How Sodium Filled Exhaust Valves Work - Kia Stinger GT - Best Engines

[@JacobMueller]

Kia winning an award for their engine is a real testament to their progress since the 90s.

[@RAPXZibit]

and for first powerful engine with sound of vacuum

[@JacobMueller]

All engines have the sound of a vacuum. :)

[@RAPXZibit]

no, good engines have a sound of engine, not of a vacuum

[@alexsmba]

ADFKSJG if you understood how engines worked, you probably wouldn’t have said that. What do you think is happening when the engine is sucking in air?

[@geordiebroadfoot3575]

People expect an 'engine' sound, but in a lot of modern vehicles, that sound is faked (or supplemented) with hidden speakers. Mainly because engines are so much more efficient and quieter today that they don't produce as much noise anymore

[@SaxonWinther]

I’m a life long car guy and I’ve owned about 50 cars in my life. I currently own a Kia Stinger and this engine is an absolute treat to drive. Acceleration and passing power are always there and it just feels like a solid well made engine

[@jackandblaze5956]

Sodium filled exhaust valves is something we used to put in air cooled VW engines in the 80's when we rebuilt them for dependability in Texas for the 9 months of summer hell.

[@meloni1985]

Actually even the Alfa engines from the early 60's had sodium filled cìvalves ;)

[@ianschroth6575]

Yup. They used to LOVE to drop the #3 exhaust valves through the piston and then the real fun starts.

[@wannabecarguy]

I like to see people cut them open and toss the sodium into a lake.

[@daytonasayswhat9333]

That’s cool b

[@bigbill74scots]

Kia 2018. Kickin' ass and takin' names. Massive respect to them for how far they've come.

[@stephenmoxley5188]

I've driven this car and the powertrain is VERY impressive. The styling is really good, too. Thanks for explaining all of the technology in the engine.

[@mr.butterworth]

Stephen Moxley - Wait until you drive a real car, you’ll be blown away.

[@Wrathlon]

Grow up Mista Butterworth.

[@mr.butterworth]

Wrathlon - I am grown up, that’s how I know this thing is a grocery getter in designer duds.

[@Wrathlon]

LOL OK sure. Tell us more.

[@Bartonovich52]

If that was really the case, you wouldn’t care. My guess it’s probably faster than what you drive. Your posts are screaming for validation.

[@hayksamvelyan]

Very thorough and easy to follow explanation fo something that I've been hearing in car reviews but never knew what it actually did. Thank you Jason!

[@EngineeringExplained]

Very welcome, thanks for watching!

[@rokadamlje5365]

Heat pipe basically.

[@BTCAutomotiveTech]

That was a great explanation of sodium filled valves. I will add that much of the heat developed in the head of the valve is transferred to the valve seat and not through the guide. This is why when exhaust valves loose good contact with the seat, they overheat and burn (melt) at their sealing surface. The sodium helps carry some of the heat up into the stem to protect the head of the valve.

[@MrBernard0911]

Unknown to most people, sodium in it's pure form is a very soft METAL that cuts like butter at room temperature. Sodium CHLORIDE, NaCl, is a salt. Sodium chloride is a COMPOUND, a joining of one chlorine atom to one sodium atom. What's in the engine's valves is the pure METAL.

[@manstersr]

Oh, forgot to mention, thanks for the informative videos. I'm a professional mechanic but it's cool to hear the explanation how things work from an engineering perspective and why they are designed the way they are.

[@FallingStar1080]

You all need to pay attention, he said Kia is first to use them in a V6 engine

[@Dragunov302]

False, the R35 has them

[@jacktheaviator4938]

​@@Dragunov302Kia probably added an asterisk, like "first sodium valves in a V6* and the fine print says "in a passenger can made in Korea "

[@Ganbala]

From a proud Kia Owner I approve this messages.

[@gickygackers]

How's it chooching along now? Any ragrets?

[@Ganbala]

@@gickygackers 11 Year with him and after 175,000 now is retired in my garage with cover ... My opirus 3.8 Mid night editions killed ... broke my spectation about the brand..is special for me ... Today I move to other brand because kia line is not the same like 11 years ago .. everyone is turbo and for long distance turbo car is problem ...now I drive 2020 Acura TLX Advance SH AWD. ... one of The last Natural V6 in the market.. Now is time for Acura to prove is better than my Kia opirus ... thanks for ask

[@donbaird3826]

2020 3.3 tt panthera metal 91,000 and still kicking azz. 😅

[@DarioDAversa]

These explain (amongst other things) why this engine is such a sleeper. I've just started to mod mine, and it's become RIDICULOUSLY fast without much effort -- most probably because it can handle so much more than what it does stock.

[@federicogioachini653]

Great video ;) I've just to say something about integrating the exhaust Manifold in the head. It is done because turbochargers cannot handle temperatures higher than 1000 1050°C. At high load and speed temperature of the exhaust must be kept under control (also because of the late combustion needed to avoid detonation) and to do so it is required mixture enrichment (lambda up to 0.75 or 0.8) This enrichment is terrible for HC and CO emissions and for fuel consumption. Integrated Manifolds help under this aspect, cooling the gases before entering the turbochargers so that less enrichment is required ;)

[@shadd5069]

By far the most information I’ve ever needed for the Kia stinger. Others don’t come close.

[@RiccardoTheBeAst]

All these technologies (DOHC, D-CVVT, integrated exhaust, timing chain and electronic direct injection), apart from sodium filled exhaust valves which are unique to this one, can be found on all 2017-2018 T-GDI Hyundai engines (1.0, 1.4, 2.0 and 3.3). They are great!

[@TomDenbo]

I've seen various systems for changing valve timing. There are systems to slide the cam shaft to a different profile, this system to rotate the cam shaft to change valve timing, etc. Why are engine makers missing FreeValve technology? It eliminates cam shaft and camshaft drive. It gives you complete control of each valve. It improves every metric of the engine performance. Makes the engine smaller and lighter. It was developed by Koenigsegg in Sweden. It looks like the future for piston engines. When will the auto industry wake up?

[@Natedogg1952]

I’m not sure what the issue was with the one that came through my shop. But we had a Kia Stinger base RWD 2.0T randomly completely fail on the transmission end then had all types of weird turbo fails. Had to be sent back to Kia ultimately after a corporate American specialist came out and inspected it. 🥶 Definitely a fan of the GT stingers with the performance chips. Zippy 6cylenders.

[@victoralcaide6313]

The Daimler-Benz DB605 V12 36L engine from the 1940s had sodium filled exhaust valves aswell. That engine was ahead of its time. 4 valves per cilinder, direct fuel injection, nitrous oxide in some versions too! It powered some german and swedish planes in WW2

[@djquick]

The Lycoming engine in my airplane also uses sodium filled exhaust valves. Reliably pulling heat from valves for decades.

[@FallingStar1080]

Is it a V6?

[@djquick]

Elmer Granados it’s a 4cyl boxer style air cooled engine. 320 cu. in.

[@graememcmillan6103]

I love the engine in my Kia Stinger GT. I have had the car for nearly six years now and I still love driving it.

[@godfreypoon5148]

They told the car it had to reduce it's sodium intake... so now it only has sodium exhaust...

[@satsumagt5284]

Perfect

[@jeffreycordle6084]

I used to work at the Eaton valve factory. I have made these valves for many many different car manufacturers. Truthfully most are regular valves. But still. I ran the "230's" which are the machines that put the initial grind for the seat.

[@Shaun.Stephens]

So sodium filled valves are basically heat-pipes?

[@averyalexander2303]

Yes they are. Great question!

[@ChargedUp]

I was thinking the same thing, interesting technology. I'm curious about the manufacturing process. Sodium oxides really quickly, does this have any negative effect on the thermal performance?

[@Shaun.Stephens]

+toilet brush Heat pipes have a working fluid with a liquid / vapour range set to suit the application. Heat pipes used in computer heat sinks are designed to work between 0 and 100 degrees C so use water, an alcohol or a mix of the two and a vacuum. If they were designed to operate in the 600 to 750 degree range they'd likely use sodium (or something with characteristics suited to the range) and a vacuum. The way a heat pipe is able to move so much energy from the hot end to the cold end (relatively) is by the working fluid undergoing phase-change. It takes a lot of energy to turn a liquid into a gas and this energy is carried away and deposited at the cold end where it condenses again. This process moves far more energy than is possible by simply having a liquid carry energy. It's the principal that air conditioning works on only with a heat pipe the heat drives the cycle rather than a compressor. The 'secret' to getting a heat-pipe to work is having the right working fluid anmd operating pressure. For computer heatsinks water is usually good enough as it boils at the CPU and condenses at the fins. (Remember that it's under a vacuum or partial vacuum 'doped' with an inert gas so the desired bioling point can be set exactly.)

[@RennieAsh]

CPU heat pipes are cool. Place one end on a hot soldering iron and the cold end 10-15cm away gets too hot to hold in a few seconds

[@RobertHancock1]

It's completely sealed inside the valve away from any oxygen, so it can't oxidize.

[@danr8194]

I remember having them in my old corrado G60 back in 1990. Disposing of old valves by cutting them open and dumping in a bucket of water. Fun to watch

[@SavageBunny1]

BMW has been using these valves since the 80’s, in started with the M42 engine and most of the M engines have them too.

[@adriantaylor9535]

Alfa were using sodium valves mid 1960

[@jaredshelton4718]

Not in a V6 engine. This is a first.

[@mikezerker6925]

Love the way you use engineering, math and science and apply it to things we see or use everyday.

[@ozzstars_cars]

An aluminum intake would be nice and durable without sacrificing long term durability. The plastic intakes are good for lasting the warranty period and then eventually cracking adding expense to the owner. Plastic intakes are used to lessen the cost for the manufacture and make them more money in the short and long term.

[@petriepretorius4085]

your content is absolutely insightful...i did not know of hollow valves until watching this...it is so cool to see what engineers do to advance the internal combustion engine...

[@luisa.7021]

Just at Kia yesterday to get my dad's forte 5 serviced. I wish the stinger had maybe like an active exhaust. Like i don't me straight pipes, but maybe just a bit louder or an option to do so when you want could be really nice. Maybe it'd help promote its sportyness. But then have the option to quiet it down for maybe if you're going to church or something.

[@St1ngerGuy]

There are EVC options for the Stinger if you want to spend 2K on an exhaust. Quiet on the highway, loud under WOT and more power to boot.

[@yonatanclark8242]

My 2020 GT1 has electronic exhaust options to play it a bit through the speakers in the cab. I’ve played with it a bit but haven’t noticed any difference

[@williampetry]

I make sodium valves. We use microdrills (4 per line) and I control the drills while using calipers to measure the depth to make sure they are the correct depth. The next step after mine is the filling of the sodium as well as the friction weld of the stem to the upper drilled valve. They are pretty fun to manufacture!

[@NckGarage]

I would love to see the Toyota 22r 22re and 22ret series one of the most produced engines for Toyota and likely other companies and set the standard for reliability. You could talk about the major mods people do like the 20r head on the 22r and 22re for the added compression and port flow. Also said the 22ret the turbo model will take 20psi by only changing piston shape. Thanks for your time in this video and possibly on the one I would like to see

[@hill160881]

N1ck0145 Garage that engine was total junk. What a joke. Over heating and emissions joke.

[@Welcometofacsistube]

Sorry but Chrysler was making the slant (one of the most reliable engines ever)way before Toyota made anything near reliable

[@jR060t]

I had an '81 Toyota pickup with the venerable 22r modified with a 20r head and board 40 mil over. It was great, though as RCR says, on a long enough timeline everything gets an LS, which is what my friend (and new owner) is doing.

[@StrangaPsychoPachic]

Kristopher Klassen Except the slant six always fouling out number 1 plug and piss poor head design, so some cylinders would run lean. Needed a rebuild by 100k like most 60s and 70s engines. I had a dart with a slant 6, reliablish but they had their issues. Hard to get correct parts for them now. Especially the carb and points system.

[@Trident_Euclid]

We had 3 of those engines broken in less than 10 years.

[@AsiAzzy]

I have two objections (misunderstandings or personal beliefs.. however you take it) Sodium is primarily used as a heat pipe through phase change (mainly from liquid to gas in the 500-800 degrees Celsius range). And to calibrate to boil at that temperature the initial pressure inside the tube is lowered, thus lowering the boil temperature. - So just as water heat pipes used in cooling CPU-s on laptops - water is with a vacuum so it will boil at 35 or so degrees.. hot side vaporizes the liquid water and the water vapor absorb a tremendous amount of energy in this phase change (latent heat of vaporization). The water vapor travels to the cold side and with enough radiators it can get rid of that energy to condense and trough capillarity effect it will go to the hot side again. Now for the sodium heatpipe inside the valve is optimized for higher temperatures. Skipping the cold phase where is solid as in the first 5min it will be over the melting point, when the valve reaches 400-500 degrees the liquid sodium will be boiling and absorb a lot of energy and sodium vapor reaches the stem where it's much cooler from the water/oil cooled valve guides and condenses back to liquid. So the whole idea is just a neat way to transport heat from a remote hot area to a suitable place for cooling. As far as I know, thermal conductivity of a solid metal like copper is around 400W/m*K, and a comparable conductivity of a water heatpipe is rated at over 5000W/m*K (and long heatpipes can go over 100kW/m*K rated conductivity)- which is a huge improvement over steel which only have about 50W/m*K. I agree that splashing will distribute heat better alone even without the phase change to gas, and sodium has 3 times the thermal conductivity of steel so it woul;d do something even if it's a lump of solid static object acting only with it's conductivity. - But the heat pipe phase change heat transfer was the marvelous thing as far as i know. I'm very sure about numerous researches and articles about sodium heat pipes inside valves as a prototype and experimental research. Is this it into production in kia stinger? Another remark is about the strategy of the VVT and VVL - isn't it the other way around? i see it has 10:1 ratio and it's turbocharged - That is very high even for premium high octane fuel. So the trick is like in the prius with the atkinson cycle. So very high CR will improve fuel efficiency, but for gasoline engines the detonation (knock) is the limiting factor. The trick is that knock will not appear at low load and low revs.. so they go with full 10:1 ratio, while at full load max revs, max intake pressure will have to lower the CR and that is mainly done by LIC (late intake closing - it closes after BDC on the compression stroke where it traps only what's left in the cylinder), or EIC (early intake closing - closing midway in the downward intake stroke). From the two strategies LIC is the most used since this is done only when engine is approaching a knock condition.. so the revs are very high and the time for opening and closing can be far apart in time, (for EIC it's the opposite, the valve should open a bit and very short after have to close.. doing this at max revs is not possible i suppose.. too little time) Do I confuse things? Please enlighten me with your opinion since I'm as well phd automotive engineer and teach in university precisely these things and would like to know your take on these. (my phd was in thermal analysis inside ICE's, specifically a weird prototype rotary engine)

[@Westcoastwindsurf]

Very interesting. You got a new subscriber.

[@EngineeringExplained]

Thanks for subscribing, really appreciate it!

[@AmaroqStarwind]

In the massive 2-stroke diesel engines on freighters, the exhaust valves have air vanes on them which cause them to spin as they open, which helps cool them.

[@BramBiesiekierski]

Subaru have been using Sodium exhaust valves for years and years. I bought a wrecked 2003 WRX to part out. Engine timing was smashed in the crash. And the exhaust valves were smashed open, exposing the sodium.

[@iplaysdrums]

Don't leave us in suspense here! How did you die no wait I mean what happened? Doesn't sodium ignite when exposed to oxygen?

[@BramBiesiekierski]

ian connell It went white and powdery. Looked like really bad corrosion you see on car battery posts.

[@BramBiesiekierski]

And i parted out the rest of the car for about 4000% of my original investment. Not too shabby for a days work stripping it and few internet part adds.

[@jimmyaber5920]

Volvo used sodium filled exhaust vale’s 21 years before that. I don’t know who used the feature first. Could have been turbo aircraft engines.

[@benpalumbo6726]

They've been around for almost 100 years. Rolls Royce Merlin engine has them.

[@darismalmubarok7611]

First time I heard about sodium filled exhaust valve is when I get a new vehicle model training of Honda civic 1.5 turbo and it's about a year ago. And just by this video I could understand how it works! Thanks Jason!

[@stevehayward1854]

IC engines are getting really interesting just as they are becoming irrelevant.

[@iqinsanity]

They will never be irrelevant... That electric motor will never replace a ice in every application

[@iqinsanity]

Explain to me how you use an electric motor as a electric generator for off grid use. Such as a cabin miles and miles from anyone else, a RV in the middle of nowhere, or when the grid goes down at your home during a storm. And don’t say “batteries” because it doesn’t matter how large the bank, they do not generate electricity they only give you back the energy you’ve already stored. Which makes them useless for remote locations or extended periods of time. And good luck depending on solar in places like Alaska that can go months without seeing the sun, or on an RV where roof space to put them is limited. And that before getting to the fact that an air conditioner can eat power faster than a solar panel array can generate it.

[@byronnightingale5550]

The Kia Stinger is a corker of a car, outstanding vehicle with terrific performance.

[@alexmoore5970]

Still waiting for the video that explains the differences between flat engines and boxer engines and why every boxer engine is a flat engine but not every flat engine is a boxer engine! Also as always will the Kia stinger engine fit in my Honda?

[@treles]

if i were to make an educated guess, dangerous i know, a flat engine has the pistons mounted parallel to the ground, with the pistons in either an inline or opposed layout, a boxer engine refers to a flat engine with opposed pistons only.

[@alexmoore5970]

treles close unless I miss understood you. A flat engine the pistons share the same crank angle (think gt350 engine flat plane crank) vs a boxer they are on different angles (think coyote motor) but both engines are flat.

[@treles]

i see what you mean, the engines i was thinking off the top of my head were both bmw motorcycle engines, the R1200GS and older K100RS. i think it was this 2nd engine that may have been throwing me off

[@nickyle7902]

let me correct u a boxer engine is a flat plane engine with the crank in the middle and the pistons opposite each other 180 degrees ie vw beetle, porsche,subaru, bmw gs and america also made one forgot the name all the same 180 dec . a flat engine is just that a straight line 4 cylinder that is laid on its side too be flat great for work horse type of vehicles were u sit on the engine.

[@vhateverlie]

In boxer both pistons fire in opposite directions, when in 180° V they both travel in the same direction for opposed banks of cylinders, boxers are more balanced with

[@PD-we8vf]

Sodium filled exhaust valves is super old technology. These have been around since Crysler was designing engines for the Sherman tank in ww2.

[@thechocobotamer6938]

Man, Jason, how do you get to drive so many cool cars??? You've got friends in the diamond business

[@Shaun.Stephens]

No he has 1.8 million subscribers and never says anything bad about the cars he reviews.

[@Shaun.Stephens]

Yep. Let's face it if you word it carefully there's likely really good things to say about various parts of any modern engine. It's all in the scripting. ;)

[@thechocobotamer6938]

Shaun Stephens he's just a really positive person lol

[@EngineeringExplained]

Really it's just about having an audience and platform to reach others! The positive/negative thing isn't as important. I've ragged on plenty of cars and still get sent cars from those companies. I like what I like and don't like other things. That said, I'd rather talk about cool features than be another of the 100 car reviews of every make and model, so that's generally what I focus on.

[@truantray]

He's a famous whiteboard artist.

[@awlonghurst]

Thank you for producing consistently the most informative and educational videos on KZbin.

[@willtato8778]

Just curious, if an aftermarket company sold exhaust valves with sodium in, as opposed to solid valves OEM, is that fine, or are there additional modifications for it to work?

[@EngineeringExplained]

Generally it would be fine, though sodium valves are a bit lighter, so you may not need as much spring. But I've seen some documents about aircraft engines claiming it's fine to even replace them individually, so not all of them are sodium, if you need to change any out (upgrade "while you're in there").

[@user-qx7tm5df8j]

does it makes sense for my 82. 1 cylinder honda? :D

[@mjay6245]

DrSid42 Lower valve temp = less auto ignition = more timing = more power.

[@Kalvinjj]

also if you change springs as mentioned above, that's less load on the camshaft and thus less power lost on the engine itself. Since you will have to remove the springs anyway to replace valves, why not while at it? (Or, it could allow higher RPMs if that was a limiting factor... But I wouldn't bet on that, just a specific scenario)

[@CalculatedRiskAK]

With a little bit of calculation you could probably find out how much of a higher spring rate on the intake valves you would need in order to match the new rate vs inertia of the exhaust valves. From there you could figure out how much higher you could rev the engine without valve float.

[@mikemartinez661]

One of the best stinger vids out there.

[@dhawthorne1634]

If you are going to use something as dangerous as sodium, you may as well use NaK instead. It's much more thermally conductive and has a larger liquid range (including room temperature). Nak is also less dense than most hydrocarbons with the exception of ultra pure mineral oil, making for some significant weight savings as compared to an equivalent volume of pure sodium metal. This also means less kinetic energy for the valve mechanism to overcome and less wear on the requisite parts. Before anyone pounces on this comment: I am aware of the corrosive nature of NaK and read over the old test documents regarding suitable materials for transport and high-temperature coolant applications in nuclear reactors from both the U.S.A. and U.K. research teams. Low-carbon stainless steel with very little calcium and nitrogen contamination are effectively impervious to NaK up to 600C.

[@two_number_nines]

but in the video jason said best case scenario with sodium is 650 C

[@dhawthorne1634]

John Scarce NaK would transfer heat even more efficiently, so it would not get up to 650C. It may not even get up to 600C. The absolute best case scenario would be to find a means of cooling it below 232C (the auto-ignition temperature of gasoline). That is highly impractical do to the need for an active cooling system (additional pumps and compressors) and/or an extra stroke or two in which only air is cycled through the cylinder. Also, 600C is where it can start attacking the steel. However, we are also talking about a closed system, not coolant flowing through a loop through a reactor, water bath, reservoir tank, an electro-kenetic propulsion system and back again. It would likely reach saturation and deposit the metal ions back as fast as it removed them up to about 700-800C (although I am unaware of this actually being tested).

[@dhawthorne1634]

Titanium is only resistant to NaK up to around 530C. The issue to be solved is the heat retention of the valves causing the potential for premature combustion of the fuel. If you were thinking of skipping the internal coolant, titanium doesn't have sufficient thermal conductivity on it's own. The only metals that could do this on their own are all too soft (such as aluminum, copper, silver and gold), too reactive with air (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium) or liquid at room or close to room temperature (NaK, mercury, gallium). This is why you need to put a thermal thermal transfer material inside of the valve arm.

[@fredred8371]

Seems like a good idea. I'd like to learn y nobody uses nak. It seems like the manufacturers would of thought of it and there's probably a reason they don't. It's funny reading the replys to ur comments so far, they have no idea wat ur talking about

[@EmmaCross94]

I'm no expert on any of this but if something makes sense to do and they haven't done it yet, it's probably too expensive

[@tracylemme1375]

I read about sodium filled exhaust valves in 1962 They were for industrial engines. They also had valve rotates to promote even ware.

[@MeynMotorGroup]

Great video!

[@marfigue777]

Im proud!!! I have the same 3.3 lambda gdi engine on my 2006 Hyundai sonata!!!now is a award winning engine??? Wow

[@javajack9197]

Loving Best Engines!

[@Audiman0aha]

I had a 1990 audi 90 20 valve and it had sodium filled valves and i always wondered why. You answered that question!

[@mistamaog]

All this car is missing is a third pedal

[@EngineeringExplained]

Would be awesome!

[@mistamaog]

Engineering Explained it would! The closest we have is the Genesis G70 Sport

[@TheRguru1]

Bit of a shame really. But I can't blame Kia for omitting it, considering the target market for this car. It is supposed to be a comfy and convenient GT car. And these kind of cars typically don't bother with manuals.

[@abhimanyuks5383]

save the manual transmission!

[@jaredshelton4718]

Nooo

[@DannyColdhill]

My Saab 99EMS ( fuel injected) from 1975 had sodium filled valve stems as standard. It really did make a big diffrence! I did put on a head from a non-injected engine without sodium valves, and one exhaust valve actually melted. Then i put on the correct head on it.

[@brkbtjunkie]

It’s like a heat pipe on a cpu cooler. :)

[@alexklein455]

Pcmasterrace

[@sparky173j]

Not really. Heat pipes on a CPU cooler are more effective because they take advantage of phase change between gas and liquid. Because of the huge amount of energy involved in phase changes, energy transfer rates are faster than any solid or liquid substance known to humans. The temperatures quoted about these valves are below sodium's boiling point, so this is just talking advantage of liquid sodium being an excellent thermal conductor, and possibly letting it slosh around during the motion of the valve.

[@brkbtjunkie]

tev olsen he mentions in the video the sodium boils...

[@jeffhy3931]

It looks to share a lot of similar design elements with the Infiniti/Nissan VR30ddtt engine. Fascinating stuff- the turbo V6 world is crushing it right now. Thanks for the really informative videos!

[@dj_paultuk7052]

Saab were using Sodium filled exhaust valves in 1976. So why are they boasting about some really old tech ?. Also the engine makes less power than a 2.0T 4cyl euro Mercedes.

[@vampirwrr]

Power is not the only thing what makes good engine. There is plenty of powerful engines on the market. Fuel consumption and efficiency is more important these days.

[@manstersr]

I agree somewhat Paul, I think the new innovation is that the old style sodium filled valves in the Saab and VW type IV engines of the 70's and 80's only had sodium filled stems, now that the entire valve stem and head are filled it transfers heat even better. As far as a 2.0 turbo Mercedes making more power...I'd have to see the specs to believe that. Boy, do I wish they had variable valve timing in the 60's muscle cars, imagine all those cubes and the technology of today on 35 cent a gallon 105 octane leaded fuel and no cats, yeoooow!!! That's better than what we call "Race Fuel" today. There would have been 1500 hp hemi engines tearing up the streets, literally. But I guess we really have the emission legislation to thank for all the cool tech that allows us to get clean efficient engines with lots of power, although Porsche was doing some impressive stuff with fuel injection and turbos back in the 60's with the Can Am and Le Mans cars like the 917. Not to mention the turbo era of Formula 1.

[@conradkenneth5216]

My 1954 dodge has sodium filled valves. They advertised it on the motor.

[@dangleason9023]

There are some 800hp 2.0L engines, in race cars. I doubt there are 4 cylinder Mercedes engines putting out 350+hp. Get out of here.

[@dj_paultuk7052]

@Dan Gleason. You are very out of touch im afraid. The Merc A45, Merc GLA45, and the Merc CLA45 are all 382BHP, from the 2.0T 4cyl engine. The latest version to be released in December 18 will be 410bhp.

[@stevencorbo1220]

This was the best video discussing the 3.3 T kia stinger motor

[@Big2009Gee]

What boost pressure does it run

[@gram.]

12 psi

[@alexstromberg7696]

pressure doesn't really mean much, it's about air flow or cfm

[@willtato8778]

Alex Strömberg indeed

[@EngineeringExplained]

Boost absolutely matters. If it maintains a certain PSI that tells you how much air it's getting, with or without knowing CFM.

[@marcinwojtowicz7664]

However, if the air charge drawn in is "too hot" despite, or as a consequence of, high compression boost, then you will lose efficiency as combustion will be poor. So a high PSI will mislead you regarding mass air flow, which is the key factor. Pressure boost is a proxy for mass air flow, but it is confounded by temperature. Best situation is of course high boost, relatively low charge temperature, and low head losses along the conduits from the turbine to the chamber.

[@TheLiamis]

Impressive how far Kia has come.

[@BadAssEngineering]

Sodium has been in exhaust valves for years on VWs

[@EngineeringExplained]

As stated in the video, been used since the 1920's!

[@BadAssEngineering]

When Jason Replies to your comment :D

[@obere7999]

That's timely. Lovely guy and a true professional. Can't believe i was at nissan yesterday to test drive the 2018 leaf. All because of his presentation here. Good drive though

[@InsideOfMyOwnMind]

I remember as a kid back when the earth was spinning a bit faster than it is now my dad had a sodium valve laying around in the shop. I don't know what it came out of.

[@Taydrum]

reciprocating airplane engines have been using sodium in valves for even longer

[@dezertraider]

Another ,Super ,cool learning experience from a Master Teacher,!!!!!They used sodium filled valves in the 1960 American car co. Thank you 73s

[@freakasis]

How to they manufacture those valves?

[@GearheadOutlaw]

Robert D hallowed two piece valve filled with sodium and friction welded together usually...

[@rafaelislas7978]

yeah but im not sure it will happen the same way with the head of the valve filled with sodium too, maybe they are machined one piece but that seems really costly

[@GearheadOutlaw]

Rafael Islas they usually use a hollowed valve stem i guess some specialty valve could have them in the lower area of the valves. Some are even filled with lithium nitrate.

[@duckmcf]

I’m loving that the tuners have already got to work on this engine with alky injection, piggyback CPU’s, bigger intercoolers, exhaust, etc. For me this car is the spiritual successor to the Buick Grand National...

[@haridoessports]

Loading 2M Subscribers....

[@c.a.r.s.carsandrelevantspecs]

Jason, Thank you for another excellent video about an award-winning engine! This is one of my favorites.

[@harrysmith-johnson130]

the name sounds like it should be in gta lol

[@St1ngerGuy]

Someone added the Stinger to GTA actually.

[@coscorrodrift]

The stinger gt does exist in the GTA, it's a Ferrari, not sure which one

[@jeremycastro2491]

I really like this series Jason there’s so many awesome engines to cover from so many companies hope to see more

[@gram.]

Does it really make a difference placing the air filters at the front (sucking up fresh, cold air)? My (uneducated layman) thinking is that it would heat up as it travels through the pipes in the engine bay anyway... Can anyone (or Jason

[@EngineeringExplained]

If you pull air from in the engine bay it's heated by the radiator, if you pull from the front of the car you get ambient temperatures. The recent video on my supercharged S2000 gives pretty good real world data on this, showing why it's good to pull from up front: kzbin.info/www/bejne/bqW2f515i6yrqqc

[@gram.]

I just watched it there, thank you, & I appreciate you taking the time to reply!

[@paulashton5990]

But on a turbocharged engine, willi it make any significant difference to the temperature of the air exiting the intercooler?

[@polygondwanaland8390]

Engineering Explained My car pulls from the base of the window, with essentially a backwards scoop. GM does silly things.

[@zyzzx2012]

That's not silly at all. Air pressure at the base of the windshield at speed is pretty high, it's called Cowl Induction.

[@AmaroqStarwind]

This is a shining example of what once was lost technology.

[@jsando5.079]

Idk how this engine won an award. 360hp coming from a V6 turbo? Those are very weak numbers compared to the V6 engines of today

[@brkbtjunkie]

J Sandoval sure they could of got more out of it but at the expense of less efficiency. It’s always a balance.

[@ghost-4230]

Well it is a kia

[@jorge8596]

It isn't all about power. Weight, reliability and efficiency are all just as important, plus that means you can get a lot more power with a simple ECU tune

[@allarkuus7661]

Hp is not most important in everyday use. The dynamics of the engine are more important than how big hp numbers you can sy the engine has.

[@Ganxxta]

Have read that Kia is really conservative on the power output of that engine, apparently there is a substantial gain possible just by a simple chip tune (aka more boost & aggressive timing). Any comments on the current boost pressures and what the turbos actually can deliver @Engineering Explained?

[@Tsand4]

Stock is 12-14psi……….the stock turbos are maxing out anything over 24psi Lap3 ECU tune is achieving 500whp with 19-20psi

[@luisbarrasabengoa3625]

BMW owners triggered

[@Mulch5640]

Luis Barrasa Bengoa LOL, why?

[@JDubbs07]

Nathan H Wards bumped a BMW engine from the running when this one made their list for this year

[@TheRguru1]

That awkward moment when your "superior German engineering" loses to the Koreans.

[@gtbtp2036]

Korean cars are designed/engineered by Europeans and North Americans. Korea just supplies manpower to build them

[@JDubbs07]

Jesus Was Wrong Hyundai Group's biggest technical center is in Namyang, South Korea. They may have employed a lot of German engineering leadership for their higher performance products, but it's still very much a Korean operation.

[@ZeroBoostBuick]

I am very pleased with Kia's hard work and improvements. In 2017 or 2018 Consumer Reports had them on spot #3 for most reliable manufacturer, right behind Toyota and Lexus. Previous year Buick was #3.

[@gnomechump-stiny7128]

Seriously how old are you? I can't tell.

[@gustavomercado1599]

I think between 15 and 65

[@EngineeringExplained]

Great to have relevant car questions!

[@dino8895]

He is obviously 12

[@gnomechump-stiny7128]

Gustavo Mercado definitely

[@thechocobotamer6938]

My mom told me everyone stops aging after 21, so let's say he's 21

[@keithlee6803]

As one of my vehicles has sodium filled valves (a 1973 Oldsmobile motor, believe it or not), I appreciate your video explaining how and why they work; I have also viewed other videos which you have done and find them to be extremely high quality. Because they contain "common man" explanations of engineering, mechanical functions, and in this case, chemical properties, the videos allow me (an attorney !!) to clearly understand the subject matter. Thank you for making your videos. BTW, I now think I am going to request sodium valves to be used when I have the heads for my Subaru WRX re-done. Due to my rather lead foot, I unfortunately burned the exhaust valve in cylinder #3. It is my understanding this can be a fairly common issue in the WRX engine and I feel sodium filled valves could help prevent a recurrence of the burned valve(s). While lightening my lead foot might also prevent a recurrence of the burned valves, that has about as much chance of happening as Elvis landing his spaceship in the empty lot near me. Thank you again for your videos!

[@TheMatrixcube]

Engine tuners looooooooove build in exhaust - manifolds .... 😭😭

[@brynclarke1746]

Is this because it's difficult to swap it out for one lighter and/or with different pipe lengths?

[@ifazer8akathedoctor275]

lol

[@codyramos3200]

damn i never understood sodium filled valves but i always knew they were designed to help in temps . great video guy has some good knowledge

[@laxavierpierre4481]

*Hyundai engine The G70 looks better btw

[@neubianx]

Some problems with that automatic transmission though. It's NOT a ZF. It's made by Kia, and some customers have inexplicable hard shifting that the dealers can't seem to fix.

[@ghost-4230]

Brian Neu not surprised

[@laxavierpierre4481]

Brian Neu i wish they put a good DCT in it

[@colincrippin375]

@@laxavierpierre4481 They're going to be in the future. There are also going to be new 2.5 I4 Turbo and 3.5 V6 Turbo engines too in the G70 and Stinger.

[@laxavierpierre4481]

Colin Crippin that’s good. Hopefully they keep the 6spd standard in the g70

[@Savineyard3]

I got sodium filled exhaust valves in my 383 LT4. My engine builder talked me out of buying Titanium Valves for this 383 LT1 engine build. So I then did some research and found out that in 1996 GM used 2.00 inch lightweight hollow stem intake valves and 1.55 lightweight sodium filled valves for the LT4 engine in 1996. For me it seemed to be the right choice. It wasn't cheap but wasn't that expensive compared to Titanium. By the way, the 2.00 inch hollow stem intake valve only weighed 5 grams more than a 2.02 titanium intake valve that he had laying around. Anyway I remember hearing that WW2 fighter plane engines first used these sodium filled valves so they've been around for 70 years now.

[@karstensiegmarsson5304]

so much for cheap Korean crap cars..... Awesome 😎

[@ricardocardoso5283]

They used to say same about Japanese cars years ago... Now typically they're the most reliable around... Gotta give the Koreans some credit that they've come a long way and seem to be improving. Meanwhile, GM's bread and butter cars are mediocre on a good day...

[@dretax14]

I bought one of the few latest and last ones. Love it!

[@bryanwong1558]

NOTIFICATION SQUAD!!!!

[@kirara4953]

Bryan Wong Overused comment

[@bryanwong1558]

Kiraro The Kitsune YOU ARE DEFINITELY NOT FROM THE NOTIFICATION SQUAD

[@kirara4953]

Bryan Wong I'm not

[@wrenchoperator6435]

You touched on the exhaust manifold being incorporated into the cylinder head and commented about how that effects the turbocharger and catalytic converter. I see a lot of car manufactures doing this and I believe it is to benefit the catalytic converter and reduce emissions. My primary concern with this design, which seems to never come up, is how much added heat load does that put on the cooling system? How does it affect cylinder head temperature, and does it shorten engine, head, or head gasket life? How uniform is the cylinder head temperature?

[@RANDsreviews]

I have a big feeling you're going to get a Kia Stinger GT2!

[@Treyk901]

If they had this engine available for their palisade it would be a HUGE seller.

[@AverilDoyle]

Liquid sloshing around in a valve sure seems like an awesome way to manufacture valve float in high RPM scenarios. I'm sure there has to be some room for expansion, but if liquid sodium has hydrodynamics anywhere similar to water, that delay in weight transfer as that sodium slams down would cause the valves to hang open.. Definitely not good for a little import engine with what I would bet money is an interference motor. Also, wouldn't the sodium cause cavitation issues? Eroding the inside of a hollow valve head seems like a bad idea as well..

[@nighthawk0077]

650C is still very hot, good explanation. I'm sure Kia will continue to improve this design/engine. Infiniti makes 400hp (rated - actually more like 450) with their smaller 3.0L TT

[@Amboxler]

Infiniti also has a version that only gets 300 HP out of that same motor, which shows it is all in the tuning. While you get impressive numbers out of tuning both platforms, the 3.3L from Kia/Genesis reacts better, resulting in more power from identical mods. The 400HP the Red Sport Infiniti sits at is far closer to its safe maximum than the 365HP of the Kia. Both have plenty of room to grow, but the Kia has far more on stock internals. I just traded in my Q for a Stinger (two days ago now) and cannot wait to start modifying it.

[@markdecker9605]

I'm not a mechanic. I a do it yourselfer. I recently obtained a factory service manual for a 2019 Ford EcoSport SUV. My particular vehicle is front-wheel drive and has the 1-L 3-cylinder EcoBoost engine in it. I was looking through some of the specifications of this engine and it is built with sodium-filled valves. that tiny little one liter EcoBoost engine has won a lot of international awards. I don't know if all EcoBoost engines utilize sodium-filled valve but I'm told the new 1.5 l 3-cylinder that's in the current Ford escape also has sodium-filled valves. I do know in past that the LS6 and LS7 GM engines use sodium-filled valves. and the Shelby GT350 wngine also has sodium filled valves. I knew that they were used for many years since 1930s Mercedes used them in formula 1 racing. I know for the most part they was used on high performance engines. Now from what I'm hearing it's getting to be pretty common that they're used on these smaller turbocharged direct injection engines.

[@stephan5925]

I saw it on the Autobahn in Cologne today, thought it looks like a little Porsche Panamera...and now I see, it has even the power of a little Porsche...wow...a Kia...not bad!

[@skylinefever]

From 2008 to 2014, every Mitsubishi Evo X was rated by the manufacturer at 295 horsepower. In 2015, there was a special Evo X called the Final Edition, which addded sodium filled exhaust valves and was rated at 313 horsepower.

[@jonokiller]

love the way you displayed engine stats

[@Chromov113]

I want to mention, that there still are some cars, that are so well-done and sofisticated right from the factory, that it barely needs modifications. What would one want to modify on that Kia, unless one wants to use it for some motorsport? I wouldn't do anything, other than some styling, maybe.

[@jeffdickson902]

the exhaust valve is also cooled by it exhaust valve seat. that why a lot of engine builders recommend a little wider sealing area for exhaust valves.

[@LawrenceMarkFearon]

Great ! Now I know why Gen 5 Vipers have sodium filled exhaust valves. Heat can be an issue and they help prolong valve life, especially with raised compression.

[@yuskjr]

Chevy did this in the c5 Z06 (LS6) engine from 2001-2004 & I believe they also did it for the c6 generation too (2005-2013)

[@shanehorken]

loved this man. im not a kia guy but they have me interested in this car. hope you do more videos with the car.

[@DirtE30]

Great video as usual! This engine sounds very similar to the 2GR-FKS in the Toyota Camry/Tacoma etc, aside from the turbo’s of course.

[@robl3956]

You missed a big part of the cooling is the engine oil pouring over the valve train.

[@DoubleM55]

This is some brilliant engineering! Great job KIA/Hyundai :)

[@OffGridInvestor]

Just hyundai. Kia only designs bodies now. In fact kia really NEVER HAD its own engines afaik. Most of its older engines were direct mazda copies with one a rover copy (horrendous engine, genuine rover ones were worse than kias ones with a 40% catastrophic failure in first 6 months in kias), and a couple mitsubishi copies but I think only since hyundai has owned them. The ONLY engines that hyundai kept when it took over kia were the J series diesels which are basically a modification of a mazda diesel. They're truly odd with the earliest one in the pregio having a serious issue with the diesel pump gasket failing abd dumping diesel into the sump and catching alight. That one has about 5 COGS instead of a timing belt or chain, something I last saw in the 70s as well as an oil cooler I believe. There's some strange warmup features in some sold in cold climates including burning diesel to heat the intake air (like an oil heater), followed by one using a high amperage 12 volt air heater like some type of electric space heater for your house. All this just to get the engine to operating temperature quicker.

[@jaredshelton4718]

@@OffGridInvestor Kia does help design the engines moron.

[@Oscarphone]

First automotive sodium cooled valves I'm aware of were 53 Ford truck heads. Truck specific engines normally had them in my knowledge.

[@ringodooby]

It’s just nice to see more normal rear wheel cars being made. Can’t wait to drive one of these in ten years when I can afford a ruined one