How to Wear Hanfu | Ma Mian Skirt (馬面裙) from the Ming Dynasty

Ma Mian Qun (馬面裙) literarily means Horse Face Skirt, but it actually has nothing to do with a horse’s face. It’s the single most representative skirt of the Ming Dynasty.
This video will show you a step-by-step tutorial on how to wear this combination of standing collar long shirt and ma mian skirt. I will also talk about each individual pieces as well as the history behind them.
Hanfu, meaning Han Chinese Clothing, or as I'd like to call it Han Couture, is what ancient Chinese people wore for thousands of years.
Traditional Chinese Clothes changed from dynasty to dynasty and there exists hundreds of variations.
------------------------------------------
Earrings and necklace from Yun Boutique:
Enamel Lotus Tridacna Earrings - www.yunboutiqu...
Peony Enamel Tassel Necklace - www.yunboutiqu...
------------------------------------------
Hair accessories from FlyinJewelry:
www.etsy.com/s...
------------------------------------------
Facebook: Five Thousand Years
Instagram: Five_Thousand_Years
中文KZbin頻道：goo.gl/MPJijL
------------------------------------------
Cinematographer: Jimmy Xie
www.jimmycxie.com

[@alatarmaia7]

it's so great to find an english-language channel that talks about chinese fashion history! your videos are fascinating and i appreciate all the historical details behind how the clothes developed

[@mooncake4371]

There has been some controversy with a Chinese drama where the actors are wearing a type of Hanfu that looks similar to the Korean Hanbok, and Korean people getting angry. I’m glad you are showing us many types of Hanfu to show that Hanfu is not only one style of dress, but many many types.

[@Gun5hip]

This is one of my favorite styles from ancient China.

[@im_starstarstar]

Me too

[@christinem4266]

Me too and I’m Chinese.

[@younce-davis952]

Agree!!!

[@洛神·賦]

agree

[@gyanchauhan2534]

I really love those who remembers there culture just like us Indians. Chinese also proud of there ancient history respect🇨🇳🇮🇳🇨🇳🇮🇳🇨🇳🇮🇳🇨🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳

[@christinem4266]

We love Indian people and your amazing culture! 💗 Love no war!

[@洛神·賦]

India is also one of the four ancient civilizations. The traditional clothes of India are very beautiful.❤️

[@khlee6635]

The other definition of ma mian skirt is a tick petticoat that made with a fabric from a horsehair. Before Ming has created, Yuan Mongolians were ruling China. They made Korea into their vassal state once and required Korea to offer young women as a tribute to them. During that time, some of the young Korean women who became concubines of Mongolian nobles spread their own culture; one of the example was the fashion. Korean women in that time wore multiple layers of thick patticoat to extend skirt into a fashionable shape, so that influenced other Mongolian noble women and Chinese women who were living in the northern districts of China. After Yuan Mongolian empire collapsed, Ming Chinese empires rises and change their capital to Beijing from Nanjing. So, women’s fashion gets influence from the Mongolian fashion that is influenced by Korean culture of wearing multiple layers of thick petticoat. After that, Ming Chinese ladies wore multiple layers of petticoats under the skirt until the reign of Hongzhi Emperor, when he was prohibiting a imitation of foreign barbarian tradition and returning to the original Tang and Song chinese style.

[@FiveThousandYears]

There's no doubt Ming dynasty attire is heavily influenced by Yuan Mongolian styles. Thank you for the background info :)

[@moonlightpaw5868]

KH Lee it do look like Korean skirt

[@hanfuwiki5534]

History and Differences between Chinese hanfu(漢服) and Korean hanbok(한복) 중국 한푸과 한국 한복의 역사와 차이점 中国汉服与韩国韩服的历史和差异 kzbin.info/www/bejne/b6bUaouOl6mhrKc

[@hanfuwiki5534]

The "skirt" you described as "a tick petticoat that made with a fabric from a horsehair" is kind of bustle under the skirt used to make the skirt inflating , they are not really a kind of skirt. You'd better learn Chinese language before you rumors and confused the two words mamian skirt(马面裙) and mawei skirt(马尾裙)， they are totally different.

[@hanfuwiki5534]

@@FiveThousandYears 博主您好，请您不要被这些韩国人误导了，您是目前英文博主里面做汉服做的最出色的，有些韩国网民靠着大家不懂汉语混淆视听，乱解读文献。明朝汉服除了曳撒贴里之外大部分都是继承宋制，我们针对韩国人的谣言专门写了一篇批驳文章，您再次遇到这些人时不要手软，直接用文物图打脸就行了。hanfuwiki.net/portal.php?mod=view&aid=78

[@CrystalArtest]

The modern version of the Tang dynasty skirts’ construction reminds me of European petticoats. With sides openings and ties.

[@bapyongukgukguk2352]

Hanfu is so pretty !!

[@raggedyhaggity250]

hands down ming is my favourite hanfu style. the collar, the vest it looks very comfortable, elegant and regal. im just crying at the lewk you serving

[@morbidmistress5602]

I love the vests and the round metal necklaces the most

[@antonina0zuzanna]

There is a close-up on the beautiful emroidered shoes - I'd love to know more about this piece of chinese fashion :) Especially that I bought two pairs of such shoes when in Taiwan. They are in the basic shape, just like modern ballerinas, super comfortable !

[@MultiDarkAngel91]

I fell in love with the show "love like a galaxey". For the first time I am learning about China's history and how to make my own dress.

[@sawdust2001]

Thank you for your video! Just bought a full-set for my Professor and struggling to find a precise tutorial!!!

[@Gelicidiad]

Oh, I wish I had found this video while I was trying to make my own Ma Mian skirt! This explains how they're constructed so well! When looking at it being worn, I couldn't figure out just how they were made. ;A; Thank you so much for showing us your collection and educating us at the same time. Do you know if there are any other seams in these types of skirt? or were they generally all one long piece of fabric?

[@themoonflowerfaerie]

I am a new subscriber and so happy I found you :) I have been interested in ancient fashions from both China and Japan. I am hoping to obtain some of the reproductions for myself soon. Really enjoying your videos :)

[@Виктория-и9л9ю]

Лично мне нравиться это одеяние и пусть критики по ту сторону экрана пишут всех-что хотят вы молодец.

[@dancingdreams89]

just found your channel and have been binge watching. I just want to thank you for making these videos. taken such time and effort when making them.

[@cyanleafgu2522]

It looks very elegant and beautiful.

[@70n24]

Beautiful! All the small details work together to create such an elegant look. Thanks again for the great visuals and explanation.

[@MissGroves]

Your channel is exactly what I've been looking for, real evidence from archaeology shown, history and the correct names PLUS how to wear! Amazing and informative, thank you

[@ffghcg4105]

结果现在dior说这是它们的原创轮廓，无语😒

[@Turtelik]

I love your videos - they are so informative yet beautiful and calm ^^

[@OroCosplayer2009]

auto subscribe for a beautifully made content, clean voice over & easy to follow english :)

[@olga8843]

Very helpful videos! Thank you so much!!!

[@sarahperricone9171]

Very interesting! Subscribed!

[@aprilfrenchdesign]

Hi! Your channel is exactly what I was looking for for a period accurate interpretation of what Chang’e in the movie Over The Moon would wear. Thank you so much!

[@elisel8828]

So gorgeous, I am watching a ton of Hanfu lately, I am so falling in love with Chinese Hanfu

[@MissSkittlestar]

Kesalul pointed moccasins ❤

[@לירוןעוזרי-ג4ל]

You must be so proud of your culture!

[@bowerbirdstyle7661]

Such fascinating clothing. I love the many light layers, contrasting linings and ties and beautiful embroideries.

[@svyatoslavrurikovich8831]

Please do a video on Zhou dynasty clothing as well!

[@darker_than_black]

The fabric is very good

[@Angela-oj4us]

I've been wondering more about my ancestor's culture. Thank you for the video! It's really helpful!

[@照明-m9n]

例行来支持

[@toweringmaple2331]

Where did you get the skirt? Its gorgeous.

[@tanyayoung8769]

online

[@FiveThousandYears]

I order most of my hanfu from Taobao.com and ship them to the U.S. If you are new to hanfu, I would start with bigger shops such as 重回汉唐、花朝记、汉尚华莲 I personally really like designs from 踏云馆. Hope this helps :)

[@teresaames7902]

Five Thousand Years in English the other shops? Love your videos I am from California my grandparents lived in San Francisco and I am sure you are familiar with history but my grandmother was a nurse and always respected other cultures. When she moved to Long Beach I remember her and my grandparents favorite restaurant. I transgress. I am multicultural thanks to my father and always felt a bit cheated on cultural day at school what would I share, lol now I share all. I am Greek, American Indian, Viking, and of course a few other European which I’m proud of as well. My children can add African. But this is great !

[@nikiii8455]

@@FiveThousandYears please please tel me the exact name of the clothing on taobao because I want the exact same 🥺🥺

[@pammiim]

I just found your channel and I enjoyed your video so much. It's educational and entertaining at the same time. Thank you so much for making this kind of videos.

[@michaeltaylor7307]

This is such a beautiful look

[@emanqt9890]

Nice modar

[@Mint_TennoKai77]

❤❤❤

[@Sensansenkai]

All of your videos are so beautiful and helpful! I’m curious, do you know if there’s a reason this skirt is in two panels and not just one?

[@张明儿]

❤️❤️❤️

[@huangjingzhao8430]

Very informative.

[@insence100]

Woow im looking forward to an in depth qing dynasty series hehe

[@mr.cebuano2843]

Qing ?

[@benliu9956]

日本道场服的裙裤正面还有褶子和马面裙的特征有点像，不过其他部分更偏功能性，没有相似性

[@pinecone789]

能介绍红楼梦里的青面背心吗，还有掐心

[@바보입니다-d3o]

I'm also from ming dynasty💘🥺😳

[@ColonelMarcellus]

Ally must have thousands, or even tens of thousands, of dollars invested in her instructional wardrobe. Also, to research this vast amount of knowledge of the development of a culture is indicative of scholarly potential. She should easily be considered as a Chinese scholar on this pursuit alone.

[@laiz2754]

Could u make a video about the style of the qinq dynasty. (For men and women)? If it doesn’t bother you 💖

[@bapyongukgukguk2352]

Hello ! I love your channel and subscribed :-) ! I would like to know what time of ingredient were used for ladies' cosmetics please ! Thank you

[@monica_diaz_tourist_guide]

I love your videos! Besides the shirt construction, that you explain very well here, would there be any rule about when and why some skirts seem to be lined but others aren't?

[@6Euphoria6]

ohh could u upload a video about how to wear jialong ruqun? i cant find anything on it QAQ

[@morbidmistress5602]

Jiaoling Ruqun? You wear it the same as Aoqun, just tucked under the skirt instead.

[@6Euphoria6]

@@morbidmistress5602 oh ok

[@kimberlygoodwin8500]

Very beautiful. Can you do a video on how to wear Hanfu from the Northern and Southern dynasty? I am a fan of wuxia and xianxa dramas and their costumes look to be from that period. Thank you.

[@jenniferisintherain6343]

I didn't know this called Ma Mian Qun. I just simply called them Hanfu. They looks so elegant!

[@ladylaiz4548]

Hey, I got a question... maybe it’s dumb but I wanted to make sure. If someone lived in the qinq dynasty, could he/she still wear a hanfu that was “modern” in the ming dynasty ??

[@Chrisiant]

One of my favorite stories is "Dream of Red Mansions'. This skirt and underthings would have been worn then by the characters? Would the ornaments be the same? And the undergarments you show, would these have also been worn for sleeping? What would be worn on the feet? Thank you for your delightful videos.

[@meikelorenzen6456]

💝 B E A U T I F U L ! 💝

[@xkika1011]

Lovely!

[@张明儿]

99

[@19PurpleRice68]

Hi - Do you have this type of skirt pattern or instruction how to make it to share with me? thanks

[@madfortrad07]

Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge! I'd love to know more about shoes in ancien China :)

[@erinb4237]

That modern version with the two ties is used in historical European clothing, so I'm sure it is hypothetically possible that some Chinese skirts could have used foreign techniques.

[@masterkoi29]

European???? Before the Europeans travel to China, Chinese people has already their own styles of clothing which was passed down since from the ancient Chinese dynasty.

[@masterkoi29]

Looks like you doesnt know any history of Chinese clothing. Back in Tang Dynasty,the tang emperor allowed foreigners to travel to China and many clothing styles of China has been copied by those foreign travellers.

[@omggiiirl2077]

Skirt in Mandarin is Chin? Or Chim? Either way in Korea we call hanbok Chima. Its so funny how much Mandarin I can understand because so many terms in Korea have changed to Sino-Korean over the centuries. Ma is the same as wel and we call horse Mal. The character in Korean is read also as Ma. The character for Han is the one designated for Korea, not Han Chinese. I am watching Ruyi's royal love in the palace and was shocked at how similar so many words were. No wonder so many Korean ladies could just go to China and operate and just learn the language. Sorry I wanted to become a linguist and anthropologist when I was younger so languages and thier relationships interest me...

[@eridaaklys5797]

Great that you enjoy the show! Maybe that I can answer your question (even if this comment is now quite old). Skirt in mandarin is pronounced as qún (裙). I am also curious about languages (I learned some Mandarin in the past, but I am not that familiar with Korean language) and I was also wondering : do you read the Hanja "裙" as "gun" and can "gun" be used interchangeably with Chima? Or is Chima distinctive and is only used in the context of Hanbok? Concerning the character Han, it is actually not the same character. The Hanja character which designates South Korea should be this one (韓) which is actually pronounced as hán (traditional Chinese character: 韓 ; simplified Chinese character: 韩) in Mandarin. However, Han Chinese uses this character 漢 or this 汉 (traditional Chinese character: 漢; simplified chinese character: 汉) to denote their ethnicity and it is pronounced as hàn. The Hanja for Hanbok is written as 韓服 (simplified chinese character: 韩服) and would be pronounced as hán fú in Mandarin whereas the Hanfu (汉服 or 漢服) would be pronounced as hàn fú in Mandarin. As you can see, both Hanbok and Hanfu sounds similar in Mandarin, but they are obviously not the same thing at all. The tones and the proper use of character is very important. When we write it in english, we do lose a lot meaning as we can now confuse Han and Han with each other. P.S. If my explanation is faulty, please forgive me. Mandarin is actually my fourth language. So if anyone has corrections re: my explanation, please comment

[@omggiiirl2077]

@@eridaaklys5797 so...chima is the term for skirt in general. And because korean isn't a tonal language many of the sino korean words are only determined by way of context. So although hanfu is the term for Chinese traditional clothing, we use a different term for that. We call them joong gook jeon tong ot/bok. As you can guess joong gook is the same as 中国 then jeon tong means traditional and ot means clothes and so does bok. I am pretty sure jeon tong has Chinese Characters as thier basis as well I just don't know them. But a lot of the vocabulary is surprisingly derived from Mandarin or whatever was spoken during Tang dynasty. We do use a lot of our own words, but I was amazed at how much I could understand from just listening and picking up the conversation. Maybe this is how the different peoples communicated back then. I always wondered how different groups interacted if they couldn't understand eachother, but I'm thinking they did for a lot of the time, at least in broken sentences. Kinda like how a a Latin speaker could understand Spanish or italian....or maybe even Flemish.

[@eridaaklys5797]

@@omggiiirl2077 Wow, this is really interesting ! Thank you for your reply :) I tried to learn Cantonese and Hakka (客家) dialect, but I found it so different from Mandarin. So when you speak of the similarities between Korean and Mandarin (or whatever they use during the Tang Dynasty), I am really amazed too. I think that maybe with centuries of cultural exchanges, people managed to communicate and share similar words. Maybe trade and diplomatic envoys did play a role, e.g. merchants have to pick up several languages to be able to sell their goods in different countries (even if the sentences were completely broken and sometimes out of context). I think non-verbal gestures could have also facilitated those communication exchanges. But you are right about Latin speakers, I can also speak french, so when I read Spanish or Italian, I do have a broad understanding but lose the small details.

[@morbidmistress5602]

Tbh I think korean sounds close to cantonese, because we have k/p/t/m endings that mandarin doesn't have. skirt = gun/kwun, white = baek/bak, grade = gup/cup, three = sam, time = sigan

[@carina9015]

Hanfu is Chinese. Ming-made Hanfu has its own development history. Please don’t confuse the concept and apologize to others’ culture.

[@flair4crafts894]

Beautiful! Why don't you teach us how to make a hanfu dress? That would be nice too

[@ColonelMarcellus]

How about videos on: (1) footwear--shoes and socks--during some of the various dynasties, (2) wearing these wonderful dresses during rain/winter/bad weather, and (3) overgarments (coats, etc) worn during cold weather. That's 3 presentations total, any one of which will probably keep you busy for awhile.

[@JinTaoJun]

Was it only worn by women or men as well? I love the structure of it so much!

[@duongminhthu3638]

Where can I buy this? I have been looking for it everywhere 🥲

[@duongminhthu3638]

Especially that one fruitful horseface skirt 🥲🥲🥲

[@audreym859]

Thank you for the video. Could you tell us what music you used around 1:30? It's very beautiful

[@junainoakuma]

Now this is hanfu

[@ABcdefgI143]

we have more than 5000 years of history, there'll be a different type for each era, and every dynasty is very different :D

[@laiz2754]

@@ABcdefgI143 yeah but could u wear a hanfu of the ming dynasty while living in the qinq dynasty? It was not “un-modern”?

[@ABcdefgI143]

@@laiz2754 we never had a quinq dynasty so 🤷‍♀️

[@laiz2754]

@@ABcdefgI143 f*ck autocorrection ! The point of my question is just, could someone (who lived idk in the ming dynasty) wear a hanfu that was woren in one of the dynasties before? Or was that like out-fashion??

[@laiz2754]

Sorry my English is broken rn

[@张明儿]

🇨🇳🇨🇳❤️

[@张明儿]

🇨🇳❤️❤️

[@tmrrhph5531]

Plz answer this question Hanfu=Hanbok O/X

[@heHe-ts7cx]

HANFU≠HANBOK HANBOK≠HANFU

[@MabeEstilismo]

La historia de la peluqueria= desvelandolapeluqueria.blogspot.com/

[@barbiebarbie1813]

交叉領才是真正漢服. 而你穿的不是.

[@노유정-e1v]

?

[@bumsoobumsoo-jc5vx]

hanfu is just copy of hanbok hanfu was named Hanfu in modern times. Hanbok and Chinese clothes are simple to distinguish. 高丽样 汉服 Korean hanbok (韩服),,Scythian clothes are two pieces of pants ( skirt ) and Top ( jeogori ) Chinese dress is one piece 高丽样 汉服 Goryeo customs were popular in Mongolia, and they were called ‘Koryeoyang’.-- Yuan dynasty (1271~1368) Hanbok became popular in the early 14th and 15th centuries of the Ming dynasty China.-- Ming dynasty (明 1368 ~ 1644)Not mingfu ㅡㅡ Ming dynasty (明 1368 ~ 1644) Not hanfu ( 汉服 ) ㅡㅡhan dynasty China. BC202~AC220 ,,, hanfu was named Hanfu in modern times. Not hanfu ( 汉服 ) Koryeoyang ok Hong Chi-je, the ninth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, declared a ban on Goryeo hanbok, saying it was the clothes of the eastern orangka. Don't distort historical truths, but look at history as it is. 明朝九代皇帝弘治帝宣佈禁止令說:"高麗韓服是東方的夷狄之衣。" 不要歪曲歷史真相，要真實地看到歷史 Korean hanbok (韩服) 20th century. It was called Hanbok in modern times. 高丽 Goryeo BC 37~668 新羅 Shilla BC 57~935 高丽2 Goryeo (918~1392 ) 鲜国 josun (1392~1911 ) 韩国 Korea(1911~ )

[@jaxyoung8846]

stop lying ,plus Korea has nothing to do with Goryeo.it's not even your history~ chapter:선조실록 41권, 선조 26년 8월 2일 癸未 4번째기사 1593년 명 만력(萬曆) 21년 황정욱을 삼성 추국하여 적진에서 있었던 일을 공초받다 it says 衣冠文物，一从华制. Which means your dressing and civilization all obeying China. 中国服饰最美！ 朝鲜王朝实录 高宗36卷：“我邦疆土，系是汉、唐古地，衣冠文物，悉遵宋、明遗制，而袭其号，无所不可。”

[@jaxyoung8846]

Although our country situates in the cornered place next to the sea, with a narrow territory, our customs, our music, our etiquettes, our laws, our code of dress, our writing language, our instruments, fully follow China. The morals and ethics are manifested up in the court, the edification of the masses is implemented down to the bottom. The beauty in the mores has made our society almost equal to China in repute. The Chinese call us the Smaller China. - The Initiatory Book For Children, Park Se-moo, 1541

[@jaxyoung8846]

Sorry, Bro but you have to read your own ancient history books to know the truth even though they were written in Chinese but that's the only way! stop making fake history!

[@sgcl10658]

This looks nothing like Korean hanbok yet Chinese claim hanbok were hanfu from Ming dynasty.

[@ABcdefgI143]

ming dynasty lasted for 300 years + , so there were a lot of changes during the dynasty as well!

[@sgcl10658]

@@ABcdefgI143 I never saw a Ming outfit looking like hanbok. If you do, show me a link. So far, I only see baseless claim from Chinese without evidences.

[@ABcdefgI143]

@@sgcl10658 we never said hanbok looked like ming dynasty hanfu as well, we only said to not distort history. so far, i've only seen baseless claims from koreans too, twisting words from historical books, saying 马面裙 is 马尾裙, etc.

[@morbidmistress5602]

In both countries there is uneducated people that believe any comments they see and then exaggerate it. I know korean court clothing was influenced by Ming, but some (square) collars in hanfu were passed down from Goryeo to Yuan to Ming. As for the similarities, just search up hanbok vs aoqun (female version). I have both clothing so I'm going to say the collars and the slits on the sides are similar.

[@masterkoi29]

Stupid, you must know that China has the longest and oldest civilizations before you were born. Ancient Chinese dress codes traced back since the shang dynasty,the clothing hanfu originally started since the shang dynasty and passed down from generations to generations and created their own different style

[@bumsookim8303]

高丽样 汉服 Goryeo customs were popular in Mongolia, and they were called ‘Koryeoyang’.-- Yuan dynasty (1271~1368) Hanbok became popular in the early 14th and 15th centuries of the Ming dynasty China.-- Ming dynasty (明 1368 ~ 1644)Not mingfu ㅡㅡ Ming dynasty (明 1368 ~ 1644) Not hanfu ( 汉服 ) ㅡㅡhan dynasty China. BC202~AC220 ,,, hanfu was named Hanfu in modern times. Not hanfu ( 汉服 ) Koryeoyang ok Korean hanbok (韩服) 20th century. It was called Hanbok in modern times. 高丽 Goryeo BC 37~668 新羅 Shilla BC 57~935 高丽2 Goryeo (918~1392 ) 鲜国 josun (1392~1911 ) 韩国 Korea(1911~ ) hanfu is just copy of hanbok in modern times. 漢 han dynasty ( BC202~AC220 ) 明 Ming dynasty (1368 ~ 1644 ) ,,1644-220=1424 yaears 2021-220=1800 yaears Any evidence of what you wore 1800 years ago. What Hanpu is in the Ming Dynasty If it's Ming dynasty clothes, isn't it Mingfu Chinese Hanfu is a new word that was born 20 years ago Chinese wear Chinese clothes Qipao

[@jaxyoung8846]

hanbok is a new word from 1980 I'm pretty sure about that. before that Korean only wear white clothes.

[@jaxyoung8846]

Nie shi Cheng, an official from Qing dynasty also recorded Korean’s breast expose hanbok in his documents during his inspection in Korea. Korea also known as 백의민족-白衣民族 (the white clothes people)

[@jaxyoung8846]

You are so funny! you don't even know what does Han stands for but making up so much nonsense!

[@yanyanL90]

this argument between hanfu and hanbok made me try to read some explanation in the history of hanfu, i think many people also like me they mistake the Han in hanfu and hanbok is the same, but now i know the “han” in the hanfu term is not for han dynasty, it stands for han people, a majority ethnic in china, so no matter what dynasty it still called as Hanfu. also chinese people began to wear Qipao after the Qing dynasty

[@张明儿]

❤️❤️

[@amandasargi8227]

Where do you buy these pieces?

[@wewokkece8071]

I love your vocal

[@MoonStar_Studios]

Thank you for these videos my I really want to know about ancient fashion mostly how people used to dress before the modern ages 😁🙇🏾‍♀️

[@dadakopinski8462]

Linda, MARAVILHOSA E RICA a cultura ancestral de vocês.

[@amandasargi8227]

Hi, I love your videos! Could I make a request? I would like to learn more about ancient China undergarments, male and female, I tried to find something, but the info was very basic and didn't expand on the subject, my curiosity comes from the fact that European undergarments for woman, in my shallow knowledge, were one form of avoiding damaging the exterior garments with sweat and dirt from the body, once they were not easy to clean while linen chemises were, besides protecting the body from the stays/corsets being in direct contact with the skin. As such I would like to know if for the Chinese the undergarments served the same purpose or not. also, I would like to know the order everything is put on. Thank you for your time!

[@musicandbooklover-p2o]

Thank you for an excellent description of the clothing from the late Ming dynasty. I have to confess that while I do really like the skirts I am not such a fan of the long shapeless blouse/tunic top. I much prefer the draped robes of the Tang dynasty for those. Thank you again and you have a new subscriber. Regards and stay safe. from Dublin, Ireland.