I “brainstorm” while watching her videos so technically…I’m writing??
@christinekaye63934 жыл бұрын
I guess I nailed my hook. My first beta reader messaged me that she had started reading and "it's after midnight. My bedtime is 9:00." She read the book in 2 days.
@akgwriting94813 жыл бұрын
Nice
@sarahgass3 жыл бұрын
Congrats!
@chaoticweeb2293 жыл бұрын
Late, but that’s great! I hope the same thing can happen to me one day...
@aarong193 жыл бұрын
@@chaoticweeb229 I'm sure it will! What's it about?
@cary72613 жыл бұрын
what was ur hook?
@doandroidzdream4 жыл бұрын
"The human brain gets high on watching other people make decisions." - this resonated with me so much I had to write it down :)
@omarfaruq67673 жыл бұрын
Fr.... A mind blowing epiphany, innit? Abbie is a gift from god💓
@auroraasterix2 жыл бұрын
Yeah I rewound and watched this section over and over - I felt like so many things clicked into place when she said that
@Iso20227 Жыл бұрын
It’s brain food. It makes you think about what you would have done it that situation. And that is how you know that the author succeeded with their book.
@kidanemariameyob8752 Жыл бұрын
I heard this was scientifically proven when they scanned the brains of two monkeys only one was eating a banana while the other watched. The result of the scan showed that both brains had the same image.
@zm63424 жыл бұрын
"Justin injures himself" is killing me.
@ellaa4994 жыл бұрын
Justin: injures himself Abbie: Why does that matter to the character? How does Justin injuring himself transform him as a character and take him on an exciting journey? Why do we care that Justin injures himself? Why does HE care? What internal conflict has been destroying Justin’s insides that him injuring himself basically tips him off the edge? Why. Does. It. Matter?
@tildeathplayingparts3 жыл бұрын
It almost killed me, too.
@C0CKTAVIAN3 жыл бұрын
It's the most riveting story ever!!
@anna-yb6wd4 жыл бұрын
Is our girl working on a new book? 🙈
@SpiritedHeart944 жыл бұрын
Justin injures himself *Abbie & me at the exact same time* “Well that sounds riveting.” Me: 😳😂😂😂
@AbbieEmmons4 жыл бұрын
😂😂😂
@SpiritedHeart944 жыл бұрын
Abbie Emmons omg thanks for the ❤️ Abbie! 😊
@rodschmidt89524 жыл бұрын
Scrooge gets visited by Marley. Luke sees the princess' call for help. Dorothy gets a visit from Mrs. Gulch, wants a place where there isn't any trouble, and sings about the land that's somewhere over the rainbow. Wendy sees Peter's footprint on the third-floor carpet, with some out-of-season leaves from unknown trees. Harry gets a letter from Hogwarts. It is the character's first contact with the Special World.
@chloeelimam38993 жыл бұрын
Would the tornado or the visit from Mrs. Gulch be the inciting incident?
@toobert2 жыл бұрын
@@chloeelimam3899 I think Mrs. Gulch, because that causes more of an internal change than the tornado, which is like the epitome of external conflict. A literal natural disaster tears up her life, but Mrs. Gulch gets her to think "What if there was somewhere else, where I could be more than what I am now?"
@sandrosebastian86644 жыл бұрын
"We get high off of watching other people make decisions." That's an interesting way to look at it, since we are not just looking at characters make decisions, but also the author making decisions.
@truthhurts9924 Жыл бұрын
I am a historian. Very few people truly realize what you just said, 'stories began as non-fiction, to tell an account of something that actually happened. It was so that others could learn from the past and gain wisdom and knowledge through the lesson!' I already liked your stuff, but this truthful analysis of oral history (ie. stories) has pushed me over the edge. You have earned my subscription. Way to go! The truth changes everything!
@stefanienici3 жыл бұрын
Listening to these videos can really inspire or ‘wake’ up a writer .
@seanpazz4 жыл бұрын
The specificity of leaving ones comfort zone is a great tip. Thanks Abbie!
@alainad63643 жыл бұрын
OH MY GOSH. Okay, so. I've been working on this story for seven years now (since I was eleven). It's grown up with me and everything, so it's not the same story I started writing all those years ago. I'd written 120 pages of the book, then scrapped it to rediscover and reconsider my plot when I found Abbie about two years ago. I just finished writing over 20,000 words of outline (I have ALWAYS been a pantser, so that's a big deal, lol). I'd worked on my characters a bunch before then and thought I had them down...except for one of my main characters, Silas Avers. He's been tricky to figure out because he kinda already has what I thought he wanted, so sorting out why he'd make the decision he makes during the inciting incident felt impossible. BUT IT JUST HIT ME. Literally while I was watching this, it just fell in my lap. AGHHHH. I'm so excited. I've been avoiding my book for a couple weeks now because of this...but now I can go write confidently again!!
@glessier Жыл бұрын
How is it going?
@Iso20227 Жыл бұрын
Nice. There’s nothing like the jolt of excitement when you fingered your book out. Also, love that name, “Silas Avers”. My main character is Yuen Vigil.
@acasualuser1617 Жыл бұрын
9:08 I... I am totally surprised! So many times I asked myself "Why the hell am I torturing myself for a "hobby" I'm talentless at?" Now I understand that writing isn't just my hobby anymore. I don't write to entertain anyone. I want to tell them about something that could change them for the better. That's why I even write in the first place! And I didn't realize it! Miss Emmons, thank you for coming to my life. You taught me more than any Literature teachers I know combined.
@LilyDreamHandmadeАй бұрын
❤
@MsMadelineTwoPointOh4 жыл бұрын
Lil Miss Badass, you are so good at this, I can barely stand it. Love watching you break things down. Penciling in Watch Abbie for alternating Craft Studies time blocks so I don't just binge all day every day for the sheer joy of it and can take actual notes to use to build my story. Thanks again for the ever-so-useful fabulousness (That's why you get that Patreon coin on the regular.) Have Big Fun!
@AbbieEmmons4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much!!!
@deaeilla73879 ай бұрын
As a therapist and neuro-nerd, I died of happiness at “neurons that fire together, wire together” - we say that all the time in the neuroscience world!
@nikkoleburns32134 жыл бұрын
I'm never disappointed when I click on your videos! Cannot wait for next week's video!
@AbbieEmmons4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for your kind words! They mean so much to me, and I am thrilled that the content I make encourages you to chase your dreams and make your story MATTER!
@R.S.NYC052 ай бұрын
Thank you, Abbie. You are a great teacher
@dawnyurenwick4 жыл бұрын
Abbie you are so wonderful at breaking this down! I’m blown away at how much my writing has improved when I shifted from a plot-driven/scenery describing story ⏩ to a character-driven one. Much thanks to you! 🙏🏼 Also, I have a severe hearing disability and rely heavily on captioning and lip reading. Your expressions, enunciation, rate of speech, and lovely smile *all* help me receive your message loud and clear! This means so much to me 😘
@stronggirlsyndrome4 жыл бұрын
Was just working on character design (Drawing)!! Needed this as a break
@MusicallyMeLHTB19 күн бұрын
I’m in the process of binge watching this entire playlist so I can turn my novel idea into reality! Ilysm Abbie! Keep being amazing 😊❤
@SK-qh6cq Жыл бұрын
I am swallowing these videos! Abbie thank you so much! Your blessed!!! I love this work you put out! Its really amazing how it helps us all!😌
@wonderwomanx12682 жыл бұрын
This is extraordinarily powerful, thanks Abbie. Love the idea of giving characters agency in choice, revealing their courage or cowardice, rather than a lazy external force deciding FOR them.
@ChaseCharaba4 жыл бұрын
Absolutely loving your new videos! I'm about to plunge into a new draft of one of my novels (I used to call it a side project, but I kind of like it better) and since I was only 20,000 words in last year I wanted to make sure the outline was strong. I used your 3 act structure template with what I already knew happened and now the entire novel is laid out in a 3500 word outline. These new videos are helping me tweak the individual beats just a little as I get ready for Camp NaNoWriMo. Your channel has become my go-to resource and I share your videos on Discord all the time!
@adah51954 жыл бұрын
This is what I needed today 😭 thanks you so much you are an amazing creator!!
@AbbieEmmons4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for your kind words! They mean so much to me, and I am thrilled that the content I make encourages you to chase your dreams and make your story MATTER!
@martingifford5415 Жыл бұрын
Wow, this video was amazing. I sat through two years of a writing diploma where they just repeated stuff that I had read a million times like, "The door of no return". That course hardly helped at all, but Abbie's videos make everything visceral. Thanks!
@bobb60054 жыл бұрын
Is the "inciting incident" essentially the "meet cute" for romance stories?
@bookishwriter94604 жыл бұрын
The soon-to-be partners should still both have an internal conflict, or the romance won't matter at all.
@Lolashoesable4 жыл бұрын
yes! here’s a link that was very useful for me about how the three act structure works in romance www.savannahgilbo.com/blog/romance-structure
@lovesonglight2 жыл бұрын
This is one of my favorite story writing teachings I've ever experienced!! THANK YOU!!! 💖
@jamescarvey21332 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this lucid explanation of the nuts and bolts of the inciting incident in a story. I did include an inciting incident in the story I'm writing but it is tepid. I couldn't fathom why, but now I do. What I neglected to highlight was why the protagonist was thrown out of his comfort zone. Also why the protagonist had to meet the challenges. I did create an aura of impending foreboding but that was about it. It's back to the drawing board for me, and this time it is with a sharper pencil. Much appreciated🙏🙏🙏🙏
@mericet86106 ай бұрын
that part @11:40 about why game shows and LOL real-estate shows was mind-blowing. Never noticed.
@brunobilandzija18233 жыл бұрын
nice to see someone who isn't just going blindly by the "book"...instead you provide very well thought out concise, coherent and correct information in a natural relaxed way...awesome videos in every regard...thank you!
@bela14094 жыл бұрын
ahh yess i was so exited to finally watch a video of yours again!!
@heathermacdonald64044 жыл бұрын
Abbie, if I ever get my novel published, I'll have you to thank.And I will thank you! In the meantime, thanks for keeping me entertained and teaching me something while I make dinner. You're a star! : )
@ExploreImagineDefineCreate4 жыл бұрын
I would love a video discussing and analyzing how to do a negative, static, or a 'dark' character arc. Postive arcs are widely seen, but I was thinking of doing an arc that would lead my protag from being a typical fantasy adventurous hero, to an a-hole who thinks strength is everything and he can do no wrong, to an antihero whose lost everything because of his flaws culminated in the perfect situation for someone to take advantage of and is now on the path of revenge, to a guy who just wants to settle down and live a normal life. He keeps on getting worse and worse as a character, and in the end he just wants to leave it all behind. Maybe find a way to make amends with his past, forgive himself, and find redemption. I'd love examples of something like this and some discussion, analyzing, and breaking-downs of this concept.
@penguineeee6440 Жыл бұрын
I recommend reading solo leveling (it's a web novel/comic) it is similar to how you described ☺️
@youpratter4 жыл бұрын
Love your authenticity and no BS attitude ❤️
@KutWrite4 жыл бұрын
"The neurons that fire together wire together." Fantastic! I'm about to finish the first draft of my first novel. This info will REALLY help me do some important revisions and tweaking (the literary kind). I don't know how you keep coming up with such important topics, but... THANKS!
@AbbieEmmons4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for your kind words! They mean so much to me, and I am thrilled that the content I make encourages you to chase your dreams and make your story MATTER!
@matthewwriter9539 Жыл бұрын
I am here from three years in the future. And I have just subscribed because of this series.
@alisonmadalinski7472 жыл бұрын
This series is really helping me improve my story. Thanks for sharing!
@SaraOLN4 жыл бұрын
I have a video suggestion! Maybe you could walk through your own personal process of developing your characters from 100 Days of Sunlight and explain how you got to their most developed form? I also thought that it would be cool to show how to make an antagonist with an MBTI type. I'm struggling a lot with characters, and it's a long process, so I would appreciate if you would make some more soon again 😊. I love your videos. They help me so much 🌻❤.
@AbbieEmmons4 жыл бұрын
That's a great question! Stay tuned, because I'm going to be making a video on this topic soon! If you’d like me to answer a specific question about your story, I would be happy to discuss it in my monthly VIP podcast, which is available through my Patreon: www.patreon.com/abbieemmons :) Thank you so much for watching!
@love2learn-itsastorynotasu404 жыл бұрын
@@AbbieEmmons oof, I'm a "broke" teenager...... I really wish I could join🤞
@Iso20227 Жыл бұрын
@@love2learn-itsastorynotasu40 Same 😔
@abiodunade82422 жыл бұрын
I just watched your climax video and it helped me finish off my main planning for my plot. Right now I’m going through your videos to see what I should add as well as working on sub plots. Your videos are amazing and extremely helpful
@ellaa4994 жыл бұрын
“What. The story takes care of the rest? *very concerned look* I have never. Met. A. Story. Who took care of the rest for me.” -Abbie for president 2020
@ryantherobber75613 жыл бұрын
! Yes!
@TheBritishDragong Жыл бұрын
To be fair, I’ve never _met_ a story either
@TV7NewsReporter2 жыл бұрын
Content is gripping, she gets right to the high points without wasting time
@rachelgooden99813 жыл бұрын
This girl is a very very good teacher.
@chelseadanico8773 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the awesome and informative writing advice, I definitely needed this for my book so much. Since I’m writing the beginning of chapter 1 of my book tales of the old West: haunting legends of the superstition ancient mountains I’m writing. Chapter 1 of my book is kind of lacking a inciting incident and conflict. The first scene in my book is literally just my three main characters at a creek in the mountains doing some gold panning. Until a group of strange alien monsters show up and causes my main characters to get scared and run back to homes in their hometown in the valley below. I feel like I definitely need to fix that and make the beginning of chapter 1 just a bit more interesting and add a conflict and inciting incident. This video definitely really helped me out a lot on getting me started 💕🌟😎❤️ thanks I greatly appreciated the video
@hedgehogz_rockz93253 жыл бұрын
I love the flowers in the background. Idk why. They just make the room.
@SparklySpencer4 жыл бұрын
Thank you, this helped me feel like I could write again
@AbbieEmmons4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for your kind words! They mean so much to me, and I am thrilled that the content I make encourages you to chase your dreams and make your story MATTER!
@Saiorcha4 жыл бұрын
Your point on the MC being an active participant, to a punching bag is my biggest issue in my current project! My MC is being hunted by paranormal beings far more powerful than she is, and finding a way to give her any kind of decisions over the chaos that ensues is incredibly tricky. Definitely going on to check out your plot vs Character video next!
@ruth58303 жыл бұрын
My life is completely changed because of this woman!! Thank you so much Abbie!
@darrylaevans7 ай бұрын
you were very entertaining in this one! Thanks.
@angelartist16532 жыл бұрын
Starting my first story and these videos have been such a big help! thank you
@ROMANTIKILLER25 ай бұрын
I've been binging many of Abbie's videos, and I must say they are really helping my with the review of the first draft of the novel I'm writing. I have read enough books to feel that the core elements were there, but something was missing and not clicking. These videos are helping me identify what that "something" was and how to try to fix it. Thanks!
@LottieHancock4 жыл бұрын
wow! I just realized why my inciting incident has to happen how I planned it! Thank you, Abbie!
@hannabosley51753 жыл бұрын
just want to say how incredibly helpful your videos are
@eugenia63564 жыл бұрын
I'm so thankful you put templates for us, so that I don't have to write everything down.
@jdb60262 жыл бұрын
6:51 That little chuckle, I sounded like that when I chuckle.
@hudcat3 жыл бұрын
Super helpful and relevant! After a number of other videos, this one actually answered my questions.
@qaswedfr1234 Жыл бұрын
Her videos are sharp and addictive....inspiring
@dalisandbooks82934 жыл бұрын
Wow that intro!! You are killing it!
@evmorfiamar40373 жыл бұрын
Okay this really helped me understand my protagonist better. I realize now more deeply what she's all about and it really helps me understand and decide her next steps.
@Infinite.phases Жыл бұрын
Thank you for these videos. They are done so well and the content is presented so well too. You are very good at this. Really enjoying it.
@MichaelaJungheim3 жыл бұрын
You’ve resparked my excitement for my story!
@juparula3 жыл бұрын
I keep coming back and back and back to your videos because THEY ARE THAT DANG GOOD! Thanks Abbie!!!
@loridee96674 жыл бұрын
Wow! This is a fantastic video. I have always been confused by the Inciting Incident and you nailed it with your explanation! Thank you so much! I'm binge-watching your other videos!!!
@natalie_kendel Жыл бұрын
I LOVE how you shredded Donal Miller's quote. He has set himself up as a prolific expert in "story" for years. And honestly, so much of what he says and writes is BS and inflated.
@nadineriley91702 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for clarifying so many writing 'mysteries!!'
@SerendibiteStudios Жыл бұрын
Here’s how I look at character driven stories vs. plot driven stories: If your story is all about the events HAPPENING TO the characters, it’s plot driven. If your story is all about the CHARACTERS experiencing the EVENTS, it’s character driven. Make sure that the events truly mean something to the character, rather than events happening while the character is just there to see it. You don’t want your character to be like some spectator watching the events through a glass wall. You want the EVENTS to come to the CHARACTER. You want the events to infiltrate the life of the character. Think of it this way: Your character lives in this little circle, which they are comfortable with. It’s their comfort zone. The events of the plot are a vine, growing into your character’s circle and wrapping itself around the character, forcing it to leave the little circle.
@abby_x_art Жыл бұрын
This was really helpful, thanks!!
@doctorkimcruises4 жыл бұрын
I create a mindmap and work out scenes in my head while watching Abbie's videos. It helps to bring my process into focus!
@rodschmidt89524 жыл бұрын
Great and helpful video! Just one thing: You began with some other people's attempts at definitions, which were inadequate, but you didn't try your hand at writing your own definition. Challenge!
@kaleykriesel5063 Жыл бұрын
I'm finally really using these tips and THESE ARE SAVING MY STORY. My writing class is amazing but I haven't gotten this much out of it yet, and this is free! XD Thank you so much for the inspiration and clarity! My story is already more exciting and gripping than it was this morning and this is the third video I'm working through.
@Jekelsey2 жыл бұрын
YOU are the advice I have been searching for. THANK YOU!!!!
@camecazzame12054 жыл бұрын
Hi miss Abbie! I love your videos. It really helps me in writing. I'm a fan of yours from the Philippines. ❤
@katherine13044 жыл бұрын
i’ve been having issues with my inciting incident!! excited to watch this 😊
@chrisdunker54 Жыл бұрын
I quite agree on this matter. I liken it to a simple exercise that got me interested in psychology: a person is in a room. The door is locked. They can't get out. There is nothing to talk about. But if the door is open and they still won't leave, well then things are getting interesting.
@AucklandNZ13 жыл бұрын
This video was so helpful, thank you Abbie, I've have taken notes - I'm now going to watch the follow-on from this one - great to learn such good stuff! From Lake Taupo, New Zealand.
@CapnTimb2 жыл бұрын
You know, when I first heard you say "I don't just teach you how to write, I teach you how to change the world", I thought that was an exaggeration. But I am coming to see that you really mean it. Thanks Abbie :)
@obsessedwithart2313 жыл бұрын
I’ve come up with this beautiful, complex character, great internal conflict, backstory, fears. Now I just need to come up with a plot, storyline, setting , ending and what the heck this book will be about
@mdb396024 жыл бұрын
Man, this clip opened up so much insight on what I need to be doing for my inciting incident...It's one of those no-brainer things (after watching your character design clips) that probably would have slipped past me....But now knowing what I need to do...It's hurting that brain 🙉. Good thing I have the characters fleshed out. Keep up the sick vids! Mucho enlightening ✋😌👌
@chrisgiles6677 Жыл бұрын
You have the best videos that are helping me out a lot. Thank you so much. You have such an awesome way of putting things
@candellina64 жыл бұрын
It sounds like Abbie really likes to use the 27 Chapter plot structure. If not, the 27 Chapter plot structure at least lined up with what she was saying. The Embryo plot structure is also a great example of a good structure. Most plot structures will share the same core elements of efficient story telling, but they will vary in what order the plot points come in first or emphasis on parts.
@Awkward_Baby2 ай бұрын
Internal conflict
@superstarleo184 жыл бұрын
I have actually planned almost all of my story and realized after watching this video that my inciting incident is not that big? Do you think it has to be something huge that throws the protagonist off completely or is a subtle change in their life ok too? I am very unsure and just want some advice
@AbbieEmmons4 жыл бұрын
Subtle is totally legit!
@skmuskanrahaman1690Ай бұрын
@@AbbieEmmons Can it be related to something the protagonist does to herself for example suicide.
@alexchase6763 Жыл бұрын
The deadpan, "Well that sounds riveting." at 3:16 made me laugh, so thank you.
@vandini81854 жыл бұрын
You're so wise Abby. I really love your take on things.
@MichaelaJungheim3 жыл бұрын
I LOVE YOUR VIDEOS!!!!!!!! Ok seriously though, I keep getting epiphanies for my book while listening to these!
@jannelledear26453 жыл бұрын
I love your videos. You explain writing concepts so well.
@theupdat39 ай бұрын
I love this channel so much, i mostly write comics but this video really helped on the script im working on.
@foreverforest40284 жыл бұрын
Thank you this is so helpful!
@chaeyoungvideos57424 жыл бұрын
Im studying for a quiz and this popped up....
@RieRieGirl Жыл бұрын
Stories are tools for teaching. Yes!
@sahare7862 жыл бұрын
I was actually cracking up when you said, "STORY TAKE CARE OF THE REST? WHEN HAS A STORY EVER TAKEN CARE OF ITSELF?"
@AnglerVoiceActing Жыл бұрын
4:17 Leigh Bardugo: But what if....... *what if we make them all morally grey*
@crunchydragontreats66923 жыл бұрын
I created this channel to focus on my love of TTRPGs and become a better GM for my players. Abbie’s channel is going to go a long way towards that goal. And maybe, I’ll hammer a few words on an anvil. We’ll see where this goes.
@krstrid3 жыл бұрын
Your tips are honestly fire, Sensei Emmons. So much information in a short amount of time. Great value packed in this channel. Would buy the masterclass but employment during covid is precarious. Just want to say that I've learned a lot in the last few weeks. All the best.
@ashirahelat47493 жыл бұрын
Invaluable information Best writing advice ever
@peacekeeperharmony4906 Жыл бұрын
I love this!!🥰I love sharing and making fun stories!! I’m working on my own collection of stories and I’m learning a whole lot of new exciting stuff!! I’ve a ton of really nice story and book ideas and recommendations from what my family and friends say, and we’re thinking and wondering if you’d love to hear about them!! thanks everyone and have a fun day!!😊
@opalfenwick39532 жыл бұрын
Consider the like button smashed. _MERCILESSLY._
@blackhagalaz3 жыл бұрын
I´ve watched a lot videos on this channel recently, and the more I do the more positive I am about my book, because 1. I now know what to improve and 2. there are some things I already somehow did right without knowing. Although for both of my Characters the Inciting incident comes at slightly different points in time, they each got their own unique on fitting on their personality. MC Nr 1: Inciting Incident: runs away from home to escape overseas; fear: causing danger to his loved ones by staying, goal: grow up to become a strong enough person to protect his loved ones . -> Arc: He ends up finding love he thought he would´nt deserve/ Protecting the people he cares about from great harm through a sacrifice Mc Nr. 2: Inciting incident: forced to marry a man she doesn't know, fear: being pushed in the traditional role of a wife without being worth anything else in peoples eyes, goal: following in her mothers footsteps as healer/ proving herself she is worth more than people think of her. ->Arc: She becomes a healer, and proves to herself and the world that she can change something/ She actually sets a lot of societal Change in motion/ Is free from being patronized Especially figuring out MC Nr. 2 was kinda hard at the beginning, because when I started writing the book she started of as a typical "damsel in distress". But Working with all the great writing advice here on youtube I somehow managed to turn this character around lol.
@crystalwaid5184 жыл бұрын
I LOVE your way of teaching!!!
@AbbieEmmons4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for your kind words! They mean so much to me, and I am thrilled that the content I make encourages you to chase your dreams and make your story MATTER!
@georginakosi5411 Жыл бұрын
Sometimes my story just can't be plotted. Now I realized maybe the misbelief is wrongly formulated or I just need to approach it differently. That's when I ask myself you questions - to figure out a sense-making plot - and it works like magic!
I love your videos and you’ve taught me so much. You’ve touched base on writing your blurb and having that as a reference to keep you on track. As we continue on our outlines I’d love for you to elaborate on the blurb so I have a reference to refer back to as well. Thanks for everything! Rock on 🤟🏻