How Roundup Kills Weeds (And How Weeds are Fighting Back)

[@ACSReactions]

Just how resistant is Agrobacterium strain CP4 to glyphosate? Well here are the glyphosate concentrations (µM) needed for effective EPSP synthase binding in a few different species: Petunia wild type: 0.4 Maize wild type: 0.5 Agrobacterium spp. CP4: 5100 From: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ps.3743

[@DrKevinFolta]

The other consideration is that it does not get into bacteria very easy. It takes higher concentrations to get a little bit inside, at least in culture. We played with that while reengineering the enzyme.

[@Dovorans]

So wait, they used a resistance gene found in an environmental Agrobacterium strain, the bacteria so known for its ability to perform horizontal gene transfer on plants that it's one of the major methods of genetically engineering plants? Geeze I wonder how on earth these weeds could have gained round up resistance. 🤔

[@ktmorange02]

By far the best explanation of how roundup works, Roundup ready crops, and herbicide resistance I could find on the internet!!! Very good job!!!

[@ACSReactions]

Wow, thanks! Appreciate you watching and your comments

[@joelschmierer3544]

im not spraying roundup because i use all my so-called "weeds" to make compost or i eat them, as many should be healthier than store-bought vegetables, or i use them as ground cover (mulch) and to crowd out the less useful weeds that I cannot eat, and the animals and bees and non-pest insects enjoy them, and i enjoy their ornamental year-round greenness and zero-maintenance

[@alabamagirl2725]

Best thing to do is grow your own food all the way down to what you feed your animals. I do it every year and barely ever go to the store.

[@Themidnightegardener]

works great on Livers too- Mexico is banning it this year. 25 members of the European Union have eaither banned it, or regulate it's use.

[@dennisboyd1712]

Sad that so many peoples health has been damaged by eating Glyphosate in most ALL our Food&Drink, & that includes Beer, Wine, Coffee & Fruit juices.

[@kyokoyumi]

Shikimate comes from the japanese word シキミ (shikimi) which is the japanese star anise so considering how the language works, your pronounciation would probably be more accurate. I'm not sure of the -ate suffix but otherwise, yeah I'd go with shee-kee-mah-teh. Sounds better anyway.

[@ianwilsongardendesign2236]

Great explanation of how Glyphosate binds to compounds to inhibit essential aromatic amino acids. There are basically four modes that Glyphosate works on to kill a plant. 1. Chelation of essential minerals: Glyphosate can chelate or bind to certain essential minerals like manganese, magnesium, calcium, and iron, making them unavailable for uptake by plants. These micronutrients are crucial for various plant metabolic processes, including photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and structural integrity. 2. Inhibition of the shikimate pathway: Glyphosate inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimate pathway, disrupting the synthesis of aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. This inhibition leads to a shortage of these amino acids, affecting protein synthesis and the production of essential molecules such as auxin, which regulates plant growth and development. 3. Antibiotic action: Glyphosate has been shown to exhibit antibiotic properties, which can negatively impact beneficial soil bacteria and organisms like earthworms. These bacteria play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and soil health, including the breakdown of organic matter into nutrients that plants can absorb. and also affect soil drainage 4. Glyphosate-resistant pathogens: These glyphosate-resistant pathogens can thrive in glyphosate-treated environments, potentially outcompeting beneficial microorganisms and causing plant diseases that are unaffected by glyphosate and go on to infect the plant Lecture Professor Don Huber Soil Science worth watching

[@chaco973]

Thanks for the explanation

[@ianwilsongardendesign2236]

@@chaco973 You're welcome

[@DukeGMOLOL]

Huber is a blubbering quack. Roundup is safe.

[@justin_time]

Robots trained using machine learning are quickly becoming quite effective at weeding without the need for any herbicide. It might be the better way forward.

[@DukeGMOLOL]

The machines are not ready for prime time yet and are expensive.

[@EminencePhront]

It's a lot better than creating frankenplants and dousing them in poison. Bon appetit!

[@DukeGMOLOL]

@@EminencePhront No, they are not better yet. One day they will be.

[@ucanliv4ever]

Thomas Dykstra advancing eco ag

[@spoonikle]

Weeding Roomba, now thats a weed killer I can get behind.

[@hotportugal2786]

One of the most interesting and informative videos I’ve seen in a long time. Great production too. Many thanks for the upload.

[@dwaynezilla]

Expert researcher is out standing in her field

[@dennisboyd1712]

your video said Glyphosate does not affect humans or livestock, I found that the Bacteria in our Gut do have the same shikimate pathway damaging or killing our microbiome. Will you speak to the effect on the Gut Bacteria?

[@jabrownie22]

Saying the enzyme pathway doesn't affect humans or animals is short sided

[@dennisboyd1712]

Our gut bacteria has the same pathway: The Shikimate Pathway is found in all of the three biological domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria include Enterococcus, Firmicutes, Bifidobacteria and others found in the human gut.

[@dennisboyd1712]

The Shikimate Pathway is found in all of the three biological domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria include Enterococcus, Firmicutes, Bifidobacteria and others found in the human gut.

[@DukeGMOLOL]

Try to sound smart, but we know you're a blubbering, anti-science loon.

[@johncgibson4720]

Interesting. I took a crop biology professor's class last week, and here is a nice review of agrobacteria producing alternative EPSP synthase. The plant version and the bacteria version of EPSP synthase are 40% similar, homologous, meaning it evolved before plants and bacteria split billion years ago. And now more and more weeds are merging back into their ancestral way of EPSP synthase. We reversed billion years of evolution in 50 years.

[@rob_i208]

Anecdotally Round-Up never worked for me. Even back in the 90s. I doubt glyphosate resistance is anything new evolutionary speaking. However I would assume this resistance was regionally specific 30 years ago. Now, due to Round-Up, it's quickly spread world wide.

[@aredditor4272]

If it didn't work for you, you were using it wrong.

[@mathewritchie]

What monsanto did was to selectively breed weeds for roundup resitants.

[@charlesmrader]

This was a really great video. I have only one slightly negative comment, and I could be wrong so I offer it as just a suggestion. No weed has developed a resistance to glyphosate by copying the "blocking the shikamate pathway enzyme" . The weeds that are glyphosate resistant have evolved that resistance by segregating the glyphosate into a few separate parts of the plant. In other words, the recognize the glyphosate and separate it from the parts of the weed where the shikamate pathway is operating. So, if we develop a new herbicide, call it glyphosate', that looks enough like glyphosate to block the EPSP synthase but looks different enough from glyphosate to evade the weed's recognition, the the glyphosate resistant plants should still work - resisting glyphosate' - and the resistant weeds would go back to vulnerability until they evolve again. Of course this hypothetical new glyphosate' would have to be tested for other characteristics like low toxicity to benign targets (like animals and humans).

[@irenegrijalvotarres]

Rachel Carson is turning in her grave. Instead of coming up with new ways to kill plants, maybe we should go back to permaculture agricultural methods and stop thinking of plants growing next to the crops that were planted as weeds, and think of them as part of the ecosystem. Many of the weeds people are always trying to get rid of are edible. Monocultures and lack of plant diversity is what got us in this mess to start with, let's not make it worse.

[@isaacm1929]

Finally someone said what I was thinking! Also, not only Permaculture! The Agro-Forest is another great way to think about this!

[@lukekambic3536]

Most weeds are not edible and many are toxic. Genotoxic defensive compounds like pyrrolizidine alkaloids are produced by many common weeds and even the "edible" ones should be consumed in moderation. In most climates weeds will simply swallow crops if they aren't controlled, reducing crop harvests to nothing.

[@irenegrijalvotarres]

@@lukekambic3536 That’s why I said “many” and not “most”. I don’t know why you’re acting like the only safe edible plants are cultivated, and eating corn and soy in the amounts that we are in the Western world is a better diet than eating foraged plants. Crops will be reduced to nothing if we continue using herbicides the way we are, so figuring out a different way to do that seems like a good idea.

[@DukeGMOLOL]

@@irenegrijalvotarres "many" weeds? Good luck on determining exactly which weeds can be allowed to grow alongside the crop.

[@DukeGMOLOL]

@@irenegrijalvotarres You mentioned permaculture. Here is what Kambic said about that above: "Luke Kambic Weeds tend to have a competitive edge since they don't need to devote much energy to fruit or large seeds. Permaculture sounds good but most of the attempts I've witnessed require heavy maintenance and produce modest yields. Balance has to be maintained between different component species, invasive weeds have to be controlled, harvests are sporadic, and everything has to be done manually since the complex and changing 3d geometry of the system isn't conducive to mechanization with current tech. Probably made more sense in times when arable land area was effectively limitless, labor was cheap and aggressive weed species weren't globally distributed." Reply

[@thecelticforge]

Brilliant! I love stuff like this that I know my students will like.

[@theoldar]

Your pronunciation sounds like an anime character! Shikamate, look out! It's Garou!

[@kneau]

Having adult-onset type III sensitivity to soy, I wonder if ready crops were a contributing factor... 🤔

[@DukeGMOLOL]

No.

[@dennisboyd1712]

DukeGMOLOL is a troll working for Mr. Glyphosate, he's a Round-up lover

[@nuketheswamp7774]

Plants don't want you to eat them already.

[@broenoch1086]

@@DukeGMOLOL dukeshillington the bayer butt boi.

[@jabrownie22]

The bacteria and microbes are affected by the herbicide glyphosphate..and so is our gut biome

[@dennisboyd1712]

Exactly, so our health suffers

[@DukeGMOLOL]

@@dennisboyd1712 Exactly wrong.

[@broenoch1086]

@@dennisboyd1712 Exactly right.

[@tnb178]

-ate in shikimate is the same ending as carbonate, nitrate. It is a chemical nomenclature.

[@BoxOfCurryos]

I’ve been using herbicide with a mixture of floor cleaner on my weeds. It makes the weeds curl up into weird shapes but the grass stays the same

[@kundrew1990]

This product used to be effective. But now they water down so much its pretty useless unless you use so much...Its too bad but dont waste your money...

[@ErikratKhandnalie]

I think that this really just shows the flaws underlying our whole approach to agriculture in the first place. Frankly, the typical monoculture style of crop raising may prove to be ultimately unsustainable. Instead of trying to control every aspect of an open field in an attempt to limit the plant growth in that field to a single organism, we should be trying to create miniature self-balancing productive ecosystems. Weeds occur, because ultimately a field of crops is just one giant unexploited ecological niche. If we fill the niches, possibly even with other species that yield crops, then we can create permaculture systems that require minimal maintenance to produce crops.

[@lukekambic3536]

Weeds tend to have a competitive edge since they don't need to devote much energy to fruit or large seeds. Permaculture sounds good but most of the attempts I've witnessed require heavy maintenance and produce modest yields. Balance has to be maintained between different component species, invasive weeds have to be controlled, harvests are sporadic, and everything has to be done manually since the complex and changing 3d geometry of the system isn't conducive to mechanization with current tech. Probably made more sense in times when arable land area was effectively limitless, labor was cheap and aggressive weed species weren't globally distributed.

[@dennisboyd1712]

Better for our Health & our animals

[@UpstateAlgaeLaboratory]

We need a imagine recognition weed pulling robot

[@ACSReactions]

No idea if this thing is actually effective or practical, but some folks are working on it kzbin.info/www/bejne/d4GTqpyFfp2El9U

[@eaterdrinker000]

@@ACSReactions : Friggin' sweet. I wanna be a robotic laser weeder when I grow up.

[@rob6850]

I thought the same thing after watching this

[@Udinanon]

Couldn0t we find a different tactic altogether? Instead of focusing on high intensity industrial farming that wants square kilometers of land without weeds, finding ways to integrate those inside the agricultural system? If I'm not mistaken, weeds often have relevant ecological and agricultural impact, such as soil health, soil bacteria, fixing nitrogen, controlling erosion and more. Looking for the next RoundUp seems like just repeating the same mistake again, while not focusing onto the other negative effects of mass herbicide usage, which has immense impacts on things like natural plants and ecosystems, algae and rivers and other environments. It would probably give us a bridge to avoid low yields, but as these weeds have shown this window is short and temporary, and we need to find a more long term solution

[@DukeGMOLOL]

Intergrate weeds? No, unless you have a way to keep weeds from taking nutrients, water, and sun away from the crop.

[@HogwartsBasement]

What’s an erbaside?

[@johncgibson4720]

Like your wording "fighting" for plants. They don't run or bite to fend off the invaders, but they do grab and smash atoms to create molecular fences and immunities.

[@Petch85]

Well vertical farming should not have this problem, so at least we have a solution for tomatoes.

[@carlstanland5333]

Shikimate mushrooms are good.

[@eaterdrinker000]

Shit-ake

[@otienocokinyo]

i love your presentation and love you too. owesome. you are the best.

[@Dovorans]

Use environmental Agrobacterium strain as source of herbicide resistance gene. The gene found in bacteria known to exibit horizontal gene transfer with plants begins to show up in weeds. Shocked Pikachu face.

[@multilingualmob5531]

Seen on a landscapers vehicle many years ago: A weed is a plant whose virtue we have not found yet ;-)

[@dwaynezilla]

I wonder what effects the bacterial EPSP synthase has in the soybeans. I mean does it end up producing more or less of those amino acids, or maybe it doesn't change much. Not that I'm saying it's poison or something, just a really interesting case to see how it affects metabolic pathways!

[@Neoprototype]

It makes the frogs gayer.

[@DukeGMOLOL]

@@Neoprototype Nope, it made Hayes dumber.

[@bubbafug00gle51]

OK, so from 2:35 to 2:50 I thought I was having a stroke. Words stopped making sense and I was hearing random letters. Thanks for the free roller coaster ride, Reactions.

[@ACSReactions]

EPSPS takes PEP + S3P → EPSP. ez bb, yw.

[@sielthesnail5628]

Why have a letter if you aren't going to pronounce it? I know there are other silent letters but those used to be pronounced.

[@DrKevinFolta]

There are other issues impeding development of new herbicides. Massive cost of R&D and massive-er cost of deregulation. Plus, essentially non-toxic-to-non-targets herbicides like glyphosate are being vilified by the activist, social and traditional media, bolstering science-free nuisance lawsuits. Glyphosate has its issues with environmental impacts and resistance, no doubt. But when a safe chemistry becomes the basis of billion dollar lawsuits, why would you possibly want to invent the next safe chemistry?

[@DukeGMOLOL]

!!

[@xTheDeerLordx]

It is so refreshing to read an informed opinion regarding this

[@sethapex9670]

Glyphosate has been linked to cancers, just because we don't have the shikimate pathway, doesn't mean we are unaffected by it.

[@DukeGMOLOL]

Glyphosate does not cause cancer. Not a single agency or pesticide regulator in the world rates it a carcinogen or anything else at real world exposure levels.

[@aredditor4272]

No solid link proven. There's as much proof it causes leukemia as EMF from power lines causing it, which was also an attempted claim in lawsuits.

[@paulsmith9341]

If Shikimate is a Japanese word you are pronouncing it correctly

[@punkdigerati]

Shikimi is a Japanese word, the -ate suffix for a high oxidation state is not.

[@todortodorov940]

Thank you! Finally, somebody that understand the challenges. Of course, nature will evolve and become resistant to our herbicides, antibiotics etc. But giving up before we even started with the excuse "... will become resistant" is just throwing humanity back to the middle ages. We have accumulated knowledge and we are constantly developing new knowledge on how nature works. We are improving our tools and with modern communication and AI, our research is getting even more efficient that it was ever before. If humanity wants to survive, avoid famines and wars, and feed the 9 billion people on the planet, we need to have the upper hand. And in the case of weed, this means that constant research into herbicides is needed, so when things become resistent to the current herbicide, we have more cards in our hand that we can play, and we simple start utilizing the next herbicide in our portfolio. Research is what we need.

[@Flamadiddle2]

Interesting, but my question is how much is necessary to kill a plant? If I put a drop of glyphosate on the leaf of a weed, would it still kill it? or is there a minimum amount needed? What I'm really wondering is if I accidentally sprayed a small section of 20 foot tall emerald arborvitae, is it in danger?

[@DukeGMOLOL]

Do not spray herbicides on plants you want.

[@WackoMac]

It's also killing humans, I developed a sever allergic reaction to the stuff where my brain swells up.

[@DukeGMOLOL]

Liar.

[@broenoch1086]

@@DukeGMOLOL Still doing the devil's work I see.

[@DukeGMOLOL]

@@broenoch1086 You may call me Mr. Mythbuster.

[@myew]

And now it is literally impossible to avoid glyphosate pollution contamination because it is in all of the atmosphere, soil, and water... and while it /might/ not be toxic to our own cells individually, it completely wrecks our symbiotic relationship with our microbiome that does have the shikimate pathway, in turn causing us to suffer from a host of other chronic illness such as lack of neurotransmitters. It also triggers zonulin to be released into the gut, which causes the intestinal cell walls to unzip and allow food particles and refuse into the bloodstream, triggering autoimmunity... Ah yes, and don't forget bee colony collapse. Wonderful stuff, isn't it? :/

[@rob6850]

Amen. And let's not forget the countless litigations by Monsanto that gave them such monopolistic control over agriculture in the US.

[@lukekambic3536]

The concentrations of glyphosate we ingest from food and environmental sources are far too low to affect gut bacteria, which have little dependence on the shikimate pathway on account of the fact that they're swimming in the nutrient-rich medium of our intestinal byproducts. There's no evidence that realistic glyphosate exposure has any effect on the gut biome. Just don't drink it from the sprayer tank and you'll be fine.

[@myew]

@@lukekambic3536 Read some published research and studies.

[@Jay-ho9io]

@@myew name two.

[@DukeGMOLOL]

@@lukekambic3536 Right on!

[@BRUXXUS]

I love this channel. :D

[@solokalnesaltam3015]

Great Episode and Channel!

[@BlackWolf42-]

When weeds I find on my land are not dying from Roundup, I switch to 2-4D and problem solved. I'll just start with the 2-4D next year.

[@aredditor4272]

Most grasses are immune to 2,4-D, hence it's popularity in grass crops before the invention of glyphosate, and as an herbicide commonly found in lawn care products.

[@BlackWolf42-]

@@aredditor4272 It's weird that you should mention this today. I JUST sprayed 2,4-D on the broad-leaf weeds, whatever doesn't die I'll hit it again with the Glyphosate. Whatever STILL survives, I'll find something new; maybe a hoe.

[@aredditor4272]

@@BlackWolf42- Alot of people think glyphosate was the first herbicide one could spray a crop provided the crop had resistance bred into it, but there are several that crops naturally had resistance to, and a few crop products that had herbicide resistance conventionally bred into it. Theoretically, even glyphosate tolerance can be conventionally bred into a crop product. Another little known fact, but one that should be apparent if one thinks about it, it doesn't pile up residually over time. If it did, farmers would create disasters on their own lands. You could smoke a lawn with glyphosate, and soon after reseed, there won't be residual glyphosate to kill seedlings. It's actually one of the safest pesticides(yes, an herbicide can be called a pesticide) on the market.

[@arthurdewith7608]

U go out there and pull weeds

[@jaymo2024]

Roundup KILLS

[@sixvee5147]

Evolution at work. Good job, environmental pressures!

[@ucanliv4ever]

Culling the herd

[@dj_laundry_list]

It doesn't seem far fetched that weeds quickly evolved something that already existed in nature (convergent evolution), But what if it was horizontal gene transfer instead?

[@saby8765]

I just wanted to know why my driveway weed comes back as soon as 2 weeks after applying roundup 🙄

[@DukeGMOLOL]

It's a different weed seed.

[@davidadcock3382]

Roundup has NO soil activity. You control only the weeds that are there and new ones will come backup.

[@HogwartsBasement]

1:04 it’s okay 👌🏻 you don’t pronounce herb properly so it doesn’t matter lol 😂

[@JohnDlugosz]

The whole idea of pesticides will be obsolete. Marvin Minsky (of AI fame) wrote a science fiction novel, _The Touring Option_ . It includes a throw-away scene where the AI tech was used to build a little robot that plucked insects off plants, using computer vision and tentacle IIRC. (His future novel was set in 2023, BTW) The same idea can be used for weeding. We should be able to have a cheap single-board computer (specialized for running the vision app, made by NVIDIA) identify weed shoots, today. From there they can be "targeted" in some way, such as pulling them out of the ground. But with less-developed manipulator technology, the weed can be sprayed with a potent toxin that no plant would evolve defense against; e.g. some kind of bleach.

[@larryjanson4011]

i have poured a mix of used oil, diesel fuel. on weeds and they thrived.

[@htopherollem649]

her statement that Roundup doesn't affect us is disingenuous (at best). There's more than a strong link between exposure and non-hodgkins lymphoma

[@DukeGMOLOL]

No there is not.

[@andrewnichols1240]

If it wasn't for Quackgrass I wouldn't be concerned!! I'm only a gardener

[@johnburrows5119]

I used Roundup once. NEVER AGAIN... after my dog ended up with cancer and died.

[@DukeGMOLOL]

The dog did not die from roundup.

[@broenoch1086]

@@DukeGMOLOL How do you know?

[@DukeGMOLOL]

@@broenoch1086 Because roundup does not cause cancer.

[@broenoch1086]

@@DukeGMOLOL Says you. Why is Bayer changing the recipe to their toxic brew? What are they afraid of?

[@DukeGMOLOL]

@@broenoch1086 Says science. Bayer is not changing it for agricultural and forestry uses, they are only changing it for the retail market. The reason is the unfounded lawsuits from the sewer dwelling Rat Lawyers, it is much cheaper to settle than to fight each one separately.

[@jugnu361]

CAUSES CANCER

[@distorted_imagination]

Shikimăté

[@AZCobraman]

Great vid. Very informative. Gotta love the doofuses that want to turn our food production over to Skynet tho...lol

[@jimmij3894]

Pity that weeds cant be made edible.

[@avhuf]

Your pronunciation is close to the correct one, much better than the other one. On another note, smart robots are the only good approach for the far future for eliminating weeds where they are unwanted.

[@idkidk8278]

Plant a plant that kills other weeds and doesn't drink all the water but don't kill what your trying to grow.

[@pseudoczar]

Yerba Mate

[@lukejacobs2486]

Roundup is a miracle chemical it can't be matched

[@reginaholland7261]

It's deadly

[@DukeGMOLOL]

Yep!!

[@DukeGMOLOL]

@@reginaholland7261 Nope!!

[@broenoch1086]

@@reginaholland7261 Very deadly!!

[@davidadcock3382]

@@broenoch1086 Roundup is the safest herbicide farmers have ever used even much safer than many of the pesticides Organic growers use.

[@premier69]

if it stopped working is great. stop using it.

[@kevinmiller5467]

If effective weed control is not obtained the price of food will go up and millions to billions of people will starve to death. It is easy to say screw it or evil bad chemical go away if you don't think about or have to live with the consequences.

[@DukeGMOLOL]

@@kevinmiller5467 Right!!

[@whatthefunction9140]

robots bro

[@Forester-qs5mf]

The H in Herbicides is not silent.

[@sislertx]

I remember how my grandfathers garden looked and tasted...the soil is now dead and now barely grow weeds...we killed the soil microbes and replaced good microbs that live off.oxygen with dangerous non oxygen things like ecoili listeria hepatitis and idiots are doing the stagnant water thing. Once u use it i MAY NOT LEAVE FOR DECADES...POSSIBLY MORE

[@JohnnyGT-CA]

Loved it. So fun. Bopilina, you are super fine 💗