How to Make a Sealed Cathode Ray Tube at Home

In this video I show how to make a sealed hot cathode Cathode Ray Tube (CRT). This is in contrast to the multiple other videos on KZbin that show cold cathode didactic CRTS that operate continuously pumped. This tube is self contained with its vacuum maintained with a titanium getter.

[@MYtimeNspace]

Electronics engineer of 47 years Now 72 finished as an Aerospace Engineer, now retired WOW What you did was AMAZING!! I started as a Black and white TV repairman while in collage. Most young people today have no idea what giants shoulders they are standing on!. You Have shown a wide range of knowledge and talents. from Metallurgy to induction heating and way beyond! You Actually know What a CRT is and everything needed to make one. I watched because I wanted to know how to Smooth over the end of a glass Tube as I want to make a high Q glass Variable capacitor. You made it look so easy, I going to have a go of it. Thanks for Who You Are!!

[@Xsiondu]

Dude he's an Android I just know it. Why doesn't he show his face? His fingers don't burn and they don't conduct the high voltage from the uninsulated spot welder he just squeezes bare handed. Oh did I mention he builds vacuum tubes in his shed!! Absolutely a time traveling android visiting the 21st century as part of his Android future college anthropology technical studies doctorate. I just know it! 😉

[@jckoibra2662]

Lol yeah @@Xsiondu

[@janno288]

I can't express how much I love this video

[@jdflyback]

Thank you so much!

[@putinslittlehacker4793]

It's crazy the niche you fill on KZbin of diy vaccume based electronics and how fucking good of a job you do filling that niche. I hope more peaple come across this channel because I know for sure that more peaple are interested in this type of content.

[@jdflyback]

Thank you! I have thought about this as well. With so many creators on youtube I think it is cool to make videos few others are.

[@tuopeeks]

like the use of titanium for the getter.

[@jdflyback]

Thank you. All the credit goes to Simplifier. simplifier.neocities.org/. I first found out about it on his website. He was the one who made me realize you could build tubes without the extensive equipment that glasslinger has.

[@tuopeeks]

@@jdflyback good work, and thanks for the URL

[@tolifetolife1872]

JD, You are the "Mad Scientist"! I just LOVE your videos, great and pure explanations and your commentary is superb! You are the original De Genius!!!

[@jdflyback]

Thank you so much Gary!!!

[@davidbarry494]

I know it's a year after the fact but instead of "Mad Scientist" I was thinking more of "Amish tech support".

[@robinbreslin1626]

Amazing - every Physics undergrad should watch this course before they start - so they appreciate tow things a) the amazing craft and engineering that went into supporting the great phsyics discoveries b) the amazing tech they have at their fingertips now to be able to do the experiments they do.

[@nikomaukkonen4994]

The waveform at the end was truly amazing considering the fact that the electron gun is so simple compared to the commercial oscilloscope CRTs. In the course of making my own "thermionic vacuum devices", i have found out two things that may be of interest to you: 1. The electrostatic deflection of electrons may also be done externally. This can be achieved by placing a piece of copper tape on the tube and applying a voltage to it, just like you would if the "plate" was inside the tube. 2. This one i can't say for sure, since it's only been a month or so, but i managed to create a diode tube with a glass-to-metal seal made entirely out of nickel wire, so no tungsten in between. The catch is that i used 5 minute epoxy at the flare side of the stem and let the tube sit for a day before vacuuming it out. The tube still holds a vacuum, but that whether or not it will stay this way remains to be seen. Since then i have made 5 or so different kinds of tubes that all use the same type of seal, and all of them still hold a fairly good vacuum, although the filament in one of them has burnt out. The only disadvantage that i have found for this type of seal is that it can't handle extreme temperatures (over 100°C at the stem), but the advantages should be clear.

[@jdflyback]

Thank you! That is exciting! I have not tried epoxy before but that is an option. I would have thought that the epoxy itself would be permeable to gas but the fact that your tubes still have a vacuum probably rules that out. The temperature is an issue though, since I heat my tubes while pumping to try and remove fingerprints and other contaminants on the internal parts. If a higher temperature epoxy could be found this could be a good option.

[@nikomaukkonen4994]

I've had no issues with the epoxy seals when heating the tube to outgas it. However i am usually quite careful and never let the flame rest near the seal for too long. This of course reduces the effect of the outgassing as i can't heat the glass too much, but it seems to drive out the moisture and other contaminants adequately. I was also surprised that the epoxy didn't let air through it. The first time i tried this, i was trying to salvage a tube with a cracked seal and figured that i could at least get it to hold a vacuum for a while if i put epoxy in it, but the solution turned to work well in semi-long term too. It's however worth noting that the epoxy can't be used for fixing large cracks in the walls of the tube. I don't know why this is, but it could be that the large surface area increases the chance of there being leaks. The other (and the more likely) possibility is that the epoxy leaks a tiny amount of air and the larger the leak area, the faster the intake of air, so i wouldn't recommend this type of seal as a long term solution, but it's certainly useful for making prototypes.

[@SodiumInteresting]

@@jdflyback jb weld is said to be good for vacuum use

[@nikomaukkonen4994]

@@manitoba-op4jx No, it remarkably hasn't! The vacuum is more or less as good as when it was first sealed off and even the filament still works.

[@MichaelKingsfordGray]

Well done! I did a very similar thing, when I was about 13. But by pulling apart a triode valve (tube?), adding phosphor from a lamp, adding a magnesium getter, resealing it, evacuating it, then igniting the getter. Alas, I could not acquire a dot, but got a satisfying white glow that varied when I waved a magnet near it. That was good enough for me at that age, with no help whatsoever.

[@ghali-ahmedidrissi1379]

How did you do that at 13 ? Like how was it financed ?

[@radiofun232]

Well done, my compliments! That is the real thing!

[@jdflyback]

Thank you so much Ko! I have been a fan for a while! I love your construction style of brass nails on wood.

[@Gameplayer55055]

hugely underrated. is is insane to see that you can diy such devices

[@RobR386]

You may get even better output with a flat bottomed flask , also heat the tube in a soft flame when you're evacuating it on the pump, it helps drive trapped air out of components, impressive work 😊

[@martysmith2756]

Dude: The s**t you're doing is amazing, and the only reason you're not getting a million+ views is because it's over most folks' heads. (Possibly including me, but I like to pretend I can keep up.) I'm just really happy to watch something like this.Thanks for what you do, and I hope the thanks you get from me (and a couple thousand other nerds) makes it worth your while.

[@va3ngc]

That is unbelievable. Have you thought about using a small Erlenmeyer flask for the end of the CRT? It would already have a good shape to it for the screen and I believe they are made of Pyrex.

[@MagnusEdvarsson]

This was my first thought when I started watching the video. Now I want to try it myself! I hope he does it, though. I bet he'd be way more successful than me.

[@EdwardTriesToScience]

applied science did this in his diffusion pump video but the issue is that the neck is not long enough (and thus the deflection coils are less effective), however that should be easily fixed by adding on another length of tube

[@obifox6356]

Pyrex is more difficult to work with. Incompatible with the glass he is using.

[@obifox6356]

Whoops, he is using Pyrex.

[@EdwardTriesToScience]

yeah borosilicate glass is the standard nowadays (i didnt say pyrex because its a brand not a type of glass and theres that whole pyrex cookware fiasco)

[@wofy1970]

I only just found your TUBE vids, i can't stop watching them every one better than the previous, i started building tube radios at the age of 9 i just love tubes and it is nice to see that the interest is still there in younger generations. My compliments mate

[@TheGiselaSchumacher]

That's an amazing result you've got there! I've attempted CRTs a few times myself, but getting good results with amateur gear is quite difficult. I've gotten a beam that I could deflect with magnets, but there was no aperture to make a usable dot, just a wash of illumination. I've messed around with titanium as a getter (also saw that from Simplifier :D ) and the potential of using it for a resistive filament style getter, just haven't added it to a CRT yet. Also glad to see you're using Pyrex. When I got into glassworking, the easiest source for glass was FMS Neon as I'm about 1.5 hour drive away from them. As such, I have a good 50lbs of soft glass, and boy is it finicky! It has a really nice advantage in the fact that I can just seal titanium wire right through it, but annealing is very critical. On top of that, you don't often get second chances to fix things as reheating soft glass almost always goes wrong, even if you're extremely gentle. Struggle aside, this beautiful tube of yours has rekindled my interest in making another CRT attempt! Keep up the awesome work!

[@jdflyback]

Thank you! I am glad to see other people interested in glass work, not nearly enough are. Pyrex really is hard to beat in terms of the ability to reheat. I never get something right the first time and the ability to heat and move something or fix a crack is invaluable for the amateur. I started out with soft glass too but never could make anything more complicated than a glow tube. If you attempt please make a video! I would love to see another persons setup.

[@TheGiselaSchumacher]

@@jdflyback Yeah it really is an art that needs more appreciation. I feel more people might get into it if they actually knew more about it. Where do you source your pyrex? And how expensive is it? I paid around $4 per pound for my soft glass. I actually never did more than take pictures of progress as I made my devices, but have been interested in attempting to record the process. I think this is the incentive I needed to give that a shot!

[@jdflyback]

I got most of my glass at a university surplus store for scrap price but I have heard good things about mountain glass. www.mountainglass.com/all/boro-clear/pyrex/standard I am not completely aware of what is a good price for glass but they might be on the expensive side for genuine pyrex. I would think the cheaper knock off could work (under the brands section) as long as the thermal characteristics are the same.

[@TheGiselaSchumacher]

@@jdflyback thanks for the link! I'll have to see how their prices compare with some of the listings I've been seeing on ebay. Next I'll have to see if I can find some thicker tungsten or maybe kovar for the seals.

[@jdflyback]

Sounds good! Let me know if you find any deals on tungsten wire, I have been sourcing it from a seller called prommark on ebay. www.ebay.com/sch/prommark/m.html?_nkw=&_armrs=1&_ipg=&_from=

[@unusualfabrication9937]

I love this! you demystify one of the weirdest vintage electrical devices and show how it can be made with simple components.

[@mrpontiac83]

Not sure what's more impressive... The project or all the home-made tools!

[@HafizhAsadA2]

Dr. Senku in real world :D

[@hito-sama]

Lmao XD

[@brianclimbs1509]

This cool project was an amazing amount of work, so I hate to be an armchair CRT maker... but since you might be interested I thought that I would point out that you might be able to make tighter, more intense beams by housing the filament inside a Pierce geometry and then making the Anode aperture a bit wider.

[@CoolDudeClem]

People like you (and maybe even me) be would be handy if a zombie apocalypse happens!

[@jdflyback]

Thank you so much Clem!

[@mgdurandolo]

I love your "first principles" lab setup! as exemplified by the wine cork used as a compression spring on your welder. So glad the Algo brought your channel my way

[@killallfornothing]

What is most amazing for me is determination that makes You to push project to this stage using primitive tools. Im after electronic school bu i will not even start with that small set of equipment. Very impresive!!

[@cheesyvin8078]

I dont know what to say, im really impressed! I recently saw dr stone and in it they made a primitive crt monitor and suddenly i wanted to know how it could be made at home. This video explained the process really well and i wish to replicate this myself. Thank you.

[@Scodiddly]

Wow! That is just incredible - blowing glass and ending up with those mesmerizing patterns.

[@davidhudson1168]

That’s very impressive, well done.

[@jdflyback]

Thank you!

[@michaeleades574]

Great video it's great to see that tubes have not lost their fascination 👍

[@akihikosakurai4013]

Dr stone science holds up

[@hito-sama]

Absolutely 😏☕

[@31415zd]

Very nice work! You might be able to focus the beam into a smaller spot if you wind a solenoid coil around the neck of the tube, between the anode and the screen. Great video! Alex

[@039dalekmoore2007]

My camera was 32 line up i made it multi system using Steve Anderons digital to analog ramp generator since we are dealing with audio bandwidths of a pc which i was using to play back i could really only go up to 64 line ,never tried yet to hook it up to my multisystem NBTV monitors should not be as limited as a pcs sound cards bandwidth . On Troys camera they are all 625 line but very good construction diaries on how to make them and problems worth a look for sure ...mine are all NBTV at the moment i have make also mechanical camera with PMT and a flying spot version over the years .

[@AgeofReason]

Holy cow, bro. In the 80 crt was still old but the mainstay. Now, the shits called straight up stone age!! Made me laugh, and remember the old days growing up. I'm watching and sharing with a friend who has made his own radios before.

[@cholila-chubut-patagonia923]

Thank you very much, beautiful content. The amount of warm memories of my Father that you have evoked in me with this video is enormous. Thanks again.

[@theuniqid]

This is absolutely fantastic. I forgot to breathe watching this. Mate, this is stunning. 🎉

[@gabrielwolffe]

This information will be most useful for continuing my own experiments with electron beams. Thank you! I've been using Faraday Wax to seal my leads next to the glass, instead of tungsten, though I've heard gallium works quite well too. At the same time however, I've been using a cold cathode electron gun, so gallium or Faraday Wax would probably melt from heating a hot cathode. I might just be a scrub though. I've been trying to make my apparatus modular so I can use it to experiment with different components. Your glass working tips are very helpful as well. I can't believe I forgot I could use a power drill to turn the tube for flaring! I feel like an idiot now for trying to do it by hand. I can also see now a lot of the mistakes I made when trying to blow my own bulb; didn't know I was supposed to pinch it off, and I probably didn't get it hot enough. I just bought some zinc sulfide powder online for my screen, because I was too scared to touch anything potentially toxic (not that I haven't broken a few florescent bulbs for science before). Is there a trick to making the glass T-junctions though or do you just have to get them super hot? Because I kept messing them up and eventually gave up and tried to build my tubes using different methods. Using the HV line is a clever way to check for leaks; I never would have thought of that. Got any other tips, tricks, or recommendations for a fellow enthusiast?

[@ZeedijkMike]

What you manage to do with the tools you have is more than amazing. Very well done.

[@Tims_Projects]

IT'S ALIVE. I enjoyed watching that, who needs Netflix. I also like the fact you have made your own tools and equipment.

[@Chinthy2011]

I FOUND DR.SENKU 😁

[@hito-sama]

😂 sasuga

[@qvatch]

fantastic, totally worth 1:15 worth of video, that's really solid documentation. Scarily cavalier about lab safety though.

[@qvatch]

I'm just going to dump a few links on you here, on the off chance you might not have come across some of them. diy glasscutting sandblaster: kzbin.info/www/bejne/q16ki4Vnd694iM0 glass diffusion pump and cathode ray tube demo: kzbin.info/www/bejne/iaOxh395fdd9qrs diy scanning electron microscope: kzbin.info/www/bejne/kHqtYp1_Zt13nrs the other good use for tubes: kzbin.infovideos that nixie tube maker guy: kzbin.info/www/bejne/ramvZXiil9Scq6M I didn't see you use a graphite block or pad of damp newspaper when you were doing your glasswork, ever tried either?

[@moondaymood.]

Berotak senku 🧐

[@charliebrownn6622]

Pero que maravilloso canal acabo de encontrarme !!! Este conocimiento es sumamente valioso ! Tenía años buscando algo como esto!

[@SpinStar1956]

Get my vote for ‘Zombie Apocalypse Survivor’ 😊 !!! Great video, and really resourceful with your materials and tooling…

[@juliediazin]

Awesome build, no matter what anyone says - its still awesome

[@dannye5335]

Cool video. I have trouble understanding the workings of a monochrome crt I've been working on. You built a complete working one out of parts. Very impressive. All of your glass work on this project makes me wonder how hard it would be to cut open an old crt with screen burn and recoat it. Great job.

[@pstonard]

Not a good idea. A commercial CRT (basically any vacuum tube) will have a high activity Getter that is activated during production and after pump and seal. The cathode is also coated and activated after seal and Getter flash. Once the tube is cut atmospheric gas (air/oxygen) will destroy both the Getter and cathode. CRTs that are remanufactured for screen damage will also get a new gun installed, and after pump and seal go through the Getter flash and cathode activation. Same for CRTs that are re-gunned due to weak emission (dim screens) This is worth doing for TV Color tubes as the screen and shadow mask can be salvaged and represent a lot of "value" (costly production effort) I worked for a volume CRT builder for a number of years. My dream job at the time, and a great education.

[@zinckensteel]

Thank you - this is wonderful and inspiring :-)

[@jdflyback]

Thank you!

[@directcurrent5751]

Even the tools and other devices are DIY. Remarkable!

[@1kreature]

This is just wonderful! A thought on the filament glare: How about exploiting the light vs electrons in magnetic fields effect to "shadow" the screen from the light emitted by the filament? This means aligning the pinhole and filament in such a way that you have to bend the electrons path to make them hit the screen. The photons go straight and will miss the screen.

[@pstonard]

For a time in the domestic television industry there were "bent guns" in CRTs. The purpose was to make an "ion-trap" to stop the ions emitted by the cathode from poisoning the center of the screen phosphor. The electron beam was redirected to the center of the gun by an external magnet, the heavier ions were less deflected and harmlessly struct the wall anode.

[@cyndicorinne]

Nicely constructed!

[@TecKonstantin]

Amazing result!

[@jdflyback]

Thank you! It has been a long time coming. I would like to add deflection plates someday.

[@wafikiri_]

​@@jdflyback Remember deflection plates or focusing magnets don't need a vacuum, you can just add them to this CRT.

[@leomartihart]

Congratulations! It is an excellent project, full of art and science. I love your wooden housing instruments

[@RGCbaseace]

I bow before a true master So many disciplines MAD SKILLS

[@r__and__r]

Though it does somewhat resemble an electric crack-pipe, 100% an amazing accomplishment, well done!

[@getcartercarpark.]

AGAIN, an utterly amazing thermionic device made from scratch. FANTASTIC.........! May I ask why you didn't show the "simple" process of boiling off the water to leave the dried phosphor on the face of the tube?

[@stargazer7644]

My guess is because it took a while.

[@getcartercarpark.]

@@stargazer7644 Maybe, but that could have just been stated in the video, but I don't want that to be a criticism of a truly fantastic video!!

[@johncloar1692]

Great project very cool. It took a lot of hard work to get this done, Thanks for taking us along.

[@aridorjoskowich7283]

Thank you so much for taking the time to film, edit and post this masterpiece. There are no words that can describe my appreciation for you👑

[@gpo746]

Well done ! Would be super to see a video signal going into it , even a still picture would be fantastic .

[@QedleX]

I love your videos I'm interested in radioactivity you inspired me to make my KZbin Chanel

[@Time-cc2qb]

You are really amazing dude

[@ahczma]

Excellent video

[@InterdimensionalWiz]

USE A NEEDLE OR PIN. REALLY GREAT VIDEO! SPOT ON!

[@Dragon90815a]

Nice saw wave, or toroidal wave.

[@LyraBones]

Hi there! I was wondering if you had a circuit diagram or schematic or something for how you power the CRT? I know there's a high voltage transformer involved, but something like that would be really interesting to see!! Amazing results by the way! :P

[@jdflyback]

Thanks! I have a 0- 5V supply connected to the filament, a 0- -100V supply connected to the grid and a 0-30kV supply connected to the anode. All supplies are grounded to one side of the filament. the 0-30kV supply is built using an ac flyback transformer with a tripler. I try to keep the voltage on the tube less than 10kV to keep the xray generation down. I keep a geiger counter nearby when running it. I will try to make a clear schematic in a future video when I try to make a video monitor with it.

[@andycepi]

this is incredibly impressive and educational, subbed

[@ssupwan2490]

i found senkuu in real world😮😊

[@hito-sama]

😂

[@Niyachelowick]

Yeah, just that I thought when I saw the thumbnail

[@darranhatten7460]

Parents walk in while your drying the phosphor material. I swear I'm not smoking crack I'm making a CRT! 🤣 Nice work on building it, I wouldn't have thought it to be possible at home.

[@mohinderkaur6671]

That's great work! Excellent!

[@dudurds4366]

Very good projects, very few people have this technique of glass, impessive, electronics tubes. Great. How about a suggestion using this glass technique, a prototype of a co2 tube laser...!!! Congratulations

[@007007niki]

That is really amazing. You are a CB very smart young man with a bright future. 😊

[@dimanazarenko2921]

wow its amazing its like littel oscilloscope. so you can see who the tor of the light is going up and than down, so its making a hz like 2 or 5 hz i think, but its rally looking interesting you are really can see electricity ! its wonderful !

[@Dogface1984]

Very inspirational!

[@AvramBlackmith98]

Unbelivable. Respect, man!

[@user-kn1rm9sm9d]

Super!!! You genius!!!

[@jdflyback]

Thank you!

[@osmanivegen9876]

I want to say "you're legandary engineer" ..If there is an empty chair next to you, I would like to come and watch .

[@omsingharjit]

Why didn't you put that phosphor on the elements for efficient thermonic electron generation ?

[@ahbushnell1]

Nice. Some suggestions. You probably no this. Do you have glass blowing glasses. They make it much better to work with glass. They absorb the Na line (the yellow color).

[@039dalekmoore2007]

I also have a FB page i hoped would have more construction posts but most people were more interested in early television information i do have a bit of my work up there

[@MohammadHassanSohanAjini]

Nice job 🎉

[@69mercurycyclone44]

Wow just wow! That is some skill! Great video!

[@megatronskneecap]

This looks amazing! I would totally try this (if I knew what I was doing and how to protect myself from x-rays 🤣)!!!

[@GuitarQuackery]

You blow me away.

[@frankowalker4662]

Thank you for sharing this amazing video.

[@drPeidos]

Very cool project. Well done.

[@ef91valve]

Very simple comment to a great video, Brilliant! :)

[@matthiaswilhelm9813]

Very good Selfmade Tube👍😎💖

[@syedsamihaider4759]

Thank, really good demonstration, never seen before keep it showing such unique unseen things thank you again S S Haider ATL incharge.

[@syedsamihaider4759]

Please show some video on spot welding machine & succession pump level in bars or psi etc.

[@039dalekmoore2007]

Amazing work not a mad Scientist at all following all correct standard procedures ,i wish i had your skills ,i will for sure review your video for future experiments ...I would at your stage make a focus coil 2 sawtooth Ramp generators a deflection amplifier and make a raster ,So close you have already made your own working CRT ..if you vist the NBTV forum you can download software video for a 32 line tv system to feed it

[@jdflyback]

Thank you! It is in the plans! I want to try to get a camera working as well with a vidicon scanned at 32 lines.

[@039dalekmoore2007]

@@jdflyback Oh thats good you are so close if i could make one it would be in my plans as well ,i can't think of any one who has got as far as you trying this ,even those in the 30s would of got some one to have made their crts .if you make a new design for the television i would go with a flat face perhaps a bottle or jar .

[@039dalekmoore2007]

@@jdflyback i just posted a link to my vidicon construction diary ,i used a old iconoscope deflection coil so it was a bit long i think if you look at the results , by the way the NBTV forum is a great place to find the circuits for your camera and CRT monitor i know it would be fine for 32 line or up to 60 line all the software to feed the video to your coming monitor would be useful to you .

[@jdflyback]

Horrible KZbin deleted your link. If sometime you are able to repost it with some parenthesis added I would love to take a look.

[@039dalekmoore2007]

@@jdflyback i just noticed my posts from yesterday are gone again ! they are not letting people chat about links ! i will go to the top of the comments and try again

[@kwacz]

I really like it. Olny thing I thought about is radiation emissions. Is there anything I need to know about radiation exposure or is this pretty safe.

[@echothehusky]

Impressive work!

[@jdflyback]

Thank you!

[@claudeciralvesdasilva4550]

Excelente trabalho.

[@zombieregime]

IDK if its been brought up in other videos but.......bruh, please tell me you're wearing IR protection........ Like, lampwork is fun and all, but you gotta protect your peeprs.

[@WariceHimSelf]

Great video! I'm planning on making one of these

[@Dobrya4ok1]

Thank you for your video. So impressive! I have a question. Could you try to show us how a radiological meter is reacting? just for being sure that it's not created some rays?

[@spookyboo3164]

i love it give us more😀you can generate that wave form using a signal generator

[@HennerZeller]

Very cool build! Is the titanium wire covered in zinc, as you remove it in 54:18 ? Is it too corrosive otherwise so it comes zinc-protected like they do for steel ?

[@tapanhalder1327]

Very nice oscilloscope

[@rodriguezfranco3839]

It is the coolest thanks for sharing all this knowledge , it looks like a crack pipe 🤣🤣

[@AlexanderSalas-l6f]

No it doesn't u never seen a crack pipe

[@richardchambers256]

Very nice. I really like your videos. Very informative. I was wondering if you HAVE TO use water to gather the phosphorus from the lamp? Or could you use a different solvent that evaporates quicker and completely? Such as Acetone, Trichlor, Alcohol etc...

[@jdflyback]

Any pure solvent should work fine. The powder won't dissolve it any common solvent, we just want to make a slurry. Water works just fine. I did not show the process due to the suggestive nature. The phosphor and water mix is slowly rotated over the flame until it evaporates. This usually takes a few tries to get a good coating. It is possible if the liquid evaporated too quick the screen would be blotchy. During pumping the tube is heated to 900 degrees and any water vapor is driven out.

[@user-rf4nd2kt4t]

фигура лиссажу!!!прикольная!!!

[@iceberg789]

great work ! can we watch tv on this ?

[@bubbadoesitall1715]

100% going to do it

[@Static-le5pc]

Wow, impressive.

[@coronelkittycannon]

Absolutely amazing!!!