How the Saturn V Broke into Pieces Launching to the Moon

[@Guitarfollower22]

It's really not too complicated...just press the Space Bar per decoupler

[@wingsofwrath4647]

Unless you messed up your staging queue - then it's "back to Vehicle Assembly Building".

[@Folker46590]

I didn't pay attention to what she said, I was to biz staring at her big tits.

[@giancarlotuttone1222]

the 3 comments i came here for! :D

[@mikewizz1895]

​@@wingsofwrath4647 God i hate it when i deploy my parachute while meaning to separate my 1st stage

[@tonyrigido2351]

@FridayGood lol way to be subtle eh?

[@AakashKalaria]

Life is like a rocket, you live through different stages and when it's over you leave that stage behind. But you carry things and people which matter most till the end of the journey.

[@doggonemess1]

+Aakash Kalaria Yep, and along the way we turn fuel into lots and lots of hot gas. Too bad we don't tend to lose weight as we age, though. :)

[@JohnnyC01]

@@doggonemess1 Well it's up to us if we want to lose weight even when we age. :)

[@phroged2255]

That’s deep

[@Dash22212]

True

[@NeilRieck]

Hey, I personally witnessed all launches from Apollo 14 through Apollo 17 from the corner of highways one and 50 at Titusville, Florida.

[@theholderscock]

Very lucky. 2 years later i find thid comment. Lol

[@thestateofalaska]

your eyeliner is on POINT

[@gkcooper]

When I am sitting on my living room sofa I can see the Saturn V stack on display at the USSRC. I live in the neighborhood across the street from it in Huntsville. I never take it for granted. Great Job on your videos!

[@brandonfleming7118]

+Greg Cooper i live 30mins away from it i guess we're lucky!

[@WilliamJakespeareProps]

I recently saw the saturn V at Kennedy Space center and wanted to know why it was never launched after they went through all the trouble of building the hardware? Was it really that much more expensive to actually use it? I asked an employee but they didn't know the answer and just started rambling about the hubble telescope.

[@retrofan42]

that might have been a backup for one of the missions or was supposed to be used for Apollo 18 19 or 20 before those missions got cancelled.

[@Fungamerplays]

+William Jakespeare They didn't really have any missions to fly, I guess and as soon as the Space Shuttle launched, that of course became the way to go.

[@CountArtha]

+William Jakespeare There were supposed to be ten Apollo landings, but three of them were cancelled. One of the leftover Saturn Vs was used to launch Skylab, but the rest were never used.

[@SDGreg]

+William Jakespeare - The answer is President Nixon and his administration trying to cut costs. His administration almost cut Apollo 16 and 17. A key reason why those missions were not cut was because it would have impacted employment in California and Nixon wanted to make sure he carried California in the 1972 election. For Apollo 18 all the hardware was just about built, the CSM, rover and the LM was almost completed when the mission was cut. The only cost savings for cutting Apollo-18 was operation expense. For Apollo-19 they had the Saturn-V but the other hardware (CSM, rover and LM) never got assembled so you had a greater savings. The CMS-115 which was intended for Apollo-18 is displayed at the Johnson Space Center on the Saturn-V display. Apollo-20 was cut so the Saturn-V could be used to launch Skylab. Also keep in mind you are seeing at the Kennedy Space Center a Saturn-V made up of different serial numbers for it's stages and the 1st stage you did see was never a flight stage. It was the S-IC-T which was used for static firing of the F1 engines of the Marshall Space Flight Center for testing purposes. The actual S-IC-14 which was the 1st stage for SA-514 which would have been the Apollo-18 LV is at the Johnson Space Center. The 2nd and 3rd stages at Kennedy are part of SA-514.

[@erltyriss6820]

The Saturn rockets were a master piece of engineering. Thank you for the technical review.

[@TheGroundedAviator]

Imagine if they kept developing it like planned?

[@lonniepaulson7031]

When I was a kid I launched some multi-stage Estes rockets. They were put together very simply. You had two stages with fins and the engines were taped together with the second engine started to ignite the first stage would drop off with the motor.

[@paschalconneely2374]

+Lonnie Paulson Just like a sounding rocket! Have you ever seen AirCommandRockets on KZbin? they build multistage water rockets that are very impressive. I messed around with their staging mechanism on tiny water rockets but my messing with rockets is mostly done in Kerbal now.

[@matriks9]

Do you have any plans to cover the vintage side of the Russian space program? It's always interesting to compare the different ways people traveled to space.

[@doggonemess1]

+POLLVX I second that motion.

[@curbowman]

+POLLVX The best historian of the Russian side of the space history us Anatoly Zak. His site has everything, from before the firsts flights to the current missions and developments. read it all at www.russianspaceweb.com

[@1Barsamian]

Why

[@TheStig_TG]

@@1Barsamian He explained why 😂

[@splashdown50]

The engineering behind the design of the lift arm / hold down arms releasing the Saturn during launch all coordinated to operate simultaneously, the coordination of explosive bolts between the stages, AND the guillotine that sliced the wiring harness between the lunar lander decent stage and the assent stage fascinate me. I might even say they sort of frighten me...... "they gotta work right".

[@johndenugent4185]

Good commen,t but two important typos: it is supposed to be "descent" and "ascent".....

[@KlunkerRider]

2:03 "get ready for a little jolt fellas"

[@AllysWorld05]

+KlunkerRider "that was some little jolt"

[@don312000]

+AllysWorld05 +KlunkerRider if I remember correctly, the reason the ride on Apollo XIII was so rough was that the stage-separation retros fired a fraction or two sooner than they should have, and the physical connection between the stages hadn't been severed yet.

[@triskellian]

Always great to watch your videos.I love how you make the content fun to watch also! By the way,the background music adds to the charm of your channel. Cheers!

[@MiguelAPerez]

Great video. Visuals were super cool and helped a lot in understanding the different stages.

[@davidtravers2882]

Great show. I worked at KSC for 25 years and thought I knew a lot but watching your videos I have learned a whole lot more. Thanks

[@QuadroVF]

You forgot to explain of why the 5th engine got shut down while other 4 were still working right before the separations, it's been made specially to reduce overG from all that engines thrust power on a crew at the last moment, because those engines were not thruttle-controlled (always firing on a most max power basically) and as a result the rocket's TWR (thrust-weight ratio) was getting higher and higher each second while fuel getting lower and lower on that particullar stage, rising G forces to an extreme.

[@AmyShiraTeitel]

I almost always have a blog post that goes along with these videos and adds more details. That's in the blog!

[@QuadroVF]

Oh.. my bad, I must be missed that.. Thank you for all your effort and dedication! ^^

[@Elijah.Goodwin]

Do u have any vids in the ''astronauts'' who piloted X-15s ?

[@williamhayden7711]

Still I appreciate the comment. Thanks.

[@JohnMorley1]

As the weight goes down the thrust is maybe too much. Just guessing but I was sort of expecting engines to get shut down like that for that reason. But on the second stage rather than the first. 10 kilos of thrust from 2 kilos of rocket is 4 g of acceleration at the start. Whereas 10 kg of thrust from 5kg of rocket is 1 G acceleration

[@jeffbird2983]

I'm old enough to remember Gemini and Apollo. I love these videos. They bring back great memories of those times. Thank you very much for making them.

[@dazuk1969]

Watching Saturn 5 never get old. It was an absolute beast of a rocket. Nice vid, well explained....peace to ya.

[@heidirichter]

Very interesting, thank you. Personally I'd love an episode on the 'computers' they used in the Mercury and Apollo missions, I know a bit about them and how different they were to what we now consider computers, but I'm sure you could do an excellent job on the topic!

[@moehoward01]

Troy Wilkins I agree. It would be an interesting comparison to today's tech. I understand that, at least today's NASA deliberately uses older, more proven technology to reduce the risk of an unexpected glitch spoiling a multi-million dollar mission

[@TheTeufelhunden68]

I would like to see that as well.

[@LKokos]

I'm Amy Manley, fly safe. (starts playing ukalale outro)

[@dilloncornett1539]

+Rotov & Kosov Kanal THE DREAM

[@himynameisRoss11]

+Kevin Vandy isnt it "Hulloo"?

[@whiplash7400]

Scott manley has a wife and kids.

[@peterknutsen3070]

LKoos But her hairstyle is extremely inefficient!

[@victorharris4405]

💀

[@Mishn0]

The term "ullage" refers to the air space at the top of a barrel's contents. If you're buying beer by the barrel you don't want to be paying for a lot of ullage. In zero G, the air (or whatever pressurizing gas that was used, helium?) and fuel/oxidizer is all intermixed so the ullage rockets form ullage by creating artificial G to force the fuel/oxidizer to the bottom of the tank and the ullage up to the top.

[@6612770]

Mishn0 Never heard of ullage motors. Do you mean that the fuel must be sitting 'towards the tail end' of the stage before it can be ignited? Why? Is it to ensure the fuel pumps are primed?

[@camicus-3249]

It's so the fuel can actually flow into the engine; liquids don't like behaving and moving through pipes if they can float around instead.

[@ChristopherUSSmith]

The CSM used nitrogen, the LM used helium to pressurize their fuel lines.

[@JohnMorley1]

Very interesting. I had imagined there was no air and suction pumps were just reducing the pressure generally in the fuel. I had assumed there was still fuel in them when they were spent and it was just too low a pressure. But then that means they must have the same problem big time when firing in space. They must need more of those ullage engines and that also means there must be another fuel source somewhere for those ullage engines. Every new piece of information prompts more questions.

[@RobinCernyMitSuffix]

small solid rockets are used as ullage motors (some more on the S-IVB stage, because it had to be fired more than once). The LEM and CM/SM used their RCS system to "ullage"

[@notsmith6158]

Finally one of the space KZbinrs I follow pronounces ullage correctly!

[@dan.vitale]

I like there are so many who love the Saturn V as much (and more!!!) than I do. Thanks Amy. Always love hearing new stuff about such an amazing vehicle.

[@chrisv4496]

Amy, I'd love to hear your opinion on the AMAZING achievement of SpaceX today (Apr 8), namely the landing of the first Falcon stage on the drone ship in the ocean. Great video as always!

[@jakehowell9394]

+Chris V +Amy Shira Teitel (Vintage Space) YES PLEASE DO! and good idea bro!

[@whateverthing71]

+Chris V There would have to be a vintage tie-in for it to fit Amy's mission statement. But I'm sure we wouldn't hold it against her if she wanted to cheat a little.

[@ashemgold]

2:45 Love, love, LOVE the retro animation. Straight out of my childhood. Does this make me "vintage"? Would Amy be interested??? No. Ok... I'll see myself out.

[@scottspoerlein1650]

Using Estes black powder engines are straight forward.....the delay charge is omitted in the first stage and is friction fitted directly to the second stage. The ejection charge from the first stage ignites the second stage. It gets vastly more complex using composite engines and generally uses electronics to ignite a second stage or a zero stage sustainer (2 or more outboards firing first then dropping with a core engine to boost the rocket to apogee). Love your vids!!!!!

[@DMSDrummer]

I love how you are so popular on KZbin, but you always reply to comments!

[@AmyShiraTeitel]

+DMSDrummer Cheers! I try to jump in as much as I can. I want to help maintain a positive conversation about these topics, and also let you guys know I do see what you're saying about me! :)

[@crazypiggy9452]

+Amy Shira Teitel (Vintage Space) SpaceX did it do a vid on it

[@frankpearce2014]

hey, I love your videos and hope someday I can be a space engineer on the international space station. I'm 15 so I have a long way to go, do you have any tips in how I can get a carrier like that. If not, thanks anyway. I love your videos and I watch everyine. Also, aren't you on D news?

[@DMSDrummer]

Yes, she is on DNews

[@markemanuele1929]

The "vintage" (Mercury, Gemini, and Apolo) programs happened when I was in Elementary School. I had built models of all the rockets and capsules. My DREAM was to be an astronaut, but since I wore glasses, that wasn't going to happen. I am SO GLAD that someone produced these videos, so I could "re-live" these moments. Thanks Amy

[@warrengday]

Amy, exemplary videos. I've just been binge watching since discovering your channel yesterday. I saw you in a D-NEWS video and was so impressed with your incredibly articulate voice I followed your twitter link, and ended up here. I've always found space interesting, but the calibre of the messenger affects the calibre of the message. And you're one of the finest presenters I've seen on KZbin. Thank you so much.

[@bradsw57]

I've always wondered how they got footage of the stage seps from within the next stage and/or the interstages. They don't look like TV transmissions, and the individual bits got burned up during re-entry so where'd the footage come from?

[@RowanRedbrush]

+Brad Wood I totally agree with this. I do remember seeing the complete footage somewhere on youtube where the camera appears to fall away from the first/interstage before the film ends. Did those cameras jettison and were somehow recoverable?

[@bradsw57]

+MyDash20 I dunno...but it'd be awesome if Amy could shed some light on it...she seems to know just about everything!

[@raimocom]

+Brad Wood Check this one out. It explains it all. www.collectspace.com/ubb/Forum29/HTML/001228.html

[@2121lucario]

+Brad Wood The cameras were heavily armored like an aircraft's black boxes and made to survive reentry possibly heatshielded much like the camera's on the external fuel tank of the space shuttle missions.

[@AbuserTube]

2121lucario The difference, is that the Apollo camera had to survive in order for the film to be retrieved. With the shuttle fuel tank camera, it can transmit the video before burning up.

[@fiftystate1388]

Early rockets really did have a problem of a spent booster stage bumping into the remaining rocket after separation. The spent stage was so light that any thrust could be enough to make it catch up before the next stage completely fired. Fuel is the main payload of a rocket. The Saturn rocket kept getting lighter and lighter as it climbed. It took about 60 seconds to go from zero to six hundred mph and then 100 seconds later it was going six thousand mph. So without the ullage and separation motors it's easy to see how the very light and extremely powerful first stage can just barely catch up to the fully loaded rocket in front of it.

[@JoshuaYoung2]

Thank you so much. I'm working on my first Saturn V model right now. The details really help me through the fun process :)

[@dh12.]

Great information and excellent presentation. Definitely subbed and most definitely Beautiful!

[@forBrothemeus]

Not a bad breakdown on staging, it's a good concept to break down for people to understand rocketry.

[@SuperJustUs4]

Thanks for the video about the Saturn rockets and the role the instrument unit played in stage separation.

[@profwaggstaff]

As a kid I watched those launches and always wanted to be an astronaut, like every other kid back then. Apollo is my obsession. And now Amy is my hero.

[@WinstonMakes]

Amy, have you tried the the Apollo 11 virtual reality demo??? I thought it was pretty cool, should definitely check it out. #TheFeels

[@lajoswinkler]

Great video. I hope you'll cover things like Venera missions, etc. All of those are vintage. :)

[@AmyShiraTeitel]

+Lajos Winkler I did an episode on Venera last year! kzbin.info/www/bejne/qnOkamlsn62hnpY

[@lajoswinkler]

Amy Shira Teitel We want more. :)

[@mattquince6508]

Amy, staging in high power model rockets is done through a flight computer. It senses burnout then fires a small black power charge to separate the stage. Then it fires an ignitor in the upper stage motor.

[@olympiclinic]

Damn, I thought I knew it all and you never fail to teach me more!

[@briansnyder8494]

I had forgotten the sequence of separation. Thanks Amy for the reminder. Great show.

[@dogsbyfire]

This channel is such a fantastic accomplishment. I’ve been reading about Apollo since the National Geographic issue arrived in the mail in 1969 following the Moon landing. Your channel is an important contribution to the literature. Thank you so much!

[@Kurwynd]

A very intelligent woman who happens to be beautiful talking about the space program that I loved when I was growing up and puts it into terms that people who have no knowledge of the space program can understand. I have found the perfect channel to watch. Living near the coast there always seems to be upper level winds that would carry any multistage or high flying rocket off into some nearby forest (and we were surrounded by them) never to be seen again. Changed out the parachutes to streamers and that made some difference but still some where never seen again. So I didn't get to do as much model rocketry as would have liked to. Thanks for making such great videos!

[@ericredwine9883]

This was great! My son and I built the Saturn V LEGO set this week and it was a blast! He's been a bit obsessed about this rocket for a few days. I see it in the background of your video... :-)

[@gnphoto21]

Great to see you get more than 99 seconds to talk unlike "Pluto in a Minute." I loved those!

[@shinymetalvids]

It's my favourite vessel I think! Awesome video and that living room is glorious.

[@raymondeaton5692]

Love your youtube channel. I love anything about the Apollo program and I love to see a young person like you that is so passionate about these great achievements.

[@johnhutchison9782]

Amy, you could make almost any subject, no matter how boring, seem exciting and enlightening. Very cool series you do, and I'm not sure I'll ever be able to see them all. I should document what I DO see so I don't do repeats, LOL Peace, John

[@BuckGeorge1]

Hi, Amy. Thanks for another great video. Why did the Saturn V first stage have stabilizer fins when obviously gimballed engines were available during the Gemini era?

[@ljdean1956]

+Buck George :If I had to guess, it might be because Apollo actually came into being before Gemini and the Saturn-V design goes back to the late 1950s when stabilizing fins were still in use. Because the Titan-II started life as an ICBM, they had no stabilizing fins in part because they would be silo based, and fins would require a wider silo. But I've never seen any official reason given for this in any of the documentation on the Saturn-V I've seen.

[@frankbrockler]

+Buck George The fins were not needed in normal flight, but analysis showed that they would slow down the loss of control in certain failure cases, giving the abort system more time. With improvements in flight control and abort systems, there is little doubt that the fins would have been deleted from any future production runs of the S-1C (S-1D?) as a weight-saving measure.

[@doggonemess1]

+Buck George They aid in stability lower in the atmosphere when the craft has a great deal of mass. The fins don't use any fuel to correct the flight path. At least, that's what I gathered from Kerbal Space Program.

[@DSA488]

Thanks for the review, this really helped my space administration figure out and debunk the problems with stage separation.

[@turbofan67]

These vids are always so interesting, The end comes and I'm thinking "there's no way that was 4:30 long". Thanks Amy, keep them coming.

[@carmium]

I remember the first Moon landing. The launch, the important phases, and the landing were all covered live, usually by Walter Cronkhite and sometimes, astronaut Wally Schirra. And my gawd, it could be painful to watch. NASA wasn't going to rush anything, and *nothing* happened on schedule. Everyone on the continent and half of the rest of the world must have known how the command, service, and lunar excursion modules hooked up, orbited, broke up, and finally returned to Earth from the cartoon demonstrations repeated ad nauseum whenever the hosts were at a loss for something to say. "We are at 48 minutes of a technical hold on the launch... No information has been released as to what the problem is about... ... ... There's a shot of the Saturn IV with the Apollo 11 spacecraft gleaming in the sun... Wally, let's take another look at how the various elements of the Apollo function..." (5-minute graphic representation of Apollo system) "Coming up this hour, an interview with the mother of the cab driver who took one of the astronauts to Cape Kennedy yesterday morning..." Waiting for Armstrong and and Aldrin to actually step on the Moon was the worst. Hours of squirming on the couch as checklist after safety check ticked by... and we again watched how the Apollo modules connected and disconnected.

[@kdfox2007]

+carmium please understand that it was 47 years ago when we landed on the moon. 70% of the world's population was not even born yet. So 70%of the globe today have no recollection of the events, except for those of us among the 30% lucky enough to have been alive then, of age to remember, and still alive and kicking today. I do miss ole' Walter.

[@carmium]

+Kevin Fox Yes... I understand that. That's why I was sharing my recollections of the Moon launch.

[@AbiGail-ok7fc]

I vividly remember my father waking me to watch the moon landing (it was night were we lived). I still can remember walking down the stairs. Of the actual landing, I don't remember a single thing :(

[@carmium]

I guess you're a little younger than me. 8-)

[@mewintle]

carmium exactly my recollection. I was born in 1965. The funny thing is the explanations and "honey shots" were my favorite parts. I had a model Saturn 5 and I did the stage separations along with the explanations and the actual flights. It was amazing. :)))

[@DustyCowdog]

Awesome, as always. And, I love that you have a model of the Sat V on your table!

[@TomSedgman]

Amy, have you covered anywhere why the second-third interstage was fixed to the second stage, but the first-second interstage was seperated at both ends?

[@braidongreer2172]

in small model rockets the second engine ignites and the pressure forces separation. in larger model rockets the stages are separated with an electronically ignited black powder charge.

[@TheDirkiepie]

saw one video of this lady..... i'm hooked!

[@blaster-zy7xx]

For amature solid rocket multi stage, the trick is to allow the first stage motors to burn and light the second stage independently since the first stage engines will not all burn at the same rate. That also means that every first stage motor is only attached to each successive second stage, not to each other. This allows the first stage motors to light each successive second stage and drop off independently without messing up the other staging.

[@jreed1701d]

How come the design skips S-III ? I've always wondered why the third stage was called S-IVB.

[@catfish552]

Early Saturn studies envisioned four- or even five-stage designs, so they had S-I through S-V. S-V died before it got anywhere though, and S-IV (respectively S-IVB) made a career on the Saturn I (respectively Saturn IB) before Saturn V got off the ground. So when they got around to Saturn V, the first stage became S-IC (even though it has no real relation to Saturn IB's S-IB stage), S-II for the second stage was still free, S-IVB would be the third stage, and S-III just fell by the wayside. They're kind of a complicated family, the Saturns.

[@tomsbeststuff2134]

My uncle was a scientist at Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Alabama. He worked on the S-IV-B. I got lots of literature from him as a kid early on in the program. AAMOF, I got an early (REALLY early) artist's rendition of the Apollo spacecraft with two rocket engines on the service module. Kinda cool. I wish I still had it I'd give you the copy but it's long gone.

[@USWaterRockets]

I have a design for my own staging system that is quite different because my rockets are powered by compressed air. My system uses mechanical latches that operate by means of a servo motor controlled by a barometric altimeter I designed. I had put the project aside for the winter but this video has gotten me excited to conduct more test flights. Thanks for the motivation, Amy! I think this my favorite video you have done so far.

[@Soma2501]

+USWaterRockets Good luck :D

[@AmyShiraTeitel]

+USWaterRockets Wow, that sounds like an intense model rocket design. Hope it goes well!

[@curbowman]

+USWaterRockets WOW! Multi-stage water rockets? Please keep us informed!

[@USWaterRockets]

Amy Shira Teitel Thanks! I will keep in touch as the project develops. This is actually less intense than I am accustomed to. My previous rockets captured and held the altitude world record for water/air propelled rockets for over 10 consecutive years, and were even shown on an episode of Mythbusters! Those rockets were far more intense because the air pressures used were really quite dangerous. I shifted over to less stressful projects and have been creating tutorials to show folks how to build their own rockets. These are great projects for parents to share with their kids to get them interested in STEM fields. If you know anyone who would be interested, send them to my channel. That would make my day!

[@USWaterRockets]

Alex Lopez The staging design evolved from my parachute deployment system, which you can see on my channel. I don't feel right linking to my own videos in other people's video comments, so I won't do that here, but I will definitely try to report back here as I have successes. If you want to follow the development process then feel free to sub me. Thanks for the kind words!

[@ZachBillings]

I've never launched heavy amateur rockets, but when I used to build my own model rockets, my bigger ones would use a E16-0 booster, followed by a D12-0 second stage, and finally a D12-7 third stage. The stages were simply held together tightly by friction, and as long as the rocket was under power, they'd stay firmly together. When the first and second stage fired their charge, immediately after burn, they would ignite the next stage and the charge would kick the spent stage off the back of the rocket. Got some pretty impressive altitude from this setup.

[@bobweiss8682]

+Zach Billings Multistage model rockets are very cool. Unfortunately, IME the upperstages suffer a high rate of non-recovery due to wind drift. Have fed several to trees over the years. There are now electronic devices that will allow "dual deploy" in Estes size rockets. The engine ejection charge pops the rocket open , and the parachute pops out as a tight roll while tumbling down. Upon falling to a preset suitably low altitude, the chute is then electrically "unreefed" to recover normally.

[@ZachBillings]

Bob Weiss Very cool. Non-recovery has also been my experience with 3-stagers. I've recovered a number of 2-stage rockets, but I recall only recovering one 3-stage model. Still really satisfying how high they go with higher-power motors.

[@MrJackHackney]

We found our 3 stage D engine rocket by using the Estes tracker device called Transroc. Staging forces ripped The stage 2 fins to shreds! No photo from the Camroc on top :(

[@jenterl]

Great video. In high power amateur rocketry onboard microcontrollers, accelerometers, and pressure sensors determine when the first stage engine is no longer accelerating the rocket. The stages are held together with plastic shear screws to prevent premature separation from the deceleration during engine burn out. The microcontoller then sends a signal to a ignitor, I use nichrome wire and gun cotton, to ignite a black powder charge creating pressure inside the rocket which forces the body tubes apart, shearing the screws in the process, and seperating the lower stage from the upper stage. The micro controller then sends a signal to second stage engine to ignite and propel the rocket onward.

[@SimplySpace]

Thanks! I was confused about the interstage separation.

[@DingKong]

The Saturn 5 Rocket still looks so awesome as it sits on the pad. What a machine.

[@opieswenson]

Great explanation. But separation motors for first stage are not on top of the stage but inside the fin fairings

[@donwadsworth8829]

Excellent presentation, thanks!

[@MandeepSinghrupal]

your information about space technology is very use full

[@dominicracca6955]

I created a model rocket with multi staging that was not typical of an Estes multi stage rocket. In Estes system you use scotch tape to hold the 2 (or more) engines together and once the booster burns through a small ceramic plug it will send hot gasses to ignite the next engine in line and so on. This makes the stages very small and the rockets don't look like the real ones at all. I came up with a method I called "True Staging" I built a small timer circuit that activated a motor ignitor. I test fired several standard engines I was planning on using as a booster engine and found they were pretty close to the same times. I set my timer circuit to ignite the second stage motor while the booster was in the coasting phase. I built a simple 3 finned rocket with the first stage being about 10" and the second stage being about 12" for the test flights I used a normal nose cone on the booster section, and launched it as a normal rocket. Everything worked perfectly. Same with the second stage. My 3rd flight was an "all up" flight. The plan was to replace the booster stage nose cone with an "interstage" device that would allow for the second stage motor and ignitor and give a blast barrier to the parachute in the booster stage, while linking the 2 pieces together. It almost worked perfectly. The rocket launched perfectly, the staging happened just as planned... but the force of the blast from the second stage igniting not only separated the stages but it forced the interstage into the body of the booster stage which was wedged into the body too tight so when the booster engine was supposed to force the parachute out the top, it instead turned the booster stage into confetti. I never made another booster, I just flew the second stage as a normal rocket from then on out.

[@Super-J10]

Gorgeous !!!!.....the rocket is pretty too

[@WeltonCG]

Hey Amy, just a little heads-up: whenever you mention US customary units, I would suggest that you add captions with their values converted to SI units for the benefit of your international viewers. Your videos are very much appreciated. Keep them coming. =)

[@Rstars11]

Great overview of multi-staging with some pretty sweet details to boot!

[@j.g.dewitt9371]

Did the 'Instrument Unit' have the ability to monitored or controlled from the CM and/or the ground controllers?

[@gusfring9895]

As to amateur rocketry, in most cases it's quite different than with large missile, or man-rated, boosters. Most model rockets are flown on solid fuel motors, composed of black powder, or composite propellant similar to that used in their larger cousins, such as the Space Shuttle SRB's. In the early days, Estes and Centuri offered several 2 and 3 stage kits in their catalogues. The motors for the booster stages contained no delay or ejection charges; the motors were taped together and as the fuel burned all the way enough bits of flaming fuel would find its way into the nozzle of the motor above it. The resulting flame and hot gasses would be enough to separate the stages and break the tape seal. The rockets were usually made using body tubes that had an 18mm inside diameter, which was the same as the outside diameter of the motors. Masking tape was used on the motor to act as a motor retainer, rather than using an engine hook.Later, multi-stage rockets were introduced with body tubes larger in diameter that the motors. Motor mounts were then constructed and glued into the body tubes. Some still allowed for taping and friction fitting, while others used mounts with motor hooks and tube couplers between the stages. Estes called their system "Pop and Go" staging. It proved to be as reliable as the earlier method.Today's modern mid- and high-powered rockets use a variety of staging techniques, with timers, electric matches, and other devices. The hobby has gotten a lot more sophisticated, but no less forgiving of the slightest error in building or flight prep, and rocket-eating trees and power lines still pose a threat to the next unlucky flier. The kids of the 60's and 70's have grown up, and our toys are a lot bigger and a lot more expensive!

[@daniel25u]

i learn so much. love space

[@darrenmcferran]

Hi Amy, what happened to the third stage after the command and lunar modules dis-engaged? Did it fall back to Earth or to the Moon? Thanks!

[@AmyShiraTeitel]

Nope, they crashed into the Moon for science. Did a video about it ages ago! kzbin.info/www/bejne/r5PXk6SqitmFi80

[@darrenmcferran]

Thanks, and keep up the good work, it's very much appreciated!

[@rocketthedachshund2961]

Amy. I think you and your videos are amazing. Easily one of if not the best channel for aerospace science and history. As someone extremely passionate about history, particularly American history (I named my cat after Lincoln’s first crush) after watching your video I feel almost ashamed for not being more into the history of space exploration until recently. Thank you for instilling that passion in my mind. I am truly grateful. And I look forward to your future videos. If you’re ever in the North Carolina area let me know and I’ll make sure you eat right while here. I’m a chef professionally. Although your videos have made me consider going back to school for something in engineering. Sorry for the rambling message I just felt compelled to write it.

[@chriscasaceli]

Was there a contingency for the staging mechanisms? In a case where the electronic signals/sensors malfunctioned, or there was a premature engine cutoff, could the astronauts manually initiate staging?

[@johnwood3891]

I would love to see a video or something detailing the workings of the probe and drogue that docked the LM to the CSM, and how the Probe was removed so the crew could enter the LM. I have read about it, but I have a hard time visualizing it. Thanks!

[@LTrotsky21stCentury]

I usually say, in conversation, that the Apollo spacecraft had over 1 million parts which all had to work perfectly - making it the most complex machine humans have ever created. Heard that somewhere. Hope it's right.

[@MrT------5743]

+LTrotsky 21st Century It didn’t all have to work perfectly to have a successful mission. There are a lot of redundancies built-in. Like the Apollo 12, was struck by lightning twice during launch and they had to switch to auxiliary power.

[@ljdean1956]

+LTrotsky 21st Century :Close enough. I've also heard 2 million parts but doubt anyone knows for certain. Otherwise, we'd hear 1,536,248 parts or something similar.

[@LTrotsky21stCentury]

Michael Cole Would have to be Shep, yes? Either Shep or Glenn.

[@LTrotsky21stCentury]

Michael Cole Well, Glenn was on the Shuttle too, no? That's still only two systems. I'm probably not going to be able to do this from memory. ;)

[@LTrotsky21stCentury]

Had to look it up. John Young. Gemini, Apollo, Shuttle (both on Columbia). Never would have guess it. Good trivia!

[@CaptJackWolfe]

I really enjoyed this one, Amy. Any chance of you covering the composition and operations of the IU in more detail at some point?

[@whagen01]

Amy, maybe I missed the episode on the Saturn V Instrument Unit. If you haven't done one already, I think that would be fascinating. As always, a great Vintage Space episode.

[@unwin42]

Great episode. How does the acceleration force differ between the Saturn stages? As in, how different did each feel to the astronauts on board?

[@violacrb]

google search 'g-force saturn V' There are several graphs from different missions. The peak was 4g, just before S-IC separation. The subsequent stages were much less powerful. An interesting side note, the force exerted by the engines is constant, but the mass of the vehicle is constantly decreasing, so the acceleration (and the g-forces experienced) are constantly increasing throughout the burning of any single stage.

[@CountArtha]

+violacrb That's why the center engine was shut down after the first two minutes. The rocket needed five engines to lift off, but as it got lighter the thrust became too much. The Space Shuttle had engines that constantly throttled back to keep it under 3g.

[@don312000]

+violacrb Great point...that's why the space shuttle had to throttle back in the last 45 seconds or so of ascent!

[@GODandGODDESS]

Can you provide details of the jettisoning of the Launch Escape Tower ?

[@thenorthstars2210]

Where are the stages today and are they worth anything if they are found?

[@davidhoman3807]

Which episode explains the LEM’s ascent to lunar orbit to meet the CSM? I viewed it earlier but cannot remember which episode. It is the one where she explained that Apollo 11 required two orbits, whereas later missions only needed less than one orbit to rendezvous with the CSM.

[@complexgrafix]

but how is the rocket held together. what is the exact physicalites of the stage connections. i cant wrap my head around it. how can something need to be so strong and sturdy but have the redundancy to break apart at a persise altitude. say 12 bolts holding the thing together ... what happens if one doesnt break?

[@tomaskralik2537]

Very interesting. Trying to learn more about Saturn V. 👏

[@SteveChisnall]

Were the S2 ullage-motors on the S2 itself, or were they on the interstage?

[@Silverlightlive]

I have launched multi stage rockets before, but, they always were under inertia. I have often pondered the ability to take a model plane, propel it to a high altitude with its regular propeller, and then use a rocket engine to boost it higher. I even manufactured a working foldable propeller for it, but, unfortunately, hobby shops in my area are scarce, and I haven't ressurected the design. Do you think such a blended unit might be successful in the future for runway to orbit transition?

[@DancesWithDingo]

The term "motors" is used frequently, but I don't understand the difference between motors and engines. Is it semantic or are there different concepts involved?

[@timdcbax]

Bought a Lego Saturn V, the separation is quite fascinating good to know how it works

[@Hartcore11]

Can you make a video about the stage seperation cameras that were jettisoned and recovered. I other words how they did it.

[@allanmichael2927]

Excellent presentation! You have a new subscriber. One question: I took a quick glance of a schematic of the Apollo 11 rocket with the landing module included, I had noticed references to both LOX/kerosene and methylhydrazine. Did the second fuel use LOX or a different oxidizer, and where or in which system was methylhydrazine used?

[@BattleshipAgincourt]

Another great video. Question: What would have happened to a moon mission if the crew were to follow an abort to orbit scenario? There were certainly a lot of details over the various abort modes on wikipedia, but not much covering what would have happened after a successful abort to orbit had been completed. Would the crew have immediately returned to Earth or would they have conducted a full duration mission in LEO? Thanks in advance if you answer this.

[@Cpt_Quack]

So darn beautiful and smart. Amy I love this hairstyle!!

[@danbohner7788]

What held the stages together? Welds??

[@don312000]

I have a followup question for you--why did the first and second stages have a two-plane separation system? There was also an interstage between stages 2 and 3, but it stayed with the S-II during separation. Did they hang onto the skirt between the S-1C and S-II only because the separation ullage rockets were on the skirt, or were their other reasons as well?

[@mikecowen6507]

+Don Rudolph There was a fair amount of "jump start" equipment in the S-II interstage due to the differences in using the cryogenic LOX/LH2 propellants. Simply, cryos like to revert to a gaseous state. If any of that gas gets into the turbopumps, they'll cavitate, overspeed, and likely fly apart. Considerable effort and methods went into making sure that didn't happen. Once the engines were up to 90% thrust, most of that extra mass was jettisoned.

[@don312000]

Mike Cowen Thanks for the info! I knew about cryo issues (which is why NASA decided against SSMEs for the upper stage of the SLS--too many mods needed to make them air-ignitable) but not that there was hardware in the interstage to deal with that! Maybe Amy Shira Teitel should do a video about that equipment! ;)

[@nimbly1693]

I met a guy when I was in high school. He said he worked for JPL and he was a metallurgist. He was supposedly part of a team that developed bolts, or fasteners, that were extremely strong until they were exposed to an electric charge. At which point the would explode, or fracture. The idea being that they were used in the separation of the space shuttle and it's auxiliary tank and boosters. Could you maybe research that and do us a video? Love your channel, Thanks Amy!

[@havespoon]

Your presentations are fantastic. Do you have any more info about the retro rockets that separate the stages? What's the difference between retros and ullage motors? Is it just the direction they are pointed? Also, if the second and third stages separate 10 seconds before the second stage fuel is depleted, what holds them together for those 10 seconds?

[@joem80003]

You are very passionate about space

[@michaelfernandez9334]

Awesome vid and very pretty dress