How Sonar Works (Submarine Shadow Zone) - Smarter Every Day 249

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fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar
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Warm Regards,
Destin

[@smartereveryday]

This was an incredibly challenging video to make. The challenge came with getting the Navy to agree to the interview in the first place, then successfully navigating the interview without it being shut down. In the end, everyone was super professional and it was a really fun topic to learn about! I hope you enjoy, and thank you very much for considering becoming a Patron at (www.patreon.com/smartereveryday)!

[@sakthitharan632]

hi there

[@MichaelSoe]

Those people are such a great sports. Really admire them.

[@michaelbuchwald8900]

Do you know how many more videos in this series there will be?

[@pdsng69]

Sup

[@jamescanjuggle]

I can imagine. These types of videos are always being combed for info. Same with most media😂

[@tallzxdriver]

"No its not, I can show you the manual where its declassified." The sign of a professional that takes their job seriously. Good for him and the guy supervising him. If a supervisor is willing to be challenged without taking it personally everyone achieves more.

[@JRSLover411]

Absolutely correct. I'm not on their level but I love it when my soldiers are able to tell me I'm wrong. It doesn't hurt me, it informs me and tells me that they're trying to be better than me which keeps me on my toes.

[@Rabijeel]

There is Stuff - fairly common everyday Stuff, not this "Cold War-Spy-Stuff" rather than f. E. the Time Plan for the Mess Hall - that is classified. And, there is also Stuff, you are not even allowed to answer in any Way - so also not denying it. It is often People say something Stupid just to avoid any further Questions and even "keeping silent" would be too much of an indicator. Knowing this, mainly all you can find on YT and such is outdated (WW1-Trechtactics), common knowledge ("THAT WAY ROUND you have to hold the Rifle. THAT WAY!") or common Sense ("All the Guys around you wear blue. Your Arm you see on Screen seems to wear Blue. So guess what you gotta do with the Red ones and what not to do with the blue ones?"). In that case, the Conversation went pretty fast into "How to find out and seperate Contacts" - which is highly classified - and so the Guy showed his CO "'s all right, I know how to handle this" and just went over to the Basics, away from the deep questions. Also, that Way he provided all Answers and everybody knew that any further Questions go into the "No-Go-Zone". I am more impressed of his Leadershipskills which I had not expected from this Guy.

[@fender10g]

yes, 100%

[@AFrenchman31]

Please go and tell that to my boss

[@davidmartensson273]

@@JRSLover411 This is valid in any boss role, a good boss can handle being challenged and you want employees that are as good or better in they specialty, your job is to get them to be their best, not to best them :)

[@jake9705]

"Hi! Welcome to Smarter Everyd..." "That's a no-go."

[@Zypher77777]

"Too smart. Dumb it down, Destin."

[@Teqnyq]

@@Zypher77777 we want it at kindergarten level 🤣

[@jasperooms9210]

"Nice" The guy just said nice in the most meme-able way ever.

[@FutureAIDev2015]

​@@jasperooms9210"Noice" 😂

[@ybnnoopy237]

destin in such an underrated interviewer. the amount of stress there is in such a interview in which a lot of the questions he’s asking can’t be answered without leaking classified information is amazing and the way he handles himself and asks all these great questions in such a situation is even more amazing. great job man.

[@a9fc]

And he's very good at asking technical questions in a way that's easy to understand

[@Glee73]

also, if i remember correctly, he has worked on military projects which are definitely classified. so he understands the background behind these things.

[@DuckiestBoat959]

Pretty sure they pre-briefed him on what he could and couldn’t talk about. I don’t think they would have let a KZbinr with a camera aboard an active nuclear submarine without laying down some ground rules before he showed up. He only makes note of it so the audience can keep up.

[@danmyers9372]

Destin possesses a natural (I presume) gift/skill of making those around him relax. And when we relax we can tend to let down our guard.

[@timn4481]

nah. completely over stated. everything destin asked is public knowledge. the only things clasified would be actual boat capability. all the concepts are the same. its the detail that the boat can get thats class.

[@diegodiaz3341]

That dude reaaaally loves his job, Exhibit #1: Glimpses of nerdy enthusiasm being shut down by his professionalism and responsibility. Exhibit #2: Exact de-classified manual to continue the conversation - "I can go get it right now!" LMAO, this also shows he's under good leadership, in the sense that he was willing to challenge his supervisor. The constant tension in the room shows this was the real deal, good content, earned a sub.

[@ultrasuperkiller]

”Earned a sub” Pun intended?

[@mats6565]

I love how he's like "no no, this is in this and so document, its declassified. I can get the manual if you want" You can tell how much he loves his job and loves to talk about it :)

[@ronniebasak96]

And is not allowed to :(

[@mats6565]

I knoow :/

[@scttydsntknw]

I am a Navy vet and I will tell you one thing that is true about every sailor, we love proving our superiors wrong. I used to walk around with multiple policies in my pocket because there are "old" policies that higher ups still think are enforced and they have been changed or they simply don't know about. for example: I was a sailor who was sent to Iraq to help support Army operations, we wore Army uniforms, Army uniforms have some different standards for wear than Navy uniforms. Instead of issuing a whole new set of regulations for the uniforms the Navy simply issued a policy to basically state "The Navy members who wear Army uniforms will follow the Army rules for wearing said uniforms". My favorite was for backpacks, in the Navy the backpack had to be black or dark blue and could only be worn slung over one shoulder or carried. You could not wear a laptop bag slung over a shoulder or across the chest it had to be carried. The Army on the other hand didn't care how you wore the backpack as long as it was black and left your right hand free (for saluting) and laptop bags were authorized to be worn accordingly and had to be black. When I got back from Iraq I still had to wear my Army ACU's because they told us to leave all our other uniforms at home. I was waiting to transfer to my next command and the amount of times I had to whip out the regs because some Chief or Officer would stop to scold me for wearing my laptop bag was unreal. The satisfaction I got watching many a blood vessel bulge in some chiefs foreheads was immeasurable though. most were cool and were like "oh cool, lemme write this down so I can tell the other chiefs"

[@PjotrStroganov]

scttydsntknw and this is why the comment section over here rules. Thanks for that cool anecdote.

[@TheMasaoL]

@@scttydsntknw Right hand free just for salutes or free also for your service weapon?

[@PlasmaChannel]

"Partially right, but mostly wrong" -perhaps the most honest response ever. Haha. Great video Destin!

[@romanlegion5837]

The friendly version of “I’d tell you but I’d have to kill you” lol

[@bdhdbhdhdjj4861]

GHTVFUEJHXGHFHEFUFEDTDGDUFDKRGEIUTDIEFJNCGU3J,UEFNIE

[@fabian9505]

Proof?

[@wobblysauce]

The right result but the wrong calculations.

[@jamesstack7237]

@@wobblysauce Task failed successfully.

[@youriurss]

as a sonar op myself, you did an amazing job at explaining something very complicated in a simple way, wait until you learn about passive narrowband and doppler effect!

[@foobarmaximus3506]

He already knows that stuff. They just couldn't talk about it here.

[@spjr99]

i love doppler effect. whenever i experience it I just perk up and I'm like "there's physics in action" Ambulances and music turning eerie and slow are my favorites

[@phillyphakename1255]

​@@foobarmaximus3506 we all already know about the Doppler effect, we just didn't think about it and how it is used in combination with all the confounding factors like lensing, multipath, etc. Simple radar/sonar is simple. Send a ping wait for response for ranging, listen using a phased array antenna for direction. But once you add in one or two or five confounding physics phenomena, rotating reference frames, the Doppler and lensing, etc, this stuff gets real hard to visualize real quick, and you need some signal processing to help you out.

[@sirtango1]

I was hoping they would get into the towed arrays and other things related to that subject. But I’m sure not much of that would make it into the video. I’m surprised they let that much on passive sonar make it into the video. Everyone thinks about pinging sonar when they hear the term sonar. Not sure if the SOSUS will be able to get much attention in this series.

[@MattH-wg7ou]

Is it ALL sound based or are there electromagnetic (I guess it would be radar) options too? Obviously under water the frequency bands used would need to be different, but is there any EM based stuff like that on subs?

[@Harry101UK]

Super interesting! I can't believe they actually [redacted]

[@Salaci]

@@funkmonsterjones4753 Great info!

[@ParadigmUnkn0wn]

@@funkmonsterjones4753 it's more effective at recruiting or getting kids interested in science/engineering/math which is ultimately Destin's goal. This isn't much of a show of force video. They use videos of missile launch tests and war games for stuff like that, not simple explanations of stuff that literally every sea-faring nation on Earth has known for decades.

[@tinchote]

@@funkmonsterjones4753 No one who is even midly interested in military power would be surprised by anything that is said/shown in this video. The USA has nuclear submarines in the Artic? Who would have thought about it, right?

[@robertbelilovsky5197]

@@tinchote It's the fact that this stuff is for civilian consumption. The military is usually twenty years ahead of whatever is declassified, so this video sets the bar. If Iran or NK are 10 years ahead of this, they can estimate that they are 10 years behind us. It's also scary for them to know how many American civilians actively educate themselves about military hardware and tactics, and that those people form communities who share intelligence with each other. Propagation of information is one of our strong suits. Especially among teenagers. That suggests a future where young Americans are more ready for war than our adversaries. All of these ideas add up to a great deterrent. Funk is right. Dustin himself realized his video on the Future of Warfare was a weapon in the cyber domain, just one of the domains of modern wars, and it's the one the military needs civilian help to operate in.

[@youandiryan]

Hahahahahahahah

[@galleygrahambell8464]

Inside the submarine: "That's classified, I can't talk about it " Outside the submarine: THERE IS A SHADOW ZONE!!!

[@chrisgould101]

"I live in the shadow zone"- Batman

[@ekksoku]

@@chrisgould101 "Ah, you think the shadow zone is your ally? You merely adopted the shadow zone. I was born in it, moulded by it" - Bane

[@themaconeau]

Hello darkness, my old friend ...

[@ominith1]

i mean sure it's funny, but literally the whole video was ok'd by the navy before he posted it

[@bjl1000]

Crazy Ivan

[@ticktology]

I’m an electrical engineer and I used to work on the Virginia & Los Angeles class submarines to test for electromagnetic interference. I worked in the radio room, the electronic surveillance room, and the control room testing EMI levels on all types of systems on the subs. I got to see how the sonar worked, while sitting alongside the ship’s crew. Being in the control room was INSANE! I even went on sea trials with these guys, ate & slept with them for a whole week. It is definitely an experience that I’ll remember forever. Talking with the crew members about their lives and getting to know them like everyday people was an even better experience. Thanks for sharing this Destin.

[@EisenFeuer]

Trying to imagine the shielding on this stuff when signal loss is EVERYTHING

[@ticktology]

@@andrewmarthie5062 lol it’s “no-go” for a reason, especially on the internet, which could risk these guys lives. Not trying to get the DON on my case 👀

[@ticktology]

@@EisenFeuer down to the connectors, cable spacing from each other, and all different types of EMI cable shielding.

[@EisenFeuer]

@@ticktology Waving a little buzzy magic wand in and around every corner?

[@Hebdomad7]

You'll be a fan of Jive Turkey or Sub Brief then

[@neuro8483]

"In terms of understanding, how am I doing though?" "you're pretty good" "I'm like at kindergarten though?" "That's all we want you to know." that smirk at the end, I lol'd

[@inigma_ITC]

ya, get a smart guy in a sub, you gotta make sure he's got clearance and trust first else such a guy can figure almost anything out. :P

[@1968jafo1]

Garrett is one stone cold professional and I'm glad we have many like him in our forces

[@thomaschexmix643]

He could sell out to the Russians if they offer enough poppeds

[@samdykhoff746]

That "unwrapping" of the polar coordinate graph was an absolutely ingenious way to get people onboard who may have never been exposed to polar coordinates before. I absolutely love this channels educational animations. Destin is just one of those people who could explain any topic to you in a way you can understand and feel like you've learned something, and the constant high quality visuals just make literally anything the man talks about interesting.

[@Soken50]

Him and 3blue1brown are the two who always stun me with how both simple yet intricate the visual information is in their videos.

[@-............................h]

I post coordinates for different burial grounds within my videos

[@John-ed2wj]

stuff agree, brilliant stiffI agree

[@bexhillbiker]

I think he makes it up as he goes along. Its the only thing that makes sense

[@EisenFeuer]

@@Soken50 an absolute honor being compared to 3blue1brown, Grant Sanderson is next level

[@yogi6917]

Chief said - "I can go get the manual if you want" Subtle but savage. Everyone who's been on a boat has lived that exact moment.

[@consubandon]

For lower-ranking, non-lifer blueshirts (i.e. not chiefs!!!), that phrase is addressed to the high-ranking officer as, "OH, SIR! I will SO bet you! I will bet you MY REMAINING ENLISTMENT, RIGHT NOW! Promise me my DD-214 and I'll GO GET THE MANUAL!!!" Heard it sooooo many times. Don't bet against the guy who owns the gear!

[@nickeaton8653]

I also stopped watching this because it felt like getting that sonar checkout all over again

[@Markevans36301]

Subtle but savage, wasn't that our motto?

[@morgankwok5403]

Props to chief. He could have just "we cannot talk about it" and Dustin could do nothing. He stood up just to tell Dustin (and us), not just himself

[@parker9832]

@@morgankwok5403 Best comment in the thread, “Props to the Chief”

[@josephfetz1748]

I am a former sonarman on an Arleigh Burke class destroyer, and I must say that this is a very good video when it comes to explaining what I used to do in the Navy as an STG 2 Sonar Supervisor. Yes, lots of math and knowing the "signature" of every single ship and sub that exists (or at least those that we know of), plus all of the biologics and underwater topography (and oceanography). It does take a lot of mental aptitude to first identify the contact that you're hearing (you need to know the specific frequencies that every vessel emits into the water), and then you need to do the trig to actually figure out where it is in the water (i.e. time and space), and what direction it is moving (and at what relative velocity). And you must do this using only heard frequencies in the water, while also allowing for real-time changes on our part or theirs. We generally had 3-5 minutes to first identify the contact, and then another 5 minutes to determine where it is (and what speed/heading it was on). By the time that I left the Navy, the buttons on my calculator were worn entirely unreadable (and I bought it brand new when I checked aboard my ship). I did two deployments to the Gulf, plus an INSURV. My ship came in second for the Bloodhound Award after INSURV.

[@margotrosendorn6371]

Here's a question for you: how much does having a discerning ear come in handy as opposed to math skills? Is it more important to pick up the subtleties in sounds or to be able to crunch through a bunch of raw data?

[@jkirchh]

@@margotrosendorn6371I can’t speak for submarines, because I’ve never worked on one. On a destroyer however, you will rarely have to listen to the information you are receiving. The important parts of the data you need to process and identify will be in front of you on your monitor.

[@curtriedel5036]

My fellow STGs and I got a chance to go check out combat systems and sonar on the Arleigh Burke and we were so dejected when we got back to our sonar suite on our frigate.

[@curtriedel5036]

​@@margotrosendorn6371It's all about data. You can't do it without the math. You have formulas and equations to apply to every frequency in hertz to again apply to various equipment, blade rates, types of propeller blades, number of blades, auxiliary equipment, speed, etc that would be impossible otherwise. You crunch the numbers and check your frequencies to determine exactly What type of contact you have. Actual "hearing" doesn't even come into it.

[@wheatpuff]

I like chief's deadpan response to XO where he's like " I can go get it if you want..." haha. The content you are able to deliver on this channel is really amazing.

[@Excaliber158]

The best part was how disinterested he seemed until it was obvious you were understanding and genuinely interested in what he was saying. He opened up, smiled more, and became very passionate as he spoke. I see this is so many engineers, and especially Destin in every video.

[@danielmann6772]

An introverted life. Dull, bland and quiet... UNTIL you get them talking about their passion. We become animated, excited & completely different people. Want to see a reclusive person do a happy dance in public? Be like Destin in this video: listen, engage & deep dive in the subject matter.

[@discretelycontinuous2059]

He's used to mainpy talking to people who don't have the familiarity with mathematics to easily pick up the concepts being explained

[@Pkarchpray16]

This is about normal for bubbleheads, worked alongside them for awhile when i was in the Navy, weird guys but super smart. so smart they cant walk across the street unsupervised.

[@ismalinkin]

we engineers are humans but God just built us different

[@purplemossclump5505]

@@discretelycontinuous2059 This. I can't believe more people haven't figured this out yet.

[@Zappyguy111]

"It's unclassified, it's in an unclassified manual, I'll run over and grab it for you right now." Man, this guy loves his work. Wish I had a job like that.

[@brenj]

When you're in the military, knowing everything about your job is a requirement.

[@zakop999]

@@brenj Facts, also being knowledgeably and competent in your field is a great feeling.

[@DaManBearPig]

questionable, he's a submariner, they all hate their lives, they're just there to survive their deployment and see the sun again and maybe get some fresh air and some puss

[@Zappyguy111]

@@desolater010 It's in the 10 year plan.

[@BryanTorok]

@@desolater010 Lots of folks, perhaps most, end up in the job they can get, the one that they perceive as attainable. I know where I'd like to be, but often I don't know how to get there from where I am. OR, I might know that I need 6 years of college (that I can't afford) while I have to work a job that pays enough to support my family. Often, the course we are on is set by decisions we made years ago when we didn't understand all the ramifications or couldn't see the larger world. Sometimes those decisions were made for us by our parents.

[@andrewdean1229]

This was so much fun to watch as a former Submarine Sonar Tech STS2/SS on the same class of boat I was twisting with the Chief as to how I would answer without tipping my hand. Knowing the answers gave it twice the entertainment value. Thanks for the video, I now have another great place to point friends that want to know what I did on the boat.

[@ubernate860]

Cool. Thanks for serving with our Navy - Marine

[@marcellsimon6742]

Maybe you could provide some insight, then... why was there so much handwringing about revealing classified info, when it seemed that they were literally just explaining what sonar is and how it works? I mean this was mostly wave dynamics, surely this has long been taught in engineering courses, and at no point were they describing the capabilities of the vessel... so what gives?

[@andrewdean1229]

@@marcellsimon6742 Quite simple, knowing the physics vs knowing how to process them are two completely different knowledge sets

[@jaysnow701]

​@@andrewdean1229i also imagine it is difficult to figure out what will help a sub safely navigate water versus helping them find you.

[@Shubham-fn3pj]

@@andrewdean1229 man can u guys talk about the info with ur friends/family. it must be really difficult.

[@thelthrythquezada8397]

Telling you man, this is my FAVORITE series to watch at work before my shift starts.

[@Eadric_The_Wild]

Is your name really spelt with an ash like that? very cool if so. it's a shame we don't use æ anymore because it's a nice looking letter with a nice sound.

[@emosewasikcin]

"so what _is_ a submarine?" "i'm afraid thats classified"

[@spoony49]

It is was it is

[@hedgehog3180]

There's a secret team of linguists working on that in area 51, they're also trying to figure out what the V in CVN stands for.

[@adityamathur6938]

@@hedgehog3180 Cute Viking Nudity

[@cryptearth]

well - that's an easy one - submarine is just some fancy new english term the Beatles came up with in the late 60s to not have it mistaken for a german u-boat ... aw - sorry - I know that's not as funny as yours - but hey, at least I gave it a try ^.^

[@joseywales3789]

@NICK IS AWESOME, best ask John Phillip Holland...... that guy described it as a ship that sinks.... but more importantly, re-floats! Interesting Guy ....

[@TheTwitch616]

I love how Garrett just started nerding out with Destin. Even pushing back on the executive officer about classified status to go into more detail with him

[@tiladx]

That's one thing I loved about being in the Navy. The best officers were not afraid to admit when they were wrong, and encouraged the senior enlisted and other officers to firmly, but politely, challenge them, like how the Chief challenged the XO.

[@406Steven]

I loved the "I'll show you the manual" part. Sounds like the type of stuff I say all of the time and people just call me an @$$. "No, really, just listen--I'm right."

[@spencerquimby4726]

One way you can potentially solve the multi-return issue is using what's called a band-pass filter. If you know what the object you are hunting is made of, you can anticipate the frequencies that will have the highest energy on return. Steel will return different dominant frequencies than say ice or mud. You can frequency filter your return data to give you the true target.

[@MattH-wg7ou]

I imagine if you have a passive cue you can at least filter out the active returns that arent in a similar azimuth/elevation as as the passive cue. But still, the passive cue has it's own multipath problems. Its like, if you know where it is, you know where to look, but if you know where it is you dont need to look. Hmm. Im sure there are fancy computers that take all these things into account and fuse the data from multiple sensors and narrow down the error possibilities automatically. Neat stuff.

[@spencerquimby4726]

@@MattH-wg7ou *ONI would like to know your location*

[@MattH-wg7ou]

@@spencerquimby4726 seriously though if I should delete that I will. Im not in the Navy and not read into any Navy programs. Just asking questions that came to mind.

[@spencerquimby4726]

@Matt H lol just a joke man haha. I work with commercial grade sonar pretty regularly.

[@markgray1089]

A lot of these problems can be overcome by frequency agile sonar.

[@burnmybread4985]

Fascinating watching this as a sonar technician in the navy. Most of the things they discuss are the basics and I can infer the things the chief can’t talk about but it’s cool seeing a civilian trying to decipher and create a picture on how we operate.

[@brockobama257]

“I’m in Kindergarten” “That’s where we wanna keep ya” “I’m impressed how fast you got the bearing rate thing”

[@SondreGrneng]

Honestly, I'm kinda impressed by that too. I understood it when Destin explained it, but the fact that he got it from what little the guy told him is genuinely impressive. Though, I suppose he perhaps had an idea already and it just pushed it forefront in his mind.

[@manp1039]

@@SondreGrneng i am supposing he had already researching the subject quite a bit before boarding the sub.

[@user-mv2nn6rw2w]

It's... quite easy to get if you play fps video games, and have some basic knowledge in reading graphs.

[@SondreGrneng]

@@user-mv2nn6rw2w Not entirely sure how playing fps games would help but you do you.

[@user-mv2nn6rw2w]

@@SondreGrneng Because nearly every fps game have bearing markers to help you keep track of where objectives are without you having to open minimaps? Have you played any?

[@jflight1691]

I'm starting to get a better appreciation for how busy Destin was when he was on the submarine for 24 hours. Fire drills, pizza night, sonar diagrams, getting stuffed in a torpedo tube, and I can't wait for [REDACTED].

[@psyche141]

Yeah, me too. I especially like the part where he discussed [REDACTED] and went on to ramble about [REDACTED] too!

[@tolga1cool]

He was only on there for 24 hours?

[@phillxor]

@@Methoverbitches no, I'm pretty sure it was 24hrs

[@MerthanE]

Actually he [DATA EXPUNGED]

[@kilikus822]

@@phillxor He says in another video that he's hot racking with either the CO or the XO. I don't know exactly how long but I'm pretty sure it was more than 24 hours.

[@hughgautier3894]

When I was stationed on the USNS Guantanamo Bay, Cuba we used to drop a sonar down to 11000' giving us the different temperatures in the water. We had a sonar set on the bottom of the Caribbean that we could set to test ships' sonar operator on that particular piece of equipment for a period of 8 hours. In other words, no swapping out operators because they don't all work the same way. These tests went on for up to 3 days so we could test all sonar operators. Also, our shore-based operators would give bearing and range to a target in degrees, minutes, and seconds for a very accurate reading and the had to be within 5' of a target attached to the jackstaff on the bow of the ship (a DDE). There was one time when the ship had to turn so that it would not encroach into Cuban waters, as the target was disappearing I let CIC know I was losing the target but could see the light on the top of that jackstaff. I was told after the test was done the guys on the ship laughed at my response until the shore-based station told them that I was 1/2" off of the center of the target. That shut them up, and I said I could see the light again then read my reading and they were told I was dead on the target. Someone in CIC learned a fast lesson that day.

[@foobarmaximus3506]

Start your own channel maybe? lol

[@NoobPatel]

You probably just leaked classified information 😬

[@thelastone6255]

Man the sound and that yellow boat literally gave me goose bumps and had me looking around my house

[@Colorblindginger]

would love to see a compilation of the executive officer shutting down the conversation

[@MrDileepkoppu]

Would probably be a bunch of "that's a no go" at different camera angles. 😂

[@Bishop1091]

Destin is smart. So there will be a few KZbin vids about him getting cut off. The problems of asking smart questions

[@AndrewMeyer]

Presumably those parts of the conversation would have been deleted from the recording during the review process.

[@shadowstorm657]

Same

[@romoalex]

It would be boring

[@AstonishingStudios]

Jalapeno Popper guy is officially the best guy on board.

[@x--.]

Right. Knowledgeable and professional. Humility that you want in a guy who *must* get it right for everyone to come home alive.

[@elmikeomysterio5496]

I ain't even that far, but I agree on principal.

[@CaptainObv1ous]

Facts lmao 😂!

[@demonslayer5613]

Thats chief to you shipmate

[@americafuckyea2789]

Why are you jalapinhisbusiness?

[@NukeFinity]

It never ceases to amaze me how much effort, time, research and knowledge we put into killing each other.

[@iwantmyvanback]

The bearing rate graph was a mind bending realization for me. Especially when the sub started to rotate 360° and the surrounding craft were plotted around it. I now have an immense respect for these submariners.

[@jack52530]

You could actually see the dude's brain working, thinking "how can i say this in both simple terms and not give away state secrets" lol

[@kimchi2780]

I worked for the government and used to have to do this to explain why I was working late or if someone asked me what I did.

[@stephenbeck7222]

Like the DoD version of the startup tech guys Destin interviewed a couple years ago with the VR gloves.

[@ericvacca551]

Seriously. The mental calculus Destin made this guy do was insane.

[@deanwoodward8026]

1) Can I answer that? 2) Can I answer it in a way Destin (and his audience) will be able to understand it?

[@rztrzt]

The military classifies stuff that some civilians know way more about, military intelligence is an oxymoron.

[@Willaev]

Destin: “So do you guys-“ XO: “That’s a no-go.”

[@Sorent1993]

Destin: "so i went on Google and found this"

[@Willaev]

@@Sorent1993 I remember when I was briefed on classifications they said “even if it’s unclassified and you can find it on Google, don’t tell them they can find it on Google.” Lol.

[@melodyqueen6432]

Pretty sure that was "--monitor passive RADAR??"

[@cincybeck]

@@Willaev If it's unclassified, it's unclassified and can be released to individuals without a clearance. If it's classified even if you can find it online, you do not confirm that the information is correct or tell people where they can find it.

[@consubandon]

@@melodyqueen6432 ...or one a few dozen other things we do on subs. Cheers.

[@ChrisDemchuk]

This guy Garrett seems like a really cool guy. I can tell he really understands the importance, appreciates and is so enthusiastic about what he does.

[@azulamagnificent7601]

the only channel where sponsor talk is not irritating and not a skip. It's always a good recommendation. Thanks.

[@cclsjhieber]

If you’re not watching this with headphones, Destin has done the sound in stereo to match the bearing rate graphs

[@teachertechnology1]

Pluging them on right now!

[@charlescoult]

I felt like I was cheating when he tested us on the graphs

[@remple1769]

Wow thats an awesome detail

[@armankhouzani9575]

Student: Excuse me, is this going to be in the exam? Teacher: I am afraid that is classified.

[@OmarChida]

You comment made my day 😂

[@danielmann6772]

Hahahahahahahah!!!

[@Catbat]

Some of the most addictive series I’ve seen! Couldn’t get enough of it!!

[@marcelinocastillo2871]

I just discovered this channel and I couldn’t stop watching video after video! As a mechanical engineer in Mexico I have had the opportunity of working in aerospace and automotive, but watching these series is one step way above and they are a really good learning tool for me as well really entertaining…love this channel! Greetings from Mexico!

[@user-dr6vs7ot3q]

Great to know that Mexicorn engineers getting their education from you tube..

[@TheLoserface45]

Smarter Every Day is the only channel where I can learn about pecans with dad AND potentially dangerous military information in the same place and that’s the kind of content I need

[@aligatorsandcrickets]

We all agree

[@swrennie]

@@aligatorsandcrickets Thanks to you and my curiosity and ongoing quest for all available unprofitable information, I have discovered that alligators eat crickets. Thanks!

[@Slicknick003]

How come I can sit here for 26 minutes and actually focus and learn but when it comes to online school I struggle😂. Just shows you do such an amazing job

[@johnwolf1475]

Absolutely he makes math fun...

[@Project_VideoGame]

if its not boring, you learn

[@FishSnackems]

It's because he makes it intresting. Some guy with a monotone voice spouting equations isn't intresting, but some guy with a fascination genuinely enjoying it is

[@thysonsacclaim]

Because you're not learning. People watch these videos on KZbin and then think they're super confident about whatever it is--that they now can do or understand the thing. But studies have shown that after about 24 hours to 1 week, you've learned nothing. Further, we tend to overestimate our ability to understand or do things when we watch other people do them in videos. "Oh I can do that--it's simple now that I know how". But knowing how and actually developing the physical or mental ability to perform that task are very different things.

[@geddon436]

@@thysonsacclaim are you saying after a week of learning material someone has not learned anything?

[@LouT1501]

I found your videos in this series by accident and have thoroughly enjoyed them. Submarine service in the Navy is somewhat shrouded in secrecy and story. You helped bring to light the day to day life aboard one. I am impressed at how tight conditions are aboard the ship; it would take some getting used to. Thank you!

[@weakestkeebs1944]

Im sorry but seeing dustin having to dance around questions and all that makes this video so much more entertaining

[@tylerpedigo2938]

When you “unwrapped” that graph, that made so many things click for me. Awesome video Destin

[@tobyhallidie1498]

Agreed. When he said this how it works, I thought with an hour or two I could figure it out but then the diagrams did that in less than a minute.

[@smartereveryday]

@@tobyhallidie1498 A team of us worked on that. Thank you for Patreon support that makes it possible!

[@-............................h]

it is important to learn

[@damonlandsdown]

There are so many things with Sonar which are available out there if you look, it's all very fascinating. Future Sonar maintainer and operator here

[@damonlandsdown]

@@smartereveryday Thank you for what you do. You were asking all the right questions and I'd suggest reading about target motion analysis, you would find it very interesting.

[@gabrielzeifman]

“Are you buffering right now?” Yup...

[@nightmaresgate5020]

I love everything about this video series, many moons ago I was actually an anti-submarine warfare technician for the navy. I have a strange question for you though, where did you get the hydrophone sound effects you used in this video. I would love to use some of those in my haunted house.

[@bobf4765]

SS1/2 77-80 - You?

[@Ratchet2022]

@@bobf4765 I am SSJ3!

[@bobf4765]

@@Ratchet2022 I was in VP4 out of Barber's Pt, HI. What squadron & where? I was radar qual'd for CC flights, got me a free ride home!

[@thlimtherm6702]

You catch on to stuff so quickly. It’s honestly really impressive. I fly on the P-8 and I’d love to fly with you and see how you wrap your mind around what we do. I recommend looking it up (if you aren’t already aware)

[@clutchsharp2343]

actually I was wondering how radars work looking downwards into the ocean!

[@chartphred1]

I still don't understand why they did away with the MAD boom on the P3 when moving to the P8 I remember at the beginning of the pandemic a RAAF P8 spent over an hour doing circuits over our city at low level late one night when there were no other aircraft flying. It was totally blacked out, but when it flew over my home there was one tiny downwards facing light, very weird. Often wondered what sort of data they were collecting?

[@thlimtherm6702]

@@clutchsharp2343 they don’t penetrate the water, just the surface

[@thlimtherm6702]

@@chartphred1 The RAAF were probably in a holding pattern. The light was most likely a red light that is just an indicator that the plane's engines are on :) As for the MAD, the Navy decided that they didn't want it

[@philwellsify]

Thank you Destin!! My grandfather always dreamt of being a submariner in the Navy. He had medical conditions which rendered him "Non-serviceable" and has been devastated for the past 40+ years that he was never able to realize and accomplish his dream. I've put all of your Submarine videos on a disc for him and my grandmother has told me that he has studied these videos religiously. He now feels closer than ever to being a submariner and is in absolute LOVE with this series. Thank you for allowing his dream to become somewhat of a reality vicariously through you! Much love and Holiday Blessings from Texas. We ARE Smarter Every Day with your channel. Thank you and God Bless you and your family.

[@vgbondarev]

Teach him to play Cold Waters. He will love it.

[@mamavswild]

That made me cry

[@flyerminer]

This is one of those channels that makes the internet so valuable. Through Destin and his learning/teaching journey, he allows us to meet people and experience things that in no other way would the average person be able to do. Climbing aboard a US nuclear sub? Never thought I'd see the inside of one. Even more of a pleasure to meet the people on board vicariously. Thank you Destin for the work you do, it really is important.

[@nerys71]

Hard contact. maximum signal minimum noise content!

[@nk6197]

Same with a channel called The Great Big Story. It unfortunately ended this year.

[@tadasandriekus1941]

Thank you Destin!

[@TheStowAway594]

Such an amazing series, I can't believe the NAVY let him do that, and actually allowed him to share so much with all of us. Sometimes it's better and safer for most people not to know.

[@TypicalDutchSaysHi]

The stuff they allowed to be shared is public knowledge. We know, they know so to say. The stuff they don’t want to share didn’t make it onto this video. As was said on the video with the manual review “you can find this on Google”

[@kiritotheabridgedgod4178]

To be fair, this sort of stuff also acts as a sort of psychological/cyber warfare as well.

[@stephenhoover4095]

The way Garrett said Nice @15:15 made it clear he had respect for Destins understanding of the subject.

[@Texasbluesalley]

Folks, this is teaching at its finest. Amazing work.

[@hd-notoriety3224]

ikr

[@JoshuaRennig]

agreed

[@JoshuaRennig]

here's another reminder that you left this comment, it actually got a good amount of likes :)

[@edydaou]

Is it just me or everyone wish to see Destin on the ISS one day.

[@KX36]

I fear his head might explode. Man gets excited!

[@cosirpi2081]

@@KX36 LMAO ikr

[@professorsypher6174]

Next thing you know he is getting heavily redacted for asking about asteroid prevention protocols. Lmao!

[@SolarWebsite]

This sub videos someties feel like some of the submariners wish he'd be on the ISS instead of asked them questions. They are friendly, but there is sure some unease when Destin asks questions, especially in this video.

[@KangJangkrik]

I wish NASA can bring him for free

[@mercuriomercado7314]

Hey Destin, thank you very very much about these submarine series! It was extremely interesting for me to watch them and I also learned a lot. It'll be nice to see more on a similar topic. Thank you once again!

[@zhuzzir]

This also got me wondered how "a picture" painted in an animal (or human, blinded) that relies on acoustically "to see" the world around them as what being visually painted in our mind from visual stimulus by the eyes! In the end, there's whole different world being seen by others although we're "looking" at the same thing at the same time! Whew, hopefully I got that last part right (as I hopes the others "sees" as my thought). Thank you for the vid n learning, this opened not only technological knowledge but also a whole lots of philosophical meaning n answers to me.

[@jubjub567]

“You can’t say that” “Yeah I can it’s declassified..I’ll show you” .... Destin: *Yeah this is big brain time*

[@SVSky]

Trust that the officers have in their men, and the fact the men don't fear their officers is a great thing.

[@K71421]

@@SVSky So true

[@GareebScientist]

This Submarine series is beautiful ❤️

[@GareebScientist]

Like really beautiful ❤️

[@ashokiimc]

Hey Gareeb.

[@cybergeek5476]

Why did you name yourself gareeb?

[@GareebScientist]

@@ashokiimc hello

[@GareebScientist]

@@cybergeek5476 gyaan ki Gareebi

[@cpruns4501]

This was amazing. I loved the idea of the matrix as you can totally see that before long you wouldn't even see "boats" you should just see lines on a graph and just know exactly what is happening around you. I love stuff like this. Really well done bud! Keep up the great work.

[@gstev1]

I thoroughly enjoyed the series, i am a retired from the Army and loved the nuances of living on a Sub. Thank you for the effort and the great questions. I enjoyed watching the sonar video and watching you skirt the classified line. very educational. I was cool to see the latitude that the Dept. of the Navy gave you for this series. I am a fan with a subscription.

[@AlexHouse4]

I love his "Nice" after you had to cut your question out. I'm in love with this series because your walking the line of classified.

[@BoserPSN]

He’s actually a Soviet spy who built this whole channel for this one mission

[@yahya9889]

Lmaoo

[@shruthisrikumar5907]

Nice joek

[@ZaHandle]

Planned on 1990, executed in 2020-2021

[@gvardiecky9507]

i mean, unpropable, but possible

[@Music_Engineering]

You could also just learn all this signal stuff from electrical engineering by focusing on signal processing :D

[@dalekallio902]

Wonderful demo of contact, bearing and velocity. The counter-intuitive explained gracefully🖖🏻

[@wesleyjamison4442]

This is really a good series. Here on St Croix USVI they use to have a navy tracking station, one of the things they done was pass navy vessels by and listen to all the mechanical system to see what may need to be scheduled for maintenance.

[@decrobyron]

Submariner 1. knows what he is doing 2. knows very well he even mentions the source material book name. (and knows classified or not) I call it he professionally nailed it.

[@rustindudley3564]

If you ever talk to anyone that has worked on a sub the level of knowledge retention is truly amazing. They can legit regurgitate pages and pages of procedures and documentation.

[@bobbieallison6450]

Dustin, I am a 73 year old female who appreciates you being such a great educator. So happy I found your site.

[@wm9355]

I want to say just how great this series of videos is but I only speak one language and sadly, there are not enough words the English language to express just how good it is! As a former member of the UK Armed Forces, on occasions, I have spent some time in a tin but as this has been either on exercise or operational, neither the time available or circumstance (or being honest, simply wanting to take the opportunity to get your head down post Db) made it appropriate to do much else while aboard. So it has been really enjoyable to see what else is going on through your videos. Kudos to the US Navy for working with you on this series.

[@jakkuwolfinsomnia8058]

I gotta love what you do, I learn so much from you and you guide me to so much useful information. I’m absolutely in love with learning new concepts, skills and methods. I really appreciate the effort you made to make this video possible. The insight was so rich so thank you. Also thanks to the US Navy team for being awesome 👍 🇺🇸🇬🇧

[@GoldenBoy661]

I love the fact that the supervisor seemed to be completely drained just by listening and figuring out what can and cant be said

[@litapd311]

he's doing his own "active listening"

[@Torpedomtb]

That guy was not a supervisor. He is an Officer and it is just a 2nd set of eyes to make sure it didnt go off into something that could expose classified info. Just worked as a backup.

[@fukkitful]

@@Torpedomtb At first I thought the executive officer being there was pointless. The Navy was going to sanitize all his data, but that wouldn't help if he learned something with the camera off. I'm surprised he wasn't just given a list of questions that were okay to ask.

[@JohnAdams-qc2ju]

​@@fukkitful Yea it was pointless, the sonar sup is the highest expert on the topic on the ship. XO is like middle management, so he had to be there even knowing he doesn't know the topic. I do wish he gave more info as he was still far away from the line on many aspects, but seems the sonar sup was too scared to do that (don't blame him) since even public info can be class'd and while you can google it if he talks about it he'd be in jail.

[@WarriorMasterTrainer]

they all seem drained. I guess living in a submarine would do that to you

[@sivispacemparabellum5077]

You know the XO was actively contemplating whether this interview would be good for his career or if it would destroy it :)

[@darkestwire]

This gave me quite the chuckle!

[@inigma_ITC]

Ya it was the ultimate "what is classified vs not" pop quiz. I think he did well.

[@kekistanimememan170]

Not really it’s all gonna get screened by a professional censor before they release anything.

[@ninjascout6839]

@@kekistanimememan170 the professional makes me laugh

[@JohnnyWortel]

@@kekistanimememan170 well its ofcourse also about what Destin learns (or rather is not allowed to learn) off camera, not just about what we get to see

[@EricPalmer_DaddyOh]

Destin, I'm amazed that you were able to even get this interview. Well explained and your graphics were awesome. Very interesting.

[@jamesfleenor4161]

Love watching your videos always very interesting and look forward to seeing more subjects covered.

[@jackleg693]

“I’d like to go back and talk to him” It’s ok dude, he knows and he’s probably very proud to have been a little part of your mathematical journey.

[@alanknight217]

When you’re on the boat you deal with varying levels of classifications and declassified info that it’s hard to remember sometimes what is classified and what isn’t.

[@Iced___]

The teacher probably isn't like that because he probably doesn't know his job involved geometry and mathematics

[@laopdr2283]

@@alanknight217 . l ....

[@Vitopa13]

Destin is on track at this point to interview the president in person at Area 51 about aliens and STILL get to film it lol. Great job.

[@ElfRulerr]

Interviewing the US president isn't quite the prestigious event it used to be...

[@mbgrafix]

I've been a subscriber of SED for years, and Destin already has interviewed a President...Obama 4 years ago.

[@Philip8888888]

This was so cool. Thanks for taking the time to make this video esp. with all the secrecy challenges!

[@blitzkrieggaming7685]

@ 6:42 You can see his face and he is just screaming, "I know too much! Dang it! What do I say? WHAT DO I SAY?!" LOL

[@rotorhead0727]

as a former sonar tech on subs, I found this HUGELY helpful. Now I just send it to everyone who asks what I did! and remember, the XO is everywhere...

[@GaryMCurran]

When he isn't tied up and stuffed in a locker somewhere on board!

[@KatieLHall-fy1hw]

So cool Dave! Love it!

[@ezra7045]

wish I had this video when I was learning

[@moustafarefaat6155]

so dave no body talk about sonar SIZE LIMIT !! i mean contact size limit.. like no body. does this classified ?? can sonar detect small things like 10 cm fish ?

[@rotorhead0727]

@@moustafarefaat6155 remember, he's discussing passive sonar, so the 'brightness' of his contact isn't based on size, but sound level. So, in dog units, a chihuahua-fish would be much brighter than Labrador-fish on the screen because of their sound output. There are some stunningly noise little critters in the water for their size.

[@dereklawr]

"i never thought i'd use geometry" this video is a top-tier advertisement to middle and high school mathematics teachers everywhere

[@Chris_at_Home]

I hated math in high school and went on to be near the top of class. my Navy Avionics School. My last job before retirement was working a big gateway satellite earth station.

[@adamkendall997]

I always hated the cliche saying, "this type of math is dumb, I'll never use it". It's always from someone struggling to improve their career and can't figure out why they're going nowhere fast.

[@kekistanimememan170]

18:13 this got me thinking about this question. And my guess would be that because the depth of the submarine is (hopefully) known you know the distance from the ice and the floor to an extent they are gonna have to know the terrain of the seabed in-which they are operating in which I imagine they do. You can figure out which return is gonna be the vessel contact. You already talked about algorithms to filter out biological noise and identify different ships don’t see why you couldn’t have it also auto correct for the multiple returns based on depth and distance to sea bed.

[@FALCONZAMORA1121]

Loved it Justin! Amazing series. Becoming smarter everyday!

[@jimmyrustle3753]

This episode felt so short despite being 26 minutes long.

[@ggkol8745]

Might have something to do with playing it at 1.5x and skipping the recap "explain a second time what we just said" parts.

[@Vik470]

Absolutely... the "shadow zone", oh my brain ....

[@AndrewWaite]

I didn't believe you till i scrolled back up

[@Nomad_za]

I agree. It felt short and I didn't skip anything! I normally hate the sponsor thing, but I know Dustin has to make cash some how, and I can't join patreon because I can't afford to.

[@SapFrupin]

Destin, I just wanted to thank you for making this video. My grandpa was a Commander in the US Navy and was heavily involved in testing sonar under the ice caps after WWII and into the Cold War. I was always so curious about what he worked on that was so top secret he could never tell us what he did. All we knew was that it must have been important because in 1999, on a bike tour around the world, he opted out of the portion in Russia because he feared there would still be people after his research. He passed away several years ago, but this video has brought me closer to understanding what my grandpa worked on. So thank you for teaching me more about my family! P.S. One story he could tell us was about when he was being chased by a polar bear while carrying 50lbs of sonar equipment. He went back the next day to measure his footsteps and each one was between 12-15 feet apart!

[@lmamakos]

I think he discovered a new training plan for Olympic track and field athletes. Forget about training at high altitudes to build lung capacity! Just keep out running the polar bear! Whoever's left makes the team.

[@cmconley33]

My grandad was a civilian contractor for the Navy, with Westinghouse-the company that made the Navy’s nuclear reactors. My grandad’s specialty was metallurgical engineering, specifically, how the structure of metal alloys changes under the intense nuclear radiation found inside a reactor, and how to detect those changes. So he actually helped to design the reactor vessel on the USS Nautilus...something we didn’t learn until many years later, once that reactor design had become obsolete.

[@BlackEpyon]

@@lmamakos You don't need to outrun the polar bear, you just need to outrun the other guy.

[@nikkiofthevalley]

I'm amazed he could outrun a polar bear, the things are suprisingly fast and highly aggressive in the wild.

[@richieewinns]

10:24 that was actually a really good analogy to visualize bearing rate graphs.

[@martincontino1404]

Fabulous video. Such great insight into a rear technology many don't know a lot about. Great job.

[@spoony49]

As a submariner, you did a great job on this video. The bearing over time visual was a great product that gives people a way to see what we see on board. Also great job explaining how sound works. There's so much that goes into it but you did a great job. Bravo Zulu 👏👏👏

[@dean3188]

Why are so much stuff classified, like what is the Navy trying to protect? Can one not just find "classified" info on the internet?

[@rolfbjorn9937]

@@dean3188 Operational and national safety obviously. If the methods and functions of equipment were to be leaked, it could lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. You also have to account for the unforeseable. Someone might exploit information that seems harmless. So keeping a tight lid and some obscurity around information is adding a layer of safety.

[@dumdum93]

A CSGO weeb is also a submariner? Yeah right

[@athmaid]

No offence but the looks of your account don't really make that statement plausible lol

[@jamilbarbee6169]

@@rolfbjorn9937 I'm pretty sure that most things a submarine can do is common knowledge among other superpowers especially Russia and Germany

[@DanGoodShotHD]

"Did you find this information entertaining and accurate?" "I can neither confirm nor deny." I was docked next to the Toledo. USS Springfield SSN 761I This series brings back some fond memories. Keep up the good work. Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to all.

[@Markevans36301]

Funny, I've been a free man for close to 40 years and still say "I can neither confirm nor deny".

[@jcubed3d378]

30 years since I sailed on the USS Ohio SSBN 726. Use that phrase all the time. Watching has kind of been like coming home.

[@JimHopper]

this is such an amazing video series - thank you so much!

[@djones0105]

Wow! That just changed my whole perspective with sound and sonar. Very awesome!

[@johnxsantos]

Love your channel man! You just unpacked a difficult topic while also not getting sent to the Gulag.

[@neurofiedyamato8763]

The closest US equivalent would be Guantanamo bay XD

[@randomdude189]

@@neurofiedyamato8763 or a liberal college campus lol

[@wille020201]

@@catseyes2334 cod

[@TheHannes]

Probably would've given him a in deph view of the torpedo fire sequence, first person view, more than the vid on it if you know what I mean.

[@worldoftancraft]

@@catseyes2334 oh yeah. AN ANother, archetypical Internet victim of zee damned Gulag. And of course "God bless America", because how it is possible to not finish like that?

[@flyingcheff]

Love this channel!! Btw, ATC (air traffic control) could have shown you this without all the cloak and dagger. Of course in water ops may be more complex due to more extreme pressures/temps in water, making for this excellent show! Very cool episode, love what you're doing.

[@rexx9496]

This series is literally one of the best things I've EVER seen on KZbin.

[@crice7sh]

Mr. Andrews was my XO at Prototype when I came back for shore duty. He's an extremely smart and wonderful man.

[@smartereveryday]

He was very kind to me. He let me sleep in his room.

[@crice7sh]

@@smartereveryday I'm a huge fan and am having difficulties believing I actually got a response from you. As a member of the submarine community, I am in love with this series. I appreciate the work you're doing and love knowing you're helping people get smarter every day.

[@Smokeyxz]

Cameron you lucky dog. Destin is awesome and thank you for your service.

[@crice7sh]

@@Smokeyxz Thank you for paying your taxes... helps to keep the military world going 'round. I hope you had a wonderful holiday season, Sir. I agree, Destin is pretty great.

[@KX36]

@@smartereveryday Well the nights at sea get cold and lonely you know... ;-)

[@nyeleskettes]

-"I would love to go back and talk to my math teacher but i can't." -How so? -"Its classified."

[@Unknown15916]

Then you would have to kill your teacher. - Old Naval Joke

[@foobarmaximus3506]

I told him, but then I had to off him. So he's no longer with us. LOL

[@pitopintogorgorito4309]

This kind of content is what makes KZbin worth

[@TheWuseln]

Dustin, you are doing such an amazing good job with your videos, thank You!

[@thefishstick]

Sir am I allowed to sit here? "I'm afraid that's classified"

[@RexusprimeIX]

So, do I just stand here then? "That's classified information"

[@Stev646]

Sir what the heck do I do then? “That’s right where we want you”

[@googleit1370]

The progress from "you're partially right but mostly wrong" to "it's 100 percent unclassified manual, I can go grab it if you want" shows that with humbleness and right attitude in a conversation you can win anyone over! Dustin you're amazing!

[@ricktatum]

I would like to thank you very much for making this video, I've always been curious how a submarine navigate underneath the ocean. This was a fascinating learning video.

[@christophertame8991]

I have now watched all the videos for the Submarine Series ... just fascinating ... I will watch some of your other content you give everything a great perspective.