How To Forge Thor's Infinity War Weapon

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Thor may have lost Mjolnir in Thor Ragnarok, but what would it take to actually make a new one? Kyle hammers out the details on this week's Because Science!
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Because Science every Thursday.
Artist: Andrew Bowser
Learn more:
• NEUTRON STAR: bit.ly/2KQtEV1
• LUMINOSITY, FLUX, AND MAGNITUDES: bit.ly/2jKHQT7
• SURFACE EMISSION FROM NEUTRON STARS: bit.ly/2K8Eu7A
• NEUTRON STAR PLANETS: bit.ly/2jMCYgy
• NEUTRON STAR EMISSIONS: bit.ly/2rCalqL
• IONIZATION ZONE AROUND NEUTRON STARS: bit.ly/2rwOyAF
• LUMINOSITY OF MAIN SEQUENCE STARS: bit.ly/2KQfy6g
• ENERGY CALCULATION: bit.ly/2rxBzxz

[@magmacollision5708]

Thor is simply explaining how he resisted the star in this video

[@Swarthy.]

EXACTLY

[@sametsahin6863]

Nah mostly flexing on us

[@smartaleckduck4135]

“Dude seriously why does no one believe me that star thing was totally doable”

[@consciousworld9161]

@@smartaleckduck4135 they just hate Thor without reason

[@nicholasconnolly4234]

Yeah I was wondering why Thor took the time to explain it, I guess there is a first for everything.

[@AutismFather]

Meanwhile, Thor was standing right in front of the source of that energy, taking it full force.... and did not melt. Making his melting point higher than that of Uru. So really, someone should find a way to melt him down and make an axe out of him. Then you've got an epic weapon!

[@mikew1990hello]

lmao amazing

[@mechadrake]

Yea, pretty sure he uses some kind of active shielding, not passive "not melting in that". Because they mention on the franchise multiple times they are very advanced tech civilization, only one of civs like that, and they might not need to bee 100% organic, might be some kind of transuhuman civ. Guardians kinda suspected that when they examined unconsciuos PirateAngel.

[@joseperez2894]

mechadrake the movie mentions that thors muscles are made of a cotati metal fiber strands

[@chrissonofpear3657]

His ability to discharge lightning means he might also generate a force shield.

[@GatlingHawk]

uhm... no.. Asgardians are another SEPARATE species.. and she COMPARES his muscles to the fiber, doesn't say they are made out of it.

[@donal935]

Thor in IW: Tanked the full unbridled force of a neutron star for a few minutes Thor in Ragnarok: Gets electrocuted by a glorified taser.

[@jaredthompson5323]

I mean, there is sort of a difference between having your muscles forcibly contract due to electrical current and getting blasted with heat, no matter how much. It just doesn’t have the same effect

[@playedit4013]

@@jaredthompson5323 but still, he is a god of lightning. Wouldnt that make him invincible to any electric shock?

[@Aphichat.]

@@jaredthompson5323 that's bad logic, tazer is worst then million degrees lheat. Logic not sound.

[@tnbn55]

Donal Or that technology used his own electrical system against him.

[@JaydenDimaio]

Or it wasn't electrical, it was chemical.

[@something3118]

“Of course you’d have to be worthy to wield this thing” Thanos in End Game: lol no

[@royalty9442]

Or, thanos is worthy too. Maybe his quest to "save" the universe is actually noble, in a twisted way.

[@skoll6007]

Crimson Hades no he didn’t grab the hammer, he grabs caps wrist, Unless your talking about storm breaker As that had no Odin enchantment (like the one in the first thor movie) to make him “worthy” Due to being also forged from uru, thor could MAYBE conduct lightning through thanos helicopter sword

[@ahmed4363]

@@skoll6007 he can if he calls lighting on it

[@AronBagel]

I guess the follow-up question would be: what kind of biomatter is Groot composed of if his roots/vines/stems can latch onto the freshly forged, ridiculously hot Uru metal, and not ignite instantly?

[@MatterBeamTSF]

Good point!

[@DrBrangar]

AronBagel well, it was freshly grown for that, so we could imagine that it is very green wood. While the temperature of the axe would be enourmous, green wood is very hard to burn. It won't ignite if you throw it on a bonfire until it dries out, so possibly this is the reason?

[@MatterBeamTSF]

The temperatures we are talking about are in the millions of degrees/Kelvin/Fahrenheit. It should be enough to light an entire forest on fire from orbit.

[@yaheki]

And remember he can hold up and against explosions and bullets in GoTG1, and completely regenerate himself. I wonder what kind of tree can do that.

[@jasond.6068]

Also, does Groot have to be worthy to lift the newly created stormbreaker?

[@thatguywesmaranan]

kyle said "my hammer"... kyle = thor confirmed

[@InfamousArmstrong]

Wes Maranan Science Thor.

[@thinglol9158]

More like an alternate version of thor where he decided to study science instead of saving the world

[@rebekanickell8451]

@@thinglol9158 Good, we got the cool one!

[@adam.maqavoy]

Whelp - At least, I can keep a secret (compared to a few others) here.

[@dylanmcfiggins5816]

he must have played the old thor from the first two movies and still has all of his hair lol

[@finisadoodoohead2673]

Dude looks like Chris Hemsworth and Ryan Reynolds had a child together.

[@davidwells9982]

HOLY CRAP. I thought the exact same thing. Deadpool and Thor...That'd be a really weird kid.

[@Slimurgical]

Was gonna say Chris Hemsworth and Andrew W. K. had a child.

[@Effect-Without-Cause]

Chris Hemsworth + Ryan Reynolds (-2x good looks) = Kyle Hills

[@A_Dopamine_Molecule]

I'm secure enough to say he's actually an attractive dude.

[@mikewilhelm2977]

Yo that would explain why he keeps on getting hurt and pops back Accelerated healing and Aesir Immunity.

[@populistprime2581]

4:55 Well damn, I guess he wasn't afraid to throw *shade* at *luminosity.* Yes, I know, I'm leaving...

[@small_SHOT]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qH6ciHqdrqmmqbc

[@JaxBlade]

And when you forge it always go for the Head!

[@biohazard724]

JaxBlade Tough Like Thor? [Winks loudly]

[@thelostsin]

jaxblade is Mika's(gundum ironblood orphan) Physique obtainable ?

[@linyenchin6773]

lostsin, yes, being crippled because you've taxed your central nervous system beyond its limits...it can happen, why aim for it though? mika's condition is that of a Cyber-Newtype that has pushed his augmented body beyond the established parameters.

[@fqidz]

I dont get it

[@typicalaustralian2234]

Aim for his balls, his fat fucking nut

[@mlok4216]

Fun fact about liquid tungsten: You can throw it into LAVA to cool it down..

[@becausescience]

Haha that IS a fun fact -- KH

[@-jangkenet-6000]

Neat

[@joeyuzwa891]

Liquid tungsten might vaporize the lava

[@goatmeal5241]

The SURFACE OF THE SUN would FREEZE liquid tungsten. The only caveat is that it would pretty quickly sink/fall through to the core, but if you could keep that from happening it could 'chill' at the surface and it'd be solid until a hotspot came along.

[@tibi423]

"That's a Yotta-watts..." *instant regeret* Best of Kyle 2018 :D

[@small_SHOT]

regeret

[@natehall1712]

I personally believe that when something has an exponent of four, rather than saying to the fourth, we say tetracubed. Hypercubed wouldnt work because hypercubes don't have to be limited to 4 dimensions. Also, we could extend this rule to even higher exponents (Petracubed for 5, Hexacubed for 6, Heptacubed for 7, etc.). It sounds cooler, and I think it would be more natural to say once someone understands it.

[@Beegrene]

Fun fact about liquid tungsten: Scientists actually know very little about the properties of liquid tungsten for kind of a silly reason. Because its melting point is so dang high there's really no container that can hold it. Anything you try to hold the tungsten in will melt long before the tungsten itself.

[@ciarfah]

Mooser323 that's really cool!

[@parkerh7483]

Put it in a really thick liquid with a higher point of vaporization than tungsten's melting point.

[@anthrazite]

There are some alloys that can hold liquid tungsten, most notably tantalum carbide or hafnium carbide, they have a higher melting point

[@alkali5841]

Tungsten’s only the highest melting point of the metals. Carbon’s is higher, so a coal bowl could hold it. (Except for the obvious fire problem)

[@zakosist]

Maybe it would help to just have a large block of tungsten and just melt the center of it

[@justinthompson6364]

Kyle! You used the right-handed gauntlet again! We've talked about this...

[@oncetmitie5278]

Hela:IT'S A FAKE!!! (Thor:Ragnarok referance)

[@justinthompson6364]

Saurabh Wanivadekar True but he refuses to acknowledge it formally.

[@GrizzneyGames]

He also said in another video that it's worn by your dominant hand I'm assuming like the one ring changes to your ring size.

[@ohmaigod2]

Dansepticeye also star trek ds9 reference. I applaud you sir

[@angelaphsiao]

Of course you can’t use the *real* gauntlet in educational videos, it’s just a replica like the one that used to be in Asgard’s vaults

[@NicWalker627]

The fact you state both Imperial and Metric conversions is absolutely amazing :)

[@supersecret4899]

4:35 I get the "eye"-dea! Haha! No? okay...

[@minggingaaduddi8848]

Super Secret 👁👁 👀

[@foxy2440]

I thor-t it was funny

[@small_SHOT]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qH6ciHqdrqmmqbc

[@4shbell]

shouldn't thor be grouping up with the remaining avengers to stop thanos rather than hosting a youtube video?????

[@syahrezadifachri5121]

Zeni this video set after the fingersnap. This video is Thor explaining how he got stormbreaker to the remaining avengers. LOL

[@Dest66]

nah alternate universe thor (one where he still got the long hair)

[@gcribeiro79]

So, Thor doesn't have a phone, needs to recruit heroes, uses KZbin to explain things and get allies... makes sense...

[@jackyoh971]

They make her videos showing he is actually another Odin son...

[@Lari588]

Hey gotta earn a livin

[@BitMoreDave]

Here is a good question... If the star had enough energy to melt Uru metal. What metal was the star encased in the film? or the rings? must be some crazy shiz nizzle!

[@eoinkenny3188]

Most likely made of a ceramic or some material with a high thermal conductivity with a heat exchanger built into it. Since it's space dwarves maybe it's made of diamond? If you can move heat energy away from the surfaces exposed to the star faster than the star can impart energy on the surface then you can keep the surfaces at a reasonably cool temperature. We have been doing this kinda thing for centuries in blacksmiths forges. The air nozzle (tuyere) which feeds air into the forge is exposed to temperatures that will easily melt steel but they are commonly made of copper which has a lower melting point than steel. The reason they survive is because cold water is pumped through them removing heat energy before it can cause them to melt.

[@Sundablakr]

IIRC the ring apparatus was focusing the energy output of the star onto a single point, so the rings could indeed be made of Uru or even a weaker metal since they don't ever receive the full energy output. Also some weird space magic/tech energy shielding?

[@bkingski1125]

I agree with Tom ... "magic".

[@BaumMiner]

@Eoin Kenny while that does explain alot. the thing that broke and thor need to replace still had to be some crazy stuff

[@Lari588]

You think nokia phones were only used on earth?

[@stephenhumphreys9149]

I love his reactions to his own puns.

[@achyutarjun]

9:55 that laugh! 😂

[@jackshephard1693]

So Thor can withstand a lightsaber hit?

[@becausescience]

... Yes. -- KH

[@DracoSafarius]

DAMN

[@mondaysinsanity8193]

Thor goes to star wars Thor meets Palpatine Thor kinda just beats up Palpatine while Palpatine shoots lightening and flails lightsabers at him with futility like a baby

[@expmenace8867]

jack Shephard more like a billion lightsaber hit

[@HuslWusl]

But what would happen if he got hit by a lightsaber? As every material is reflecting light, would the laser just come back?

[@Marvelomarv]

Bigger question is, how does Thor's clothes survive all that heat???? What kind of material are they made of?? Kinda like wolverine's pants in X3, lol

[@juxtaposition7894]

Marvelo Mavo 100% machine-washable Hulk-hide.

[@RocketDragons]

His clothes are made from the finest cuts of PG-13. ;)

[@Vajsmilan]

Finally someone! xD Yeah what the hell... They shouldve made Thors new weapon from his clothes... I was at least expecting him to be butt naked when he is finished...wouldve been a funny moment...

[@jojop3430]

my comment is same

[@Forgotname]

Marvelo Mavo or hulks pants

[@earthisadonut7213]

Thor explaining his own weapon.

[@monogameplay3]

Overused.

[@blech71]

I really wish they would’ve shown it actually being forged instead of cast

[@SammyD89]

I was thinking the same thing. I dont know much about forging. But It looked like it was cast out of a mold instead of being forged. if i am wrong someone help me out.

[@killman369547]

+Sam Young, i'm a self-taught blacksmith, you got it right, stormbreaker was definitely cast and not forged. i have no idea the properties of uru considering it's not a real metal and all so i have no idea whether it's a metal that prefers casting over forging, some metals are like that, example, steel likes to be forged but aluminum prefers to be cast over forged though forging it is possible.

[@vibraniumshield7383]

Simple reason, it's faster and they were in a hurry to defeat Thanos. In fact, Thor only reached Thanos right after he acquired the sixth stone.

[@blankblank1284]

@@vibraniumshield7383 Yeah, Forging takes much longer then casting. Thor also would of died if he stayed there long enough to let it be forged. And Thanos was also about to kill half of the Universes population.

[@1014p]

Sam Young so there are several ways to forge. If you melt metal and mold it properly. Theoretically you can obtain a quality metal weapon. The forging prices of using a hammer is essentially working out the impurities and shaping it. So the movie wasn’t wrong, as it’s likely uru might not get impurities but be very hard to work with. As for it’s magical abilities I’d guess the mold imbues something like an energy catalyst. Then this amplified a users power which Thor literally is the lightning source.

[@SethHydra]

I mean he IS a god. My biggest takeaway from the whole Stormbreaker saga is Thor mentioning how wielding a weapon of this calibre would drive people insane, turn their brains to mush etc, which seems to be similar to the side effects of being close to a neutron star for an average non Asgardian being.

[@cringekiller348]

Well it's because of russos nerf

[@BoogieManFL]

So maybe they should melt down Thor and make a weapon since apparently he's more resilient than that fancy schmancy Asgardian metal.

[@justinthompson6364]

Melted Asgardians don't set uniformly.

[@13KuriMaster]

They can't.... he won't melt down because he is so resilient.

[@BoogieManFL]

You could if you had a fully gemmed infinity gauntlet, I'd wager. :)

[@candidcomments292]

Asgardians burn they don't melt is the problem there.

[@SuperMichaelpearce]

@BoogieMan well most of the Asgardians got fried on the ship, look how that turned out

[@GirlPainting]

NO! you don´t need a haircut!

[@harmansingh24]

Maybe he is getting the haircut from rangnorak to prove he is thor

[@UltimateMadScientistofHisTime]

Then he will become a floppy pancake.

[@aaronalkor]

Now has 79 likes. 79 is the no. for Aurum on the periodic table. Aurum is Latin for gold, and gold is my favorite jewel

[@knightnight2691]

@@aaronalkor did we ask

[@disturbedpyro4511]

@@aaronalkor ummmmm, gold is a metal, not a jewel. Clearly it's not your favorite!😂

[@MiketehTV]

"You are about to take the full force of the star, that will kill you" "Only if I die"

[@HORRIOR1]

So exactly HOW in the world does Groots arm make a functioning handle for such a heavy weapon? How tough would that wood have to be to withstand Thor swinging the axe over and over again?!

[@NivalisJKK]

Newtron star is dense. Uru is not that dense.

[@thelonehunter6025]

HORRIOR well to be fair remember mjolnir and Stormbreaker are enchanted Asgardian weapons if the wielder is deemed Worthy he can carry it if not the whole weight the weapon won't let you lift it. So it doesn't really matter what the handles made out of.

[@ACSkyrim1124]

space magic (Odin force?), apparently

[@Sheol02]

That weapon is not functional, to begin with. It was broken in half and Groot just tied it together. That construction is just begging to fall apart.

[@jaydengonzales999]

Sheol_IK it was a mold for the 2 halves of the blade/hammer but there was no handle so groot made one

[@hierachy5313]

Would that mean that the dwarves place is some kind of dyson sphere?

[@techwizpc4484]

In the movie it looked more like a bunch of rings just like the ones from Larry Niven's Ringworld novels.

[@killman369547]

+TechWizPC. those are just the focusing rings, i think he means the shell around the star itself. when they arrive at nidavellir we can clearly see a metal shell encasing the star.

[@marcdeliz6340]

Literally what I said!!! he didn't mention it in the video though. :(

[@gronkgrunk]

You are worthy, Kyle. Coz you're already Thor!

[@maskedredstonerproz]

kyle is thor confirmed

[@davidbielski]

Love your videos. Don't know if you've done an episode on this, but I'm curious to know if Superman would have been able to save Sakovia. In other words, is he strong enough to lift the city. Keep up the dope videos!

[@igorastral4816]

He Is strong enough to pull planets :)

[@KuhaKebab66]

Mjölnir doesn't contain the power of thor it just helps him focus his powers... Footnotes maybe?

[@brianholbrook8041]

"Whosoever holds this hammer, be s/he worthy, shall posses the power of Thor" so we could surmise that yes, the Hammer did contain the power of Thor.

[@KuhaKebab66]

Brian Holbrook then why did odin say in ragnarök that the hammer only helped him focus his powers...CONFUSED

[@KuhaKebab66]

MJPK i was talking about the mcu i know that in the comics other people gain the power of thor by holding mjölnir but maybe it's different in the mcu ( at least i think so)

[@Sheol02]

MJPK Why do you people keep using comics as a proof of your argument when talking about movies? MCU is a different universe, Earth-199999. Even in the comic books, there are already different universes that have numerous differences, that have varying origins, timelines, powers etc. MCU is just another separate univers in Marvel Multiverse.

[@raphaelkhan1668]

MJPK Odin had taken away his powers using the Odin force and locked them into the hammer until he got them back. Once he earned it back, he got all his powers back too, with or without the hammer.

[@GuitarsRockForever]

How strong Groot has to be to hold that weapon and not break on impact?

[@Kurse_of_Kall]

Groot's kinda magic, I think science ends when the trees start walking and talking.

[@ethandonnelly1973]

Kal That would probably depend on how his body actually works. You could probably explain it eventually depending on how far down through scientific achievement you get. Also with Suspension of disbelief pfft

[@TrickyTrickyFox]

Not really, we do have plants that can move on their own (sadly, they don't walk and talk; even saddier, they don't do adorable dances), like fly cathers.

[@core2zero]

also let's add that asgardian weapons have some kind of computing capabilities (MCU tech magic) like Mjolnir can judge it's wielder and similar stuff, we can think that stormbreaker ''accepted'' groot's vines as a handle and let it work without breaking it, or giving themselves power enough to work (of course, just especulation)

[@geoffrogers7590]

Kal I think science ends when you start watching a marvel movie XD

[@treylee5896]

Enjoyed watching Thor tell me the science behind his new weapon.

[@omarz0077]

I will not comment on the melting point of Thor.... But the guy didn't stay naked after he got exposed to the heat of Neutron star. The Question is what is the melting point of Thors Clothes..?

[@protorhinocerator142]

Doesn't matter. Even his clothes regenerated as soon as he grabbed Stormbreaker. None of that clothing damage or even grit was on him when he appeared in Wakanda, thereby obtaining the most epic entrance onscreen of any character ever in the history of cinema.

[@keanueraine]

Thor is a GOD! He doesnt need air to breath or speak. It's routinely shown that cosmic level beings such as Thor, Silver Surfer, Galactus, Beta Ray Bill etc etc talk in space. These are being so powerful that the natural rules of Science the way we know them, just do not apply to them. We need to get over that fact and instead of saying we "cant" do that, we need to figure "how" we can do that. (Easier said than done of course.) Great Video. Yes Kyle, indeed it is time for a new Thor cut...er..hair cut. You would look good with a style like the current Thor.

[@Sacremas]

True, this was pointed out in a Iron Man/Thor team-up comic by Matt Fraction, where Iron Man suddenly realized they were in space talking without Thor having a radio linked to his helmet, Thor just smiled and said "you know, I'm not really from around here" as the only explanation, something that unnerved Tony more than the magic-based plot they had just foiled. At the same time however and unlike other beings like the Surfer an Asgardian can actually drown in water...

[@bluesamuraientertainment9863]

Rodney Krezek he is though *Thor God Of Thunder*

[@mikearisbrocken8507]

I thought the Asgardians were just aliens.

[@tyler-jq2wo]

Iosif Kazakov the definition of a god is: a superhuman being or spirit worshiped as having power over nature or human fortunes. Good enough for me

[@apollonian_lux2473]

In the comics, the Asgardians are actually immortal gods, and Stan Lee has stated Thor is more powerful than the Hulk because of his godhood.

[@rolfgrell4783]

Thor also survived floating in space after his ship's destruction...

[@Alejandro-ch6mj]

God things you know.

[@LEXeroma]

I mean, he is a god afterall... but i understand that it's lazy writing and doesn't make too much sense so they should explain how that's possible but they just say "Well he's a god, so ya know, god things" - Russo Bros.

[@galactic-shithead390]

So he can survive extremely low heat and extremely high heat and summon lightning and thunder Yet he kept getting electrocuted in ragnaruk How does that work Kyle Kyle please explain how the god of thunder can possibly be electrocuted

[@trelligan42]

@Wendell Sanders: Easy - when he's not manifesting his power, he's as vulnerable (though not as weak) as everyone else. And since the thing was actually clamped into his skin, it bypasses some of his 'protection'; when attacked by energy weapons, an 'aura' effect can sometimes be seen. Finally, the device might be self-calibrating for effect, and he's being zapped much harder than others with the same device.

[@mysteries6894]

@@galactic-shithead390 well in comics it is called obedience disk. It can even defeat silver surfer.

[@MistahBryan]

@7:39 nice reference! "Does it hurt when they come out?" - Marie (Rogue) "Every time" - Logan :)

[@giraffegrain740]

Kyle: because science!! Me: He should have gone for the head

[@tylersmith5124]

Kyle Kyle Kyle. You put the gauntlet on the wrong hand again. I thought we went over this

[@cjwrench07]

He’s putting it on his proper hand. Were just getting a mirrored image.

[@AnastasiaIoppolo]

Doctor Cthulhu no it was on his right hand, and thanos is a lefty(mcu)

[@RocketDragons]

No, they flip the footage. You really think Kyle can write backwards that well? It's been shown in the ending bits on a few videos. Kyle writes normally on the glass, which to us would be backwards, so they flip the video.

[@Kattytatty02]

If you watched closely the beam of neutron star was only used to start a fire which heated the metal. I think its more magic based.

[@chuknukbubs6322]

The Chiefs - That’s how all forges work. They use a crap ton of heat such as a fire in a furnace to melt whatever metal they’re using for the tool, then pour the molten metal into a mold. The case in Infinity War is that the fire used came out of a freaking neutron star, so in turn was burning quite a bit hotter than your average fireplace. If they needed to light a fire to melt Uru then they would have used anything else and they would not have made that humongous star forge. You’re basically using 1/4 the Sun’s surface temperature as a furnace, concentrated on the Uru.

[@lukevandepol9526]

They could make fire with a couple of groot's stick

[@Kattytatty02]

It was a tiny ass fire. It didn't make much sense if you re watch it. Hence magic.

[@jamesbizs]

what? lol. no. just no. Not sure where you got this idea. It wasn't about the tiny ass fire. It was about the concentrated energy of the son.

[@WadcaWymiaru]

MARVEL neutron star isn't real one...

[@randallporter1404]

Due to the mass of NSM (neutron star material), I like to think that only the outer hammer is coated with NSM, much like we gold plate a watch. So how heavy would Thor's hammer be if it had, say, a 1-micron coating of NSM?

[@matthewdecamp2983]

Another great video. Love your show. Hilarious ending!

[@flednanders7050]

I think the real question is if storm breaker would pierce Captain America's shield

[@trevoncowen9198]

Fled Nanders ni

[@chuknukbubs6322]

It barreled through a laser of all infinity stones put together so I’d say yeah.

[@majorastorm]

Hammerside should be fine, but the bladeside.. uh oh

[@ravenwraith1017]

Fled Nanders there was a comment that mentioned just how strong uru must be if a neutron star is required to melt it down. The shield was forged from vibranium, which was melted down by the strategic scientific reserve during world war two. There is no way they could possibly have approached even I don’t know, 3% of that stars output? If Vibranium can be melted by humans in the forties, than it must not have a very high melting point is what I am trying to say. Uru must be magnitudes stronger than vibranium, probably strong enough to overcome the other metals ability to absorb kinetic energy, if the blow is concentrated into a point such as the axe end of stormbreaker. The blunt hammer end would probably be just as ineffective as Mjølnir was.

[@DanzoSrife]

"As Striker narrated in X-2, it can be liquefied, but, once formed, becomes indestructible." I keep reading everywhere that Adamantium is nothing to write home about before liquification, but after it's a different element. And Vibranium is supposed to be stronger

[@KamenRiderHellhound]

Actually... Stormbreaker DOESN'T HAVE THAT WORTHY thing on it ....... literally anyone can wield it... we see this when Groot lifted it up. Also.. since Groot is Dead... doesn't that mean that at some point there is going to be a NEW BABY GROOT that comes out of the handle of Stormbreaker because ... if not .......... WTF MARVEL! THAT IS THE PERFECT JOKE! Thor: "For Midgard! For my Friends! FOR MY BROOOOTH-" Stormbreaker handle: "I am Groot!" Thor: =Drops hammer and looks scared out of his mind.= "WHAT THE HEL?!"

[@DracoSafarius]

The only reason baby groot appeared is because Rocket planted a piece of the original Groot. The handle will almost certainly never grow into a new Groot because well it touched superheated Uru lmao and its now under whatever enchantment design is in Stormbreaker. Be hilarious if they used the handle to make a new Groot tho

[@DracoSafarius]

Nah they're dead. Gamora's in the stone. If they put them in the stone then that means Thanos didn't want to kill them in the first place

[@starshinesoldier]

May I ask how you write on the screen? Is there a sheet of glass in front of you? Or is the writing added in during editing?

[@GabeMisura]

You are worthy. Thank you for making science fun and entertaining.

[@caseywellington4761]

Dude. Thor rocks.

[@becausescience]

AGREED -- KH

[@sireevictineerivero342]

Harfar I agree, Taika really made him so likeable after Ragnarok.

[@MrLinguist88]

Um, actually, you should have subtracted the temperature of the hotness coming out from Chris Hemsworth for those equations here...

[@becausescience]

Fair enough -- KH

[@_Lionsin]

Best description of how neutron stars are formed. Cheers!

[@tusharranjansarangi5201]

How did you find the velocity of descent on neutron star

[@tonziss]

@Kyle when you said about Thor standing in front of the energy i thought you were going to recalculate the energy needed to melt the alloy because some part of the total energy is being blocked by Thors body and not all of it reaches the metal. So the "Q" in joules required to liquify it should be lower.

[@judgemanny9316]

I maybe overthinking but wouldnt the calculations for melting uru need to include that thor standing in front of the beam itself be preventing that amount of concentrated blast to be deflected off thors back or is it flowing thru him? Meaning uru has a higher melting point.

[@TheTransforcer]

Judge Manny ah bless you for making note of that! Just laid that out myself, but not likely soon enough for notice.

[@eigentuemer95]

Wow... This is so interesting! Love this! I wonder if there is really nothing without a meltingpoint or if we just did not find it jet. And what exactly is the center of a neutron star is made out of?

[@leppyleppy6210]

7:55 you can clearly see how he enjoys the "hunk of tung"

[@BlankPicketSign]

_"Hunk of Tungt"_ is the title of my Hair Metal Cover Band

[@DarqStalker]

Can you explain how much energy it would have taken to destroy Thor’s hammer?

[@Spiderlanky]

4:50 😬 shots fired!

[@MistahBryan]

@04:46, THAT's an awesome look for you Kyle :)

[@Lari588]

Kyle as we all know you love juicy questions about vibranium. Will you also discuss about this uru metal in future episodes? Cant wait if so

[@AeroQC]

Hey Kyle, love your show, very fun to watch. At the end of this episode, you complained that Thor was talking and breathing while holding the hatch to the neutron star open, and I can understand that, as he doesn't appear to have any sort of protective gear or communication device for spacewalks. But if you look back to 'The Guardians of the Galaxy', Peter Quill freely flies through space with nothing but his headgear on. And that conveniently folds into a clip behind his ear, acting as a communication device *and* protective gear (although could you survive in space with nothing but your head secured is another matter entirely (Make a video on that, please?)). And a little further on, we see Drax standing on top of the Milano with the Hadron Enforcer in open space. Right here, it doesn't look like he has much else other than a helmet with a targeting reticle for the weapon. In Volume 2, however, we see him putting on a Holographic Space Suit during the battle with Sovereign, which leaves a sort of bluish aura around the wearer. Yondu put the same sort of suit on Quill near the end of that movie as well. So where am I going with this? Well, as far as space protection goes, it could be that Thor put on a Holographic Space Suit that was a better quality and didn't give off that bluish aura (or that bluish aura was specific to Volume 2 since it was a major cinematographic plot-point) and for communication, as long as he has that protective gear, Thor has an earpiece tucked behind his ear so he can communicate with Eitri and Rocket (because how else are they supposed to communicate in Nidevallir?).

[@marionlawless]

One of the Thor comics addressed this... they said it was a god power.

[@claytoncourtney1309]

8:08 just a side note: Enthalpy of Fusion is headlining at the Whiskey a go go Saturday night. :)

[@LeisureChrist]

Lot of good points, Kyle. Keep up the good work.

[@hozimina]

And then Thor got cancer and we all lived sadly ever after. The amount of radiation being spit of the forge (Not to mention the magnetic forces that should turn him into a pile of goo with all his butt-iron pulled out) should be more than enough to arrange the molecular structure of anything into anything else. This would be the first instance of of alchemy in action.

[@Deadpool-px2nm]

Hozimina he wont get cancer; he got healed by Stormbreaker when he was dying

[@RocketDragons]

He's also *a god*

[@doenervich]

"I do need a haircut though." NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!

[@levimcpeek2411]

doenervich he does need a hircut

[@fidget0227]

I love these videos. They’re not like “Hey, that doesn’t apply to science! That’s outrageous!” It’s more theoretical discussions

[@markusbelden4569]

Thank you for getting it right this time

[@poppletronva]

(Posting for my friend Josh) I’m so much a fan of Thor that I need to do some sciencing in advance! (meaning this is being written the moment I heard the announcement of this episode) lol. That’s ok I’ll probly love your video anyway :) There’s a few things I’d love to cover here: You mentioned in the last episode of Footnotes that neutron stars can emit 200 billion g-forces of gravity. (I forget if it’s a little g or a big G, don’t judge me!) We already know a single g to be around 9.81 m/s/s. I used a model of Nidavellir drawn entirely from memory because we don’t have footage yet (so it could be completely wrong) and estimated that the smallest of the three independent rings that form Nidavellir is in the ballpark of 5 miles in thickness and 45-50 miles around (inside diameter). Were that ring entirely composed of conventional stainless steel (because there’s no way to tell what it’s actually made out of), it would be about 2,000 cubic miles and accelerate inward to the neutron star at upwards of 100 million million million trillion Newtons!!! The rings of Nidavellir would have the advantage of its shape because the star’s gravity would be uniformly pulling on it in all directions, preventing it somewhat from collapsing entirely. Still though, the material they need to use to build Nidavellir itself would need to pull an unbelievable 72 octillion psi or around 501 octillion mPa! (that’s a lot :smiley: The other fact I found interesting you mentioned in the last episode of Footnotes was the fact that neutron stars generated enough gravity to trap light itself into orbits around the star. What’s even more exciting is that since light is a form of EM radiation, and by extension a form of electromagnetism, it could theoretically be directed using extremely powerful magnetic fields and perhaps even harnessed. This theory makes Nidavellir (or at least a Nidavellir-like structure) very scientifically plausible. In fact, there’s probably an advanced alien culture who’s already done that somewhere and is making fun of us for still trying to get to Mars. It would take days, weeks, or even longer to do all the math concerning how much light can be trapped by a single neutron star, or how much work can be done by harnessing that output energy, or how much input energy it would take to produce sufficiently powerful magnetic fields in the first place, but it’s still very possible. Future Because Science episode perhaps? The movie has made it abundantly clear that two things were needed to get the forge going again, and these could hint at how exactly the forge works. The first was that the rings needed to spin again (or the openings at least had to realign; I didn’t pay that close of attention). The second was that two levers/wires/circuitries/things had to be held together by an incredible force and some nerfherder built that component directly into the output energy flow. If the rings of Nidavellir did indeed need to rotate, that would create artificial gravity for the forge’s crew and the energy that goes into spinning the rings could also be recycled into generating the immense magnetic fields to direct the light and heat needed to melt Uru metal. As far as the connection point problem solved by Thor’s massive biceps themselves, we already have circuitry that works exactly that way. Nowhere near as extreme, but think of a light switch. It alternates between completing and breaking the circuit to control its state of power flow. I’d break down the mathematics for the melting point of Uru metal if I were any less exhausted, but I’d guess you’re exhausted just from reading this at this point… so maybe later... That concludes my thoughts. Footnotes, pretty please? Thor senpai? Dang it I forgot to mention that the 72 octillion psi/501 octillion mPa measurement was a compressive strength value! Please do mention that

[@Dest66]

mate your most likely going to be in the footnotes with that.

[@doomdoot6731]

Alien cultures will most likely not be making fun of us, since there's a good chance that we're alone in the milky way (based on current day estimates). And even if we weren't, it would take hundreds of light years for the light to travel to the nearest ETI meaning they would be making fun of us for still believing in a geo-centric world view and not figuring out string theory yet. The internal stress of having material at around 20 miles from the surface of a neutron star would be enough to gravitationally tear molecules apart (iirc), and that is entirely disregarding the incredible EM properties of magnetars. So building that structure would be nigh impossible according to our modern day understanding of technology and physics - at least as it was presented in the movie. The material would have to be composed purely of neutrons in order to avoid EM problems, and that would prevent molecules from forming properly - at least in a chemical way. Next problem would be that you would have to actually get the ring/sphere structure into place before it being self-supporting. Even if we assume a material that can withstand that pressure while self supporting, it also has to support the stress of immense space-time warping and ridiculous tidal forces. As you said, the material stress would be too much for the structure to work. On top of the material stress due to gravity, you'd also have to keep in mind that the material is apparently even MORE heat resistant than uru, considering the structure is built entirely around the star and constantly exposed to the ridiculous radiation levels - if we assume the star itself to be active and burning hot 24/7 (as presented in the video). I assume you were referring to a Dyson Sphere when talking about such a structure being theoretically possible? Because (and correct me if I am wrong on this) as far as I know a Dyson sphere is not intended to harness energy from a neutron star, but from an active star instead, due to their luminosity being way higher. For a neutron star I would assume you'd want to use a method that treats the star like a dynamo for harnessing energy (on top of the dyson sphere) since you can directly generate current just cycling any metal around the star - at a large enough distance of course.

[@FutureFlash2034]

it wasnt a circuit....it was basically a lever disc that when turned, opened up the shutter and kept it opened..... so yeah everything you said is correct mostly, just not a circuit. if it where a circuit thor wouldnt be able to hold open the shutters.

[@nicolashurtadocastro9023]

If the metal is so dense wouldn’t extremely rapidly expand as its pressure is so much greater than a vacuum, and the atmosphere of earth? Like when you squeeze a potato chip bag, but then in unsqueezes by its own. Also wouldn’t you say that the bifrost is something that slightly bends space time so people can travel vast distances in a couple of minutes/seconds? I would say it’s like bending space time so two different points in space would be closer, but not like in a worm hole were they are at a distance of 0. I would say that the bifrost squishes spacetime so if the glowing color thing can make you accelerate near the speed of light and making you travel distances that would look imposible to travel even at the speed of light. Anyways love the show, keep doing awesome videos

[@MatterBeamTSF]

Metals expand when heated, but at different rates. Some materials have a low expansion coefficient (how much they expand per temperature increase). A very strong material expands less. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion#Factors_affecting_thermal_expansion "Thermal expansion generally decreases with increasing bond energy, which also has an effect on the melting point of solids, so, high melting point materials are more likely to have lower thermal expansion"

[@nicolashurtadocastro9023]

Matter Beam well of cores, but after Kyle did the calculations of the mass, it would rapidly expand either way as it’s so massive

[@nicolashurtadocastro9023]

Matter Beam if we asume that Kyle’s calculations are right, then 3.8 x 10^14 kg, if we asume it’s a real metal like tungsten, would expand extremely rapidly if they were in just the very small space of the axe head of storm breaker, either way thanks for that neat fact

[@DrBrangar]

Nicolas Hurtado Castro In the first Thor movie, Natalie Portman's character says "it has all the characteristics of an Einstein Rosen bridge" which normal people call wormholes.

[@nicolashurtadocastro9023]

Brandon Myers yeah, but the bifrost doesn’t instantly teleport them, it takes time and you see them traveling in it, like in Thor ragnarok. A regular worm hole, theoretically, brings two places together and can instantly teleport you, which doesn’t happen in the bifrost

[@CT-34789]

That shade being thrown lol

[@thelonelyshivy5370]

tbh with u, this is one of the only things in the entire earth that makes me enjoy science

[@odd-eyes6363]

How to Forge Beta-Ray Bill's MCU Weapon

[@bobra_bob8836]

Odd-Olhos Pendulum Dragão Fair enough. Well not MCU though, just Marvel Comics...so far.

[@nothisispatrick5691]

Odd-Olhos Pendulum Dragão Stormbreaker looks different in the comics. Also MCU Stormbreaker is shaped after Ultimate Mjolnir and has nothing to do with Beta Ray Bill all it has is the name.

[@daltonwilliams1723]

I Am Jacking aren't both hammers a dual axe/hammer? Only big difference is bill's hammer is gold

[@nothisispatrick5691]

Dalton Williams No Beta Ray Bills look like a golden scrunched up ball. Ultimate Mjolnir is longer and larger overall.

[@edrew9975]

So far, do you like Mjolnir, or Stormbreaker better? Also, the last time I was actually interested in science was sophomore year chemistry, in high school, as your videos have made me appreciate science more. Thanks Kyle!

[@rufusprime0015]

That illuminosity burn lit up my day

[@ChuckNorris587]

Could there be a because science episode on the properties and a comparison of ademantium, vibranium, and uru metal? Also determining which is the strongest.

[@shabnaspkp1692]

Can you do a video on Thor's durability for tanking the heat of the neutron star. Somebody calced it and the result got was large country level

[@onepunch5133]

S S large country level? Whats dat even suppose to mean

[@shabnaspkp1692]

I NEVA FREEZE the star produced heat 3.9235669e+14 tons of TNT or 392.35669 teratons which is large country level

[@samadmuhammad4781]

And strength

[@becausescience]

I calc’d it! - KH

[@willdgol7501]

You know that nearly killed him right

[@kelvingraham9458]

Small technicality. As said in Thor: Ragnarok, Thor's hammer helped Thor control his power, to focus it. The hammer never "contained" Thors power.

[@jamesbizs]

Umm. But. "Whosoever holds this hammer, if he be worthy, shall possess the power of Thor." So. umm. No?

[@muhammadjordan2833]

‘Power of Thor’ Not the ‘Power of Mjolnir’. Heck, everytime they talk about Thor’s power, they refer it to ‘his power’, not Mjolnir’s.

[@nothisispatrick5691]

james pogrebetsky Do some research or watch Ragnarok before you comment next time.

[@jamesbizs]

I Am Jacking how about you fuck off. Just because they said it in that movie, doesn’t mean it’s gospel. You do know that others have wielded the power of the hammer right? And were granted the power of Thor? Do your research before saying anything next time.

[@jamesbizs]

I Am Jacking eh? Do some research yet?

[@gregpaullamb754]

very entertaining, cheers dude

[@DaNillaBogurt]

I had an idea about the whole breathing in space thing: it could be that the presence of the star's gravity, AND the absence of its coronal heat and magnetic field (resulting from the sort of container the dwarves built for the star) could - in theory - allow heavy elements from its previous supernova ejection, such as oxygen, nitrogen, etc., to precipitate and form a rudimentary atmosphere allowing anyone on the dwarven superstructure to breath in its vicinity.

[@Farhan-ck3uc]

Man I LOVE YOUR VIDEOS!!!

[@becausescience]

Trying my best. Thanks Farhan! -- KH

[@Sheol02]

The forging process of the Stormbreaker was silly though. 1. Making a metal weapon in a mold will make it brittle (and you can't argue "Uru metal, magic, different properties, blah-blah" since exactly that happened - the axehead broke in half. Maybe Eitri Lannister wasn't that good of a blacksmith). 2. A wooden arm of Groot is the only thing that keeps the broken axehead together? Well, that's a steady construction that totally is not going to fall apart during use. And do not even say that Groot holding it together for those few seconds "melted" the pieces together. It took a Neutron star to melt it, judging by its colour it obviously was way too cool Groot picked it up to do any sort of "welding". And even if there was any possibility to weld the pieces together, that's a terribly unreliable construction that will still break easily. If you want to fix a broken axe/hammer/sword, you break it to little pieces, weld them together, and reforge from scrap. Otherwise, it will just break in the same place (Reforging of Narsil into Anduril had the same issue). Edit: DO NOT GET A HAIRCUT!

[@baka_geddy]

Eitri had his Arms Cut off Goddamnit

[@Sheol02]

But "every weapon you ever designed - it's all in your head"...

[@philhsueh4860]

Exactly, I'm tired of fantasy, or any movie involving swords an axes, showing people making sword blades or axe heads by casting. Nobody does that, all metal weapons are created by forging (aka hammering) pieces of metal (usually steel) that have been heated up to where they're very, very hot. If they created Stormbringer the correct way they wouldn't have needed as much heat since they didn't need to melt the uru. I'm sure that it takes a whole lot less heat to get a metal to where it's maleable than it does to melt it.

[@DracoSafarius]

The mold was two separat eparts I thought, may need to see it again to make sure, but I'm alsmost certain it was designed as two pieces to join with the handle.

[@philhsueh4860]

Draco Safarius Which is odd since hafted weapons like pole arms, axes, maces, etc. have their head forged in one piece with a hole or opening in the middles for the shaft to go through. Making the weapon head in two pieces would just make the weapon weaker as well as more complicated than necessary.

[@samtoshner8002]

#strongestavenger

[@radioactivet-rex286]

Damn right

[@darthvader6533]

"Whats an Asgardian to do when facing an enemy?" Well you would know Thor.

[@LordBaktor]

If you watch any random episode of Man At Arms: Reforged, you'll learn that you certainly don't forge weapons by pouring molten metal into a mold.

[@InfamousArmstrong]

Lord Baktor Depends on the metal.

[@paschal4437]

Wouldn't the material of a black hole be denser than a neutron star? A neutron star gives off light, yet a black hole with the same mass will trap light. This means that since mass is the same: radius must be smaller. Small radius means smaller volume which means greater density.

[@explicitcontent320]

Paschal Black holes dont have material. Not like we think of material anyway. Black holes are wierd.

[@DrBrangar]

Yes, but people like to stop at things they at least sort of understand. Black holes are weird. They are certainly made of something, but we don't know what. They trap light, but (if they are eating) are in fact some of the brightest objects in the universe. Black holes have, as best we know, no size, but their schwartzchild radius is very big for them to naturally form. They defy any physics we actually have.

[@Lari588]

Unfortunetly noone knows if there is anything that could be described as a material or anything at all beyond the event horizon of a black hole and its impossible to get anything out of a black hole

[@geniegogo]

very interesting, I was under the impression that the fusing of iron result in a deficit of energy ... and that energy is what is keeping the star from collapsing. All that extra energy in fusing atoms lighter than iron is keeping the star fluffy. Once a threshold is reached in fusing iron there is not enough energy to buoy up the star and that's why it collapses and in that collapse it passes the electron degeneracy force and into a neutron star if there is enough mass. It seems that I misunderstood = )

[@gmlNerd]

@BecauseScience When calculating the power output needed to melt the metal, you calculate the energy output of the exposed star surface behind the apparatus opening. If i remember correctly in the movie they mention that the forge of Nidavellir uses the focusing rings to harness "all of the power of a neutron star." Meaning that the energy output of the aperture should be that of the whole star, not just the exposed surface, making uru metal even more impressive.

[@polobear4189]

Groot is worthy

[@bashaaksema94]

3:22 gone, reduced to atoms

[@Daggermacloki]

You earned your like with the Yottawatts pun.

[@GamerSaga]

though am curious to know how the wooden handle from groot can handle the weight and extreme uses of the hammer.

[@RJeremyHoward]

"That's a Yatawatts..." #eyesofinstantregret

[@javik9165]

Hey, not really a science related question but, wasn’t the stormbreaker supposed to be beta ray bill’s weapon? And wasn’t beta ray bill already confirmed to exist in the MCU? What weapon does he have then now that Thor has the stormbreaker?

[@13KuriMaster]

I think Beta Ray Ray bill was only given a cameo, he may not get anything.

[@sadeknight9112]

Javi Kuri Thor’s new hammer is called stormbreaker as a reference to Bill, the MCU has differences from the comics

[@willburke]

yeah, Bill's likeness was on the monument of former champions in Thor: Ragnarok, and, if I remember correctly, in one of The Collector's tanks.

[@onepunch5133]

Javi Kuri ???

[@0niisama]

Javi Kuri Maybe they will meet in the future and Thor will give it as a gift for being such a good horse bro? Considering that Feige mentioned that they're building a new franchise (is that the right term?) in place of the avengers, then it's not farfetched to make a team of cosmic heavyweights that can include Bill. Then Thor goes back to the forge to get another weapon, maybe Jarnbjorn this time.

[@KoyMoneyBoy]

Bro you hair and vids are amazing 💪🏼

[@MistahBryan]

@4:55 "Ooh burn!" :)

[@thesenate8746]

Gauntlet was on the wrong hand.

[@drobin8820]

Nate Goch like Hela said, “Fake”

[@meepthemonsterjxh1893]

The video is flipped so

[@captainbirch9835]

He has another that he used to make an absolutely perfect replica, but right handed

[@deejisasimp]

So your saying that If there were 48,000,000,001 people in front and that last person would survive?

[@Aiden99]

literally my new fave youtuber...

[@Blanksoul1138]

wait I have a question so mooru, muru, maru? whatever you know what I'm trying to say maybe, so you need the star to melt it so that's pretty impressive its self but what about the focusing ring around it wouldn't that have to be even stronger so it doesn't melt when trying to melt the stuff thors new weapon is made from? sorry I don't know how smithing workds :D