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Hrad Czorsztyn I Czorsztyn Castle

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2 ай бұрын

História:
Hrad Czorsztyn, pôvodne nazývaný Wronin, vznikol ako drevozemná pevnosť od založenia kláštora klarisiek v Starom Sączi, ktorému v druhej polovici 13. storočia patrila celá krajina Sądecczyzna. Ich predstavenou bola vtedy svätá Kinga, manželka Boleslava Cudného, ​​vojvodkyňa z Krakova a Sandomierza. Pravdepodobne bola iniciátorkou stavby, no je známe, že z poverenia klarisiek hrad spravoval rytier menom Wydżga z rodu Janina. Azda priamym impulzom k výstavbe hradu bol tatársky vpád do Malopoľska v roku 1287. Wronin mal strážiť hranicu zeme Sącz na rieke Dunajec, ktorá bola zároveň hranicou kráľovstva, ako aj rozdvojenie r. obchodné trasy.
Prvá písomná zmienka o hrade pochádza z roku 1320, no vzťahuje sa na právny stav z rokov 1300 - 1307. Vystupuje pod názvom „castrum Wronyn“, hoci od roku 1348 sa hrad nazýval Czorsztyn. V tom čase bol kráľovským majetkom, plnil funkciu strážnej veže chrániacej hranicu a colnú komoru na obchodnej ceste, ktorá začínala v uhorskom Budíne a končila v hlavnom meste Poľského kráľovstva Krakove. Bol aj administratívnym centrom starostov a jedným z najdôležitejších obranných cieľov krajiny. Kedy presne sa stal majetkom panovníka, nie je známe. Mohlo sa to stať za vlády Václava II., počas česko-uhorského konfliktu alebo za čias Władysława Łokietka. Tá po korunovácii v roku 1320 podriadila colné komory v zemi Sącz kráľovskej správe.
History:
The Czorsztyn Castle, originally called Wronin, was erected as a wood and earth stronghold from the foundation of the Poor Clares Monastery in Stary Sącz, which in the second half of the 13th century owned the entire land of Sądecczyzna. Their superior was then Saint Kinga, wife of Bolesław the Chaste, duchess of Cracow and Sandomierz. Most likely she was the initiator of the construction, however it is known that on behalf of the Poor Clares, the stronghold was managed by a knight named Wydżga of the Janina family. Perhaps a direct impulse for the construction of the castle was the Tartar invasion of Lesser Poland in 1287. Wronin was to guard the border of the Sącz land on the Dunajec River, which was also the border of the kingdom, as well as the bifurcation of trade routes.
The first written information about the castle comes from 1320, but refers to the legal status from 1300 - 1307. It appears under the name “castrum Wronyn”, although since 1348 the castle was called Czorsztyn. At that time it was royal property, acting as a watchtower protecting the border and the customs chamber on the trade route, which began in the Hungarian Buda and ended in the capital of the Kingdom of Poland, Kraków. It was also the administrative center of the starosty and one of the most important defense objectives of the country. It is not known when exactly it became the property of the monarch. It could have happened during the reign of Wenceslaus II, during the Czech-Hungarian conflict, or during the times of Władysław Łokietek. The latter, after the coronation in 1320, subordinated the customs chambers in the land of Sącz to the royal administration.
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