How I Structure New Projects In Golang

[@anthonygg_]

► Join my Discord community for free education 👉 discord.com/invite/Ac7CWREe58 ► Exclusive Lessons, Mentorship, And Videos 👉 www.patreon.com/anthonygg_ ► 50% OFF on my Golang course 👉 fulltimegodev.com Thanks for watching

[@apoorvgupta9680]

what is @ 7:44 ? in make file

[@omgItsGreg]

God I wish I had your mindset... you just stick to whatever works best for you.. I always look around and doubt my choices, thinking there is a better way of doing it, and then getting stuck on simple things.

[@anthonygg_]

I always keep things simple, but, always eager to steal other patterns and utilize them when they make sense.

[@jhjacobs81]

You’re not alone :( and always there’s the next best framework to try, exhausting 😂

[@quandaledingle9127]

Your biggest critic is going to be yourself

Please, record a video about unit tests in golang, the best practices, how to mock things, how to achieve 100% coverage when we have things like database or external calls. Which kind of tests (unit, integration, e2e, etc.) real projects used to write in golang's universe? It's a content that is hard to find in a unique video. Thanks for your great job.

[@manfrombritain6816]

this is the real shit. people focusing on coding tutorials... coding is the simple part. proper structure, testing, integration, devops... this is harder to learn imo. especially before doing it on the job

[@RogueAfterlife]

Consider the case of testing log writes to standard output vs writes to a file. Unit testing ensures the output from the logger is what I expect whereas integration tests ensure the log line was written. These illustrate fundamentally different testing scenarios. I don't think mocks are useful in unit testing. Tests written in Go are for Go code. Although it might be tempting to use Go's testing framework for integration tests; writing tests concerning external systems is non-trivial because, the scope of the test expands combinatorially to what ever the dependency outputs. If I'm writing tests for my SQL schema, for example, I would write a separate program to test just that and maybe that program would be written in Go!

[@vickylance]

@@manfrombritain6816 We use pact testing along with unit testing which is way much better than writing integration tests

[@themaridv2000]

Yeees, please!

[@Steliosgiannatos]

Very refreshing to see an actual working project how it works on a structure level. I also like your approach, there is no perfect solution just compromises on different things!

[@vcothur7]

I have been searching for a good structure for my go backend that I have for my website, and you decided to post this. Thank you!

[@francesctravesa]

So all the types are public? not a little bit of encapsulation with some information hiding? like smart creators to make sure the structs are always in a valid state? Some rich domain then at least? and when you want use some inverse dependency injection and clean architecture? I think there must be a smart way to implement all of these best practices with go?

[@anthonygg_]

Stop thinking. Start pressing buttons. You are behind.

[@Jackbeti]

Hey Anthony. Why do you think most organizational projects prefer clean architecture over hexagonal architecture? If possible, could you provide an example project implementing hexagonal architecture?

[@viveksingh9223]

Can you tell me what theme you are using?

[@anthonygg_]

Gruvbox

[@Insomn3s]

Your videos are priceless as an example of "practical developer approach"

[@ta5alof297]

You don't need a separate schema between migration and SQLC. I'm using goose for migrations and SQLC supports it out of the box.. 1 directory for migrations which contains the schema changes.

[@shravan2891]

why didn't you use this structure in you fulltimegodev course

[@anthonygg_]

Because we are free.

[@iliassglitch]

Thank you so much for these videos Anthony.

[@rezaklink401]

Your channel is amazing, the people who get to work with you are seriously lucky my brother 💪

[@anthonygg_]

Thank you

[@garbagechannel6514]

I noticed everything is very flat. Im used to having subfolders in my project coming from C#. It's a bit harder to do in Go because namespaces are not a thing. So should it be flat and end up with a ton of files in a module, as well as many modules or would you say its ok to have nested folders?

[@anthonygg_]

The problem in Go with a lot of nested folders is circular dependencies.

[@garbagechannel6514]

@@anthonygg_ yes, i already ran into that :P i suppose i just have to get used to a flatter structure with Go

[@anthonygg_]

@@garbagechannel6514I also learned that the hard way 😂😢

[@Programming-lr1nb]

"Is it a way to go? Pfft. I have no fucking clue" is my new life credo

[@charlesbcraig]

AGG: if you have a performance issue, congratulations you’ve made it Me: 😁 AGG: But most of you won’t Me: 😭

[@Simple_OG]

Anthonyy what theme are you using it lokks so cool

[@anthonygg_]

Gruvbox

Thank you for great video. I really like your approach with simplicity. I'm just learning Go for my hobby projects. And you are helping me so much. (Btw at work we are using C#)

[@tirumalraot]

4:36 "Which in your case, in most of the cases it never be!" That actually hurts

[@JohnSchuhr]

Yeah, I felt it too - 😂

[@kazimir9576]

yeah in 04:00 u are right, ppl very often tend to overcode, over complicate everything just because they think its how it must be done, "book way". and spend 1 week on doing smth that for business does not matter. They need to understand its a business, and if you spend a lot of time just because you want smth make 5ms faster, try to tell the business how much money it cost for them to gain 5ms faster api call for some profile update etc. ;)

[@ekallivrousis]

Hey Anthony, thank you for this video, the way you describe things is just so real if that makes sense. Im new to the Go world and project structure is always a huge mind blocker for me. Do you happen to have a public repo of the above structure? I wanted to go through it more, i really like how clean it is the only thing i dont think i follow is the global db instance. Now i know you said this in video and its just all in how it works for you and your team. I personally only use go for personal projects and i rely on the test files to make sure i dont break as much as i can. That includes the database. I setup tests to confirm that basically im getting data back from the database. Is this still possible with a global database?

[@anthonygg_]

Better not to is a better practice

[@Ярослав-о5б6т]

Great video! Antony tell me the name of the vscode theme please

[@ibraim3197]

You are wrong about performance. It doesn't always come with a large user base, it's also can be a consequence of inefficient DB-layer (N+1 query etc) or algorithms

[@joef7884]

You're right, but in the specific context of "which framework should I use" which is what he was talking about, generally each framework isn't going to make one of those mistakes; it will still be up to you the developer to use them wisely with good algorithms and queries.

[@fernandoacorreia]

He was talking about the relative performance of different web frameworks. He is correct.

[@lancemarchetti8673]

I have an idea for a new method of digital Steganography whereby a lager image can be hidden in a smaller one without changing the filesize or quality of the host image. Will Golang work better to build this app in Windows, or should I battle it out with JS and html? . I'm totally new to programming so it feels like I've just thrown myself into the deep end.... lol

[@ZenonCreations]

dont you use DTOs in go lang backend development?

[@virility]

hey anthony, what laptop do you use?

[@anthonygg_]

I use a desktop. Custom build

[@virility]

@@anthonygg_ what about when you r traveling? Do u carry ur desktop around you when you travel?

[@anthonygg_]

I have a macbook (old one)

[@eyob7232]

I highly disagree with global variables, I believe creating a singleton and passing it as a parameter is a better choice. I agree with you having a dedicated folder for queries, and data related stuff, but I would call that folder repository or sth like that, data is a bit too general, just my 2 cents.

[@anthonygg_]

Data is indeed general. But repository sounds so cringe. The global db, yeah, sometimes we need to close our eyes.

[@ekeminios]

Thanks for sharing Anthony! Well explained and detailed.

[@comedyclub333]

Also, on the performance argument: As you said, performance doesn't matter (most of the time). If performance is your bottleneck (as in really being an issue) you probably did something horribly wrong when deploying your app. No framework swap is going to change that. I mean, many people (and also big companies) use python, one of the slowest languages known. Because you save a lot of money when developing the app and if performance is an issue you just throw the money you saved onto your deployment infrastructure to make it work.

[@caiomartins8255]

Excellent video, thanks. Btw What is his vs code theme ?

[@d_andreev]

Nice initial project structure! Btw, how are you testing business logic inside the pkg folder? Are you using some kind of dependency injection?

[@varyous_ch]

Could you show an example of a microservices structure with Docker/k8s? Just curios how would you do it :)

[@frankfix247]

Drop the plenum naming in packages and the infamous util package. This is according to the Golang docs.

[@anthonygg_]

Ok franky

[@frankfix247]

@@anthonygg_ It wasn't meant to be sarcastic. Keep up the good work!

[@dejanduh2645]

Is there a link to this project or this project structure? Looks very clean

[@mrlectus]

My OCD says I need everything to be organized and properly structured

[@ralphlorenzo9473]

What do you think of the new routing as of version 1.22?

[@karolkotula9279]

Hi Anthony. Really great stuff here! It's of excellent quality. Can you please start swearing in your native language? :D I guess it would be even more fun to watch your vids :) THANK YOU !!!

[@anthonygg_]

Ok I will try that

[@TrzyTukany]

Only using your native, you can be truly "authentic" :) Like delicate seasoning in your food (for thought) :D

[@zzej]

wait.... how can golang render svelte? that would be awesome. or is it svelte as an SPA?

[@nivethan_me]

front-end with Svelte and backend with Golang i guess.

[@sheraztariq8973]

use ent for database and kudos for good explanation, i was having hard time for structuring my project

[@jalbers3150]

Would love to see how/where you deploy all this. Do you do managed db’s and stuff like that for production?

[@rw_panic0_0]

what means "handlers" if your program works with not only http, but with websockets and kafka? Are these kafka handlers, http or websocket handlers? What if your types are not just structs but full domain models with methods interfaces etc? What if I have a lot of types, finding a type will become a problem. For a man who just got into the codebase there are no clear difference between "data" and "types". Util folder have to probably be split up into encryptuitl etc. I don't think this is a scalable project structure. However I agree that going with DDD or hex arch is a bad idea, your structure works PERFECTLY good for small projects. But I personally find splitting program into packages (multiple "feature-sliced" packages which have their own types, data, and util) and being explicit about your naming (types, util, handlers are pretty vague) is most important thing, because being vague and putting similar functionality in different places is the thing that makes project structure unscalable.

[@anthonygg_]

Like I mentioned in the video, this is how it is right now, but probably subject to change in the future. Happy to share that later

[@Dsouza10082]

Amazing as always.

[@collapser_team]

Can you share this project, please?

[@anthonygg_]

I cant or I go to jail

[@collapser_team]

just a template without NDA stuff (and you have already showed the content oops)@@anthonygg_

[@dejanduh2645]

Is there a link to the source code?

[@Benony91]

17:46 `AumMax50Million = “10-15mil”` is this a bug?

[@WaldirBorbaJunior]

Wow... blazing amaze, could you please share your start project ?

[@AbdulRehman-pb5od]

I use fiber only bcz they have best documentation I have ever came through.

[@manpt123]

I still often ask myself if I am writing golang in standard way😂 thank you for the video 🎉

[@kurtlee138]

didnt know the rock makes programming videos

[@anthonygg_]

Years of wrestling and testosteron abuse made me look for something more subtle.

[@salihbozkaya9357]

Dad, where did you been all those times.missed you

[@D3FKONMusik123]

Hey Anthony. Your videos have a lot of value, but they are usually structured so poorly and runs for so long that it's hard to follow for more than a couple of mins. But really appreciate all the value

[@anthonygg_]

Correct this channel is not for the weak. Sorry my man.

[@D3FKONMusik123]

@@anthonygg_ That makes a lot of sense. Congrats!

[@ScienceForToday-lm7nb]

Thank you for this video.

[@woodmanmade]

"Models belong on the catwalk" 🤣

[@sjzz]

I just follow my JS folder pattern controllers, service, routes, middleware etc

[@Mari_Selalu_Berbuat_Kebaikan]

Let's always do alot of good ❤️

[@bandr-dev]

"a drop pkg in cmd that drops all the tables with a sql command" HUHHHHHH???? How is any of those folders in the cmd folder good organization

[@深夜酒吧]

leave a mark here, so remind me watch it later on

[@anthonygg_]

Reminding you to watch

[@iamsupriyo]

Bro came back

[@pattyspanker8955]

Remind me to remind user he has a reminder to watch this video

[@dencasio6141]

util?

[@fluctura]

Data is where your data belongs to. For example seed data. Model is where you save what model/shape your data has. So yeah.. that I think was the original idea behing that common sense project layout Nowadays your data is stored on S3 or whatever.. but if we are splitting hairs, why not putting your db and migrations into data folder as well? 😅 its data too 😮😂

[@XxMissingDataxX]

Very nice

[@yarbersheer8559]

Man, just use goose for migrations)

[@anthonygg_]

Facts

[@MrMu2sS]

French devs will cry in ddd

[@krq999]

Can you post something related to sql databases? Generators, creating records, relations etc

[@ibrahimkoz1983]

This structuring is away from the best practices and the philosophy of packages. You should not organize your based on technical details. Packages should be organised based on layers, not for grouping.

[@anthonygg_]

True. But how many revenue does your company make?

[@ibrahimkoz1983]

@@anthonygg_ disappointed. I was following you for a long time, learnt a lot from you. You replied with a fallacy :/

[@anthonygg_]

I just said you are right.

[@arielsashcov99]

Exactly what I was searching for

[@Buiscit1738]

dopamine!

[@luciancristianpop2735]

In the first minute you're asking for the thumbs up and subscription, no matter the content, this is rude.

[@anthonygg_]

But was it worth it?

[@whtkeys8190]

Really bad bro

[@DoktorKumpel]

I thought with go build you have to specify each package. how come you only specify cmd/api/main.go?

[@RubberGopher]

My comment makes the assumption that module mode is enabled. So "go run" will look for "go.mod" in the current directory or any parent directory and uses that to discover the module and its name. It can then discover the location of all the imports for the module with the help of the module information. As you import a module and/or any of the module's packages, it will discover all the files in those packages and you can simply import and use whatever is exported in the package. In this case, where he just points to ./cmd/api/main.go, will cause it to not find other files in ./cmd/api so adding additional files that main.go relies on will cause an error. The better approach is to just point to the main package and not the file, i.e "go run ./cmd/api" and it will discover all the files in it and it will build regardless whether there is only one or many files, as long as it's able to find "main.main()". The filename "main.go" has no meaning other than being helpful to humans for get a hint of what it contains. Having a main.go in other packages (not main) is not helpful unless there is something called main in there too. Giving your files good names is as important to you as naming variables and packages. If you don't know what to name a file, just seek inspiration from the name of the package or the name of whatever type or function you have in the file. If you have main.go in the root of your module, you can just do "go run ." and it will be happy.

[@MCDyma]

And again you are in GoWeekly #​480 - OCTOBER 17, 2023 Congratulations

[@anthonygg_]

Ha thanks 🙏