How did the Norse & the Sámi Interact? | The History with Hilbert Podcast

The famous interactions of Norsemen in the Viking Age are the violent ones in places like Lindisfarne in 793 or Clontarf in Ireland in 1014 or Stamford Bridge in 1066. Much less attention is paid to the relationship between the Norse from the Viking Age and the indigenous Sámi or Saami people who hunted and herded reindeer in the Far North of Scandinavia.
Hi everyone this is the first episode of a new feature on the channel, the History with Hilbert Podcast where I'll be taking a more long-form approach to look at different subjects from history. I'll be inviting some guests on in future and hopefully making it a regular, perhaps weekly or biweekly feature. Let me know what you think!
Mentioned Videos:
Jackson Crawford on Old Norse views of the Sámi & Others:
• The Norse on Other Cul...
Did Cows Doom the Norse Colony on Greenland?
• Did Cows Doom The Nors...
Other Related Videos:
Norwegian Mountain Trade in the Viking Age:
• How Is Climate Change ...
Why Did the Viking Age Begin?
• Why Did The Viking Age...
The Viking Age in Frisia:
• How Did the Viking Age...
How Big Was Denmark in the Viking Age?
• How Big Was Denmark in...
Why Didn't the Viking Colonise North America?
• Why Didn't the Vikings...
Were the Vikings More Cruel Than Other Peoples?
• Were the Vikings Meane...
What was the Religion of the Mongols?
• What was the Religion ...
The History of the Viking Age in England:
• The History of the Vik...
The History of Viking Age York:
• The Viking History of ...
Raid the Merch Market:
teespring.com/...
Go Fund My Windmills (Patreon):
/ historywithhilbert
Dive into Discord:
discordapp.com...
Join in the Banter on Twitter:
/ historywhilbert
Enter the Fray on Facebook:
/ historywhilbert
Indulge in some Instagram..?(the alliteration needs to stop):
/ historywithhilbert
Send me an email if you'd be interested in doing a collaboration! [e-mail]
#Viking #Sami #Sverige

[@historywithhilbert146]

Thanks for listening everyone, hope yous enjoyed the podcast! Be sure to check out the description for my other videos on the Viking Age and for articles if you'd like to find out more! If you found it interesting give me a thumbs up or considering subscribbling if you're new! I've listed timestamps below: 2:24: Introducing the Viking Age. 4:52: Textual sources on the Norse and the Sámi. 11:22: Linguistic evidence from Old Norse and Sámi loan words. 13:34: Sámi names in the Icelandic Sagas and bilingualism. 15:57: Seiðr and the influence of Sámi magic in Norse pagan religion. 19:49: DNA studies of the Sámi and their relationship with the Norse. 25:33: Archaeological evidence from multi-room stone houses in Northern Finnmark. 28:54: Icelandic trade with the Sámi. 32:11: How Scandinavians and Russians influenced Medieval Sámi culture and society. 37:10: Selenium-rich isotopes point to Sámi living much further south due to reindeer flesh consumption. 38:34: The Birklarkar: trans-cultural middlemen Sámi agents in Medieval Sweden. 42:04: Viking Age weights and balances found in Sámi contexts and the bullion economy. 42:43: Evidence of literate, judicially-aware Sámi in the 16th Century. 43:06: Other avenues of Sámi-Norse research. 43:53: Post-amble. 45:23: You're done go home. Kiss your loved ones. Be grateful for what you have. Also let me know which podcast topic you'd like to see next? -The Viking Age and Medieval Walrus Ivory Trade -What West African Beads Tell Us About Globalism in Medieval Africa -How Did the Anglo-Saxons Learn To Write

[@melaniescarlet01]

I vote for How the Anglo-Saxons Learned to Write! 😊

[@timothyvanwiggeren460]

I vote for globalism

[@ChineseGermanEmpireUSASSU]

@@timothyvanwiggeren460 sioys nevurshmeyj

[@angelicaalmeida604]

Thanks for the great work, Hilbert.

[@wolfetone2012]

You may want to consider pinning this as it's getting lost in the comment section

[@faegirdariusson2151]

I'm completely fine with dropping visuals for sake of goin indepth into the topic. But some reference photos might be cool sometimes.

[@historywithhilbert146]

I'm still tinkering with that so that might be something I'll incorporate in future.

[@faegirdariusson2151]

@@historywithhilbert146 Will be lookin' forward for it, good luck Hilbert.

[@Scott-zi7xv]

@@historywithhilbert146 Could you not work with someone that is also good at visuals? Might get you the best of both worlds.

[@ChristianThePagan]

I agree, I have always wondered about this topic so this video filled a blank in my knowledge of the period and I have no problem with longer less editing intensive videos.

[@bloodaxe5028]

I am not

[@valdivia1234567]

The only suggestion would be when you're talking about specific geographic places, maybe insert a map image showing the location you're mentioning? Really interesting though.

[@porkmilk8984]

This. This should be the default for all history. Put all different kinds of maps for locations.

[@kebman]

Some of the Sami are _still_ a nomadic people, and it's visible in how they're treated legally in the Nordic countries. The hardest of times were when they were prohibited from legally taking their livestock over the various Nordic borders. Anyway, they would often come and set up camp outside Norse towns and settlements and trade with them, for instance, and this still takes place up until today.

[@KibyNykraft]

Well that is barely. It is the case for the reindeer herder clans who are around 2-3 percent of the ethnic group. But they use helicopters, snowmobiles now... ;) The ones above 65 years old who are not reindeer herders spend quite much time on the tundra and in the bogs and woods still, in primarily the berry season, the hunting and the lake-fishing season + the easter vacation.

[@Nai_101]

@@KibyNykraft A lot of people younger than 65 do the same

[@garnerjoyce606]

People have seen pictures of grandparents /great grandparents

[@garnerjoyce606]

Leadership female/male, survival

[@garnerjoyce606]

Picture armies of children

[@llainc259]

Id love to listen to something like this as a downloadable podcast

[@rubenskiii]

Actually u can already do that, Just use a simple Video Converter and only convert the sound, download it and voila: You have it on your phone, forever and no internet required.

[@historywithhilbert146]

I'll see what websites are good for uploading podcasts so that you can do that.

[@jlukephillips]

I agree, this would be awesome in podcast form. Short form - videos, long form podcasts (for my 2 cents)

[@PunishedlLongshanks]

@@historywithhilbert146 I, too would love an RSS feed for the podcast. I think quite a few people use Libsyn.

[@ReaperCH90]

@@historywithhilbert146 what about uploading it to spotify? Would also earn you some money. Probably not a lot, but a free beer is a free beer ;)

[@Christian-bu1xc]

As a Norwegian this was super interesting to listen to, and I learned A LOT about our native people's history!

[@niklasvilhelm7247]

@@astianpesukone_4226 most sámi people people lives in scandinavia tho

[@anttitheinternetguy3213]

Im a half Finnish half sami and this was real interesting topic, something that is hard to come by usually!

[@sirreginaldfishingtonxvii6149]

@@astianpesukone_4226 Bruh I know people who's parents are Sami that live in Norway. Believe it or not, people can move. Also, the op could have been speaking of the norse, I guess.

[@frankpepe2079]

You’re more native then them, they came way after you

[@niklasvilhelm7247]

@@frankpepe2079 who?

[@ristusnotta1653]

Heh we also got really old Germanic loan words in Finnish that others have already stopped using. Isolation is a nice thing :)

[@kebman]

On nice! Which ones? It's strange watching the Sami language, because of some things are completely undistinguishable, yet some are pretty similar to Norwegian.

[@Christoph2600]

perkele

[@ristusnotta1653]

@@kebman langstuff.pjm.fi/frompgtofi/ there are some, the most known one may be the load word from Proto-Germanic "kuningaz" Finnish=kuningas, which is today in English "king" and in German "König"

[@marsukarhu9477]

@@Christoph2600 Perkele is actually a loan from the baltic languages. Perkeleh was the god of thunder (in Lithuanian it's Perkūnas).

[@Christoph2600]

@@marsukarhu9477 I just wanted to demonstrate my language skillz 🌚

[@lyreofgilgamesh]

Thank you man, as a Norwegian history enthusiast I have always wondered about the relations between the Norse and Sami. This was awesome.

[@StillRooneyStarcraft]

I like the format and enjoyed the podcast. Just one thing I'd wish for: when talking about geographic stuff, showing a map would help a lot.

[@GoalOrientedLifting]

I just wanna say thank you. This way of telling history was absolutely perfect for me. And i hope you do more in this format

[@willsmith5579]

How the Anglo Saxons learnt to write would be interesting

[@historywithhilbert146]

Thanks for the feedback I already recorded the next one on runes but a few people have said they'd be interested in this so I'll add it to the list!

[@benrussell1476]

Yes id like this one pls

[@drewweaves7573]

Monks from Frankia

From Romans, or Roman influenced cultures such as the Normans, who were vikings who settled in France.

[@mrcyberfish1]

with a thumbnail dipped in tar

[@ailo1917]

Great video! It's not often that I see any history channel on KZbin discuss anything to do with the Sámi, let alone care to mention them. As a Sámi in Norway, I was very pleased to find this video. There is much of my people's history I would like to learn more about, beside the forced assimilation policies of the past centuries. I didn't know, for instance, that the Norwegian word for fox comes from the Sámi languages, rather than the other way around. By the way: Siida is pronounced much like "cedar", but without the r.

[@toresanderify]

Is Siida Sami magic? Because in norce it is prunounced Seidr

[@ailo1917]

@@toresanderifyI'm not sure about the excact meaning of "Siida", nor its roots - though it generally refers to a set of families (could be related families, meaning that they form some variety of a clan) cooperating on reindeer herding. It's the term used for pastoral districts in Norway today.

[@KibyNykraft]

@@toresanderify Seidr refered to either knowledge or shamanism/druidism-like practice/beliefs. Depending on the context, but there was no distinction so much since the culture was quite superstitious in the non-scientific world. The classic siida like before the medieval age = an unwritten agreement on who hunts and fish where, somewhat similar to practices in the native american regions in the past. The aspect of reindeer herding siidas came into it later once the herds started getting slowly bigger and bigger.

[@KibyNykraft]

@@ailo1917 Yes there is more than enough about the "vikings" whenever there is a focus about Scandinavia in the angloamerican and south/central european cultures, and often in contexts where they even exaggerate enormously the meaning of the word in many ways. Du kjenner til begrepet norrøne folkeeventyr.

[@dianalynn6899]

I would very much enjoy a long-form format. The usual length often leaves me wanting more. Thank you for taking our opinion into consideration.

[@jasontrevorhaye]

Please do a podcast on the sami and the fins either together or separate! Grandmother is Finnish

[@hannem9799]

I am very much impressed by your broad range of interest and the quality of your videos. Also impressed by your pronounciation of Norse/Scandinavian names.

[@whiterider1414]

YES, love it.. I watch all of your content and videos and I would also like to to present a more simple to publish, long form-informative KZbin video with a simple photograph that captures the historical context of the subject matter or a simply upload a graphic that does the same job. I feel like I could create so much more content without having to worry about the graphics and making it look so appealing to the eyes and what not. Great Job HILBERT!

[@historywithhilbert146]

Thank you so much man that's really nice of you to say and good to know this is something you enjoy!

[@AslanW]

I've never seen anything from your channel before. I'm a swede and while we learned a bit about the Sami in school, my knowledge of the history of the Sami is embarrassingly lacking. We mostly learned about the relations that Swedes and Sami peoples had in more modern times (very dark stuff for the most part). This was a really interesting video and I'll be checking out your channel.

[@KibyNykraft]

Yes Aslan there is almost no emphasis on history as a subject in schools in Sweden and Norway, where they are better in Finland at this. School in Norway and sweden have gone off track into a lot of politics, averageminded stuff and religion, but very little of science, craftsmanship nor intellectually useful subjects.

[@ruthbennett7563]

So happy to see this topic. My son & I just enjoyed “Klaus” together & he really wanted to learn more about their culture because of their portrayal in that feature. The podcast format is fine. One piece of constructive criticism is that the looser discourse requirements can encourage rambling, which obscures your info delivery. I’m certain you’ll sharpen your focus & get the “ramble” out of your preamble as you hit your stride. I also agree with some of the other commenters that a few more visual aids would be helpful as you go through your presentation. It would also add structure to your lecture & increase our retention of your considerable amount of content. Those are just quibbles. I found this well worth my time to listen. Your voice is very pleasant & well-inflected. Thank you for posting it for our enjoyment.

[@SarahGreen523]

I am fascinated by this topic and I appreciated the longer podcast version that goes further in depth. I looked up my own maps and examples of Sami artifacts and stone houses. I love your content, no matter the format; it is exactly what I am studying and I trust that your information is based upon detailed research and study. Plus you referenced Jackson Crawford, my other favorite, and trusted resource. Thanks for doing this!!

[@dodododatdatdat]

superinteresting! I love the anthropological notes you integrate. Acknowledging the existence of magic in relation to how important and real this used to be, and some argue still is i.e superstitions, to people. Loved it!

[@historywithhilbert146]

Thank you so much for the feedback!

[@dodododatdatdat]

@@historywithhilbert146 graag gedaan :)

[@rubenskiii]

PERKELE!

[@HONNEKI]

Yes yes, a man of Sauna-Culture :D you have my respect! :DD

[@KevinSmith-yh6tl]

👌

[@MilanM33]

More of a Perkūnas type of guy myself

[@FinQuerilla]

Dievas safeguard (us)! What comes from there!? Taivas varjele! Mitä sieltä tulee!? - Antero Mertaranta kzbin.info/www/bejne/l3fZqmePiNlkqrM

[@AllahCat7889]

ei no mida vittu

[@BrianelSuperMacho]

I liked it a lot. I often listen to long format stuff like this while doing menial tasks, so I would rather actually this format than ones that rely upon visuals, since I listen more than watch. Very interesting topic! I’ve always been curious about the Saami.

[@AphroditesBitch]

Love the long form style! It's great to have this on in the background while I'm exercising/doing chores. One note though, KZbin is not well suited to a non-visual text. I could definitely download this with some converter if I wanted to to be fair, but it would be great if this were available on some podcast platform to make it more accessible. Big undertaking I know but maybe worth exploring!

[@sebastianelioberlieen7906]

I like the podcast version too. Especially about subjects from a long time ago where there are no good pictures for. Good job!

[@myNamesTakin]

This is a better route for an educational prospective. Like listening to an ebook it sure helps.

[@Kimmo1Ojala]

Thanks for a great video! Please do a video on how the Norse interacted with Finnic people next.

[@hhdivil]

I usually listen to your videos as I'm doing things around the house, so for me this format is great.

[@orev5035]

Hilbert. I subscribed to your channel for a reason. I am interested in every topic you've posted about so far, and I am likely to enjoy anything you post in the future. Keep up the good work.

[@JS-fd8ey]

The story about the trade of insults between Ođin and Loki is indeed from the Lokasenna.

[@naarmalaide]

This is a brilliant format for you! I love the regular videos, but this definitely fits a niche of more long form informal discussion that too few channels I follow have branched out into. If you enjoy producing these podcasts I say go for it, and add it to your repertoire.

[@quacky1874]

Interesting topic tonight considering I live with Norwegian Sámi housemates. I was only aware of more modern interactions between sámi and norwegian state. One thing that you didn't mention is that I often hear about two types of Sámi, the mountain Sámi known for the reindeer herding and semi-nomadic life but also the sea Sámi, living on the fjords more permanently from fishing. In the context of trade and interactions I would imagine these to be quite different. Also when you speak of the use of metals and silver in Sámi culture, you can see a lot of the history and more contemporary designs and uses of this at the silversmiths in Kautokeino. This sort of thing is very much still alive.

[@DarkRyderWhisky]

Whatever form you pick you'll do great man. You've got a natural talent for it and a great education. I would certainly like to see you continue doing both your traditional video's and this new "podcast" style.

[@lmclm1755]

Excellent. The long form is good. You can easily repurpose the content into "bite-size" chunks.

[@MrFrancescomagno]

great content, I actually prefer the audio format as I can listen while doing other stuff, also like the long form and more in depth approach. I really wish you make more podcasts in the future

[@AlexNicholls.]

10:33 interesting what you say about the word for buying, the word for town in modern Finnish is Kaupunki which surely must be related; town/market, not so different things especially in those times

[@fanbuoy9234]

I’d say that probably comes from ”köping”, which is an old Swedish word for town, with the same roots. It’s still seen in many city names, such as Linköping, Norrköping and Jönköping. The verb “buy” in Swedish is “köpa”.

[@jedisith3864]

First time viewer. Clicked because the length of this video was what I wanted on the subject. Never thought about visuals but when you mentioned it at the start I just shrugged, podcast form is fine. Quality information is the valuable part and it is definitely provided. For what that's worth.

[@llamennfarce4104]

I think that the classic video form is great, but if the podcasts allow you to delve deeper into these topics, then I’m all in!

[@The10mmcure]

I've always wondered why it's rarely ever mentioned that if you circumnavigate the Arctic Circle,the people are all the same kind or at least very similar kind of people. I've always thought that was weird,especially if you factor in most establishment 4 year university types,anthropologists and such go out of their way to put down anything that doesn't correlate to their specific narratives. I mean when I was a kid we watched a film on Laplanders and for a good while after that I knew no better than to think they were ethnic "Europeans" that herded reindeer. And that was an old ass film that was already old when I was a kid in the mid 80's so that kind of thing goes way back.

[@edumatoso214]

@@CreateHarmony It might be easier to criss cross the artic rather than the atlantic

[@KibyNykraft]

@@CreateHarmony Well the until recently hypothesis of how migration happened was mostly just dictated by the big religions, in fear that the science community would prove that the world wasn't appearing out of the magic wand of a god only some thousands of years ago.... There are major changes to the dating of migration theory pretty quickly during the last only 12-15 years. That we migrated out from Africa is no doubt real. I am not sure what you are talking about when you say that migrations went across the Atlantic? That was in modern times from barely the viking age (but not sustained), and mostly from the time of Columbus. The ancient migrations into Americas from Eurasian regions went from Siberia into the northern american continent. This is the arctic route. This all scientists agree on except the fringes of alternative media. What there is not agreed on is the exact dating of which migrations which is a much harder question that must take into account climate conditions for example.

[@KibyNykraft]

@@edumatoso214 Depends on what you mean by "criss cross"... Nobody walks into the North pole. Especially not in elder times. Only the Nansen, Nobile, Amundsen types do that. And that was in the age of modern history of exploring the poles. Before the glacial maximum the subarctic and small sections of the arctic were land areas much bigger than now, so travel would be happening to some degree. The H-G cultures moved around occasionally for several reasons over time. From the Glacial Maximum of the ice age and onwards this became much more restricted, due to enormous areas of ice and snow. After that melting floods, changes of topography, practically impossible conditions for H-G travel. They didnt exactly have Concordes. So all of the migration into the north american continent and Greenland most clearly must have happened before the GM. "Scholars" who still refuse this are stuck in theological mud :)

[@ladyliberty417]

A great beginning! You have so much to talk about you need a forum that is easy for you sometimes❣️ I enjoy hearing about the sagas, I’ve read them ( what’s available in English that is) but need scholarly interpretation on all the meaning they imply, just to name one thing. Thank you Hilbert!

[@DougShoeBushcraft]

How did Norse and Sami interact? They got married and had babies -which is why I'm here today.

[@stefanschug5490]

Excellent compilation! Here in northern Canada the deer are gathering around human settlements, especially in winter time to get a break from wolf predation. Maybe the wolves avoided Sami settlements as well and the raindeer took advantage of the same additional safety aspect. The next step to semi-domestication seems evident with the additional advantage for Sami people, respectively speak food security and trading goods. Similar, more recent timed semi-domestication efforts of moose in parts of Russia also support that hypothesis. In regard to the DNA mixture in the gene pool I am convinced that mostly females were absorbed in the tribes, that were either stolen, traded or otherwise abandoned by their own people. That is how mitochondrial DNA from Neanderthals made it into Homo sapiens and how the North American Indian gene pool got its diversity.

[@here_we_go_again2571]

I am impressed with your pod cast. Thank you for sharing. :)

[@MrThedalaillamaknows]

This is great but very hard to watch a 45min video with ads every 3-5mins...

[@patrickblanchette4337]

To be honest, I prefer regular videos over podcasts, as I usually don’t have time to listen to podcasts and I tend to remember more from regular videos vs. podcasts. But this is a wonderful podcast regardless & thank you for making it.

[@8bitgubben]

More of these podcasts please!

[@reggieroyster6463]

I want more of this. This was super fucking good

[@happyspanners]

A Simon Roper x Hilbert podcast would be A M A Z I N G.

[@hildolfrdraugadrottin7279]

Very interesting. I've wondered what the relationship between these people's were. Their knives look pretty similar, at least now days. But I imagine they always were.This is the first information I've came across on the subject. Thanks for sharing it with us. 😊

[@Oddn7751]

I love this format! And I'd love to hear more about the Norse!

[@draxle176]

great video :D always happy to learn more about finno-ugric peoples!

[@guadalupedfiasco2007]

I enjoyed this immensely. It’s a lot of information but that’s good. Thank you for covering this.

[@Tree_a_Boar]

i like the podcast format. I'm now able to listen whilst i work safe in the knowledge i'm not missing visuals. looking forward to the poll.

[@Demandroid]

Like the podcast! Great addition to the videos you do, they are both good for their own reasons.

[@aitorboadabenito1362]

Love this kind of videos and these topics. Please keep it up! Cheers

[@eriktorp-olsen1706]

Thanks for this video. Very interesting indeed. Regarding the sami word for "fox"="rieban", which resembles the norwegian word "rev" or swedish "räv": A little more east in county Finnmark, the spelling is "rieban" but the pronounciation is "rievan" which makes it even closer to "rev/räv". Also, the word "siida" is pronounced "seeda".

[@PerfectBrEAThER]

firefox 🦊 dollarieban From dolla (“fire”) +‎ rieban (“fox”). Proto-Uralic *tule Proto-Finno-Permic *repä From Avestan raopi 🦊 (P-I-Iranian *Hláwpiš) the word has come a long way.

[@999Giustina]

I'd really like to hear about the Sami point of view. I'm sure they have a recollection of something of this time, possibly oral.

[@0mgskillz96]

Well, the Sámi god of death and sickness for example was "Ruohtta", and he was modeled after a norseman on horseback lol. Horses were feared and detested animals due to them being the preferred mode of transportation of the norsemen. From this we can see that the Sámi weren't always keen about the Vikings.

[@dsm5d723]

Thanks, the Finno-Uralic peoples are of interest to me, and have been largely left out of the big picture. I love how language/ancestry groups can be trumped by the environment, like Doggerland hunting strategies informing culture and how people interact. ANYTHING on the Finns and their struggle against their more connected neighbors would be appreciated.

[@KibyNykraft]

You can also read about the Nenets/Nyenets reindeer herders in Russia, and the Mansi people in Ural in Russia (the Mansi are often more east-asian looking, but a language slightly close to finnish and säämi)

[@pieterhulsen9170]

I already learnt some from another youtube chanel as well but more of a summary of Normans in italy (and the kingdoms they set up) would be fun. maybe a video topic for you?

[@Conorisme1]

this format worked great!!

[@VologdaMapping]

Very interesting indeed. As a Swedish speaker I think the pronounciation was good enough, I understood the words you were trying to say at least.

[@taintedtaylor2586]

Honestly, I don’t really like the “podcast” format, I want to be in KZbin to watch videos and see how you can get a visual approach on education. Sorry if the comment sounds a little bit harsh, I just want to let it out to you.

[@timothyvanwiggeren460]

Strange, I usually go to KZbin for verbal education

[@rubenskiii]

I like it, one can just listen without worrying about missing visual information.

[@historywithhilbert146]

That's fair enough and thank you for your feedback.My "normal" videos will still be uploaded once a week on a Saturday so that's not going away this is just being added :)

[@taintedtaylor2586]

History With Hilbert thank you man, I just wanted to help you by expressing my opinion on the subject

[@gorillaguerillaDK]

Don’t forget that Óðinn learned Seiðr by the Vanir gods, so I’ve always speculated if the "War with the Vanirs" had its roots in how aspects from two cultures merged when Germanic Tribes came from the South and encountered Uralic Tribes who came from the East….

[@matthewmelange]

2:24 End of preamble.

[@domsjuk]

Thank you! I was looking for the time stamp he mentioned, but haven't found it.

[@ryanedwards805]

Thank you! The description contains no timestamp.

[@edenromanov]

Definitely want more content like this m8, more in depth videos on certain subjects sounds great, I will request...literally anything to do with the Mongolians, love their culture and I feel they don't get the recognition they deserve passed the great Chinggis Khan

[@strada21_]

I enjoy this topic as well ,, a true history persons cherishes all kind of history

[@roflswamp6]

Im insanely interested in seeing this holy shit so glad you made it thank you!!!

[@RobMoerland]

KZbin is a video platform. And many educational channels add interesting pictures or videos to the the information. But in the end I just listen and hardly ever watch. So I don't mind your single picture podcast episode. It was very interesting. Thanks.

[@rubenskiii]

@Rob Moerland yeah Lindybeige adds what's bassicaly an hour or longer ramble, but i love it. You gotta watch it tho, because otherwise you would mis maps, pictures and visual jokes.

[@karenk2409]

American here. Since about half of my DNA are Norwegian with a good smattering of Finn and Sami, this was really interesting!

[@BasicMachinist]

Hey Hilbert, normaal kan ik niet naar Nederlanders luisteren die Engels spreken door vreselijke Nederlandse accenten, maar dit heb ik totaal niet bij jou :) verdient een compliment.

[@jacobbullock6886]

This is incredible, good work!

[@Livinivs]

Really interesting mention of them having Norse names, based on the family research I've done it seems that I have many ancestors that come from north/central Sweden from the 1600s. I always assumed they were Swedes since they had Scandinavian names and some were born on the coast of Finland, but perhaps some were actually Sami.. not sure exactly how things were in the 1600s though

[@VikingFitness00]

if you do a DNA test kit you will find out if you have Saami blood. Is seperate between Scandinavian, Finnish, Russian and Saami is under another section i cant recall the exact name but its in the DNA report.

[@Desh282]

Please do a podcast on Scandinavians and the rus? And maybe the earliest eastern Slavic history we have ?

[@phineasdecool8982]

Interesting topic but way too many commercials!

[@joschafinger126]

I miss the visuals somewhat, though I do see the point. As for detail, depth and all that you're blowing my mind, again. What that interaction was like is something that I've often asked myself. Thanks for making this great podcast.

[@TrueSonOfWalhall]

an episode on the hisrtory of the language of the sami in comparison to the finnish language would be interesting

[@trojanette8345]

Hello, Hilbert. Haven't had a chance to tap into your channel in a while. Glad to know that despite your hectic schedule you, still manage to find time for your viewers. Great and very informative video, btw. Wanted to leave a short comment amout the Sami. For some of us who are of a certain age that were in primary schools before '72 or '73 we were taught / led to believe that the Sami were people who began as a splinter group from the "lands of the Russe". Then going into the 1980's and the hype of Christmas commercialism that all seemed to fade away and students were then told these people were from Lapland. Where the heck did that come from (rhetorical question)?

[@mrnosimping8319]

I like this new format, I can have it on whilst I work 👏

[@drainmonkeys385]

I have both Norse and Sami heritage... 3 days later... I had no recollection of posting this

[@yesbutactuallyno8305]

Hey! Im half Sapmi/sami and half Norwegian and i have always tried to find information about this, like who was the Viking "sami" army that attacked the Britisg isles? and in Medieval total war 2 Norway can recriut sami axemen Very interresting, love it=) the Sapmi people is indigenous native caucasians with sjamans etc BTW

[@Aurinkohirvi]

I think an important thing to say here is, that Scandinavians didn't know difference between the Sami and the Finns. They called both of these as Finns and their land Finland. Thus it is rather difficult to say when a story in a saga means the Sami or the Finns. "Finn" is a name that Scandinavians used. Actual Finns called themselves as "suomalaiset" and "hämäläiset." "Karjalaiset" is a bit later tribe, so probably not used yet in the Viking Age, "Savolaiset" a later still. "Kainulaiset" (the people of Kainuu, Kvenland) was probably in use around 900AD already.

[@bluevedran1469]

cool podcast man, really enjoying it how is it that you spell the word for fox in old norse. Is it revr?

[@kernowforester811]

My maternal mitochondrial DNA haplo group is V. An ancient European hunter gatherer group, which is only about 3% of the UK and general European population, but about 68% of the Saami. So my maternal lineage is rare. I suspect it came via the norse, who settled SE Ireland, especially around Dublin. As a comment, Paul Hewson (aka Bono), is also m-DNA haplogroup V, perhaps for the same reason? My autosomal DNA is typically western UK and Ireland, with an 85% match. From Cornwall.

[@DaDunge]

18:20 the sami never lived further south in scandinavia. Before the coming of the agricultural settlers, who after being conquered by indo europeans became the protogermanic tribes, southern scandinavia was inhabited by hunter gatherers of the same kind as further south and west in Europe. They were nomadic but they were not fennougric.

[@martinan22]

Exactly. Well, scholars usually call the original hunter gatherers SHGs, Scandinavian Hunter Gatherers because Scandinavia was colonized both from the East by Eastern Hunter Gatherers and from the south by Western Hunter Gatherers when the ice melted.

[@koryos4401]

Uralic languages ultimately originated east of the urals and any denial of this is rooted in ethocentrism. N1c which is prevalent in Europe developed in China and we see no trace of it until the Seima-Turbino network reaches Europe. The Saami word for southener and southwest is derived from the word Aryan and we know they lived around and east of the Urals.

[@0mgskillz96]

@@koryos4401 Backing up this theory is that a word for Siberian pine "syksa" can be reconstructed into Proto-Uralic and it grows all over in Siberia, but on the European side it only grows in a close proximity of the Central and Northern Ural mountains.

[@johnjaeger2968]

Personally, I love both styles of videos. That said, in longer videos, it'd be nice if you could add a minimal number of graphics like maps just so it's easier to note which sites you're speaking of. For instance, I know where Hordaland is because I play way too much CK2 and EU4, but I could see a ton of fellow Americans scratching their head wondering if that's in Finland, or northern Scandinavia, or maybe Iceland even lol

[@KibyNykraft]

I can't resist mentioning then that many americans (most) know zero locations outside of their own country. However there is internet and Google earth etc. So that should be easy. Now Hordaland is no longer a formal adminstrative region in Norway (it was a "fylke" before) so the name will maybe not be around on Google map and so forth for very long. The name is however pretty old. In modern norwegian, "horde" is a group of warriors or (funnier) a group of angry drunk people.

[@johnjaeger2968]

@@KibyNykraft I wonder if our word for horde comes from the same root-word. But yeah, most people will have no problem googling it, but they'll have a hell of a time if they only hear the word and don't know how it's spelled or pronounced. All in all, more info is just generally better imo

[@DaDunge]

18:00 It's not really all that strange, whilst the norse become a thing in the 7th century ad the germanic tribes go back all the way to 1200BC in scandinavia, and they in turn come from a indoeuropean tradition that started migrating into Europe around 4000BC. The anscestors of the norse are middle eastern agricultural peoples who migrated in even before that. These people have butted up against the sami since time immemorial.

[@martinan22]

No. The Sami did not migrate into Scandinavia until much later. The Sami language and culture formed in Karelia 3-1.3 TYA. And hunter gatherer DNA is more common in modern Scandinavians than Agriculturalist DNA. I1 is the most common haplogroup in Swedish men, for example.

[@DaDunge]

@@martinan22 Haplogroup is a very bad metric of genetics, you are much better of looking at admixtures.

[@calvin5541]

Watching this while playing as Scandinavia in ck3...these guys are tough to conquer but I gotta do it to create the empire title

[@rolfjohansen5376]

Norwegian here ... I have always liked the Samic people and culture

[@magnipettersson4432]

Lmao Sàmi and Norse are like two adoptive brothers, where one just minds it’s business while the other is the kid who always rebels,

[@shadesmarerik4112]

The colors of the norse picture are so accurate... u drive through Denmark (in summer) and everything u see is yellow and brown

[@yacinebenchoubane3645]

Well that was an interesting topic, we rarely speak about the Sami people and their customs Good job mate

[@elvenkind6072]

The Sami originally lived further south in Norway, in Trøndelag and south, and in Norway they are still classified as being among the South-Sami and North-Sami, and as Norse and modern Scandinavian languages are Germanic peoples, these could only come from the south and inhabit this land with permanent, agricultural settlements and driving away the Sami. I don't remember if it was Jordanes that mentioned trade going on with iron objects in return for furs, ivory and similar, but I find this to be a likely theory of contact, and I'm sure it would be very lucrative deals for anyone winning to take both useful objects for hunting and luxury consumer things all the way to the people furthest north. In a Norwegian book called "Den Svarte Vikingen" by Bergsveinn Birgisson, not sure if this work is translated or not, but here he talks a lot about Bjarmeland and the Bjarme people, that could be identical to the Sami, and trade going on all the way north to the White Sea. There used to be a lot of superstition and fear with regard to the Sami, whom where thought to be in possession of very powerful magic, this is for example metioned by Knut Hamsun in his nobel prize winning work Markens Grøde. Anyway the descriptions in the start of Snorre Sturlason, about Odin and the "unmanly things" he did in regard to gand/seid, do sound like Shamanism, and I can only guess that there were shared knowledge of "religion"/ritualistic behavior, how to obtain visions, getting into a trance and the like, and Mircea Eliade talk alot about the similarities among all ancient people and mention specially the Siberian tradition here.

[@elvenkind6072]

@Amalie Olsdatter Perhaps you are thinking of "Skogfinne", or "Forest Finns", that have a migration from Finland into the border regions of Sweden and Norway, not as early as 2000 years ago, but for example Olav Den Hellige, or St. Olav, the only Norwegian Saint were of Forest Finnish origins, that had some special cultural traits not commonly shared with the rest of the Norse population. I've never heard of Eastern European DNA, and all Scandinavians are easily identifiable as a Germanic People, not as Slavic People ethnically. From the Norwegian colony in Ireland, where Dublin was founded as a slave colony in the Viking Era, a lot of Norwegians share the special Norse and Gaelic mix that's also so common in Iceland, that show that the Irish probably eventually became part of the ethnic structure, so that for example me and my kin have this mix of blood, even if I can trade the family roots almost a millennia back to the same area of Western Norway that we still live in, where there's never been any Gaelic presence in itself. So personally I have only Norse and Gaelic DNA, nothing from the Finnish Peoples or Slavic Peoples. Wait, I'm wrong, actually in Mid-Norway, along the areas around Trondheim there's a certain Slavic element, not sure where this come from, but it could be that this too is from slavery. I have never heard of any Slavic migration similar to that of the Finnish one.

[@shaiaheyes2c41]

Tusen takk!

[@horisontial]

I respect that you communicate this and that your views are probably in line with the experts. But I don't necessarily take your word as much as I would as had it been a ph.d or one of your professors from. I'd like to see your literary references in the description.

[@SongbirdAlom]

@Ruthanne D'Antuono this

[@antiquatedideas1107]

Hilbert, I'd really like to get involved with you. I run my own podcast and I'd love to be involved in the production of even just something theoretical. Also please put your podcast on Spotify!

[@Agerskiold]

Thanks You, sir - a Most valuable information 🙏🏻 Greetings from Denmark 🇩🇰

[@anofsti]

Hey friend - regarding borders between Sápmi or Norse in the North. If you think about the spine of Norway, you can rather say that the Sápmi during the viking age had "control" over the mountain ranges and the steppes in Northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland (and also the Kola peninsula) South Saepmie (different language, same language group and culture) that (probably) lived as far south as Dovre, and some theories say that the princess Harald Fairhair wanted to marry was a saepmie princess. And their current "locations" where the language and culture are relatively common, are in the mountains of Trøndelag, and also in Jämtland and Härjedalen in Sweden. Much of Sápmi culture was eradicated due to norweginanization, and it's just in the last 30 years that Sápmi and Kvæn culture has been accepted and promoted. Honorable mention to the Lulesápmi () who lives in the middle of the historical area.

[@danielsonski]

Interesting! I vote for more (Y). On a different note. Do you also have sources to academic articles?

[@t3hRulez]

I use public transportation and love the longer form to educate me for a whole commute. Preamble finishes @2:25

[@aaronstonebeat]

Very interesting! Just half way through, but how are Finnish and Hungarian related linguistically and historically? And, since I'm from there, what about a history of Limburg? I'd love to hear your insights.

[@julians7268]

I love the long form... but these ads are ridiculous. I like to set the phone down and listen when going to bed but it feels like I'm having to roll over every couple minutes to skip an ad.

[@julians7268]

I ended up having to stop. The ads kept scaring the hell out of me.