How does a substation work?

[@dendeanda]

I changed out the battery in my car once. I’m right there with ya buddy.

[@Bobsdecline]

Glad we can relate! 👊🙌🍻

[@t-bonethepowerlineworkerfi4120]

@@Bobsdecline are you a line worker

[@XXprimetimeKobeXX]

tee bone yes

[@pradumgoud8704]

@@Bobsdecline 1

[@LaGzerdotcom]

Same bro, i changed batteries in my remote ✊

[@Skaggins]

Just found your channel. As a 30 year veteran of the power company (17 in substation) I really appreciate your ability to teach these things in a way that really sheds light for the layman. When I was a new hire in 1990, one of the old guys told me, "never ever stop learning." That advice kept me safe and up-to-date throughout my career. I try to learn something new every week if not every day.

[@Bobsdecline]

Excellent advice! Thanks for sharing Eric

[@panomoro1746]

Can you give me your number or your email? I want to ask you something

[@750kv8]

02:34 - Why SF6 used is actualy not only its density, but also the fact it likes to keep its own electrons bound to itself very tight, thus it's very hard to get it ionized. 03:39 - The oil is also one of the insulating materials (as well as that in the low voltage side oil breakers). Great video, thanks! 👍

[@InsideOfMyOwnMind]

And here I thought I was a total badass😎 dealing with a paltry 40kv in the TV sets back in the day.

[@750kv8]

@@InsideOfMyOwnMind - Flybacks are fun. ⚡⚡✨Played with them a lot years ago, powered with a DIY ZVS driver.

[@FlevasGR]

These videos are amazing. I love how through the power of the internet one can pick a camera and start talking about a niche topic that is viewed by 28K viewers. As if no one really know how interesting a topic is until it is exposed freerly to the users.

[@techdevelopment1463]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/e4K0mXlqm9p6qtU

[@RingingResonance]

I love the passion you linemen put into your work. Much respect.

[@fritzy381]

Great vid. As a electricity fan myself, I could watch these vids all day and learn something new

[@Bobsdecline]

Thanks fritzy! That's a great thing about our work... We continue to learn throughout our entire career!

[@death_parade]

Might sound dumb, but "electricity fan" makes me think of a tablefan for some reason. So I chuckled thinking I am reading a comment written by a table fan. And now I am replying to that comment. Internet of things, they said. Didn't know this is what they meant. Imma' head out now.

[@jovetj]

I prefer "power line nerd," myself. Though I guess I'm an electrical nerd as well. I already know most of the stuff presented in this videos, but I like seeing equipment and soaking in info!

[@finalarrow8188]

Just came here after Elec 2602 lecture in Carleton Uni. My Prof used your video to explain about sub station. Was really helpful. Do more videos in elec stuff. Thank you.

[@santananicky]

As ELECTRICAL SUPERVISOR at construction site , Im still learning from you , keep it up bro .LETS WE POWER UP OUR WORLD !!!

[@Bobsdecline]

👊👊 Cheers man!

[@viridescentlycanthropex3391]

Keep it up!!! Enjoyed your video..Im a trainee electrical engineer in a 1223 MW CCPP station currently posted on a 500KV switchyard operations

[@evanmcclain1586]

500kV ? wow, would be cool to see that. Plant Farley which is 90-100 miles from me in AL has a 500kV line, always fascinated when I travel HWY 231/431 and see it cross over. I always wander how far the line can go, before it's "stepped up" again because of voltage drop. Be safe!

[@LinemanUniverse]

Dude you nailed it! It felt like an internet car sale with a virtual tour. If it were, I'd be signing paperwork right now. Great video!👍

[@wfukfm]

You know its the big stuff when they call 7200 volts the low voltage side.

[@silverdoggg]

Still wrapping my head around that, the 14kv substations and transformers in my plant scare the hell outta me. The hum from those bastards make the floor shake

[@jesuswasasalesman]

You should feel a 500/220kv bank. That is extremely unsettling.

[@wesley1983]

We have 345kv to 138kv. The 138kv there is called the low side

[@jovetj]

I think, in this context, the "low" was simply relative as it is a _step-down_ transformer.

[@jovetj]

@@silverdoggg The physical mechanism that generates that hum is also fascinating. The strong magnetic fields in the core of the transformer literally vibrate parts of it, especially the iron/ferrite core.

[@Antny1973]

How could anyone give a thumbs down on this video? Thank you for posting this, I've always been curious about substations and our electrical grid here in Texas. Thank you so much for simplifying all this complicated engineering.

[@Bobsdecline]

Wow thanks for the great feedback!👊 Cheers to you in Texas!

[@Antny1973]

@@Bobsdecline I have a question: when y'all are working on above ground power lines such as 3 phase, y'all connect all three together with cables, why is this? Wouldn't that cause a "short" (if short is the correct term).

[@kingofrandom9504]

@@Antny1973 yes,they open the line and then connect it to the neutral wire which is tied to ground and that drains any induction in the lines because the lines can hold a charge and is very dangerous if not grounded,that is also for if the line would become energized it would blow the fuses or open the recloser because it's a dead short

[@joeboyle9895]

You're the man. As an apprentice, all of your videos are very helpful. thanks brother

[@mybeachshack]

Extremely enlightening, Sir. "Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic!" Thank you for posting. Subscribed.

[@johnrieley1404]

Great video, but much more factual and science based than magic. The more you understand, the less magical.

[@SKF108]

From a 4th commercial electrician, much respect to you linemen! Working with 347/600V is scary enough.

[@HornetKingOfficial]

Excellent explanation!

[@rascalszx2]

This type of stuff has always interested me. I did two years as an electrician's apprentice and it made that interest even stronger. Even though I deal with computers and security cameras, I still have a deep interest in electricity and it's wonders. I clicked the old subscribe button and I will watch for more of your videos. Greetings from Texas.

[@InsideOfMyOwnMind]

As a mere consumer of electricity I have observed in my area that on a hard fault where service is interrupted for repairs there will be typically two dips in the power followed by the outage. I am enjoying your explanations of the raw basics.

[@death_parade]

Not a pro, but on another video it was said that the sub-station's circuit breaker, on being triggered, initiates a disconnect, then reconnects automatically. It does so a couple of times. And if the fault is still not cleared out by then, it disconnects one last time, shutting down for human intervention. So the dips in power you mention are probably that.

[@Bobsdecline]

Yes! That's exactly it 👊👊. To correct some of the wording, the substation circuit breaker is our Sf6 gas interrupter that protects the power transformer in the sub. It doesn't automatically reclose as when it goes off, there's a good chance it's something major. The reclosing devices are the cabinet circuit breakers, oil reclosers, vacuum reclosers, intellirupters etc... Exactly as you just described 🙌

[@XMguy]

We’ve all seen that old KZbin video of one of those switches being opened and the crew yelling “whoo”.

[@AndreySloan_is_a_cnut]

Having always been intrigued by electrical infrastructure, many years ago as a boy I had the opportunity to watch a couple of linemen from set up a demo on the basics of power transmission, and more importantly the dangers of contacting that infrastructure/downed lines, etc presented by the local REMC. It was tremendously informative, learning about cut-outs, fuses, reclosers and such, but it obviously focused mainly on the 7200v side of things. I’d always wondered about all of the strange equipment surrounding the transformers at substations - thank you so much for satisfying my curiosity about many of these things after around 45 years! Your videos are very well done and very informative - thank you, and please keep them coming!

[@sathyamparanjalbyshameer7296]

I worked in substation electrician. This is a good video for beginners.

[@Darknecros7]

For some reason, I always LOVE the sound of 60Hz hum from those places. There are a few places where I live that have high voltage lines that cross the street where I go for a walk a times, where I can hear the sound of the power when there isn’t too much traffic. It’s amazing just how the power grid is. Just imagine what a substation that deals with 750Kv looks like.

[@tubeDude48]

Very cool! Never had any idea that the insulators would have gas in them!!

[@jovetj]

As he mentioned, it _looks_ like an insulator, but it's not. It's an enclosed load-breaking switch.

[@retroandrailways]

With going trough all this in this video, you have reminded me of a subject that was called "Switching devices" which we had in school where we were learning about all those kinds of breakers and disassemblers, as we say over here for those kinds of switches.

[@kampucheaflower]

I am curious, where does the power come from for the cooling fans on the bug transformer? Is there a little auxiliary transformer someplace that drops the voltage down from 7200 volts for stuff like that?

[@Bobsdecline]

Yes exactly! Sometimes it's built into the power transformer. This one has a pole mounted one hanging on the steel you can see on the right hand side about 3/4 through the video

[@rascalszx2]

You can see the pole mounted transformer at 05:21. 😊

[@christopherrichardson5352]

@@rascalszx2 Exactly. It is called a "station service" transformer.

[@df0rce]

What if the main power is cut?

[@wesley1983]

@@df0rce that fine most things can run for a bit. There is usually a DC battery bank (132vdc) for critical equipment. The fans don't need to be running unless there is load through the transformer.

[@justinbyers1725]

I used to work for a company that contracted with two of our area's power companies spraying substations for weeds. The one company in particular I had to call their dispatch desk to inform them I was accessing their substations so they wouldn't operate any remote switches. The other company didn't have that requirement so we had to be extra mindful around the equipment because they could switch it at anytime. I was standing near a Cap Switcher when it closed and it sounded like a Shotgun went off. Substations could range in size from 0.1 acres and a bank of 3 transformers all the way up to 30 and 40 acres monsters that had dozens of transformers and hundreds of pieces of equipment

[@movax20h]

Some high voltage substations do have permanent staff non-stop on site. But yeah, a lot of ones powering small towns is fully automated for very long time (since 80s probably).

[@ikonix360]

Had you been hurt the other company could have been held liable for any and all damages to you and your equipment.

[@jason258]

Idk how I got to this part of youtube because the closest I get to being a lineman is plugging in a fan. But this is hella interesting.

[@Capecodham]

What does idk mean?

[@RustyRogers]

@@Capecodham I don't know.

[@burtfisher7059]

@@RustyRogers If you don't know why did you answer?

[@djawana]

Burt Fisher idk means “I don’t know”...

[@omniyambot9876]

@@burtfisher7059 ye, he doesn't know

[@ablemagawitch]

KZbin algorithms... Just suggested this right at the end of June 2020 as new upload, I would have subscribed sooner had I seen it. Great videos for the couple I've checked out, easy to go to overly advance but you cover complex equipment with explaining it in several levels of learning. So those that don't know about it can understand it and those that know enough to be dangerous still learn . Which makes you great teacher, thank you for taking the time to make and upload your videos.

[@Dob.7749]

Hats up to you for shooting while this energy monsters are on.

[@kamloopscruiser874]

I like your videos. I worked in a power utility for almost 43 years before retiring. If seen some pretty wicked arcs created when switches open. We actually had load break disconnects to switch power lines or equipped. 500 KV arcs are pretty wicked to see. The arcs from induced voltages can be pretty bad .

[@jimmymac2292]

Thank you for this video. Im an inside wireman. I recent got a job in a high voltage shop. They will train me. But this was a great intruduction to substations

[@jgroves55]

great job explaining the sub station and how it works

[@TheRetroShed]

Brilliant video! Love this geeky stuff. Substations are cool. That hum is like music!

[@Truthsker]

Just started building substations and your videos are helpful. Thanks

[@jamestuccillo]

A guideline?! These videos?! Their so well done and informative I thought this was THE Linesman's College course!

[@user-marco-S]

We had in my area (and some other areas) in 2015 a large power outage. There was a motor malfunction in a switch in the substation. A thinking error of a employer after the discovery caused a short resulting in the power outage. The power outage lasted about 1 to 4 hours, depending of the area. Almost forgot to mention: They did do a test, what they sometimes do. Only this time, something did go wrong.

[@-scieng-6592]

I'll be on site soon and will get to see what's inside a substation. Can't wait.

[@yukongoatslayer7383]

Sir, your videos are very interesting. I would like to commend you for being specific about this not being a training video. I'm a truck driver who watches many truck driving how to videos. I am particularly infuriated with one person who produces videos that are total garbage, yet he promotes them as "how to" or otherwise, educational videos. He in my opinion is creating dangerous situations. Having a liability disclaimer is essential when producing any type of video that others might use as a learning resource. So well done sir! You're content is excellent. You audio and video is excellent. Keep up the great content! Subscribed!

[@TheDirtyChef]

Love these videos. I have always been fascinated by electricity.

[@busoldmanphil7293]

This is the best of them because you speak clearly and slowly. For us with diminished hearing it's easy to understand when guys like you are clean shaven so we can observe your lips and facial expressions. Thanks for your style. BTW please get softer soled shoes, the crunching is disturbing to some of us.

[@cousineddie7898]

Very interesting. Thank you for the walk through.

[@12voltvids]

Wow, great stuff. I work for one of the big phone companies and I wouldn't be video around our central office or distribution gear. This would not go over well with management. Out here in BC distribution is 14.4k volts phase to ground, 25 phase to phase.

[@qwertyui90qwertyui90]

an EE student here, that was great. Thank you.

[@sgoell75]

Thank you for the INFORMATION!

[@bigmikeh5827]

Thanks for sharing. I teach industrial maintenance and electricity and this helps slot with the big picture.

[@darkbyte2005]

that was absolutely brilliant explanation..

[@kellly2803]

Cool calm and collected, thanks my man

[@SamTheEnglishTeacher]

Shocking how simple some of these devices are. Gives a real surge of energy seeing it in operation. Hard to resist watching another video but ohhhhhm time for bed. Need to recharge my batteries if I want to reach my full capacity tomorrow. Electricity.

[@meganbanda3742]

I’m autistic and very open minded so I hyperfixate on things and this stuff is my hyperfixation at the moment

[@Bobsdecline]

One can never gain enough knowledge😉 good for you!

[@InsideOfMyOwnMind]

I have an innocent question for you. Have you found that the things autism brings with it get better with time as you learn more about how you are affected by it or is it just what it is? Best to you.

[@megadjc192]

@@InsideOfMyOwnMind Hi there. I am not the same autistic person as Megan but the answer to your question is that it depends greatly on the individual and just how high of function they maintain. I also used to obsess over power distribution systems, phone lines, etc. But I can say that for many of us higher functioning individuals it can in fact get better if we get the help we need and we grow up in an understanding environment. For example, I used to draw a lot. I have thousands of drawings of systems like power distribution and the other stuff that I have mentioned. I eventually was able to (with help) translate it into a passion where I work on electronics both vintage and new. This is an example of the potential people with autism have. It's just I still struggle with empathy not because I don't understand others' emotions but rather because often times the emotions I feel are rooted in very different sources. Hopefully this answers the question for at least a few people who don't have much experience or understanding with the autistic community and how we tend to function.

[@chriszag702]

you should study electricity, i not autistic but if im not learning i get bord easy. im a red seal tile installer. once i mastered that craft and have been doing it for 20 years i spent 8 months studying electricty went to school and took the first year exams. may never do my 4th year but it opend doors to give me something to continue learning about. i think ill do welding next (:

[@castlering]

I'm autistic. I've always been, since I was very little, fascinated by pylons, substations and the infrastructure and how it all works. These videos are a wonderful explanation. Thank you. The irony is that they also terrify me.....the buzzing freaks me out a tad......the clicking noise on the video, like a slow geiger counter. What is that?!

[@rjmackenzie]

Love this kinda vid. I'd love to see you do the same at a generating station like hydro or something.

[@movax20h]

I once visited (as a 10yo kid), a high voltage (7 400kV feeds, 13 200kV) substation close to major power plant (8 generators). It is a major station for the country and cross-border distribution network as well. It was (and still is) massive. It had huge control room (more like a building), a lot of monitoring, and permanent staff there 24/7. It was built in 1975, and modernized in late 90s to be highly computerized, and modernized again and extended in 2015-2020. It is 20ha (200,000m2), about 50 acres. It is huge, I couldn't enter the switch yard (nor the person that was accompanying me), and as kid I couldn't see a horizon, because of some many lines, equipment and buses. The control system was also pretty amazing. The nearby power plant tour I got in 1996, was also amazing. It was like a small town, and the generator hall was enormous. :) So yes, I would love to visit or see it again, now when I understand things a much better.

[@danielgeng2306]

Good stuff, got to work on two powerhouse jobs in my career, nice to hear some explanation of what’s actually going on ! Lol in my defense I had a lineman ask me how to wire a receptacle one time :)

[@matthewmiller6068]

Very cool - my old apartment was next to a substation and I often wondered what a lot of the various extra bits were and why they existed between the lines going in/out and the transformers. I'd love to hear more about the re-closer things why they are in which locations, and I understand there's also some kind of automatic voltage regulating devices in some places as well as capacitors tho no idea how they fit into the mix or what it would look like.

[@jovetj]

As distribution lines get further from the substation, the voltage drops. It drops both from the distance and the load put on the lines. A voltage regular is just a fancy big transformer that can change the ratio automatically to output a consistent voltage (e.g. 7200 volts or whatever) no matter the input voltage. Capacitor banks are designed to correct inductive reactance. Over long lines, the internal capacitance of the lines themselves begins to inhibit the free flow of electricity.

[@johnrieley1404]

Really informative with excellent detail and point-on videography.

[@sudarsangolari4630]

Nice work video

[@LinemanUniverse]

Congrats on a thousand plus subscribers bro!👍

[@Bobsdecline]

Thanks Jeremy! Hope all is well down your way .. we've got a little tropical en route to hit us in a couple days! It doesn't look too bad yet tho!

[@cinibar]

I get a charge out of learning this stuff! :)

[@g00glian0]

Learned a lot. Awesome video!

[@TupmaniaTurning]

What a great video! Learnt a lot from that - very interesting. Subscribed!

[@Bobsdecline]

Awesome! Thanks for taking the time to give some feedback! 👊👊

[@TupmaniaTurning]

Bobsdecline - Lineman Awesome! Years ago, I was lucky enough to be allowed to take pictures inside a converter station in Kent, England where 270kV DC comes in from France. The guys there said I could go anywhere I liked within the compound except up... wise words! That place crackled and hummed and I kept getting little zaps off the tripod I was using - there was so much energy in the air ⚡️😀

[@Lizlodude]

Neat, I knew lightning arresters were a thing but I didn't realize they shunt the voltage to ground rather than break the circuit, it makes sense.

[@victorpope3022]

Thanks for the video. I did not know CBs could be that small.

[@elvalvinoskyo3307]

Awesome video man always wondered how these work

[@justincantrell4980]

Excellent explanation! Thank you so much!

[@TheAustrianLineman]

Good video and a lot of information 👍🏻⚡️

[@ElectricTony85]

My full time job is working in substations and we’re pretty close to what you have for equipment. We use Grounding switches on line terminals but interesting to see you have them on the high side switches of a XFMR. We also have low Side breakers prior to the low side switch you show in this video prior going to all the Distribution feeders.

[@convinemukidanyi864]

Awesome explanation ❤

[@WarpFactor999]

The 345KV subs are even more fun, especially when they switch lines! I get a really big bang out of that! But, in answer to your title: "How does a substation work?" Pretty well actually! ;o)

[@AEPRacing]

More substation videos. I am a substation designer and love them.

[@ronaldmunoz2411]

First year apprentice as an inside wireman. But I love high/medium voltage, it is so interesting to me.

[@FireandFrostHVAC]

"Pretty Simple Setup" Lmao... Great Video! Thank you.

[@wwrite]

Definitely one of your good ones, felt like I could understand everything you were trying to show 👍🏼

[@terrysmith7076]

Pretty cool thank You for sharing it was very interesting. Be safe!

[@jamesknkrumah6962]

Very helpful and educative.

[@MichaelFenley]

Ty very handy very unique video and very informative.

[@johnkulpowich5260]

Like your videos. Keep them coming

[@JacobPaul123]

Watched this today in lineman class

[@Reza20003]

Excellent video. How is this transformer protected? Do we still use fuse protection for these transformer anywhere?

[@rrssmooth6643]

That was good , helps a little, but a white stick pointing on camera to which part you were talking about would have been excellent. lovee the way you know what you are looking at. Thanks for video. I could not figure out about the switch in the beginning then I watched video again, can only open with no load, now that made sense. The more I watch the more it makes sense, awesome. That was cool now I can look and figure what is happening.

[@jovetj]

If you have any specific questions, ask. The only part I thought could be ambiguous is the primary side of the transformer. 4:03. The tall, bumpy-looking items held out far away from the transformer are the lightning arresters. The ones right over the big transformer are the input bushings for the transformer. The tall bushings provide for lots of surface area separation of the high voltage electricity from the grounded metal case of the transformer.

[@m.gerhardus5432]

thank you so much for explaining 👍😊

[@billrau1375]

Very interesting. Thanks!

[@yunghollywood29]

I used to be obsessed with these when i was like 6.

[@davidraezer5937]

You mentioned you must shed the load before opening a switch. When I see videos of arc drawing during a switch opening or closing is that just a low current inductive load causing the arc?

[@GiacomoMaglio]

Probably he said something incorrect: as far as I know switches can be open under the nominal conditions of load of the line; so that's why in a lot of video you see the arc forming. Switches cannot be open when there are failures like short circuit currents (could be physically impossible in those circumstances to open a switch); and that's why we have circuit breakers, devices with loaded springs inside that could provide enough energy to open a line even under exceptional load condition.

[@mikacademy247]

@@GiacomoMaglio He was correct when he said you can't open those switches under load. If you look at the switch, it has only air insulation. No vacuum, no oil, no heavy gas. At those switch voltages, if you open that switch without removing the load, the switch will draw an arc and likely continue after the switch is completely open. Not only is this dangerous but it will damage the switch and possibly the connected equipment. Now there are MV and HV switches that you can open and close under load, but those are specifically called "interrupter duty" switches for that very reason. Last summer one of our main yard air switches was accidentally opened under load, it drew an arc and scared the life out of the guys right below in the yard. The arc was interrupted by the circuit breaker opening the circuit.

[@mikacademy247]

@David Raezer If it's just a quick and low intensity arc, it could just be from the connection/disconnection of the unloaded transformer. The windings are also a load, albeit a small one. If you're seeing a sustained arc, the switch probably was opened while still under an operational load. I'll put it this way: When checking that each A phase, B phase, and C phase are actually A, B, and C, we use a test tool called a phasing stick. It's an insulated fiberglass pole with a HV or MV meter on the end. It communicates wirelessly to another phasing stick, and we touch both probes to different circuits and phases to see if there is proper voltage difference between them. Long story short, when touching or removing a phasing probe, there is a VERY small leakage current going from the energized circuit, across the phasing stick, across my rubber gloves, and down my body to ground. As you touch or lift off the circuit, you can hear the buzz of an arc being drawn. Now consider that there's exponentially more current when connecting or disconnecting a large substation transformer.

[@Roshan_Bhat]

Nicely Explained.

[@SFoley990]

Good job, couldn't have explained better myself.

[@Bobsdecline]

Thanks!

[@jackmoyer9664]

Thanks, very interesting

[@reusefull]

So if there is a switch on the low side of the transformer and no breaker, does that mean you have to clear the entire low side bus if there is fault or problem with the transformer? Then send someone out to open the switch before feeding the low side bus from the other transformer in order to repair/inspect the faulted one? Most of our set ups (northern new england) use a low side breaker between the transformer and the bus.

[@mikemorton6408]

Always great information, BD

[@screamingcatchannel9624]

Awesome video I have been waiting for this!

[@peters6850]

Me too! thanks bobs decline

[@sodiumvapor13]

Great vid with some great info. I'd be curious to see the nameplates of those massive transformers. Does your utility use a delta or a wye primary for these distribution transformer?

[@jovetj]

You can tell by the number of bushings.

[@HichamChahboun-yj8bt]

You have beast job

[@jackpestaner1716]

Thanks so much, really helpful. What goes on inside the building?

[@jovetj]

What building?

[@jackpestaner6925]

@@jovetj at 00:31 there is a metal building, assume this houses control and moinitoring systems? Thanks....

[@Bobsdecline]

Yes exactly. DC battery back up, relays, reclosers controls etc

[@jovetj]

Sorry my humor was a bit subtle the other day. 😀

[@caritobellanenuca]

Congratulation since Veracruz - MÉXICO -

[@rockyhighwayroad7365]

My power turns off like once a week and it requires a line men to come over and flip a switch. This has been going on for many years, any idea what could be causing the problem? Could their equipment need some sort of adjustment to stop the power from tripping off all the time?

[@ShaunPuzon]

Happens in my neighborhood at least once every 6 months or so. Ours is caused by trees growing too close to the lines that run through our backyards. A branch comes in contact with the lines during a storm and BAM, the fuse in the cutout switch blows. I suspect your situation may be similar.

[@Bonemeal2]

I live about half a block from a substation, and I can hear the humming from my back yard. That, and common metallic clunks. In 2015, power went out in my neighborhood - and nowhere else. Power company said a circuit loop recloser was stuck open.

[@natepeterson34]

Great video! Thanks!!

[@allezvenga7617]

Thanks for your sharing 👍

[@alex_byrnes]

Awesome video very informative!

[@maximumnoise78]

Awesome video, thanks man!

[@ocsrc]

When I was back in middle school our shop teacher used to take 4 ft florescent bulb and on hot humid nights, the lines on these huge towers would crackle really loud, and he would hold the bulb up, and the bulb would flicker I think the lines carried 1 million volts At least 500,000 volts We went into the substation that was to the biggest I have ever seen. the substation had several cooling ponds where the water was drawn out and put through radiators that had fans and then return to the pond to keep the transformers cool Inside the substation on the ground there were white lines, about 3ft tin from the white lines wear yellow lines and 3 ft from those were red Vines and what we were told I don't know if it's true but what we were told was if you were to cross the red line the voltage would jump from the line overhead to you connecting to the ground with a huge lightning strike incinerating you instantly There must be a reason why those lines were there and although that may not be true it scared the hell out of me

[@KyleJ61782]

ocsrc You can actually kind of tell how much voltage is usually on one of the big lines by looking at insulator length and the number of conductors per phase. In North America, the highest AC voltage you'll see is 765,000 volts. That's carried on huge towers, with massive insulators and 4 conductors per phase. The other common voltages you'll see are 500,000 V (3 conductors), 345,000 V (2 conductors), 230,000 V (2 conductors) and 138,000 V (1 conductor). Now those are typical numbers of conductors, so of course there may be variation, but usually those are what you'll see. This is because as voltage goes higher, yes you can transmit more power, but due to the way the electrons move in the wire, most of the current actually flows near the surface of the cable. This so-called "skin effect" gets stronger with larger voltages, so they combat this by adding more surface area in the form of more conductors. Also, that crackling is known as "corona discharge". In the dark, you may actually see a little blue glow near sharp edges that are energized. Although, to be honest, power companies typically have metal rings in such spots because they help to minimize the effect as such sharp points can actually cause a fair amount of power loss.

[@Blackwolfster]

@@KyleJ61782 Skin effect only happens at higher frequencies and at 50Hz or 60Hz would be negligible. They use more conductors for current carrying capacity.

[@Computist40]

Nice video on how that works I've always wondered, we have a massive sub station in my area. I can show you a Google Map of the area, but it's up to you.

[@Frederik19951995]

Very nice video. Just one question. Is the power transformer Delta/star connected? I think i see 4 legs at the secondary windings.

[@Bobsdecline]

Yes it is. On the secondary side our Neutral (the X0) is connected to our main feeder. Once on the distribution side our entire system is a multi grounded Star.