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In this talk Dr Volk used several basic principles of systems that he developed to look at essential structures and processes of Gaia. The basic principles come from his book Metapatterns, which he briefly reviewed at the start. Specifically, he asked the following questions about Gaia as a coherent system: What are its borders and the nature of the fluxes across those borders? What are its major internal parts or organs? What is the relationship between the evolution of living species inside Gaia and the whole system of Gaia? To hint at one answer, these questions will lead us to a concept of what he has termed biochemical guilds.
Moving to metapatterns of time, he opened up his talk to some larger questions: What is the connection between the cycles of materials within Gaia and long-term trends (the metapattern of arrows) of Gaia itself? Do these trends show major breaks or times of transition?
A lively discussion followed. His goal in the formal talk was to set forth some nuts and bolts, or better, the physiology of the biosphere, which can serve as a basis for our subsequent conversation on the meaning of Gaia for us as individuals and for current global challenges.