How To Survive the Little Ice Age

[@Aeturnalis]

What's really cool: she pronounced Nunalleq really close to correctly. The "ll" in Yupik is a voiceless dental fricative that sounds somewhat similar to the "ch" in German. So, kudos to the PBS Eons people for looking it up, that displays a lot of respect to the native Alaskan people who still live in that area today.

[@banukaii]

I was wondering about that, as im sure others were too. Thanks for making this comment :)

[@EMurph42]

👏👏👏👏 thank you for explaining that. And of course the would show the most respect & love, they’re PBS!

[@saassoos8736]

Pipi poo poo

[@dayglowjim]

I thought the "ch" in German was more of a palatal or even glottal fricative than a dental one. Th is a dental fricative.

[@NicholasHay1982]

@@dayglowjim it's a lateral dental/alveolar fricative, so more similar to the Welsh LL.

[@science.and.beyond]

Thinking about the people of the past, how they lived, and how differently they must have seen and thought of the world has always been something that has fascinated me.

[@RedbeardHS]

beyond i just watched every video on your channel and you sound just like me after i got shot with those rhino tranquilizers. love it man i can't wait for the next video

[@davidkelley5382]

Social & cultural history are fascinating. Well, any kind of history if I am honest with myself.

[@secularmonk5176]

8:46 I'm curious if efforts are underway to determine who are the descendants of the aggressors that destroyed Nunalleq ... they owe reparations to the descendants of the oppressed ... right?

[@thomasfleming8169]

Why would they owe reparations?

[@robertstewart7228]

Magnetic reversal news has some videos of the canyon of the ancients . Ect

[@Romizumab]

Mighty algorithm, please be kind to this humble reupload.

[@Bimtavdesign]

Amen

[@TheWildOddball]

Preach

[@Joelolski]

Amen

[@Tiberon098]

Why was it reuploaded?

[@Aereto]

@@Tiberon098 KZbin thinks it is climate change misinformation

[@eelkev.8547]

As a Dutch person I loved the reference to our frozen canals! We treasure those paintings by Bruegel. Even though the canals don’t freeze often, skating is still an important part of our culture

[@hwchen39]

Fun fact! In China the Little Ice Age took place during the Ming Dynasty. This impacted the clothing people wore. Compared to warmer past dynasties like the Tang Dynasty, Ming Dynasty clothing looks warmer with lots of layers, long sleeves and skirts. Interesting to think about how weather and science impacted the lives of historical peoples in different ways!

[@bruce350]

Interesting. All the Climate Change Experts seem to say it wasn't a Global phenomenon and only happened in Europe and was not as cold as claimed. I wonder why they say that when the evidence says otherwise?

[@JoseELeon]

Ok, but can we talk about how cute are the animations?

[@gyozakeynsianism]

They are adorable.

[@Alexander-is9jo]

Reminded me of Balto

[@saltdaemon4453]

husky bung holes... how cute. (wtf)

[@mikepette4422]

no we can't sorry there's no time for that

[@JoseELeon]

@@mikepette4422 :(

[@storyhollow6111]

I cannot express how happy I was to hear that the artifacts are being kept so close to where the were discovered.

[@thomasb1889]

Having some of them displayed in far away museums in a touring format would allow those without the ability to travel to where they are now to see them.

[@Dinoguy1000]

I still get a bit sad when they're naming off the month's Eontologists and it doesn't end with "...and Steve"

[@mohammedhassanakbari6722]

Why what happened?

[@mauricethegecko9700]

Yeah, me too. Steve was the best part of the end

[@scaper8]

@@mohammedhassanakbari6722 No one knows. He was just not listed one time.

[@annonimooseq1246]

@@scaper8 they actually said when he left that he just wasn’t a patron anymore which I don’t think is that unusual/concerning, but I like to think that he left and is currently metamorphing and will one day, when the world needs him most, return as *Steven*

[@westbysouthwest]

Some say he's still out there, wandering the dig sites and donating to this day.

[@juliestevens6931]

When my forebearers came to this country in the late 1880s, they settled in South Dakota at first and build sod houses because there were not enough trees where they were to build wooden houses. My family has really old pictures of my great-great-great-great grandmother outside her sod house with a canary in a cage. I was told the canary was considered a necessary purchase because they added color and joy to an otherwise dreary and quiet landscape.

[@DJArpit1]

Wow 🥺

[@ConquerYou]

No KZbin back then eh? That’s okay, in the early 80’s i was given tinfoil to play with. Saturday morning cartoons couldn’t come fast enough.

[@illustriouschin]

Canaries are necessary CO and CO2 detectors.

[@reuireuiop0]

Can indeed imagine people keeping canary to signal build up of bad atmosphere inhouse during long winters... but where did you get your burning woods ?

[@Roboprogs]

@@reuireuiop0 “chips” 😁

[@Laeiryn]

Thank you for the accuracy of the huskies' buttholes. It's those realistic details that show you care more about facts than anything else.

[@tananam9782]

But a period of Solar Minimum would have resulted in less aurora. This region is far enough south that visible aurora would be fairly uncommon during solar minimum.

[@kmw4359]

😂😂😂 Underrated comment. This deserves more likes!

[@angrypandable]

I thought PBS Eons was going to give us a survival guide to the upcoming ice age apocalypse.

[@Zardoz4441]

Yes, I thought so too!

[@godfreypigott]

What book of fiction have you been reading?

[@arnaudlafortune8879]

Likewise!

[@arnaudlafortune8879]

There are some good survival video out there. But, still she makes a good point showing that the Inuit life style is better at surviving ice age than ours. We just have to go back to finishing and hunting if we are to experience an ice age.

[@12jswilson]

@@godfreypigott it's not that farfetched. One of the concerns of climate change is that a significantly big greenland glacier falls off into the north atlantic and stops the Atlantic currents that take warm water from the Caribbean to Europe. Without it, Europe would be much, much colder.

[@jamesmonroe5641]

My mind is never tired of this. I swear, this is far better than college. Keep up the great work and God bless you.

[@nat_7998]

I would love to see a video on the topic of how fingernails evolved! :)

[@tribiz6762]

Weirdest topic I’ve ever heard, but now that you mention it, yeah I wonder how fingernails evolved.

[@pansepot1490]

I guess they are just modified scales. All body structures are modification and conversion to different use of pre existing structures.

[@hotmailcompany52]

With a follow-up or subsection about fingernails and cultures?

[@NawniColes]

@@pansepot1490 early primates had claws though, so I imagine nails came from them

[@AifDaimon]

@@NawniColes are nails & claws made from the same material though?

[@matheussanthiago9685]

omg, the animations are so cute pls keep 'em around forever

[@Hiznogood]

The winters where so cold in Scandinavia during that period, the king of Sweden, Karl X Gustav decided to pay the neighbors in the south, the Danish, a little visit riding over the ice with a band of jolly men. Boy, was the Dane surprised! 😉

[@martijn9568]

And didn't he also then decide to give a large part of Europe a visit, but slightly longer this time?

[@Hiznogood]

@@martijn9568 I’m sure of it, our kings liked to visit other countries a lot and make them their own. In the end we had to import a new king from France, because the one before seamed to forget to make new kings and instead waged wa... visited other countries so much that they died out.

[@98Zai]

@@Hiznogood Also, this imported french King mostly lazed about the castle and never managed to learn Swedish. But I mean, at least we all concluded that kings are pretty useless to begin with.

[@Hiznogood]

@@98Zai I think everyone prefers a king that’s to lazy to get into wars all the time! I think Sweden has been in to 58 wars, 30 off them against Denmark. I guess our kings really liked to shed their subjects blood, and very often their own too! No wonder we got fed up and decided to be neutral and stop waging war against our neighbors!

[@riograndedosulball248]

As long as he keeps the f* away of Austrian Cuirassiers or digging trenches in the open, in front of Danish fortresses, i guess he'll be alright

[@Miamcoline]

Really good effort. Really appreciate that this narrator and this channel are one of the few to bother to make sure to get pronunciations right and give credit to all the native communities that help contribute so much to paleantology, anthropology, habitat protection, ecological preservation, rewilding, and scientific research in general, but without being over the top about it.

[@raiknightshade3442]

The animations are so gorgeous tho I gotta say

[@unknown_matter7818]

yup agree

[@mistersantosnyc]

I could hardly concentrate (& I'm saying this in the best way possible) because of how achingly beautiful & (to my non-native eye) representational the animations were. They really did a lot to fuel my imagination about First Nation folk in these areas. Thank you so much

[@roxyamused]

Stradivarius’ stringed instruments, highly sought after violins, cellos, violas, have their special sound quality partially because of the mini ice age. The wood was denser. I say partially as Stradivarius was also an amazing luthier. Excellent, ultra rare materials in expert hands. Perfect storm of awesome.

[@fivegkills6111]

Veeeeery interesting 🤔🤠

[@jeffersonwright9275]

I would like to see PBS Eons talk about the relationship between the mass extinction events the world has experienced (at least 5) and their relationship with massive lava traps

[@jakealter5504]

They have touched on it when discussing the Permian Extinction and that it was likely triggered by the Siberian Traps eruption

[@wtfbros5110]

I wish they would cover the Triassic-Jurassic extinction and the CAMP

[@matheussanthiago9685]

@@wtfbros5110 aka the most underrated extinction

[@Laeiryn]

Honestly the Facts in Motion vids on those are already REALLY good...

[@westrim]

Oh, that's simple, only species that could correctly time their double jump to the next platform survived.

[@terriblyclawed]

Its always so cool of you guys to acknowledge the native peoples of the land you talk about when it comes to anthropological stuff. Archaeology and paleontology are unfortunately rife with racism and disregard for native peoples, and acknowledging their important contributions to the sciences is the first step to undoing these problems that are so deeply ingrained in the sciences we're passionate about 💞

[@DarDarBinks1986]

More like you want to kneecap non-native peoples to promote tribals who couldn't invent the wheel. We don't need their "permission" to dig up their remains and "cultural sites". Science is more important than "respecting tribal traditions". These tribes are ghosts and martyrs who deserved to be steamrolled. They didn't have the correct plants or wildlife for domestication. And they couldn't even work iron independently of any Old World influences. The game was rigged from the start, and geography is proof of that.

[@terriblyclawed]

@@DarDarBinks1986 you realize native people still exist right

[@DarDarBinks1986]

@@schuler5919 But did tribal Americans have horses and camels? NO! Their idiot ancestors killed all the native horses and camels off instead of domesticating them! What were they thinking?

[@Splett_man]

@@DarDarBinks1986 And still you saw advanced cultures with empire building, monuments and cities with equal or larger populations than most places in the world. They did that without draft animals and in many cases without metal tools too.

[@lindaterrell5535]

@@DarDarBinks1986 Food.

[@RandomPersonTime]

Watching the reupload to support my favorite channel!

[@trentonmeyer461]

Hey eons could you do a special about the sturgeon it's a fish that first appeared 200 million years ago and has branched into many fresh and saltwater species and they was supper successful in there respective habits but when humans started industry fishing them a lot of species became vulnerable and endangered or threatened, if you guys can make a video of the sturgeon it would really make me happy because then the sturgeon can hopefully get more support that they need

[@jamesdriscoll_tmp1515]

I am also urgin for the history of sturgeon.

[@trentonmeyer461]

@@jamesdriscoll_tmp1515 I'm glad someone else realizes the threat the sturgeon face

[@reuireuiop0]

Supper Successful * Caviar *

[@charliejohanssen7421]

Yes, this!

[@ARTICTOPA5]

I am also intrested in learning this topic

[@jorisbolhuis8483]

Well, Canals in the Netherlands still freeze in wintertime. It does not happen each year when looking solely at the last 10 winters, but this year we had a solid week for ice skating.

[@lucasotis9525]

This was an awesome episode! A cool slice of life with a huge amount of evidence Also, depressing question that might make an episode: have we lost fossils due to human mistake/mishandling, and how many do we know we've lost? How many have been found unexpectedly, in a weird place?

[@terriblyclawed]

We did once find one of our most significant proofs for feathering in dinosaurs being sold at a jewelery market

[@Lolibeth]

A lot of fossils are in the black market trade, meaning they lose provenance and context of where they were found.

[@martijn9568]

I believe some were lost during ww2 due to bombs falling on a museum.

[@ashleymesser6792]

@@martijn9568 The original specimen of Spinosaurus. I think Carcharadontosaurus as well.

[@Splett_man]

@@Lolibeth That includes many historical artifacts too.

[@kinomora-gaming]

Wow the animation for this episode was amazing!!

[@l2516]

The lady: * *It was so cold that Dutch canals froze, something that rarely happens nowadays* * Me, a Frisian: it giet net oan 😞

[@ARTICTOPA5]

Please dont be sad , heres a flower (๑ᴖ◡ᴖ๑)> 💐

[@k-saurrous]

Anddd lets say Nunalleq one more time!! such a roll off the tongue word. Awesome ep guys! ✌🏼👏🏽

[@scaper8]

It sounds like something out of Lovecraft and I'm kind of in love with it! LOL

[@emiliocofinco3151]

The little ice age occurred due a deep solar minima (Maunder minimum). During this time period the sun has little to no solar activity. No sunspots, solar flares, coronal mass ejections, nothing! As a result, the heliosphere contracts and weakens thus allowing a higher amount of cosmic rays into the solar system. A cosmic ray maximum leads to greater cloud nucleation and silica rich magma nucleation, thus leading to an increase in volcanic activity and greater cloud coverage. Consequently plunging the global climate in the northern hemisphere, leading to famine. This is about to happen again! Grand solar minimum. Great reset.

[@cloudpoint0]

Periods of huge increases in cosmic rays called Laschamp geomagnetic excursions have been examined and no climate effect was noted. The effect of cosmic rays is just too small to matter to the Earth's climate.

[@ragnkja]

Given that the cycle of solar minima and maxima lasts about 11 years, how could that cause a centuries long cooling event?

[@punditgi]

This woman is positively hypnotic. Together with fascinating and superb content. A combination for the record books. 😇

[@velksa6835]

Bro you are just down bad aren’t you

[@devynpresley316]

Future video ideas: 1. Who the heck is Steve (and all the other paleontologists fuelling PBS Eons)? 2. Why is it advantageous for insects to have more than 4 legs? 3. What can we learn about space by continuing research about Earth's past? :)

[@samlevin122]

I've gotta say, I really like the coverage of indigenous life in the Americas. I'd love more archaeology/anthropology of the indigenous people of the Americas!

[@shadowhenge7118]

What you guys are doing at PBS is wonderful. I grew up on this stuff and its cool my son gets to see these kinda shows, too.

[@1jodiemartin]

Hello Kallie, I just wanted to tell you that you inspire me to be a prepared and informed professional. I am always so impressed with your episodes. I also love your nails and adorable pins. I SO WISH you had been on my screen when I was a child. I am so thrilled to see a self-determined woman in the sciences for girls to see today! I would like to see an episode on protostones and deuterstones because I just think it would be funny to talk about. Maybe make the skinny guy do it because I like when he gets queasy.

[@chrissscottt]

I'd be interested in PBS Eons take on the 'Bronze Age Collapse' era.

[@reklessbravo2129]

Good idea! The Bronze age Collapse is fascinating

[@martijn9568]

Don't we then stray into history?

[@jandrews6254]

@@martijn9568 climate determines history

[@nihilistpenguin7511]

@@jandrews6254 Climate plays a role but it doesn’t control history.

[@guyh.4553]

You rock Eons! One item I wish you would have touched on was what the relative temperatures might have been. Love the videos!

[@An-Islander]

There's another interesting theory by Charles Mann in his book 1491, that the a major contributing factor of the little ice age was the fact that indigenous people of North America practiced controlled burning in forests for better hunting, so when Europeans disrupted all that post-1492, many forests experienced growth, changing the oxygen balance in the northern hemisphere. Though I can't remember exactly how that contributed to cooling, read it a while ago.

[@An-Islander]

@@grahamsouthern5583 I'm telling you, I read about it... shortly after 1491, so can't remember the details, just that stopping controlled forest fires had some impact.

[@JacobvsRex]

The book 1491 talked a lot about forest fires prior to European contact

[@jamesveronese6519]

Little Ice Age is my favorite MGMT album

[@muhammadrayhanfirdaus1309]

Ah I remember the village, Natgeo Photography Course had this village for story sample

[@paulpaulson777]

I love these animations!

[@BinroWasRight]

I love researching the Little Ice Age. How it affected clothing layers, especially in Northern Europe. The intense floods in early 14th century France during its onset that led to famine so great knights were selling their plate for bread. The way British crops proved hardier in wet, cold weathers. How the changing weather affected the Age of Exploration just as the previous thermal maximum had the journeys of the Norsemen. How the growing maritime trade routes were challenged by the very wild weather out of the blue that the period saw so often. And so much more. It's a fascinating part of being a 16th century historian and re-ennactor.

[@Doomquill]

Is there any way to get a hold of the music from this episode? The chill piano at the end made my heart ache with its beauty.

[@BrimaBelise]

Very much agree 🥺 a thing of beauty

[@merlinmeurer5339]

Love the sweet animations.

[@dogwalker1896]

Those animations were absolutely adorable

[@Tiberon098]

Its so cool to see a video on a place near where I live.

[@zhongxina6646]

We probably won’t live till the next ice age but this is nice to know

[@dazz318]

I hope we don't see it I will take warming over ice any day. Every cooling event brought famine, pandemics, war and empires fell..

[@martijn9568]

@@dazz318 That's not entirely true though. Both the Russian and Swedish empires rose to predominance during the little ice age. We could also add some colonial empires as well, but the colonists very often had a technological advantage. The thing is that a massive event such as global cooling can bring empires down, but those most adaptable are able to profit of the changing situation. An event like this really shakes up the carts, which are normally pretty rigid.

[@ajl2232]

We probably my will.

[@VosperCDN]

Interesting how this isolated village had less troubles than the more populated areas of Europe (in general, it seems).

[@davidjoelsson4929]

because they were not as dependent on argiculture

[@kellydalstok8900]

Even the Thames froze over in winter, which is much rarer than the Dutch canals freezing over, because the Thames water is brackish. They held frost fairs, markets and played games on the ice. At one time, an elephant walked on the ice.

[@cloudpoint0]

"The last great freeze of the higher Thames was in 1962-63. Frost fairs were a rare event even in the coldest parts of the Little Ice Age. Some of the recorded frost fairs were in 695, 1608, 1683-4, 1716, 1739-40, 1789, and 1814." - Wikipedia

[@richardburbridge6771]

Love watching this channel.

[@talideon]

Good job on that lateral fricative!

[@irsh2072]

Incredibly well done.

[@Lumberjack_king]

Those animations are so charming

[@rvdb8876]

"Semantic Scholar Glacier and lake-level variations in west-central Europe over the last 3500 years". During the Roman period, glaciers in the Alps were virtually non-existent, while in 1859/60 they reached their maximum extension of the last 3500 years, thanks to the Little Ice Age.

[@Deathscythe91]

simple , stay warm

[@baba5256]

nice job with the new animations.

[@boringbilal9224]

This is my new favorite science channel!

[@KimberlyGreen]

Hallmark of good journalism ... retractions & corrections to acknowledge / correct an error. 👍🏼👏🏼

[@1Fracino]

Hi, at 4:43 you say the People there didn't eat much of the meat of the Caribou. Why wouldn't they eat the meat of the Animals they Hunted during a Little Ice Age? What else would they do with the meat, feed it to their Dogs ~? Not following you on this point.

[@Steve-qd9oh]

Same thing that sent a BS red flag up for me. What, the fish were so good that it is all the people wanted to eat? Destroyed some of their credibility.

[@richardstern7158]

I looked it up in the scientific paper this is based upon: Amazingly they studied the isotopes found in the proteins in human hairs found at the site to work out what people were eating. The most common sources of protein were (very roughly): Fish (50%), Beluga and Seals (22%), whale (12%), Caribou (7%), Dog (3%), Birds (

[@culwin]

@@richardstern7158 Look at this guy, reading about facts and stuff.

[@briankirz231]

Man, this channel is so great

[@pendragon_cave1405]

Thank the gods, science and history that aren't Europe focused! Maybe it's just being immersed in it for most of my life (happily most times, i love learning about the origins of my ancestors) but I'm really ready for more info about the past that shifts the focus to other parts of the world.

[@suicune690]

I can't even imagine what future archaeologists will find in our landfills...

[@baddboybubby]

you didnt mention the albedo of SO2 specifically.. its the key to ice ages. mankind continues to have minimal impact on climate change... its volcano eruptions caused by solar forcing, which brings about the cooling. knowing this, how many volcanoes are now active as compared to before 2010? too many!

[@googlegilbertlevinmars322]

Lotsa souls to re cycle embryonic Yo

[@DominikJaniec]

animation are still lovely!

[@meganmorgan7562]

PBS, saving the world, one episode at a time!

[@Stardust414]

I didn't exactly learn how to survive the impending mini ice age 🤔

[@rayzorrayzor9000]

“How to survive little ice age” Doh 😖, just crank the heating up 😂

[@russkaiakoshka]

Great animations! Ty for your hard work and your awesome show :)

[@sebastiamgarcia2140]

I love videos like these that show how humans literally evolved to be hunter gatherers. Hence our worldwide success

[@simontmn]

I love how KZbin includes a Climate Change explainer in case PBS Eons is guilty of crimethink.

[@uninvolvedthirdparty]

Eons: "Albedo" Me having played SimEarth in 1993: PointingDiCaprio.jpg

[@lh3540]

I like the animations!

[@IrrevocablyZoey]

I love the animations.

[@gregalleman88]

I’ve heard we might be able to manually create a strong albedo effect by using ultra-white paint on top of buildings. Not sure how well that would counteract global warming, but an interesting idea!

[@Nathan-OHalloran]

I really like the animations used for depicting the village. Nice touch. PBS Eons is great like that though.

[@longcatnap]

Thank you Eons, I will be taking notes in case Yellowstone erupts. (I’m in the UK and have been told we’ll go into an Ice Age if that volcano goes off🥲)

[@godfreypigott]

Only if it has a super-eruption. Most of its eruptions are not that large.

[@danielles_mernitz]

I'm loving these animated graphics! Who did you team up with for them?

[@terriblyclawed]

I think the animations come from the historical/cultural society thats cited in the top right corner of the animations :)!

[@danielles_mernitz]

Ah - it helps to have a comments section and a monitor large enough to see the text 😂 Thank you

[@nemosomen]

Fun fact that I haven’t seen in the comments that helps me picture how recent this occurred: Mary Shelley (the author of Frankenstein) lived during part of the Little Ice Age!

[@ragnkja]

Specifically, it was written during an exceptionally cold year of the LIA, dubbed “the year without summer”.

[@nemosomen]

@@ragnkja yes!! Due to the especially inclement weather, she stayed inside during her vacation telling/writing stories :D

[@joedennehy386]

With respect, thete is no confusion over when the little ice age wae. And you covered it

[@climbingkid7]

Subtle detail: but really like the music the show has used recently

[@razorsedge3107]

I live in Wisconsin so I know how to live thru the “lil” ice age😂😂😂😂

[@yellowsnow230]

Same here!

[@ninhkhang91]

Same

[@cheaplaughkennedy2318]

👍😂

[@razorsedge3107]

@@ninhkhang91 lol fax

[@quintonneal2881]

Just wondering, how do the archeologists interact with the native people when excavating? You said the artifacts are in a museum. Are the natives ok with that? Or would they rather have the artifacts in their possession? Is it a collaboration between the two groups? Just wondering. Learned about how museums and natives don’t always get along in my anthropology class so it’s kinda an interesting subject for me rn.

[@roxyiconoclast]

I believe she said the museum is in the Native village closest to the site (Quinhagak). Also, as reflected in the graphic about the educational resource at the end of the video, the entire project was done in collaboration with the Qanirtuuq Native Corporation located in the village. This collaboration sounds like it might be a good topic for discussion in your course, doesn’t it?

[@figmentoffairies]

They usually treat them terribly

[@AV-uv9kx]

How DAAAARRRE!!!! YOU!!...😬...um...yaahhh...I'll pass on that special 🤣...but GO! Earth day tho!🌎💞

[@kellywolstenholme8134]

Commenting for the algorithm for this reupload

[@sergeigarbar1948]

Great! You are my favorite narrator on PBS.

[@kincaidwolf5184]

During the 16th century England experienced a little ice age and for a few decades the river Thames was frozen solid and people walked over the Thames to watch Shakespeare at the Global theatre

[@donaldcarey114]

Frozen over thick enough to walk on, but never frozen solid - that would be from top to bottom. That never happened. If you are going to comment get your facts straight (or learn the meaning of the term frozen solid).

[@kincaidwolf5184]

@@donaldcarey114 Wow, you're a sensitive soul. The metaphor "frozen solid" is often used in British English to imply that something is strong and robust. Thus when I say that the Thames is frozen solid I am saying it was strong enough to walk on. Not the scientific term... I understand that you speak a bastardised Americanised language and thus you seemingly struggle to understand common expressions.

[@godfreypigott]

It was not frozen over "for a few decades". It was only ever frozen over in winter, and there are only 23 recorded winters between 1309 and 1814 (the worst of the Little Ice Age) when it was frozen over. There were only five winters in the 16th century where the Thames froze over. And after 1814, it happened again in 1963.

[@donaldcarey114]

@@kincaidwolf5184 My, aren't YOU special - Linquists agree that American English is closer to Shakespeare's than YOURS is. Frozen solid has a SCIENTIFIC meaning that is the same on both sides of the pond. You were the one being sloppy, admit it.

[@simoncanet]

2:37 That looks like a Dragon Priest mask from Skyrim

[@tubeyhamster]

Good episode! I love learning about the little Ice Age!

[@esshor.]

You should do more videos on how to survive during various periods in history

[@gutemorcheln6134]

Can you please do an episode on evolutionary anachronisms? I swear, it's fascinating!

[@LeoDomitrix]

That 1.2* C? That's the difference between "not frozen" and "frozen". It's a small number with a huge potential impact.

[@stevesstrings5243]

Great stuff!

[@menkomonty]

Could I survive a Little Ice Age? Perhaps. Could I survive a marathon of the Ice Age movies? HELL NO!

[@mikeoxsmal8022]

Ice age good movies

[@roysnider3456]

Not to nit pick but you mention Dutch canals freezing during the mini ice age but you didn’t mention the Thames river in London, it froze so hard they had festival’s with rides out on the ice every winter for decades,and even had a way to use a “burn barrel” for heat and cooking. I’m pretty sure London is further south then Holland.

[@theodoretibbitts9538]

it is not, all of Britain is Northwest of the Netherlands.

[@CMichaelEH]

impressive pronunciation of the /q/!

[@AnhTran-xo9ik]

I'm loving the animations!

[@cheesedude1733]

ATTN: PBS EONS! Here's a concept for string of shows. - Niches. Define a number of environmental niches - like tall browser, insectivore, pack-hunting carnivore, etc. - and follow them from the first creatures to fill the niche through the extinction events to the modern age, to see how the creatures changed, but stayed the same. I figure you could get at least a dozen shows out of the sub-series. No charge. ;-)

[@SullenSecret]

I'm just confused about the name of that village. It's spelled "Nunalleq," but she says it very proudly as "Nunaqleq." What's going on?

[@Engitainment]

My guess is the specific indigenous people pronounce it that way.

[@talideon]

The 'll' represents a sound called a lateral fricative. It sounds a bit like the start of the word "clean". It's kind of a hissing sound with you palate. Welsh has the same sound, where it's also written "ll".

[@SullenSecret]

@@talideon - Thank you. 😃

[@jmh8817]

Thanks for the reupload!

[@gab.lab.martins]

Europeans: "We are superior, the most advanced form of mankind and civilisation on the planet." Nunalleq: "But you can't survive a little cold?!"

[@warnegoodman]

The nunalleqans didn't survive it, the site was abandoned. That means everyone died.

[@gab.lab.martins]

@@warnegoodman zombies abandoned the site?