on graphene and the newer ways of how it's being mass produced? That would be great!! 😊

[@Mango-vd1nn]

Yeah

[@flavioaugustojose]

Hi! I can't find this video on my Nebula, please check if it was uploaded there too Thanks for the great work!

[@martinsmolik2449]

Hey, I would love to watch this on Nebula instead. Can you please upload it there too? Thanks!

[@RealEngineering]

@@martinsmolik2449 it’s uploaded. Processing is just a little slow.

[@JaylonCmm23]

"It will be on your final exam" I actually have a Chemistry final next week. Why put the fear in me?

[@lewismassie]

You got this bro! - A chemistry graduate

[@bradenehlke7652]

Same

[@TomYourmombadil]

Good luck :) Chem 1 or high school AP?

[@coreytaylor447]

I got an AP exam this upcoming wensday...pray for me I dont have the slightest clue what the hell a long term monopolistic competition demand curve looks like

[@somtu3780]

You will not succeed and you will become an old man filled with regret.

[@bread7101]

"Imagine the amount of cats we could confuse!" -Real Engineering guy, 2021

[@oxide9717]

That was funny 😂

[@mmmdawe]

xDDD

[@5daboz]

10 years in future: T1: We did it! We managed to get a material for a space elevator! T2: Well ... we also did it, we can confuse cats with maximum efficiency yet known to science. Nobel prize awards: And a nobel prize this year goes to the research team who managed to confuse cats on yet unprecedented level!

[@wesleyrm76]

Brian McManus is his name.

[@zaichizaijan4235]

@@5daboz Why not space yeeter? We have materials for one

[@Felixkeeg]

As a chemist, I really gotta say: That was a damn good job of explaining orbitals and basic molecular bonding!

[@csanton3946]

As a nonchemist, i just have to rely on whatever it is

[@sheastewart7608]

Agreed, I may have to reference this video when teaching hybridization!

[@SanePerson1]

At 7:07 the picture shows the sp3 hybrids making a bent bond - not good. The narration was fine; it said the overlap between hybrids was head-on, but the graphics were incorrect at that point.

[@sheastewart7608]

@@SanePerson1 true, other than that though, it does a good job showing the geometry around the hybridized atom

[@atomicity7452]

for the first time I can visualize and understand hybridization

[@ClemensAlive]

Hexagons are the Bestagons

[@edwardzita3479]

A particular stickman said that once.

[@tanaymanerikar6503]

Exactly my thought. It is almost a cult now lmao

[@daesmua]

WHAT a reference ;D

[@suchirghuwalewala]

I dont get the reference at all but i still think hexagons are cool

[@luisgustavoviolilatam4338]

@@suchirghuwalewala CGP Grey......find it....

[@PracticalEngineeringChannel]

How about those graphics! Very cool video, as always. Thanks for not using the photo of me lifting weights.

[@homerblancaver6098]

Hi Grady!

[@sirtra]

I believe that Sam is actually an android and thats why nobody has ever seen him. No human could have not 1 but 2 different popular youtube channels AND curiosity stream / nebula. Maybe one day he'll look lifelike enough to pass as a real human and reveal himself 😉

[@btd5311]

@@sirtra he had a reveal some time ago.

[@lolgeertlol]

@@btd5311 shush, let him believe, like you let kids believe in Santa

[@infernalstan886]

Then collab to make Real Practical Engineering

[@shogun2215]

Once again, Hexagon is the Bestagon.

[@arijitpalit2756]

A fellow CGP Grey connoisseur I pressume?

[@user-be1lo1ef6m]

All hail, CGP grey's Hexagon cult

[@shogun2215]

@@arijitpalit2756 You assume correctly.

[@astripermatasaritofri2284]

Hail our lord Hexagon

[@skippityblippity8656]

I wish you luck for the nex hex days

[@proparkour1603]

Imagine this guy starting a teaching series on basic concepts from physics and chemistry. School would be so much easier

[@TheAhmet15]

I literally just finished my final project for my biomaterials course and it was titles “Using Graphene to Improve Prosthetic Functionality” where we proposed a method of connecting nerves directly to prosthetics with graphene nanotubes to essentially great “graphene tube nerves” that act like a circuit between the body and a electronic prosthetic. Crazy how this video was just uploaded a few days before my presentation today.

[@pedrogalvan4518]

Look up my patent: Annular Electrode Array

[@fodetraore6378]

Hum I would like to present a project about it.😊

[@manic2180]

5 years from now: How scientists and engineers will revolutionize the world with Carbon Nanotumes in the next decade.

[@bluemamba5317]

tumes will always be better than tubes

[@manic2180]

@@bluemamba5317 Agreed.

[@AxxLAfriku]

AAAAAAHHHHH!!!! PAAAAAIIIINNNN!!!!!! I broke my hand yesterday because of the hate comments I get all the time. I was so angry that I punched a hole in my computer. Please don't hate me, dear man

[@halo3soap114]

@Manic basically cold fusion.

[@abinregi390]

they said the same thing with graphene

[@StefanoBorini]

Nanotubes can do everything except leave the laboratory.

[@whitetiger432]

What would happen if the nano tubes were introduced to living laboratory... the body of a human...

[@mattb4640]

@@whitetiger432 I just snorted a line of nanotubes, and my IQ increased 100 points.

[@DropAGearDisappear]

Currently being used to build X-ray tubes at Micro-X

[@jaysonlay1718]

I agree, 20 years ago my prof mentioned nanotubes.

[@photon2724]

unfortunitly, innovation takes time.

[@Gaetano.94]

6:01 "Yes, it will be on your final exam" This is stuff of literal nightmares I never even took the midterm, and why am I in class in just my underwear?

[@therainbowlord9572]

Question 1: Prove string theory

[@MrGtubedude]

@@therainbowlord9572 😰😰

[@Gaetano.94]

@@therainbowlord9572G-String Theory Question 1 (in your dreams): Prove the exact measurement for the g-string that is nailed to the classroom chalk board. *Looks down* Oh no.

[@emmaodom7201]

The hybridization is so well explained in this video (I’m a chem major)! They should use it in general chemistry - I think it could make students actually like learning about MO and electron distribution

[@acapellascience]

P orbitals actually look a lot more like dumbbells than their usual illustrations would suggest, especially the ones in the higher shells. We elongate them when we draw them, which is good for some things, but actually makes graphene's p-orbital pi-bonds a lot harder to intuit

[@cormacmccarthy2978]

@@volcanowb It's basically a fancy word for understand

[@derokotyp8743]

@@volcanowb I think it is derived from intuitive so it is supposed to mean "giving an intuitive understanding"

[@macmarc6661]

Can somebody show in illustration how they actually look?

[@albertnorman4136]

It's the ability to make leaps of logic that turn out to be more correct more often than they should. (Still gotta use science to do your best to disprove them, of course, before you have anything reliable enough to be engineering.)

[@livethefuture2492]

back in my school, we used to visualize orbitals by basically tying balloons together.

[@diegosanchez894]

"and yes, it will be in your final exam" Me, studying materials science: 😭😭 i know.

[@MS-ld3jn]

I felt this deep in my soul, and I took Materials about 2.5 years ago. You got this!

[@theyredistortingyourrhythm130]

Who's AWAKE in 2021?

[@Alexis_Gz]

@@theyredistortingyourrhythm130 only us so called conspiracy theorists

[@AnimeFan-wd5pq]

@@Alexis_Gz yes yes, now rest. You poor, paranoid and misguided soul.

[@Alexis_Gz]

@@AnimeFan-wd5pq 🤡🤡🤡

[@Cognitoedu]

Brilliant video, great explanation of the sp hybridisation!

[@TeslaElonSpaceXFan]

Thx for ur useful videos!

[@masternobody1896]

indeed need a plank length cpu

[@daesmua]

this is a pretty good remake from the video uploaded 4 years ago :D

[@japhethpatterson5901]

It's been 5 years since hybridization has crossed my mind! (fu chem 109)

[@jamesbramer1286]

5:06 Lol, that jab at Wendover was perfect... I wasn't expecting that 😅

[@PnlBtr]

5:08 "I don't know what gym these nerds are going to" absolute gold, couldn't stop laughing.

[@Jondiceful]

This video is by far the best and most informative educational resource on the subject of carbon nanotube I have yet encountered. Everything else I have seen has skipped over the chemical properties of the covalent bonds, much less explained them in such simple and straightforward ways. While other sources usually do discuss the engineering challenges in creating nanotubes, not one has gone into such depth much less had actual visuals and footage! I know I am probably sounding like a fanboy, but this video deserves more recognition for the amazing job he has done here. Keep up the good work!

[@RaglansElectricBaboon]

I agree. 12ish years ago I worked as a contract design Engineer for a carbon nanotube company's reactors and they really couldn't explain the principles behind the process.

[@dylan3625]

asbestos

[@profounddamas]

Yes you are really sounding like a fanboy. You see I've been hearing this promise for about 15 or more years.

[@wilsonrawlin8547]

Indeed. Couldn't say it any better.

[@OuJej1]

Mostly agreed, but I was surprised that their cytotoxicity was not mentioned at all. They really aren't "not toxic" as 16:39 suggests.

[@MsGrilo12]

I'm a last year chemistry undergraduate student on my way to organic chemistry grad. Just loved how you explained chemical bonds and their implications on materials

[@siddakid3207]

This video (specifically the part on carbon's hybridization) is why I'm going to pass my chemistry of materials exam tomorrow. Thank you so much Brian. I've been watching these videos for years but only now that I'm offically learning this stuff in college did my brain go "wait I've heard about this before!" and direct me to this video to subsidize my understanding.

[@joewickham554]

Suppressed LC chemistry memories being unsurfaced as I watch this

[@crusherven]

Yeah I had flashbacks to OChem.

[@ryans6280]

I had to look at my degree to recover from this video

[@tanmaysharma3908]

Finally my knowledge of hybridization came to use, i always wondered why are they teach us this at school

[@playerscience]

so true

[@Jarrettmonty99]

Yup.. as much as I hate the "muh real world!!11" argument, I feel like textbooks should include more applications per chapter, instead of a couple at the end.. I would always be confused by some topics, then immediately when something as simple as shown in the video was presented to me, it immediately solidified WHY I had to perform such and such operation instead of rote memorization

[@harshvardhan4766]

Yeah like why tf they don't tell us there *use* also in maths and other science subjects

[@tams805]

@@harshvardhan4766 Maths is probably the worst for this. Most maths education is just learning how to work out equations with very few, if any examples. Sure, for say trigonometry they'll chuck in working out the distance a boat is from a lighthouse or such, and there are graphs (but those are pretty abstract and require understanding themselves) but the number of actual occurances and uses of the maths is stupidly limited. tl;dr I know what a quadratic equation is and how to work it out, but I don't know anything that would require me to do so.* *Yes, I do know (thanks mainly to pop culture like this video) that there are uses for it. Now could you go back in time and tell my maths teacher to tell me those examples?

[@Notyourhandle777]

@@tams805 with relation to thermodynamics and physics, most definitely

[@erikknecht4350]

I watched this video to relax a bit after studying chemistry and it ended up explaining hybridization better than my textbook could lol

[@AaronNel]

Thank you for the deep dive on carbon, and carbon nano tubes. This has been missing from so much content covering this tech.

[@gaurav_0369]

you visually explained hybridization in 5 minutes which my education system couldn't for 3 years, simply because they never want you to visualize

[@manassikdar1]

I know the feeling

[@Orholam5]

really? I've never seen orbitals presented in any manual or textbook without visualization and drawings!

[@sumreensultana1860]

@@Orholam5 drawings are Outdated now It seems Videos are better and animations Are easier

[@madhumathi1255]

True

[@nemanjap8768]

And that's why I will never be good at math, physics or chemistry

[@PatipanWongkleaw]

Oh my god, if you uploaded this during my highschool, things would have been a lot easier. He explain this at least 10x better than my chemistry professor.

[@limiv5272]

Professors teaching at high schools?

[@Slippergypsy]

this is why you always get a lesson from someone else if you don't understand something someone has taught you

[@PiousSlayer]

@@limiv5272 Some professors also teach at highschools, is it really that uncommon?

[@limiv5272]

@@PiousSlayer It is where I live. I had this one teacher who had a master's degree and even that was considered unusual

[@supermendi0078]

I’ve studied just a few of the physics involved in carbon nanotubes recently at university and believe me, this video did a great job at saving you from many headaches and explaining all you really need to know about them. The only thing I would’ve added in here is the research involving the addition of impurities or holes in the nanotube structure, and the multi layer nanotubes, which show quite promising results. Some configurations even have superconducting capabilities, and it is believed we might be able to get a close-to-room temp superconductor with them, but as far as I know none of that has been confirmed yet. What’s coolest about it is how depending on the way you connect the carbon layers, you can get very different material properties.

[@pvlkmrv]

"Imagine the amount of cats we could confuse. That's the world I want to live in." Definitely the best use of a single-atom-thick graphene hammock.

[@morkovija]

11:34 Chemical Vapor Disposition - thats going on your permanent record, mister! Other than that - thanks for another gem (ba-dums) of quality content

[@cwtrain]

Heard it too. "Hold up. Did I just grab a _dispostion_ in there?"

[@KrizMo122]

@@cwtrain I’m still watching but so far he’s said it twice 🤦

[@BlackSmokeDMax]

Was looking for this comment!

[@Shaun.Stephens]

Yeah it jumped out at me too. The easy way to remember how to pronounce 'deposition' is that it's the process of depositing. Or, put another way, to get something to 'assume de-position'.

[@Shaun.Stephens]

Also at 0:40 "a spark ARCHED between them". I can't help but notice these things.

[@ahreuwu]

We've heard this for years, let's hope that engineers actually start using this material for realsies now

[@rmod42]

Like nuclear fusion, the technology is 20 years away. No matter when you ask about it.

[@Y.M...]

just 50 more years of "next year, definitely, it's right around the corner!" I'll be taking a carbon nanotube coffin when the day comes

[@dibbidydoo4318]

@@rmod42 nuclear fusion is more like 5 years away.

[@MetallicReg]

The more problems we solve, the more we discover. The trick is to solve more problems than you discover.

[@bradenehlke7652]

Yeah like confusing cats

[@daveswaney5460]

I might actually use part of this video next year for my AP Chem class. Pretty clear on the hybridization. I didn't expect this video to go there.

[@LL-fw7hi]

I was super excited about CNTs in high school 20 years ago. A) Its been 20 years, still no CNTs and B) Do a search for CNTs and asbestos. Turns out they behave in a very similar way in lungs.

[@vinzenzgeske8987]

Pssst. Don't say that. We don't like to use the bad A-word! I already worked with that stuff around 12 years ago. I did the mandatory practical semester of my material science studies in a research institute and was really psyched about working with CNTs. But that stuff is *mean*. I do agree with Real Engineering that the chemistry and material science of this stuff is amazing. But the physics of it cannot be ignored: CNTs are very small and can be inhaled and AFAIK there's the possibility that it will cause cancer (which is a statistically risk just as it is with X-rays). Also they stick together and it's hard to separate those short strands once you put them in a (small) container to ship them. So unless you can make them really long you would need to process them where you produce them. And then there's the problem of the really bad wettability of carbon whether it's molten metals or anorganic solutions, e.g for electrochemical processes. It's a huge pain in the behind. BTW: The risk of inhaling and causing damage is also something that is true of carbon fibres, especially of they break during testing or a crash. We looked into that a few years ago and there weren't that many studies about it. But now a short googling of "respirable carbon fiber" produced a meta-study with lots of citations on the toxicity of CF, CNT and asbestos on pulmonary cells: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5319145/ And it's not really a reassuring read...

[@thegearknob7161]

And that's why I hope CNT won't ever take off. Kind of a shame, but it's for the best. Much like Carbon nano tubes, Asbestos was the wonder material of its day. Yet it got more and more widely used even as evidence mounted as to how dangerous it is. Mostly just because it was cheap. We made the mistake of using that material in everything, and hundreds of thousands paid and are still paying the ultimate price for it. It's still everywhere. That's something that must not be allowed to happen again.

[@m.streicher8286]

It feel like carbon nanotubes/batteries have been the next big thing since 1999

[@durnsidh6483]

Batteries have actually made advancements in that time.

[@gus473]

Most significant breakthroughs seem to take one or two (human) generations to go from discovery to everyday usefulness..... ¯\_ಠ_ಠ_/¯

[@Tripskull]

It won't be much longer, graphene will be in every battery. Mass production is also its problem, but much closer to reality. There's already graphene hybrid batteries. Once they can be pure graphene, batteries will reach an entirely new level. Phone batteries of current size would last a week. Or OEM's will be able to have the same mAh as currently used In a battery smaller than a postage stamp. Hopefully these come quick enough (mass production) to save to planet! Nano T's since '91. Graphene since 2004. This long again will be too late...

[@sanjay_swain]

Every prediction is according to what they know at that time. You can't predict about things that is not discovered yet. Albert Einstein said nuclear energy is not possible, at that time neutrons were not discovered yet and afterwards everything changes when quantum mechanical model comes. Same with fusion. Once you solve one problem ten more problems will arise. There is no way to predict how many problems will arise even before you solve existing ones.

[@specialopsdave]

22 years. Not bad, considering that the electronically actuated switch took over 90 years to be developed into the transistors found in computers. Or the fact that the internal combustion engine took 250 years to produce feasable transportation (first working ICE was invented in the 1600s and could barely carry itself up a super shallow slope). And powered flight? It took all the way from the beginning of human imagination to the 1900s for us to succeed in doing that.

[@derpraktikant8862]

small addition to the hexagonal shape: you get the largest amount of room for a given amount of wall, given that you are not making one room, but many

[@mobiyus3282]

cuz hexagons are bestagons

[@Rationalific]

I love when electron orbitals and their change are put in videos. It's so rare to see. But I like to see how atoms actually "look" (even if these are still partially for illustrative purposes).

[@juliamuller1172]

BEAUTIFULLY MADE!!!! Especially the orbital theories are stunning, great visualization!!!!

[@SirWrender]

Great video Brian! This answered a lot of questions I didn't realize I had haha

[@RealEngineering]

Loved the new Attack on Titans video! Glad you went with that idea. Hope the shoulder is feeling better!

[@markzaikov456]

Yes! Like how adorable Nanotubes are

[@daesmua]

this is a pretty good remake from the video uploaded 4 years ago :D

[@ManyHeavens42]

It's all about you

[@ajzebadua]

I think this is my favourite RE video to date, and it took me back to first year secondary school chemistry which was a great trip down nostalgia lane!

[@ashstott2210]

Great introductory video! As a PhD grad who worked with CNTs, I can confirm that they are awful to work with - cancerous, static, low density dust gets everywhere!

[@Notyourhandle777]

Pulse a negative charge with plasma gas, duhhhhhhh

[@tycho6503]

Was doing a chemistry final practice last week and this literally *was* on my final! Thanks Real Engineering. :)

[@ulyssesno490]

He did a good job with explaining it

[@Gaetano.94]

I do not envy you. That's for sure. Maybe I envy your intelligence though.

[@MrPinknumber]

I love how well this is explained. The use of 3D visualisations is great.

[@johnmicheal3904]

Beautiful video quality. I am looking forward to seeing this technology used to further explore our oceans especially the Mariana trench.

[@CraigConnors]

Such an exciting area of exploration that could open up so many areas of progression. Awesome video!!

[@kv501]

It’s “DEPOsition,” not “disposition.” Lol.

[@The1996Shadow]

Came here looking for such a comment

[@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475]

He said "Aluminiuminuminum" too, darn Brits. -- "Aluminum"

[@victortitov1740]

@@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475 did he actually said "aluminiuminuminum"? I only heard "aluminium"... I know the country-dependent part of it, but i always get a feeling for some reason that "aluminum" refers to a material (usually an Al-based alloy), while "aluminium" refers to the chemical element.

[@armadillito]

@@victortitov1740 "alloyminium" gets used sometimes which is nice and confusing

[@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475]

@@victortitov1740 I was mostly ribbing the Brits there. But yes, it's "Aluminum". The Brits added "Aluminium" to make it sound like some other elements.

[@johnnyson7474]

It's been 10 years and we're still talking about nanotechnology

[@MrDelsoleg11]

Would you care to elaborate?

[@harsimranbansal5355]

nanotechnology is literally just the technology of the small, like very small, stuff you can’t see with your own eyes small.

[@eruphin3601]

this is pretty smol... *but can it go smaller?*

[@mariakruger1441]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/f3W0c5dvmLuNd8U no they have All done

[@pudgeboyardee32]

It sounds like what sci fi writers have talked about mechs needing as well. A lot of them had names like 'myomer muscle' fiber bundles and alluded to them being carbon based, electrically actuated, and neurally linked to pilots while being able to expand and contract. This tech could reduce the weight of wearable mech suits of many sizes so that current energy sources could power and drive them.

[@vonsassy]

So well done and really informative. Thanks!

[@phaeton5394]

"Imagine the amount of cats we could confuse, now that's a world I want to live in" really got to me. XD

[@nathanjay4788]

The quality of these videos just keeps going up... Thanks for the awesome content!

[@HashimMehmoodAhmed]

You explain it so well! Of course the visuals help A LOT.

[@ThunderApache1604V]

Never realised I would get my physical chemistry lessons got refreshed after years. Amazing animations by the way. My brain needed half of my usual efforts to understand this vs. when I learned it new.

[@philippecourtemanche1994]

Absolutely loved this episode. This channel has always been good, and now it’s becoming real sharp with these animations. Love that you took a deep dive into a chemistry subject, which might not seem so so “engineering” like aviation, but it is! It really is!

[@zerophoenix6758]

it'll be great to see just how many interesting (and sometimes strange) applications that we come up with once we can start mass producing these, it may still take decades to come but: engineering evolves in steps, and only rarely in leaps

[@marcusaureliusregulus2833]

But those steps get bigger and sooner each time😉

[@tams805]

Zero gravity may help. Ironically though, a space elevator would immensely help in making a factory for carbon nanotubes in space (mainly due to the ease of send the finished material back to the surface).

[@DyLimbo]

Literally 11/12 grade Chemistry lessons word by word.... As he explaining those Sp2 and Sp3 bonds..... I was nodding my head and be like of course ikr.... Ahhhh man never thought those Chemistry lessons would stuck with me and give me such a nostalgia trip and make me feel giddy about good old Chemistry. Loved it.

[@bkrharold]

Thanks for the excellent explanation of S P orbital hybridization.

[@zegreatpumpkinani9161]

Love the comedic additions in this episode, it's refreshing and extra funny coming from the science guy!

[@tomam258]

5:09 I was just lifting my dumbbells and this came up xD

[@InvadersDie]

you should invest in smartbells

[@vaiyaktikasolarbeam1906]

wendover

[@tomam258]

@@InvadersDie 20% more gains?

[@JustJanitor]

I just cant thank you enough for not putting a million ad breaks in this! I am eternally grateful

[@theodoreagifford2151]

I love how in depth you get with your content. Fantastic channel. I was a little confused about some of the video content though. You sometimes show long lengths of black twine rolling onto spools while talking about nanotubes, though from the information you provide I assume these shots cannot be of nanotubes because they are longer than what is currently possible. I assume you are using footage of other materials to illustrate what advanced nanotube technology might look like in the future. This makes sense, but it might be helpful for easily confused viewers like myself if you included a small annotation in the corner of the screen describing what the video content is actually depicting. There are a few shots where I'm not sure if I'm looking at actual nanotubes or not.

[@TheMotlias]

"yes this will be on your final exam" 2022 April fools should be RE setting us a test and the whole vid is just him sitting at a desk reading a book and occasionally going "45 minutes remaining of the test"

[@playerscience]

Your explanation of hybridization was fantastic. Thank you so much.

[@miroslavmilan]

Amazing video. Finally made me understand all the hype around carbon nanotubes. Graphene next?

[@Jane-qh2yd]

Carbon Nanotubes and Nuclear Fusion Energy are those concepts that we will likely never see in our life time, and instead, we will only get to dream about what they could do

[@NyaMartin-db9gj]

No they are using them in human body wreaking havoc

[@comicalcarpet]

As a chemistry undergrad currently writing a dissertation on single molecular layers I think you've done an INCREDIBLE job on the explanations used here, not a single criticism, well apart from pronunciation but this KZbin so I have to pick on that

[@Matt0sh]

Please make a series of videos that you teach chemistry like this I've never understood chemistry this well

[@user-sx3jr9fl6h]

I didn't expect to see the best explanation of orbitals on KZbin in this video. Really, it made everything so clear for me)

[@xavierchung4103]

the best explanation of electron orbitals I've ever heard, everything just clicked Thankyou so much for doing what 2 years in higher ed never did

[@samsonwhite3220]

Very happy you did a video on carbon allotropes! Nanomaterials are the future and I'm actually studying for this field! Thanks for the great content as always.

[@AClockWorkKelly1]

Thanks for taking the leap of faith in regards to your audiences taste for details. It was a brave step to go into detail on S&P orbitals .. But my god Brian you did a great job .. as always. Go raibh míle maith agat ... Proud to see a fellow Irishman create content of this standard!

[@MikeyMobes]

as a chemist your explanation of bonding is SPOT ON. Fantastic job!

[@Kevin_Street]

This is a wonderful video! Thank you for making it.

[@andrewvehrs9714]

Love these videos! Awesome details with just enough extra flair to help remember these individual topics. The cat analogy certainly will help me remember 😂!

[@kevdotf]

Cheers dude Love your work 👍

[@mohare134]

Wow! Great video. The possibilities are endless!!

[@thesoupin8or673]

Love learning about this! Great graphics

[@savyasachidasari3828]

Thanks for inspiring me with every video you make. I have been a long time fan of yours and you never disappoint. Thank you very much.

[@maximilianmusterhans4659]

What has it inspired you to do? To watch even more youtube videos?

[@bitsandbytes1s0s]

18:33 mbkhd?!

[@Residual-Image]

Great video, very descriptive and thought invoking!

[@kayrealist9793]

Its hard for me to understand but watched the whole video. Facinating stuff! Thank you for the great content! I have been a loooong time follower first time commenting to show my appreciation!

[@realfangplays]

Man, this brought back so much high school chemistry

[@Hooyahfish]

I’ve been waiting a decade for this stuff to make it into the market. I want ultra capacitors!

[@calebmauer1751]

I want high conductivity motor windings made from this stuff.

[@pyjuscurus3825]

Have you thought about making video on tandem winged planes? It might be really interesting, your videos about aviation are amazing. 👌

[@thefenian32]

Fantastic content! It’s great to hear fellow Dubs doing so well on You Tube.

[@Seegray]

I never really understood orbital hybridization until watching this. I wish I saw this when I was taking chemistry.

[@Notyourhandle777]

Equalization(stabilization) of a neutral state only goes so far lol

[@jesselopez0008]

Thats hybridization explanation was so good , our teacher couldn't even match 1% of that.

[@rocket2739]

the transition to the prodct placement is smooth

[@vgfxworks]

this channel is a serious source of information, amazing content !

[@Argentum88]

Would be interesting to see if a successful carbon nanotube composite could be laminated into infantry body armor. Ultra light, ultra strong. Would definitely change the game.

[@mrnobody9620]

"Imagine the amount of cats we could confuse"😂😂

[@jonas1015119]

I remember having to learn orbitals in chemistry (and I think hybridization was mentioned, maybe), but we never learned what the model is actually useful for. Which is strange since carbon is such a great example, and Ive never really understood how the different properties came about. Thanks!

[@octopu5ie]

Think more about the hexagon shape and hybridisation that enables that -- reflection on strength, bonds, sharing, structure/network/community-building

[@markbanash921]

Very well-produced video and very up-to-date on developments in the field. However you need to look more into the impurities that collect on nanotubes during manufacture and how those impurities affect their ability to be used in this applications, as well as our ability to measure specific properties on the nanoscale that have drastic effects on the performance of the materials in those applications, not to mention our ability to make sure that we're making the same product again and again.

[@paulferguson4930]

CNTs can be manufactured with extremely high consistency, so that is a non-issue in my experience. Impurities are the results of the catalysts that are required to synthesize the nanotubes (cobalt, moly, aluminum). Those elements can be removed chemically with acids or thermally. Thermal purification can be highly effective at removing the impurities but care must be taken as the structure of the tubes can suffer damage if the heat is excessive.

[@markbanash921]

@@paulferguson4930 CNTs also graphitize at lower temperatures than things like PAN. The result is that the CNT fibers that are made lose their mechanical advantages (e.g., elongation to break) over conventional carbon fibers. I've seen it happen at 1600°C

[@TheHariRockzz]

You just explained what my high school teachers couldn’t under 6 mins KUDOS

[@hyperiontorus3499]

I love this show, Brian, keep it up!

[@peterconnell2496]

John Holmes, the porn star, used to get a lot of similar messages from fans.

[@diduckd]

Phenomenal presentation, thank you!

[@xae1229]

I am hearing this from past 10 years. it is just like there will be flying cars in 21st century.

[@RealEngineering]

If you think engineering advancement happens in 10 years, I got some reality checks for you.

[@georgesel-hage4545]

@@RealEngineering this isn’t a fair reply, the technology is old on the modern scale of development. what researchers need to do is come up with more practical use cases for them so that they can be applied in the field

[@captainheat2314]

@@georgesel-hage4545 well they cant because due to regulation and testing wich can take a loooong time it doesnt advance fast

[@mezarisage6055]

True, but I'm a bit more optimistic about this than flying cars since there's fewer barriers to it becoming a reality. Flying cars have lots of drawbacks and few benefits, this has innumerable benefits and the only drawback is the ability to manufacture it cheaply and to a high enough standard to be widely useful.

[@StefanoBorini]

We already have flying cars. They are called airplanes. Getting a license is not that hard.

[@bLu48o]

Riley from TechLinked is having the time of his life with this video

[@Kuroji07]

I hear him in my head screaming CARBON NANO TUBES!!!! 💪💪

[@pedrotenoriomendes]

Great video! I hope this technology will develop fast.

[@abdulaleem6685]

18:33 MBKHD instead of MKBHD