How CEMENT is Made

How CEMENT is Made
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[@abcdef-qk6jf]

I used to work at a cement factory. The video is factual correct without getting into too many details. Modern grey cement production uses a tower with a calcinator and a cyclone - the cyclone removes a lot of water very quickly. You need less heat to remove the water. The production is sped up multiple times making it far more energy efficient than the rotary kiln. Cement production uses a lot of waste products like the ash mentioned. Waste has become a ressource - you pay for.... Cement production releases a lot of CO2 - however a lot gets trapped again in the process of curing (when the cement hardens).

[@ryanbeard1119]

Yes. Please tell the lefties that cement when curing natural sequsters C02.

[@wp2746]

Thank you for sharing, glad to hear co2 gets back into the concrete.

[@cattnipp]

are you an engineer?

[@annunacky4463]

I did the control systems for a preheater precalciner system. It had a short kiln…the clinker cooler was the hardest to keep smooth control.

[@northlondonmasons107]

Cement absorbs Co2 ? Thought that was just lime ? Cement hardens from hydration though right ?

[@GFSwinger1693]

Background music is annoying.

[@davidjaap2130]

Retired R/M driver here. Did a good job explaining about cement. The ancient Egyptians had their own version said to contain lava ash. I know this vid was about cement but maybe you could do a series focusing more on concrete.🙏💓

[@robinpage2730]

It was the Romans, not the Egyptians. Volcanic ash, called pozzolana, or pozzolan, was mixed with slaked lime, and that mix was mixed with sand and gravel to make Roman concrete. It lasts for thousands of years.

[@goodcitizen3780]

​@@robinpage2730 ...and cures in seawater too!

[@annunacky4463]

@@robinpage2730 I heard it also had tiny chunks of sea shell embedded in it. Seems the shell was a reservoir of calcium carbonate that seeped into the surrounding cement material over eons and sustained its structure. When we made it, it was all ground very fine for strength and fast set. The Roman stuff lasted, well it still lasts…

[@darthvader5300]

​@@robinpage2730 Pozzolana is not just a form of volcanic ash but as a sandy form of volcanic ash made out of micro-particles of micro-porous silica almost like diatomaceous earth to allow 10,000 times more surface area to react with the burnt quicklime or slaked lime to form a NON-POROUS calcium silicate which is also very strong. Since the late 1960s many scientists and engineers has been trying to find ways to improve on this principle of calcium carbonate to silica inter-reactions. In the Eastern Roman Empire they have no pozzolana or pozzolana sandy volcanic porous ash but they instead used a substitute called crushed and powderized bricks which has been crushed and grinded until it is as fine as white flour. How long it will last? One archeologist demonstrated how that product is made by mixing an equal volume of burnt quicklime and powderized brick powder and adding sufficient water to form a mortar and slap on on a rock wall wet with sea water to make it water proof and he said "IT IS GOOD FOR THE NEXT 5,000 YEARS!" Others use either silica sand with a silica content of 95%, or silica brick with a silica content of 97% or, quartz-quartzite-diatomaceous earth with a silica content of more than 97% up to more than 99%. They are all crushed, pulverized, grinded, powderized to become as fine as bleached white wheat flour so that they will dissolve in water (water is a universal solvent) and when mixed with water soluble burnt quicklime or slaked lime they form calcium silicate cement. One scientist-engineer went so far by mixing an equal volume of sodium silicate (waterglass with a 50% silica content and 50% sodium carbonate content) mixed and dissolved in hot water and allowed to cool into a viscous liquid similar to honey and then mixed with an equal volume of burnt quicklime or slaked lime until both has completely dissolved together (plus some additional water so that he can add a calculate volume of sand and-or graded gravel which are both mica free so that the resulting cement mortar and-or concrete is very strong) that he ended up with a weird form of almost glassy or glazed form of calcium silicate mortar and-or concrete which is very strong and virtually non-porous!

[@stevebuckley7788]

Modern Portland Cement is simply synthetic volcanic ash. You can use any kind of silicate, it's the temperature, heating and cooling times that determine the quality of the final product.

[@ironwill4035]

It's 5am in the morning and I'm learning about cement...pretty dope.

[@thomassmith2058]

Cyndrilical! Nice.

[@vicromono4799]

Very good brief explanation accept one. The finishing process is performed at the time the concrete is curing and not after. Usually 3 to 4 hours after being poured, skreed, floated and or fresno smoothed, a trowel, broom or stamp finish is applied. The only finish performed after curing is acid etching, grinding and polishing. 70% strength it usually obtained after 7 days. 90% after 28 days. Concrete can cure for up to 90 years. The Hoover Dam project was still creating heat from curing years after completion.

[@hime273]

I don't even remotely believe that whole Hoover Dam claim. It sounds like another asinine claim to wow and dumbfound the masses.🙄 Are we to believe that they imbeded wireless Tempurature sensors throught the concrete? Concrete Dams are poured in blocks, using a quick curing cement, and each block is essentially cured by the time another block is poured on top of each block. Are we to believe that the Hoover Dam is the one concrete structure in the world that somehow created an anonymous forever lasting chemical reaction that defies Physics?

[@peterherrington3300]

If you're going to unnecessarily criticise an excellent informative video , the least you could do is basic schooling beforehand. Typical arrogant illiterate American. 'Except' & 'screed' by the way . Apology accepted

[@bronxcheer1484]

Except not accept

[@vicromono4799]

Thanks. Learning to accept criticism.

[@vicromono4799]

Oh, Thanks. I didn't no.

[@Quizzicality]

I run a concrete plant. There are a few batches (recipes) we use all the time for things like driveways, sidewalks, foundations etc but for special projects (large commercial jobs etc) there are hundreds to choose from and my company has experts that can whip up a new one whenever needed. There's also a lot more than just retarder. There's water reducer which also increases the strength of the concrete, fiber (steel, plastic and glass varieties), and we can even change the color of the concrete.

[@Factora_eng]

Great tip!

[@wanderingfido]

I would definitely qualify as a retarder. Are there job openings?

[@Quizzicality]

@@wanderingfido only for the competition ;)

[@tobybrown1179]

Throw a can of coke in the back of the mixer to slow it down…

[@jasonmershon3941]

@RajinderYadavdo you snort a sample of the batch to see if there’s enough in there?😂

[@bobbyhill4118]

I do construction work and I never actually knew what cement was made of. It can be a lot of physical labor though especially when doing larger pours, or working with drier concrete. I’ll bet working in the rock quarry blowing up rocks and operating large machinery would be super fun though

[@99kevin99]

A good general knowledge video. Important information all in one place. Well done!

[@Factora_eng]

Glad it was helpful!

[@MrProgrammerGuy]

This was an VERY well made video. Clear, concise and well explained. Great job!

[@Factora_eng]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@bubaks2]

What’s happening on the thumbnail?

[@chosen1one930]

​@@Factora_engstop using words over and over you bore people and sound repetitive like crazy

[@electriccoconut]

And he's very good with the words me thinks.

[@karihardarson1234]

The video is very well made - but the background music is intrusive.

[@davidtruchon9206]

where is the guy that scrape the rock in the picture

[@The_abdelhafid]

Thanks for the information! I'm now able to start manufacturing cement

[@Melogode]

The part where he started talking about the clinker and the clinker cooler (02:10). It reminded me of that one Rick and Morty episode with the Plumbus. 😅😂😂😂😂

[@Sajuuk]

I thought cement was just a mixture of various minerals, I had no idea it had to be manufactured 😂🤦

[@MoneyManHolmes]

I always wondered where cement came from since it gets hard when wet. I thought it had to be mined from deep underground or something.

[@BigGod7ODSubscribeBecauseYes]

The forbidden pizza dough

[@Optimiser113]

Excellent video!

[@Slaphappy-_-]

What a marvelous finding!

[@kopronko]

Amennn, and, i wonder, why it wasn't invented by our black brothers ... ?

[@MrBonediver]

Worked at a cement plant for a few!! Raw meal is cooked to become clinker, then mixed with gypsum to make cement!! Mix cement with rocks (aggregate) becomes concrete....

[@VeyOrtega]

Hey! I'm making a documentary about cement factory workers. I would love to hear about your time working there.

[@MrFaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa]

we takea da powder and put it on the belt and then some other belts come by and the powder in da mixer and pour out da cement good job bub. i had no audio on while watching but thats how they make cement im pretty sure

[@freemanz4051]

Gotta get me one of those cyndrilical furnaces!

[@kopronko]

Me2 !!! ! !!! 😀

[@DaveC2729]

Fly ash is in fact coal ash... produced by coal power plants. What are we going to substitute for it if we shut down all the coal plants? I can tell you, fly ash is almost as strong as concrete all by itself when prepared properly. I used to work construction and had to try to demo it. That sucked. Concrete will be much weaker without it. What are we going to build with?

[@DiyInspiredCreations]

very, very, very Informative video

[@Factora_eng]

Glad it was helpful!

[@theoriginalchefboyoboy6025]

"Aaaah, it's a clinker! I knew it!!!"

[@ben8606]

The first thing that ran through my head!

[@xBloodXGusherx]

This puts into perspective how complex something so common is..

[@kinggkongg9694]

I haul dry cement from time to time and it’s nasty stuff it’s so fine it gets everywhere and at the end of the day you gotta blow it all out of your nose

[@ricardofierro7041]

Wear a good quality face mask. The dust will kill you faster than smoking. I am 70 years old, and retired. I occasionally worked around carbon black refineries. I wore a full quality face mask and used petroleum jelly around my ears. I still had to blow my nose to get rid of some carbon black. I never never got in my vehicle before a good shower. Carbon black is just like coal, causing black lung cancer.

[@bachusatari3969]

Hapa kwetu Tanzania 🇹🇿 tunachimba sementi nyingi sana ila tunuziwa bei sawa na bure

[@peterliljebladh]

The only question I have now is how do the Chinese manage to make concrete of such low quality that you can poke your finger through crumbling it with ease?

[@rjmun580]

You actually believe this?

[@RJ-zv5vw]

Wow.This is wonderful. Thanks for sharing.

[@Factora_eng]

Thank you!

[@pabloescobar7139]

Excellent video

[@Factora_eng]

Thank you very much!

[@peterherrington3300]

Finally there is an American who actually understands what cement is .

[@staceysarian7444]

Wow that is so cool

[@Factora_eng]

I know 🤯

[@ginoanthony]

My uncle is Aliko Dangote, believe it or not.

[@juanc.9735]

Cement, concrete and how about Portland?

[@_Ciosu..]

Wait what ?? Who in the world thought cement and concrete is the same thing ? That's so dumb..

[@boomersD9CAT]

The batch man (person who batches the concrete) can make or break your day.

[@Lunibruniful]

Cool your clinker, Buddy

[@montanaplease]

Amazing how the Romans didn’t do any of this and yet their stuff is still standing thousands of years later

[@jordanmntungwa3311]

you telling me Lime trees and Sky scrapers have something in common?

[@Hammer_Slammer]

my hungry ass could never work at a cement factory🍴

[@paulmwangi1639]

I will own a cement company some day

[@dougc.1773]

You forgot to include "Slump" and "Air Entrainment"!

[@tonymudau3005]

In South Africa we found a very very efficient way to make concrete without using heat.

[@kopronko]

How would that be ??

[@edwinbasuki586]

Retired RM, Kiln and CM operator here..very good explanation.

[@ldssggrdssgds6119]

Great video. I'm going to send people here when they tell me that concrete is called cement

[@Factora_eng]

Cool, thanks

[@DavesTreeFarm]

fairly thorough, but I would have liked to hear about the Donnely nut spacing and crack system rim riding rip configuration.

[@asifiqbal9607]

Best Wishes

[@jasonalper7898]

Awesome, I hate when people call Concrete, Cement

[@marciacunningham5877]

One of my greatest pet peeves. Michael

[@randfee]

Far too much CO2 emitted by cement and concrete based construction. We need to find alternatives ASAP

[@Factora_eng]

🤯

[@Jimmy_in_Mexico]

That's one tuff gal. God bless yall

[@Factora_eng]

🙌

[@CutLikeADiamond]

Can you do sweets like gummy bears? 🎉

[@bryanbrewer4272]

This really buttered my bisquit,thanks!

[@lorengordon9626]

Years ago I worked at the only admixture and crete curing compound plant in the U.S. Now this plant is gone , and many others have popped up I realize how important my job was.

[@rajspec]

Cement has a life of 100 years where as ancient Romans Indians and Egyptians used only limestone as binding material for their construction. Their constructions are still standing even after 1000's of years. Are we are missing something here, definitely, like the video said cement industry is worth more that $600 billion and limestone is freely available just need to dig and transport.

[@robinpage2730]

They added pozzolan (volcanic ash, which makes the lime putty/aggregate mix smoother and easier to work) and eventually realized that it actually reacted chemically with the lime to make a hydraulic cement. The secret is the silicates and aluminates in the ash. Clay also contains these compounds, that's why it's a raw ingredient in Portland cement. The difference is, we burn it much hotter than they did. The clinker we depend on for fast setting times, was garbage to the Romans. The chemistry is not good for durability.

[@larrybarnes3920]

Modern concrete can carry much greater loads.

[@rajspec]

@@larrybarnes3920 😂

[@montanaplease]

Perhaps modern concrete can carry much greater loads than way back then, but not many people need it to do that, so why can’t we just get an option to buy the same stuff the Romans put out ?

[@FuckSnuuten]

The main difference between roman concrete and modern is the larger chunks of quicklime they mixed in, this made the concrete "self healing" and therefore can last longer. Today you can buy concrete that has a similar composition as roman concrete but better in every way, the only problem is that it is waaay more expensive... and most chooses to not sell it. In fact most buildings today are calculated to last just 50-100 years and therefore expensive concrete is not needed. If you want to see the best concrete we can create today look att the concrete in nuclear waste storage bunkers, that concrete often uses iron ore as aggregate and is calculated to last 1000+ years :)

[@AKAYEVAIDAR]

I use AKM cement and I'm from wonderful 🇮🇳😂🎉

[@supersasquatch]

This has strong Rick and Morty vibes lol

[@Factora_eng]

😅

[@bobearl5944]

It’s CONCRETE dammit!!

[@marciacunningham5877]

Yes!...Cement is something used to glue things together, whether a model plane or aggregate to make concrete. Michael

[@stultuses]

Fascinating and what's also impressive is at my local store I can get a 20 kg (44 lbs) bag for $8.50 That is cheap after seeing all the work that goes into making it

[@ritznoblejas3617]

40kg of cement is only 3.88 dollars

[@montanaplease]

Cement isn’t concrete. But yeah, in Idaho 80 pounds of premix concrete is $7.62

[@turpialito]

1:42: "Cindrilical"??? Seriously?

[@AlphatecEngineering]

What a great video!

[@Factora_eng]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@evansogutu4167]

Ino video Iko sawa kabisaaa

[@fwengsolutions]

A cyndrilical furnace - that's something I'd liketo see! (1:44)

[@nickroth593]

Some are huge and are lined with 6-9in brick to keep in the heat. It's pretty cool to see one while running. The heat the put off is crazy.

[@jarmida6371]

01:41 "Cindrylical"

[@Factora_eng]

🤔

[@PrincessStephinie-ob4el]

ITS 5am in the morning and i am watching how to make cement

[@Little-bird-told-me]

Elon Musk, Mark Zukerberg, and Jeffes Besos are worth more than the entire cement industry.

[@CosmicJib]

I’m used to hearing “Seamint” on the job site

[@mickwolf1077]

4:54 what came first concrete or a concrete slab?

[@user-gm2cx3yq7j]

Before saw this video i dont know how to make cement but after seeing this i have been understanding it is more tough but we think that it is very easy but reality it is too much tough😢😢😢

[@NobodySpecial512]

I had a customer who was a cement factory in Nevada. They had a sign up that said "Number of days since last fatality", along with pictures of men who had died working there. That long kiln and what comes out at the end is dangerous.

[@owluitar]

Concrete lighter than air spotted at 5:42! Industry is lying to us that concrete is heavy >:(

[@Dani-it5sy]

But how did they every figure out that this is even possible? Who discovered that if you take that particular type of rock, crush it, heat it, crush it etc it becomes cement. People in the past were so smart. What we do today is developing. In the past they really invented stuff.

[@SiAnon]

Probably the same fella who worked out you could get milk from a cow.

[@robinpage2730]

Lime mortar had been used for thousands of years, but takes weeks to cure. The Romans sometimes experimented with additives to modify the workability of the liquid mix. They added pozzolan (volcanic ash, which makes the mix very smoothly workable) and discovered that it actually reacted with the lime to make a hydraulic cement.

[@steveburian6880]

Once humans had fire, I think all it took was for someone to put a limestone rock or maybe some sea shells in the fire (calcium). When it gets hot enough, the rock breaks down to a powder. When that powder gets wet again it will solidify. This is basic lime. Cement is a relatively new variation that adds sand (silica) to change the hardness of the finished product.

[@Dani-it5sy]

@@steveburian6880 Yeah so cement is actually also a development instead of an invention 🤔 But it's true, I think a lot of stuff has just been stumbled upon.

[@jonathanklopf7581]

I always wondered about cement, thanks

[@Factora_eng]

You bet!

[@saud9947]

This sound like how to make plumbus.

[@frankcherry3810]

I wish you could get good concrete here in Thailand. No fibers here. I asked about it and they just say no and shine me on

[@clayallen_art]

This is one of the better AI documentaries I have seen. You guys did a real good job with your TTS model's cadence and tone. There is a sufficient pause when a breath should be taken and the tonal infections are passable. I also noticed that you took the time to have an LLM model proofread the script. All in all, Id say that this is good production for an AI generated video.

[@Factora_eng]

Not Ai

[@paulcorcoran534]

Totally AI.

[@dean-543]

@@Factora_engsure sounds like it.

[@exidous6831]

@@Factora_eng Maybe it's not but pronunciation of a number of words was just wrong. Maybe not AI but seems like a computer. A native speaker would just know that doesn't sound right.

[@goodcitizen3780]

​@@Factora_eng 1:42 No human would read, "cydrilical" when, "cylindrical", is misspelled. That is AI 100% proof. In the words of Will Ferrell... "I wish you weren't a liar" Absolutely disgusting to lie about it

[@lucmarchand617]

Thanks expose about cement made.i work before lafarge,inland and miron montreal quebec.cement production change a lots last 50 years.quality is a must a saw own eye when concrete is not made correcty so batch is reject.lafarge just finish huge modernize plant exshaw alberta for future production demand.precast come long way too lots bridge now have lots stuff prefab save lots time and money.thanks video😊

[@Richie_]

I lived on Portland for a while.

[@SiAnon]

So did Bill.

[@jordanmntungwa3311]

DIdn't know concrete was so fussy. How did the romans get it right?

[@davechapman7735]

excellent !! thanks

[@jefferychow4765]

"Fasten or slow down..." 😂

[@locksmithmuggle]

Concrete is cement with an aggregate. That is all

[@vernonvorloc7333]

I saw a video that explained it well. The girl said that cement is to concrete as flour is to bread.

[@montanaplease]

That’s a good comparison. I’m going to be using that from now on.

[@Biohackersabove50yearsol-ol2mf]

This is really interesting!

[@petermoto409]

"Sub-see-quint" ? "Cyn-drill-i-cal"? What the actual fuck?

[@mimusic1853]

Spelling police

[@petermoto409]

@@mimusic1853 No, the AI bot speech police.

[@Bob_Adkins]

@@petermoto409 People shouldn't use words they can't pronounce.

[@user-ez9ex8hx6v]

Watched video

[@nathantilly3539]

Making that Easyyyy Money!

[@BarnardClangdeggin]

1:11 - “sub-SEE-kwent” - hahahahaha

[@alexabadi7458]

That's a lot of work but you get something concrete.

[@saskiacalvert7547]

Yawohl! Das ist die klinker cooler!

[@marsrocket]

Cyndrilical? Sub-seeekant?

[@dela1]

❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤beautiful piece

[@terri6854]

1:40 The narrator says: A long "cyndrilical" furnace... instead of cylindrical.

[@pdfads]

It's "cylindrical", not "cyndrillical".

[@larrybrooks9671]

Amazing technology, still wondering how the entire world was covered in amazing structures as early as the 13th century, how was that possible?

[@mandalamarcho7997]

stable food supply, the rest follow after, mostly from boredom or one up your rival

[@kopronko]

@@mandalamarcho7997 Amen, Because, before that, people had to spend most of their ime just working 4 the food 4 surviving. That is why the Progress couldn't be achieved.

[@marciacunningham5877]

If you made a highway of cement It would crumble to dust in a few days. Michael

[@damantrip2874]

If i have limestone and clay could it possible to makes cement at home.? I know that buying much cheaper than making, but i have the problems with transportation.

[@khaleelkasmally5106]

Do yoi think that anywhere in the world a project like this would cost 500,000,000... that would have been in the billions...

[@craigbrown5359]

Amazing...thanx

[@HoeDizzleFoShizzle]

Oh I thought you could grow concrete and therefore also cement?

[@aaron6787]

thanks your videos are great!

[@Factora_eng]

Glad you like them!