Hungary in World War II | TIK Q&A 25

A few questions today about the Axis Allied Armies and their role on the Eastern Front. I decided to focus mostly on Hungary today and give an overview of the events leading up to World War II, and then also the situation on the Don, where Gusztáv Jány's Hungarian 2nd Army and the other Axis Allied Armies are defeated in 1942-43.
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If you like Stalingrad, you may also enjoy historian Anton Joly's KZbin channel "Stalingrad Battle Data". Link: / @armageddon4145
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History isn’t as boring as some people think, and my goal is to get people talking about it. I also want to dispel the myths and distortions that ruin our perception of the past by asking a simple question - “But is this really the case?”. I have a 2:1 Degree in History and a passion for early 20th Century conflicts (mainly WW2). I’m therefore approaching this like I would an academic essay. Lots of sources, quotes, references and so on. Only the truth will do.
This video is discussing events or concepts that are academic, educational and historical in nature. This video is for informational purposes and was created so we may better understand the past and learn from the mistakes others have made.

[@TheImperatorKnight]

The main source I used here was Cornelius’s “Hungary in World War II” which I highly recommend if you want more details on Hungary. If anyone has any good books on why Italy was on the Eastern Front, let me know, because I’m still not certain why they went East. *Sources* Axworthy, M. "Third Axis Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941-1945." Arms and Armour Press, pdf 1995. Cornelius, D. “Hungary in World War II: Caught in the Cauldron.” Fordham University Press, Kindle 2011. Glantz, D. House, J. “The Stalingrad Trilogy, Volume 3. Endgame at Stalingrad Book One: November 1942..” University Press of Kansas, 2014. Glantz, D. House, J. “The Stalingrad Trilogy, Volume 3. Endgame at Stalingrad Book Two: December 1942-February 1943.” University Press of Kansas, 2014. Hamilton, H. "Sacrifice on the Steppe: The Italian Alpine Corps in the Stalingrad Campaign, 1942-1943." Casemate Publishers, 2016. Hitler, A. "Mein Kampf." Jaico Publishing House, 2017. Trigg, J. "Death on the Don: The Destruction of Germany's Allies on the Eastern Front, 1941-44." The History Press 2017. von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, E. "Leftism: From de Sade and Marx to Hitler and Marcuse." Arlington House Publishers, PDF 1974. A full list of all my WW2 and related books can be found here docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/114GiK85MPs0v4GKm0izPj3DL2CrlJUdAantx5GQUKn8/edit?usp=sharing Thanks for watching! Bye for now!

[@StephenFarthing]

Thanks for this. I have some more references for those interested in the Hungarian Army in WW2 An illustrated chronicle of the Royal Hungarian 2nd Army Don-bend 1942-43 - Hungarian Ministry of Defence Battle for Budapest - 100 days in WW2 by Krisztian Ungváry Take Budapest - The struggle for Hungary Autumn 1944 by Kamen Nevenkin Hungary in the 20th Century by Ignác Romsics

[@kucsidavee]

Hello! Hungarian here. To your uncertainty at: 48:57 , yes, there were a lot of arm-twisting. The transylvania situation was one of them to keep both the romanians and the hungarians aligned. For both sides, they had to please the germans so they don't take their half of Transylvania away; Also there was the situation of the grandson of Horthy being (eligedly) kidnapped by germans and threatening horthy to kill him if he doesn't commit to the eastern front.

[@TheAngelobarker]

Italy was there as solidarity for Germany at first kinda because the germans helped in africa they sent a relatively effective smaller force at first. Then Mussolini wanted glory and sent more troops that italy couldn't supply. The reinforcements had a few elite units but the supply situation was untenable. The italian navy helped in russia and finland too.

[@nottoday3817]

Why they went East? TiK? Do you really have to ask that? Isn't that obvious and well known? Germany helped Italy regain control of North Africa and throughout the Balkan campaign. So they went East to help the Germans. Also. They needed oil. Germany would get the oil from the USSR so the Italians surely wanted a chunk out of it. Where else would they get oil to run their massive battleship fleet?

[@TheAngelobarker]

@@nottoday3817 not exactly about the oil. If you assume post war italy already knew about libyan oil. They just couldn't get to it without us oil tech. They already were setting up italian oil drilling companies prewar tho.

[@someguycalledcerberus9805]

One fun way I heard the dissolution of Austria-Hungary being put was: "Austria-Hungary had a problem because it was a multi-ethnic state. This was remedied in in Versailles, which dissolved it, and created 5 multi-ethnic states in its place."

[@AntoniuDraculea]

3 of the 5 multi-ethnic states were far less multi-ethnic than A-H and the other two (Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia) were had democratic grounds, meaning most various ethnicities decided to be together, as opposed to A-H which kept them together based on violence.

[@horatiussonofrome812]

dude buddy pal are you really saying the successor states didnt use violence and oppress the minorities??

[@Danko_Sekulic]

Yes...and as we all know, everything went swimmingly after that 🙄 My ethnically mixed family can vouch for that! SARCASM OFF

[@Reaper08]

@@dropkickthedecepticon4009 Doesn't TIK actually say this in his more recent videos?

[@mrhawk2051]

Versailles was for the Germany. It was Saint-Germain and Trianon treaties that divided Austria and Hungary, respectively.

[@EdMcF1]

The Kingdom of Hungary had an Admiral as Head of State as Regent, and that Admiral didn't have a navy as Hungary lost its coast post WWI.

[@TheImperatorKnight]

And the Austro-Hungarian Empire had an air force before airplanes were invented.

[@ineednochannelyoutube5384]

@@TheImperatorKnight What? Thats new.

[@wach9191]

@@ineednochannelyoutube5384 The Air Service began in 1893 as a balloon corps

[@hitori3667]

Horthy Best Girl

[@battleofwill345]

@@TheImperatorKnight Surely not one to underestimate the Women's Auxiliary balloon corps

[@kempet]

Hi. I'm a hungarian, my grandfather fought in 2nd WW2 during 1945 as part of Operation Spring Awakening. He just turned 17 back then but got drafted as "Levente". He was seriously wounded by russian artillery but luckily rescued and hospitalized, then taken captive while in hospital. For some reason he was transferred to east of Germany and held there for a couple of months, but he managed to make his way back to Hungary later that year. He married my grandmother later that year and life went on after all the horrors they encountered. That generation was hard as nails! Even after all they been through I never heard them complaining about life or anything.... Miss them.

[@scottyfox6376]

Hard as nails (Greatest Generation) I can't give enough credit to those men who fought with little equipment & logistics to fend off the Godless hoard from the East. Salute brother..

[@user-qt1cp1be3u]

@@scottyfox6376 Magyar Wikipedia cím " A magyar megszálló csapatok a Szovjetunióban. Levéltári dokumentumok 1941-1947 " IDÉZET A németeken és a magyarokon kívül románok, olaszok, finnek, lettek, litvánok, ukránok vettek részt ebben a tevékenységben, ami a világtörténelem eddigi legkiterjedtebb, legtöbb áldozatot követelő népirtásába torkollott, és amelyben összesen mintegy 13,7 millió civil pusztult el. Csupán Ukrajna egyetlen közigazgatási területén, a Csernyigovi területen körülbelül 103 ezer polgári lakost és 24 ezer hadifoglyot öltek meg a német és a magyar büntetőosztagosok.

[@user-iz4nm7oi2t]

Soviet soldiers, did not take the Hungarians prisoner for their cruelty to women and children, but as you can see, some managed to return ..

[@bidenator9760]

@@scottyfox6376 If the Soviets were a horde, what would that make the Nazis and the rest of the Axis?

[@terrymcmaster2787]

Yes. Great people. Invading, killing and raping, with Nazism soaking through their DNA, and believing the Soviets were lesser people.

[@silafuyang8675]

I am Bulgarian. My grandfather was sent to the Hungarian front near the end of the war when Bulgaria switched sides and joined the Allies, but he never saw battle. I remember three stories he told me about the war. The first one was a about an abandoned Hungarian village his unit stopped to spend the night in. The officers occupied the good houses and my grandfather with several comrades stayed to sleep in a barn. During the night they heard noises in the barn. They woke up and searched around. Found a secret door on the ground. When they opened it, there was a big hole and all the inhabitants of the village were hidden there. My grandfather just put a finger on his mount in a sign to keep it quiet and closed the door again. They did not mention anything to the officers. The second story is more comical. Another village in Hungary. The officers took all the valuables they could find, no loot remained for the common soldiers. A big Bulgarian fellow, who was the village smith back in Bulgaria, noticed an abandoned anvil and took it. It had to be at least 30 kg but he was happy that he found something of use. He brought the anvil back to Bulgaria. It was his only gain from the war. Most of the men did not gain anything. The third story was told by a friend of my grandfather, who was sent to fight the Germans in Yugoslavia. They were an infantry unit, armed with light weapons and machine guns. When Germans started attacking our forces with tanks, everybody started running back in disarray. The unit that man was, has to leave last. A young officer came to them and ordered them to hold the ground against the German tanks, covering the retreat of the others. The soldiers just looked at each other, grabbed the officer, hit him several times with a shovel till he was dead, left him there and run after the other units. Nobody wanted to die for nothing. The soldiers clearly did not approve their officers. The stories show that whole involvement of Bulgaria in WW2 was a farce. Knyaz Boris III did everything he could to keep Bulgaria from involvement. He never attacked the Soviets and even when Sofia was bombed by the Allies, Bulgaria tried to stay out if. It is still not clear who ordered the poisoning of the Knyaz: Hitler of Stalin. Anyway after his death in 1943, the Soviet Union has already started counterattacking, so the politics changed to pro-Soviet.

[@thomaslevinski1984]

May there be Peace on Earth and may it begin with us

[@TheLoyalOfficer]

My great grandmother said of Hungary in WW2 (she was from Budapest): "We were caught between a bear and a vulture."

[@woff1959]

True. Or between two mad dogs!

[@captainsponge7825]

yeah that's true, you can also say the same about Poland, Czechia, Romania etc.. sad that Poland decided to go fight with everyone instead of going on with a deal, just like Hungary or Romania did.

[@nilsvladimirson1691]

@@woff1959 pffft, look up on what your kind grandpas did to civilians in the USSR. Who was a mad dog is an open question

[@igory3789]

What really peaces me off is that Hungarians fought for Hitler, committed atrocities in the USSR, and they just say, oh, we were forced to do that, we are innocent.

[@tommeiner9983]

@@igory3789 The USSR committed enough atrocoties against humanity to deserve that.

[@Frozenmenss1]

The Italians were Intended for the Caucasus with mountain Divisions from What I Know,but were Diverted due to the Poor Planing of Case Blau.

[@vishamvisham1089]

You could call this "poor planning of case blau" or... Italian 8 Army consisted of three Army Corps. One of them was Alpine Corp (Alpine Divisions: 2 "Tridente", 3 "Julia", 4 "Cuneense"). Alpine Corp was originally sent to Taganrog with the idea of using it in Caucasus. However on request of gen Gariboldi that "all Italian Corpses must fight together" - Alpine Corps was sent to Don river too.

[@Fruzhin5483]

@@vishamvisham1089 This still stands as poor planning but A) On Garibaldi for suggesting this stupid idea and B) To the German for actually accepting it.

[@KI.765]

The Romanian mountain units were grossly misused as well.

[@naoyanaraharjo4693]

@@vishamvisham1089 that same Julia division that fucked up at Greece?

[@maryo72000]

USA: we have rich history EUROPE :Hold my wars

[@davell1078]

That's not fair, USA is just 244 years old.

[@user-jd4ui3kg7h]

@@davell1078 there were many interesting events

[@archdornan3068]

@@davell1078 then don’t claim you’ve got a rich history

[@Kenfren]

@@archdornan3068 the US does have a rich history for the past 250 years.

[@archdornan3068]

@@Kenfren yes for 250 years most European countries can look back at there country for at least 500 years

[@denest3435]

Thank you for this good analysis. As I speak Hungarian I read Hungarian books about the Hungarian 2nd army at the Don. In Hungary it's still seen as a national tragedy. As I understand Hungary felt obliged to take part in fall blau because they feared that otherwise they would lose the newly acquired territories in Transylvania where the ethnic Hungarians lived. Also there was fear of otherwise German occupation of Hungary itself which in fact in March 1944 really happened. . From the 200000 men it is estimated that 120000 didn't return part were 20 to 30000 immediate casualty , the rest died in russian captivity. There were some heroic rearguard actions with 75 mm an 105 mm artillery guns used in antiank role , of the 9th light division , under command of colonel Martsa stood ground near Voronyez (Kocsatovka) to cover the withdrawal from January 20th till January 28 th. There are many Hungarian military cemeteries near the Don, nowadays. Source: Don Bend, Peter Szabo. Corona 2001 ( hungarian)

[@chiaki6030]

@John Pustiitoru you sound very romanian. thx.

[@hansenmax2133]

A little correction: Hungary didn't "acquire" territories in Transsylvania. She's got back one part of the Transsylvania which was a thousand+ years old Hungarian land before 1920 (Trianon). And those part only where more than 80% of the population were Hungarians. (Self-determination, you know.) This is the worst fault from TIK to say that "romanians" are the descendants of "Daceans". There's no such people "romanians". They were wallachs, like their country was Wallachia before. And they are so much "Daceans" like you and me! They immigrated from the territory (what is now Albania) in Kingdom of Hungary (Transsylvania) in the end of the 13th Hungary. Since the Mongols killed almost half of the population of Hungary a few decades before, and there was a serious man-shortage around, Hungarian landlords have let them to settle in. FYI: the latin word Transsylvania is a direct translation of the original hungarian name of the territory which means "Behind the Forest". Or is there anybody who believes (including Trevor) that Daceans who were eradicated by Trajan AD 101-102 (as we know), have hid in the forests and caves of Transsylvania for more than thousand years and abracadabra, on a sunni sunday of 1283 (because this is the year when hungarian chronicles mentioning first the group of "vlachi" settlers in the southernmost part of they came out cheering: "Hey, guys! We were the Daceans, but from now on we are "romanians"! Oh, come on! For this time nobody heard about them in the region: Romans, Sarmatans, Huns, Gepids, Langobards, Avars, Bulgars, Byzantium, Germans, Hungarians, Cumans, Pechenegs - nobody! There is no any proof of their presence in ANY chronicle! Except in the "studies" of "romanian scholars" written in the last 100 years to justify the disgusting "peace" in Trianon! Trevor said in one of his video: "Wikipedia is good to seeing pictures." Very true! But why he doesn't follow his own advice and forget what was "romanians" write about Transsylvania in the english version?! And if Trevor thinks it is "self-determination", then what is the problem with illegal Somalian migrants in Britain?! They are just "descendants" of Picts and Gaels! And 10 minutes and there'll be an article that "scholars" proven that Boudica and King Arthur were from Somalia! Somalian "scholars", of course.

[@hansenmax2133]

@CipiRipi00 What's this smell? This disgusting smell? Ah, yes, a rumanian around! What do you mean about my Anonymous? You mean, when he's talking about the poor vlachi who were asking hungarians to let them settle in Transsylvania?

[@serpens8]

@John Pustiitoru There is no such thing as Rumania, the whole mess is a British-French creation

[@carlospargamendez7012]

@@hansenmax2133 and albanians do speak a latin language? I think that the Treaty of Trianon was abussive...but the imagination of hungarian nationalism is amazing. Obviously romanian people are descendent of wallachians, yes, but these wallachians were the ancient dacio-romans near Danube and in Transylvania, later magyar invaders came from steppes. But also Trianon's borders were not accurate because there were territories in Transylvania with hungarian majority, so by selfdetermination right, these territories were really hungarians.

[@erichb2249]

My grandpa was at Stalingrad with the Germans. (It was not really facultative) He explained the same thing what most history books and documentaries that the Germans did not treat Hungarians and other allies nicely. They always thought of us as "toy soldiers" and dogs. The food rations for Hun soldiers were decreased for the sake of Germans. When the Soviets broke trough the Hungarian defensive lines at Voronyez, there were already retreating Germans everywhere which the Hungarians did not know about. When my Grandpa and his soldiers started to retreat, they realized that they are the last ones. He confirmed what we already know that the Germans used Hungarians just to hold the lines until they retreat. He said, he went into a house and it was full of wounded soldiers, Romanians, Hungarians, Czech, Italians and a few Germans because they left by then but could not take the wounded ones. The retreat along side with the Germans was more catastrophic than fighting with the Soviets. The Germans blamed us that they lost the positions, there were mass killings and cleansing amongst the retreating soldiers. He told me, if the Germans were outnumbered by Hungarians, they had to shoot them, if the Huns were outnumbered by Germans, they were shooting at us. He said that when the Soviets were just behind them everyone knew that they wanted high ranking Germans, the snowy fields were covered with medals what the soldiers got rid of them. He got caught at last and been sent to a Siberian Gulag. From there he escaped and while running home on foot, he was thirsty and drank from the river of Volga which was contaminated and he puffed up everywhere like a balloon and could not move, he got caught again and sent back to the Gulag. He died in 2010. I think if the Germans treated the allies with respect, the turn of the war might have been slightly different.

[@raystargazer7468]

Eszméletlen story.

[@bandiras2]

My granpa fought in 3 different armies, 2 different sides. He was born as a Hungarian, but due to the lost WW1, his family was stuck in Yugoslavia, and they made him an artillery man, when the german army take over the land. He was busy shelling moustache men troops, get injured due counter artillery, but survived. In the POW camp, the germans found out he's actually hungarian, so the germans threw him over the border, so he has the joy to join the hungarian army, just in time to go to Stalingrad. Yeeey. He was with Jány. His battalion was wiped out, but he survived. He was a MG operator, and when the MG finally jam as run out of bullet, he found himself alone in a cold dead white desert. Only death was his company. At the end he found another survivor after he dig himself out of the semi collapsed MG cover, and the 2 of them start to walk away in the general direction of west. Due to some miracle, they reach the german lines, and they had the joy, to get some proper winter clothes in the form of german uniforms. Yeeey. Now he is the soldier of mustache man. He was surrendered with his new german comrades at the very end of the war, for another trip to another POW camp. Yeeey. He was the unkillable terminator of the time. He killed more people in face to face combat, than anyone can count. He used weapons to their breaking point, than pick up more from the dead, and continue to massacre all the poor bastards, who was unfortunate enough to met him on the battlefield. He was the only one who can kill himself. The things he saw, made him an alcoholic, but he rebuilt the country as a reinforced concrete worker, and produced 2 good son , and able to see he's grandkids before he died.

[@georgealonso1279]

Yeet

[@Jager-Style]

*doubt

[@bandiras2]

@@Jager-Style Go back to your goats Ahmed.

[@zoompt-lm5xw]

That's a great story

[@jakeflfirelegend5377]

What a damm legend

[@kennethbowers2897]

Hungary: We are Hungary! Soviet Union: We are too...

[@mabussubam512]

*OURgary*

[@paulwilliams4743]

Kenneth Bowers . U of L, circa 1965 ?

[@QuizmasterLaw]

Oh look. A border. Now I feel threatened says who?

[@jorgealdridge6665]

Sov union WE are hungrier !!!!

[@gaborczirjak4172]

@@jorgealdridge6665 Hungarians said when the USSR occupied Estonia. --Stalin told the Estonians --From now you be Russians and not Estonians ( Estonians in Hungarian =Esztek ) But in Hungarian esztek means, you eat . So in Hungarian sounded, like --From today you be Russians and you not gonna eat ! Funny, isnt it ?

[@woff1959]

Hi Tik! I'm Hungarian. I hope you don't mind some minor corrections: 1. There was never a legal entity called 'The Austro-Hungarian Empire'. The term was hatched in the British Propaganda Department. (If you destroy someone's empire, that's not so bad. If you destroy their country, that's mean.) The correct term is: "Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy", this is what you find on letterheads etc. At 11:38, you point to why people resented the Jews. Actually, they were angry at Jews because of the Red Terror in 1919, which was led by Jewish guys. This is what created a new thing in Hungary, anti-Semitism. 30:10. I don't know where you got the footwear stuff, but that's vastly exaggerated!! The 1st Armoured Field Division does get all its tanks to the fighting at Tim and Voronezh. The info on the artillery and guns is right. They had plenty rifles, as well as sub-machine guns. Where the trouble comes in was with the LMGs and machine guns. 34:00. You're right in most points, but there were three battles to take the Uriv bridgehead. These were heavy fights, losses in the 10 thousands. 51:36. You ask why the Hungarians were there -- it's simple. The Germans told them if they don't go, they'll lose the lands the got back. So you're right, it's arm-twisting. Simple. BTW, this was a very fair video, and considering you're English, that is a real surprise!! So thanks, well done!!!

[@charlienemeth1342]

Thanks for the correction Mr. Szabó! There was some really annoying "bugs" but U fixed them all, job's well done! Thats why is important to CHECK YOUR FACTS before U "haoxing" here Worldwide and as a wannabe-youtuber dont be bulls**ting for living...that cud be ridiculous, Mr. so-called" "Tick"...wondering how much did he get for this half-finished job???

[@woff1959]

@@charlienemeth1342 I'm not blaming Tik, merely making some correction. Do understand that reliable info on Royal Hungarian Army and other small Axis allies is hard to come by!

[@RoyalHungarianAF]

@@woff1959 you can find a number of interesting materials in my KZbin channel on this topic (BTW Hi!)

[@woff1959]

@@RoyalHungarianAF Hi Csaba! Yes, anyone looking for good stuff on Hungarian army should chek out Csaba's channel!

[@jkahgdkjhafgsd]

gonna refer to them as Monarchy instead of Empire from now on then, similarly to how Ukraine is, well, Ukraine rather than "the Ukraine", and the "South China Sea" should be "South East Asia Sea" (or SEA Sea)

[@hrgiyzueghe]

The only ones that stood firmly, put up a real defense and then fought their way out of the encirclement (due to the Hungarian left and Italian right flanks collapse) in the Ostrogožsk-Rossoš operation (the final blow to the already crippled Don line) were the Alpini's army corp. The madness is that this army corp was really well trained and equipped for mountain warfare, yet they found themselves entrenched into the flat steppe. That, in my opinion, is one of the most striking examples of how badly Fall Blau was planned. The other Italian units, with a few exceptions, were actually well equipped exception made for the anti-tank, transport and tank department. How can you place one of the best Italian units, with mountain artillery and equipment, in a flat terrain when you have to conquer the Caucasus mountainous region? It's complete madness. I higly recommend the book "On a Knive's Edge" by Prit Buttar which covers the Ukrainian front from november '42 till march '43, which speaks about this topic in detail.

[@michealohaodha9351]

Agreed - the whole thing stinks of improvisation and incompetence to be honest.

[@Attilah23]

The Hungarians and the Italians were on the same flank north of Stalingrad. The Rumanians were on the southern flank where the Russians attacked first breaking through the Rumanians lines.

[@hrgiyzueghe]

@@Attilah23 Hungarians Italians Germans and Rumanians were on the same north-west flank. The Rumanians covered two flanks: 3rd army on the north and 4th army on the south.

[@vallergergo737]

Hungarian here, let me chime in: Regarding the aristocracy and the "old ways". If you don't know anything about Hungary, but say know a little but about Poland, then the easiest way to explain it is that Hungarian nobility was like the Polish nobility on crack. The history behind it is incredibly complicated, but condensing it into a few lines: The Ottoman-Hungarian-Austrian wars, that were fought for about 300 years total, with 150 of these happening on the territory of the old Hungarian Kingdom, brought incredibly devastating economic and demographic impact and with the lack of commerce and general instability, inability and unwillingness to invest in literally anything 1700's Hungary was basically a bit differently dressed 1400's Hungary. (obviously, there were changes, just that those aren't important regarding the economy) after that industrialization would have been possible but there were 2 big reasons that it failed: 1. The nobility was the only class with enough money, besides the Jews, but they never really invested, at least not the majority. They were either too old fashioned, they didn't believe in the potential for success, lacked the know-how or were content with the profits from agriculture due to the high price of grain and cattle (tho these markets would collapse, for instance incredibly cheap US grain flooding the European market but that is a tale for another day) . 2. The Austrians and the Hungarians were always in a bit of a hate-love relationship. We were on and off killing each other every 10-30 years or so. After the defeat of the Ottomans, the Austrians had a vested interest in not letting the country industrialize and with that modernize due to a fear of rebellion and that industrial capacity falling in the hands of and thus helping the rebels. This was proven to be a warranted fear in the revolution of 1848-49, but that itself was caused by the absolutism of the crown and the lack of (social) progress. This sets up a loop which is clearly visible in hindsight but hidden for the people ling through these times. With all of these factored in the country maintained pretty medieval standards even in the modern age. Just an instance of that is when the government during the Soviet invasion in 1944 offered farmlands as a reward for destroying Soviet tanks. That resulted in tones of tension between basically everyone. The landowners who lost their lands and thus income became fixated with maintaining a semblance of their old lifestyle, the landowners who did remain landowners, became fixated with retaining their lands (i.e. stopping anyand all kinds of progress be that industrial or social), the peasants and farmers were fixated with getting land that was on and off promised to them continually for about 150 years or so, but also the city folk are hated due to their better lifestyle (although this wasn't always the case notably factory workers and menial laborers earned less at times than servants of still existing nobles out in the countryside and lived in worse conditions) while the city folk hated the nobility, because they were liberal and wanted reforms, and the cycle just goes on and on. To summarise: There was a myriad of problems in a country that was out of place in the 20th century, with everyone knowing how to fix them, but their knowledge on fixing them differed violently from everyone else's knowledge on how to fix them. And as we all know, fascism thrives in situations of social unrest. As a side note to all of this: I disagree with your assessment that government spending causes recessions. Of course, if the government is in a fuckton of debt that doesn't help, but recessions did and still occur even without excess government spending. It's enough for particularly large and receptible markets like real estates, or consumer goods to grow into a bubble because of citizen borrowing and their pays remaining the same or due to the lack of a strong middle class, kind of what is happening in the USA today. Recessions are a product of how capitalism operates with credit on a very basic level, and as long as that stays the same (which it will as credit is essential to the economy) recessions and economic crises will keep happening. Edit: Grammatical and other errors corrected.

[@QuizmasterLaw]

Economic cyclicity is the result of speculative expectations, trading imbalances, and literal weather. Toss in a few wars or earthquakes for "exogenous shocks". Inflationary spending can however absolutely wreck an economy: see 1979. But the libertard think government is the problem when in fact human civilization would be impossible without government. The alternative to government isn't some hippy anarchic paradise: it's the war of all against all because no central enforcer of law (The State) means that the only law is the law of the jungle, dog eat dog.

[@philipcastonguay7022]

@Valler That is probably one of the best summaries of Hungarian culture pre-WW1 I’ve ever read. In your opinion, what was the impact of the inter-war turmoil and the large pockets of Hungarians living in places like Transylvania and Yugoslavia?

[@vallergergo737]

@@philipcastonguay7022 Seemingly a narrowed down question but as always the answer(s) are much more complicated. First off there is the industrial impact. Austria (later Austria-Hungary) functioned as a single entity until the end of WW1. This is important because this meant cross-reliance for literally anything and everything. A good example of this is the railway system seen here: i.redd.it/lhsadvekwb531.jpg If you put the map of after WW1 Hungary over this you will notice that many crucial centers are now missing and can be located in Romania/Yugoslavia/Czechoslovakia. As these entities were heavily anti-Hungarian this meant that some railroad lines led to literally nowhere. The industrial capacity that was built in Hungary based on now Czech or Romanian resources could no longer function and as the Empire was a single market (after 1867 that is) some industrial sectors were massively underdeveloped in certain parts, for instance textile in Hungary. This was due to the above mentioned cross-reliance. The 3 countries (from now on referred as: Little-Entente) could cope relatively easily with these shortages given the friendly relations they had with each other, which decreased the strain on all of them. But as Hungary was isolated the toll this took was exacerbated. The peace treaty of Trianon itself was even more massive. Although one could easily list reasons as to why punishing Hungary was justified, the fact remained that there were blobs of ethnic Hungarians all along the border and in very distinctly separate groups elsewhere that were lost. Couple this with the historical loss of population, territory, and resources that could be said to be unprecedented and you have grounds for tension. Like a lot. Like, a communist revolutions worth. Which managed to distance us even further from everyone else. after which followed an in-effect looting campaign by the Romanians to get war-reparations, forcefully in necessary. Add to this hundreds of thousands of refugees fleeing to Hungary without any kind of capacity to care for them. What all of this means is that:1: By the time the Great Depression hit in 1928 and 29 we were just barely beginning the recovery (mind you this was 8 years after the end of the hostilities) and 2: that the default position of literally everyone in the country was revanchism. Note that this didn't mean outright expansionism. As this was considered the de-facto policy of literally everyone the difference in ideology could mostly be seen in HOW they wanted to achieve that. The more mainstream-conservative idea was through propaganda. Not the war-pamphlet style but rather educational. Basically, their premise was: If we can't spend on the army or the air-force, and we don't have a navy let us invest in education. Spend and modernize as much as possible, create a leading educational elite to show the world how great we are and how we do deserve better treatment and a second, more fair look at the borders. This was largely successful (seen in more detail here: mek.oszk.hu/03700/03797/03797.htm#4) but did not advance social progress as it needed to. "Since the peace treaty prohibited both the increase of military forces and an aggressive foreign policy for the country, the lobby of the educational administration was able to get new resources, arguing that a well-educated elite would be the best propaganda for gaining support from the Western powers. The arguments followed ideological lines as well: a well controlled education of the masses could save the society from infection by revolutionary ideologies. These arguments kept educational planning in the sphere of ideology and away from control by rational economical and monetary tools. Thus, education could not be an open arena for a struggle between economic and social forces. " This wasn't the most coherent answer by any means so let me summarise: The peace, the turmoil, the following continuation of the war brough unimaginable economic downturn in every sector and as such halted the national development for decades. Social progress continued to be null and void, with the government having its hands full of just maintaining the current conditions without any ability to improve the lives of any particular social class. The harsh peace deal and a string of broken promises, continuation war with Romania and general discontent gave rise to an atmosphere that could be easily exploited by far-right elements. All in all, we were royally fucked.

[@Attilah23]

Tortenelembol kampo !

[@alanpennie8013]

@@vallergergo737 I'm afraid Tik's economic notions are bizarre. Pity because on other topics he's well - informed.

[@trendtraderx]

One of the least known is the Hungarian role in helping the Warsaw Uprising. There is a ytube vid called "Hungarian corridor - Warsaw 1944" which reads "The German Military High Command planned to get the Second Hungarian Reserve Corps to crush the Warsaw uprising. However, the Hungarian contingent of thirty thousand troops misled their military ally. Not only did the soldiers provide large quantities of ammunition, weapons, food and medicine supplies for the Polish resistance Home Army but they also wanted to switch sides to support the rebels." Has subtitles.

[@benh5366]

And then the poles with that equipment all got slaughtered

[@kondorviktor]

Oh, Polak i Wiegrbva bratanki, then?

[@attilakatona-bugner1140]

I haven t heard about this but i heard that a hungarian garrison division was moved to denmark very late in the war, but ended up just helping the danish resistance with food, ammo and weapons and didn t manage to "find" the same resistance at the same time.

[@ineednochannelyoutube5384]

@Armadio Aye. But its also true.

[@richardmalinowski2698]

There is no doubt this is true, you just need to go on the Warsaw Uprising Museum web site or else Google the unveiling ceremony of the Hungarian Memorial in Warsaw, search "Pomnik pamięci Węgierskich Honwedów".

[@NihilistSolitude]

Poor Moldova, always get forgotten : (

[@TheImperatorKnight]

I couldn't remember the name, but I mentioned the "Odessa Area" in the video

[@NihilistSolitude]

@@TheImperatorKnight The whole Moldova mess always made me surprise that Romanian even help germany because the Molotov Pact allowed USSR to annex Moldova from Romania and it was a region heavily invested in by Romania between the two world wars. Then the poor region got destroyed by an earthquake and both by the Soviets and Axis during the invasion and counter offensive. Maybe the German toss in Odessa to make it up to the Romania for being part of the reason for them losing Moldova in the first place.

[@AlexanderSSI]

@@NihilistSolitude well at the time Romanians didn't knew that Germany allowed the Soviet Union to take Bessarabia (part of Moldova) and North Bukovina from Romania.

[@NihilistSolitude]

@@AlexanderSSI source? As I would think it was pretty clear base on the USSR movements once the pact was sign in the Baltic, Poland and Moldova and how Germany opennly supported those claims and knock out France who guaranteed Romania boarder claims.

[@AlexanderSSI]

@@NihilistSolitude the German-Soviet nonagression pact contained a secret protocol which was revealed after the war. In this secret protocol Soviet Union had agreed with Germany to take Bessarabia and North Bukovina.

[@lorusb6126]

My great grandfather was taken from the streets of Kolozsvár (Cluj today), Transylvania to one of the gulags in the Ural mountains, just because he was Hungarian. The funny thing is that he served in the Romanian army as an officer (he was some sort of medic. He's medical school was paid by the Romanian army) He luckily survived the gulag due to his ability to speak german. He worked and befriended a German doctor there who sent him home after a couple of years of suffering. This German dude has written a book where he's story is mentioned.

[@mihaiserafim]

My grandfather was taken from his home in Romania because his father was of German nationality. He spent 4 and a half years in Syberia.

[@dino7307]

@URSOL So its OK to invade other countries, if it works out? Like the soviet union invading Poland, Finnland, Bulgaria?

[@MrAkurvaeletbe]

Germans didn't send people home from gulags....

[@khanhax3873]

@vagene_exe stoppedworking bruh the only thing romania is good at is betraying their allies and taking claim for everything that hungarians built your entire country other than erdély looks like the village from borat lmao

[@felician2632]

@ROBERT J KIS calm donw man...

[@jacobhill3302]

TIK, as a life long reader of military history (though mostly technical/tactical topics) you are bye far my favorite channel on YT.

[@vadaszsch0360]

According to a local historian here, Horthy himself is not really like the idea of sending troops to the Eastern Front but the General Staff who was pro-German atm warned Horthy that they could lose Northern Transylvania if they are not participating in the war against USSR because Romania sent quite a lot of troops to fight the Soviets, so if Germany win the war Romania will likely get Northern Transylvania back since Hungary didn't participate. Even Croatia and Slovakia sent their men to join Operation Barbarossa. The General Staff also told Horthy that they could also expand their shrunken "Kingdom"even more by joining the war, then perhaps some extra "rewards" too. Then some Soviet(?) Bombers bombed Hungary and this gave the General Staff their momentum to join the war. Horthy convinced and decided to send some of Hungarian troops.

[@user-wj6dt5bq3w]

Prime Minister Bardossy also had that view.

[@zoltankatona6828]

Hey guys, former Hungarian history student here. We basically joined the war, because the political and military elite was very right-leaning and German friendly, also they were afraid of the Soviets and the they feared that if they don't join the Germans, the Romanians and Slovaks will be given back the territories you have mentioned. Germany was winning during 1941, so it didn't seem such a bad idea back then to join them. And the other alternative were they Russian, and after what they did to the Baltic states nobody wanted to ask them for help. There were secret meetings with the Western allies, Great Britain around 1941, but the effort was futile. The Brits were to far away to help us, against the Germans or the Soviets or our neighbours. The Hungarian army was weak because rearmament only started in 1938 with the "Győr project". Only after 1938 was the Hungarian army able to buy and build large quantities of tanks, airplanes and other equipment. The 2nd Hungarian army was very well equipped by Hungarian standards, but it was not enough against the Russians and their winter. Don't forget the Royal Hungarian Army was designed to fight the neighbouring armies (Czach, Romanian and Yugoslav), which were also no match for the Soviets. Also the logistics were terrible around Stalingrad and the Don. Basically they had 3-4 railroad lines to supply the whole front from the Voronezh to the Caucasus. Also add-in the partisans and you can understand why the soldiers lacked food, clothing munitions etc. Before the 2nd Hungarian Army's deployment, Hungary sent the "Rapid Corps" in 1941 to Russia to help the German war effort. So basically the 2nd Army was the second unit Hungary sent to fight. And you are right about the Germans, they used their Allies as cannon-fodder. During the 1943 Winter retreat the 2nd army sufferd terrible losses, party because the reasons you mentioned and party because the Germans used the Hungarian troops in rear-guard actions. Not to mention the German soldiers commandeered most of the transport equipment the Hungarians had, also if the Germans found a house with Hungarians in it, they usually threw the Hungarians out into the -40 degrees cold. Interesting fact, this one Hungarian general in order to save his men disbanded his corps during the battle. He stated that because he can't feed or supply his soldiers he lets them loose, so it was every men for himself. Gusztáv Jány was executed for war crimes after the war. Sorry for the spelling errors. If somebody has any question regarding Hungarian history, feel free to ask me, and I'll try to answer as best as I could.

[@Dominic.Dybala]

Sir, in addition to how wonderfully researched and presented this video was already, I want to thank you for the Civ II reference “a spearman isn’t going to be able to take out a tank.” I grew up on that game too X’D

[@TheSpaceHamster]

Great video - finally catching up on some of your past videos! My family has a lot of Hungarian history, fascinating to get this much detail.

[@markod1719]

Why were Hungarians on the russian front. For the sam reason Croatia has troops in Afghanistan at this moment, because they are a NATO member. Hungary was an Axis member. Simple.

[@markod1719]

@SE ASIA let's not exaggerate :)

[@Sapwolf]

@SE ASIA We ever gonna get a TIK two-hour special on the beautiful women of WW2 and their suffering and sacrifice. That navy Wave lady in "The Cruel Sea" comes to mind. Those bouncy ladies of the Red Army too with those Mosin-Nagants are pretty ...moving to this American 2A supporter. :-)

[@Hunfootball]

We almost liberated the SU from communism...

[@alanpennie8013]

Huh! Bulgaria was a member of The Axis too, and it made a point of keeping out of the War with The Soviet Union.

[@markod1719]

@@alanpennie8013 interesting

[@JoJeck]

Very interesting, I'm glad you did this episode. It is one of your best and most interesting. Hungary and Romania had a very interesting historical relationship during WW2, but also before and after as well, including to this day! The national tensions still exist in that area of Europe. You covered the national rivalries very well plus the German encouragement followed by lack of proper support in terms of supplying adequate equipment and basic materials like boots and fodder. Blaming the Axis allies for what happened in late 1941 - 1942 is typical of the German inability to own their mess ups and over ambitious targets.

[@JoJeck]

One aspect I'm particularly interested in is recycling the huge amount of Soviet equipment captured in Barbarossa. This includes insane numbers of light tanks, anti tank guns ( both with 45 mm) and field guns (excellent 76 mm) which had some anti tank capability. Why were the Axis Allies not using this very useful captured equipment?

[@zachariaszut]

I am not so sure the average German soldier was so disdainful of its allies or the enemy for that concern. Not after facing the reality of the front. I remembered an interview I read quite a while, given by the Luftwaffe pilot Erich Hartmann. When he arrived at the front an officer gave a speech to the new arrivals. He stated clearly he did not wish to hear any nonsense about the inferiority of the Russians, that nonsense was for Hitler's boys. They were facing a formidable opponent and they would not survive if they thought otherwise. Hartmann was shocked to hear an officer speaking like that about Hitler so openly. That was 43 I believe. Hartmann himself, during the conflict, arrived at the conclusion that Hitler was crazy. That was more near the end. This blaming of the Axis allies strikes me more like desperate talk, of young people who are in a real mess. Manstein (there you go...) if I do not mistake said the Romanians were very brave and courageous. But lacked equipment, training, and suffered archaic practices like corporal punishment and handing different food for officers and soldiers which affected the sense of unity and comradeship. Well, interesting video, as always. Thank you.

[@mihaiserafim]

There are 3 big problems with the Romanian army on the Eastern Front : 1. Very poor officers and outdated concepts. 2. Lack of training, equipment and supplies. 3. Moral. I have this from my grandfather who fought in the Romanian Army :" we were willing to go to war with Russia and to take back what was ours but beyond Dniester we had no claim and no wish to go. We were told that we should go a bit farther to Odessa and that was going to be all. We went but we didn't go willingly." After the conclusion of the siege of Odessa my grandfather was discharged from the army and he returned home, but Romanian soldiers continued going farther and farther against their will.

[@zachariaszut]

@@mihaiserafim Thank you for your reply, and no less than one based on first hand testimony. Those were indeed terrible times and I hope we do not see anything like that again in Europe. Ne mai vedem.

[@johneiden7208]

Subscribed. This channel is incredible. I'm hooked and listen during long drives quite often. You sir, are most impressive. 👍😁

[@Akitlosz]

My grandfather was a soldier in the 2nd Hungarian Army, 3th corps 6th air defense gun battery. He used 8 cm in caliber Bofors anti-aircraft gun and 4 cm automatic gun. I have decorated cartridge cases used and decorated by him at the river Don. He couldn't send anything else from the front to his family. He KIA on 28 January 1943. My mother was 11 months old and had never seen her father.

[@Cristiano95ify]

the retreat from the Don of the Alpini Corps is a story that deserves to be told: I hope Tik will do it, sooner or later

[@martonjuhasz1544]

also the serfs weren't only slavs. there were germanic, hungarian and romanian serfs as well. noone got a green card just because of their nationality under feudalism.

[@DzheiSilis]

👏True 👏 Equality ,👏

[@martonjuhasz1544]

@@DzheiSilis lol xD

[@carlospargamendez7012]

You are right.

[@ehodfi6037]

Greetings from Budapest. This is a very good video. You have the details down. Nice job.

[@efka1486]

Finally a video about my country :D Great work Tik!

[@charlienemeth1342]

...is it a great video tho??? He needs to check his facts ffs...:/

[@martincristian4567]

From my understanding, Hungary had to join the fight on the Axis side to keep the territorial gains from the Second Vienna Award. There was no ethnic majority of either romanian or hungarian in northern Transylvania (the teritories awarded to Hungary in late 1940) and Antonescu and the romanian goverment joined the war with hopes that if the germans were victorious they will revise the Second Vienna Award in favour of Romania as a pay off for the romanian efforts on the eastern front. Or at least with hopes that Germany will not intervene on Hungary behalf in case of an war between the two countries. That is besides the official objective of Romania on the Eastern Front which was the liberation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

[@danielszilagyi629]

North transylvania where 54%Hungarian and there where some germans too the remaign is romanian

[@stanm1977]

@@danielszilagyi629 My family comes from Necopoi, 20 km away form Satu Mare. There were 2 Hungarian families in that village. In the towns, yes, tehre were more Hungarians simply because the Romanians were not allowed to move in towns. Speaking about minority rights, Hungary should simply shut up.

[@danielszilagyi629]

@@stanm1977 I will dont start arguing about about what happend or what not its simply not worth it, but its a fact in the territories what we gained in the 2nd vienna award were majority Hungarian

[@agvb5749]

@@danielszilagyi629 54% Hungarian by which source? Hungarian. You know what? Romanians were always a majority in all Transylvania. that's a fact. And we were in Transylvania from ancient times.

[@danielszilagyi629]

@@agvb5749 yeah like in Szeklerland 80+% Hungarian even today and its part of Transylvania. And I speak about north Transylvania and there were an census in 1941 and the result were that 53.6% of the population were Hungarian the rest german/Romanian and after that, there were an population exchange so the Romanian % shrink even more, if u dont trust me look up the 2nd Vienna award in Wikipedia.

[@aleksaradojicic8114]

To be honest, peole like Istvan are common in Balkan/Eastern Europian politics. Those are guys that dont care about ideology, they just want to keep there current office. We call them "preletači".

[@kondorviktor]

Which István do you mean? It is a pretty frequent Christian name.

[@aleksaradojicic8114]

@@kondorviktor i mean the guy who went from socialdemocratic party to arrow party and then back to communist party.

[@nunodiogo5745]

What does preletaci mean?

[@hamuArt]

@@nunodiogo5745 "flyer" but Hungarians say "gumigerincű" gumi = rubber gerinc = spine ("ű" at the end of the word) = converts to an adjective (people who has rubber spine ----> it leans where the wind blows)

[@hamuArt]

But TIK pinpoint top about this guy - far left and far right are very common in lots of theme...the difference about them is nationalism vs internationalism...

[@TheBigSleazy]

Really enjoyed this vid. Hope you do more on the axis allies on the eastern front

[@jamesa702]

Thanks, TIK, your astute observations are much appreciated....

[@davids8127]

As Hungarian I heard from my grandparent that most of people never came back from there and his father only survived cause he got injured before the main offensive and sent home

[@jacky9590]

Okay, 1. for a forigner you did a great job. 2. when it comes to the 2nd Hungarian army you are mixing up quite a few things. for one the 2nd Hungarian army did not fight partisans, that was the task of the Hungarian occupational forces, that were, by the way, quite a small force covering a quite big territory. It wasn't the 2nd Hungarian army that lost like 80% of its toldi's and a 100% of its Ansaldo tankettes, but the Carpathian Group, also it was this group that for the last time used Hussar charges..successfully even. This group successfully accomplished its task of taking more than 2000km worth of territory from the Red Army under 4 months. This was 1941 roughly, and the 2nd Hungarian army was 1942..... And the 2nd Hungarian army's history is a sht show....the cherry on top is that there are crucial train lines running through its territory, lines that will become strategically very important for the Soviets when it comes to steamrolling into Europe..so the Russians focused on these strategically important lines with extra attention...which was defended by a stretched out under-equipped army...yeah...a complete sht show. but still, despite the horrible circumstances, the 2nd Hungarian army fought exceptionally bravely, holding out for quite long, and then completed the organized retreat as a vanguard, ordered by the Germans. And then there is the case of Hitler taking the Crammer armored division out of the control of Jány, shortly before the Soviet attack...so they only engage the Soviets, when the Russian tanks have already overrun the Hungarian lines and are shooting at the German tanks.. About the reason for sending the 2nd Hungarian army...its complicated. There is German influence in the army and in the political arena, which is growing, part of the military believes the war is lost even before the 2nd Hungarian army is sent out and they petition Horthy to do the necessary steps to secure our future, and than there are those who are afraid of Romanians receiving back Transylvania if Germany wins and we the Hungarians don't participate in the war enough(we tried to stay out of it!) This also could have contained some "arm twisting" from Germany since they were heavily "sieging" the Hungarians to send forces to the Eastern front...than to end the hesitation of the Hungarian Government "someone" bombs that Hungarian city. And moreover, there was the scarecrow of Germany invading Hungary if we resist and utilizing the whole army(not just the 2nd). This is another important fact that influenced the "debate" back then... This accumulated in the 2nd Hungarian army's partition in the war at the river Don.. I can't remember for the life of me, where I read the following, but its said that the Hungarian high command stated that the Hungarian army would only be ready for large scale war against powers like the Soviet Union by 1943...This is ofc not a precise quote, but it shows how underprepared the Hungarian army was. It can be seen in the tank development too, that Hungary could only, almost catch up to the German and Soviet tank development in the technological department with the TAS 44.M. So by 1944 the tank development managed to catch up, alone, not helped by the Germans..but than the Americans came and bombed the factories...That was due to another mistake that was committed without the knowledge or the consent of the Governor. Sending a proclamation of war to the Americans...

[@rbfishcs123]

you're a foreigner

[@hungryhungarian1684]

well, you've read your fair share of your history books...

[@Robert25938]

Well done..always interesting to listen to your synthesis.

[@keithehredt753]

Thans TIK, great job as always

[@Grimshak81]

Recessions happen because governments spend money? o_O I think Lema Brothers showed that greedy uncontrolled businesses can cause a crisis as well. Government spending can support overall growth as well (like public transport).

[@TheImperatorKnight]

Please see this video which explains that recessions are caused by governments kzbin.info/www/bejne/jIrHd2OEbs2grsU The Great Recession was caused by government spending during the "Roaring Twenties" (which is why it's called that) and prolonged by government spending and restrictions, which caused it to last until 1945/46 (see Higgs "Depression, War, and Cold War") Spending is not what causes economic growth. Saving and investment does. This is why central state and bank spending and taxing of savings (through inflation as well as directly) since 2008 still hasn't got us out of the recession, and we're about to enter another.

[@Throwaway-gn4tu]

@@TheImperatorKnight Spending on education produces the largest economic growth when looking at long run macro economics. Also deregulation and an out of control market caused the big recessions not govt expenditure.

[@TheImperatorKnight]

"@TIK Spending on education produces the largest economic growth when looking at long run macro economics." I won't tell you that private education produces much greater results, as shown historically kzbin.info/www/bejne/iKmZcmV_e8-Ar7M "Also deregulation and an out of control market caused the big recessions not govt expenditure." See the link in my previous comments. Government does cause the recessions. If it wasn't for central government and central banks, you wouldn't have any recessions at all.

[@TheImperatorKnight]

"@TIK Yes and socialist inspired government spending was caused by the abject poverty that many people were reduced to by rampant capitalism." Oh, I see. So there was no poverty before the 1800s? My mistake.

[@willevans3644]

@TIK the video you linked is talking about government lending (by buying back its own debt, macro economic is a little weird). Even if we accept the content of the video unquestioned, I find it hard to believe that stopping this would stop recessions. Interest rates are affect by much more than the central bank, business confidence and tolerance for risk are also big factors (interest is about expected pay off). So we would still have crashes without government influence in the financial markets, as market shocks can move the interest rate away from this ideal, crash free, level.

[@Fruzhin5483]

5:10 This was (and arguably still is) the situation with Bulgaria after ww1. Core territories which had a majority population Bulgarians were taken and given to Greece, Yugoslavia, Romania and Turkey.

[@iangascoigne8231]

Impressive microphone Tik. Interesting as always.

[@sahaiel]

Great job, thanks for the video!

[@HoH]

18:51 Certainly you mean they don't get in until 1944? The quote you read afterwards is fine, as long as you emphasize that they only received 15% of the votes in 1939, weren't allowed to participate in the government and that the party was banned several times by Horthy, including at the start of WW2. Appreciate you trying to tackle this very difficult topic that is bound to stir controversy. Hungary during the interbellum and WW2 show a nation that attempted to maintain control in near un-controllable circumstances. EDIT: To pitch you an idea for a future video: read up on Operation Panzerfaust. Definitely fits your channel.

[@csongorcsillogo1440]

In the reality, the late-nomad Vlach shepherds of the Balkans (the ancestors of modern Romanians) migrated from Bulgaria and South-Eastern Serbia to the present-day territory of Romania in the 13th century. The irrational daco-romanian continuity myth is nothing more than a "NATIVIST" state-propaganda. This chauvinist propaganda was born & started with the teachings of the "Transylvanian School" (A politically very active "cultural" organization) in the era of national awakening & nationalism. The fantasies and myths of "Transylvanian School" served and followed strictly the romanian national & political interests since the very beginnings. It's the compulsory curriculum for children in romania since the communist Gheorghiu-Dej, and especially under Ceausescu's directives , this national belief/religion became the central core of modern Romanian identity. Fortunately it is not generally accepted by western academic scholars. That's why all major Western Encyclopedias (E.Encarta, E. Britannica, E.Americana, German Brockhaus, French Larousse etc...) mention the romanian state-supported daco-romanian myth, but they are also mention the reality: the Vlach nomad migration from the Balkans in the 13th century. Vlach (name for medieval & early modern romanians in European chronicles) was the latest nation who introduced the literacy in Europe, and they were one of the latest shepherd nomadic people in Europe. I. THE PROBLEMS WITH DACIANS AND the so-called "ROMANS"(???) in the theory: I/1st: There are no CONTEMPORARY (from the 4th century to the late 12th century) proofs for the survival of Dacian ethnic group after Roman withdrawal. I/2nd: Dacian vocabulary did not remain for the posterior, only same names of tribal leaders remained. The neo-latin elements in Romanian language remain the best proof agaist daco-roman theory. Unlike in the case of other European neo-latin/romance languages, there are no proofs for development of dacian language into a neo-latin romance language. I/3rd: The dacian conquest was the shortest lasting conquest of the Roman Empire in Europe, it lasted only 160years, the relations between the Roman legions and dacians remianed very hostile. This very short & hostile circumstance are not an ideal contingency for a real romanization process. I/4th: The BARBARIZATION of the Roman Army: Despite that average Romanian people tend to believe that they are also descendants of the "Ancient Romans/Latins" it is very far from historical reality. The BARBARIZATION of the Roman army was very (shockingly) massive and rapid since the end of the first century: the 90% of the “Roman” army had not Roman/Latin or Italian ancestry since the end of the 1st century. The contemporary multi-ethnic legionaries were Roman citizens, but they were recruited from various primarily multinational, non-Latin provinces, so THEY WERE NOT ROMANS or LATINS. II. MIGRATION PERIOD PROBLEMS of the THEORY II/1st: The migration of series of BRUTAL BARBARIAN tribes: There are no CONTEMPORARY historic records for the survive of dacians after the Roman withdrawal, and later the territory was the FOCAL POINT of great migrations. The area saw serials of many strong powerful and brutal barbaric tribes and people such as Goths, Huns, Longobards, Carpians, Gepids, Avars, Pechenegs and later Cumans. UNLIKE the Vlach ancestors of modern Romanians, all of these barbarian ethnic groups WERE HISTORICALLY RECORDED countless times in contemporary (4th - 9th century) written sources in the dark age & early medieval period. Don't forget, that these "migratory" peoples, each inhabiting the territory for more time than the Romans had held it. After the centuries barbarian invasions, the written records mentioned only Slavic speaking populations in the area under turkic- Cuman rule, but they didn't mention the existence of any neo-latino /romance speaking population. However there are tons of contemporary written documents (chronicles from early medieval to high medieval era , from 4th to 11th century) about the shepherd nomad Vlachs in the Balkan peninsula, but there are no material or written proofs for their existence in the present-day territory of Romania before the 1200s. II/2nd: The complete LACK OF any LINGUISTIC INFLUENCES OF BARBARIANS of the area on Romanian language: There is also no trace of lingual influence from any of the other peoples who lived in Transylvania after the withdrawal of the Romans: The the Huns, Goths, Carpians, Gepids Longobards, Avars, Pechenegs and Cumans. If these languages did not have any influence on the Rumanian language, we can be sure that this is proof that at that time there were no Wallachian settlers in Transylvania. III. The Vlachs Neo-Latin (Romance speaking) peopulation, and the PROBLEM of the missing information of existence of neo-latin speakers around a millenium in contemporary chronicles. III/1st: How is it possible, that nobody realized / mentioned this Latin-speaking community for approx 1000 years adjacent to the Byzantine Empire? This is not somewhere in Sahara, in the jungle of Congo, or on the Siberian tundra… Slavs, Cumans, Jassic people were well recorded in the area by the chroniclers of sorrounding states and their chronicles. III/2nd: There are no material proofs (cemetries or vlach cultic places) which can support the Vlach (romance speaking population) existence in present-day territory of romania before the 1200s. There are no CONTEMPORARY (from the 4th century to the 13th century) written documents about the existence Vlachs (neo-latino/romance speaking population) in the territory of later Vallachia, Moldavia, and especially in Transylvania before the 1200s. III/3rd: The earliest romanian chronicle was Grigore Ureche's chronicle in the early 17th century(!!!), who wrote about the balkan migration of his Vlach people. There were no orthodox bishopry in medieval Vallachia & Moldavia, even most of the monks and priests had to be „imported” from Serbia. Due to the lack of medieval literacy and medieval literature and own romanian history writing/chronicles, the poor romanians had to built up a so-called "speculative history-writting" (or fabricated history), where speculations based on earlier speculations and fictions etc.. Where were these neo-latino/ romance speaker population hide so astonishingly long from the eyes of the chroniclers and administration of sorroundig countries? IV. LINGUISTIC PROBLEMS of the THEORY IV/1st: How it is possible tha old Romanian language did not adopt / borrowed any (ZERO!!!) Germanic vocabulary, when present-day territory of Romania was inhabited by Goths and Gepids for many centuries? AGAIN: These Germanic tribes inhabited the territory for more time than the Romans had held it. Even the eastern Slavic languages have loanwords/borrowings from Germanic (Old Norse) languages. IV/2nd ALBANIAN SUBSTRATUM in old Romanian language: Let's don't forget, that the old Romanian language also contained serious ALBANIAN SUBSTRATUM before the linguistic reforms of the 19th century. Moreover, the old Romanian language was the ONLY language in Europe which contained Albanian substratum. This also clearly supports their balkan migrations in the high medieval period. IV/3rd: The problem of HYDRONYMS and TOPONYMS: Other interesting fact, that Romanian language simply borrowed the already existing Slavic, Hungarian and Saxon origin toponyms and hydronyms of Transylvania. It is a very well known and clear practice of immigrant populations. IV/4th: The "great Latin" medieval Romanian vlachs always fiercely resisted against the Western Latin (Catholic) Church and its Latin liturgy, they chosed the Slavic Orthodox church which used church-slavonic language istead of Latin. (It was due to the fact that old Romanian language contained more slavic words than latin, because the church-slavonic liturgy was more understandable for their people. IV/5th: Huge LINGUISTIC REFORMS of the 19th century: During the creation of romanian literary language and language reforms in the 19th century, the high ratio of south-slavic, albanian and turkic words were purged from the vocabulary of the romanian language, and they were replaced by adopted modern French Italian and other modern-era neo-latin words, French and Italian neologisms and even full modern French expressions were adopted to replace the old ones. These new modern Western European (modern French & Italian) romance expressions and words simply did not exist in the era original ancient latin speaking populations or in the vulgar latin languages. IV/6th: Only the Valchs of the mountains of Balkan peninsula were recorded as romance speakers in the Eastern European and South-Eastern European region in the contemporary (4th-13th century) Chronicles. This is not surprising, because the direct Roman rule lasted for 500+ years in many territories of Balkan peninsula (where vlach neo-latin speaker nomads were very often mentioned by many early medieval chronicles) The imagined "glorious past" and the opposing historical reality: The territory of modern romania belonged to the Bulgaria first, later it came under Byzantine rule. From the late 11th century, the territory was occupied and ruled by the turkic Cuman tribes. After the brutal mongol invasions and attacks in 1240, nomadic Vlachs (romanians) started to migrate towards modern romania, and their (turkic) Cuman overlords (like the wallachian state-founder prince Basarab) established their first Vlach romanian principalities. Romanian lands became vassal state of the Hungarian kings and later they were vassals of Polish kings. In the 16th century, romania became an Ottoman province until the Congress of Berlin in 1878. Since the 16th century the settled life slowly became dominant lifestyle among the formerly mostly nomadic-shepherd romanians. It doesn't sound a very civilized interesting and important history

[@TheLocalLt]

You totally misinterpreted what he said there. Ignoring his stupid left-right fallacy, he was saying that the rise of fascism in 1938 in Hungary led to the antisemitic laws, they basically appeased the fascists then banned their party. That’s what he said, Horthy and the parliament and stole the antisemitic thunder from the fascists.

[@nickwilde4753]

@@csongorcsillogo1440 Sorry to burst your bubble but the Daco-Romanian continuity theory is the academically accepted one outside of Hungary and the illogical 'wandering shepherd nomad Vlachs theory (I'll be kind and not call it a myth) is largely seen as Hungarian historical negationism. This is because: 1, It suits Hungarian irredentist claims on Transylvania that the territory was empty before the 7 Magyar tribes 'swept in from Asia' and conquered Transylvania in the C9th AD. 2, A few nomadic Romanian shepherds have meant to have wandered across the Danube in the C13th century and in a couple of hundred years managed to 'peacefully' fan out and occupy the whole 300,000Km2 territory of Greater Romania. While undertaking this extraordinary feat of resettlement they also managed to out breed the other nationalities (Hungarian, German) by some considerable degree to become the dominant ethnic group in the territory. I say peacefully as you stated that the Romanians were "uncivilised" nomadic shepherds until the C16th. If that is the case it is unlikely they could have expelled the 'indigenous' Hungarian / Slav populations from their villages and lands by force of arms, especially as the nobility in Transylvania was essentially Hungarian by this time. More logical is that the Romanian speaking peoples were always there as the poor old illiterate peasants and the Visgoths, Huns, Gepids etc and later the Hungarians were the ruling class that came and went while the peasant tied to his land and his village remained where he was. Just in case you want to question my assertion about the Romanians being in the majority (as Hungarian revisionist often do) I'd just like to say I researched this topic in some depth while I was a Post-grad student at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (University of London) and took my data from the original sources while travelling extensively in both Hungary and Romania, including the Hungarian Nepszamlalas and Romanian Recensamant. These show quite clearly that apart from the 2 or 3 counties with large Szekely populations the majority of Hungarians lived in the cities and large towns however the surrounding hinterlands and villages were/are populated by Romanians. The inference being that the Hungarian city populations were later immigrants who migrated to the towns of Transylvania from the Danube basin. Having a city without any surrounding villages makes no geographic sense as the population of said city would starve fairly quickly without a source of food nearby. One thing I do agree with you is that the Daco-Romanian continuity is a nativist theory but then so is your wandering nomad shepherd Vlachs theory If we look at the definition of nativist: "Relating to or supporting the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. The Romanians claim they were there first and the Hungarians are immigrants while the Hungarians claim the opposite.

[@battleofwill345]

Have you read Sacrifice on the Steppe by Hope Hamilton? In that the brief reason why Italy was on the Eastern front was the same reason as their involvement in France in 1940, just Musso's desire to have a place at the peace talks-There was even an Italian-made destroyer in the Soviet Black Sea Fleet which proved rather useful. The Operational-Strategic situation of the Italian expeditionary force is described as a farce, in which the commanders argue that the situation is poor, that they need more equipment, better equipment, clothes etc to which Musso always replies "Situation is poor? More men will sort things out, send more men" which only worsens the logistics of the Italians, which leads to further reports of "Situation Poor" which leads to more men, and its' a downwards spiral from there. The book is alright (P.S. Glad to see the Atlas of the Eastern Front in the top-left corner, and the book on Crete-solid favorites of mine and excellent reads, the "Viking Atlas of World War Two by John Pimlott" was what got me into Military history, and the imaginative maneuvers of the desert war. Took one look at their maps on Crusader and only your videos, a good 12 years on, have sorted the matter out) Keep up the good work, all the best

[@Hauke69]

Just to shed some light on how the Germans saw their allies since you mentioned the logistical challenges the Italians faced. TIK already mentioned elsewhere that the Wehrmacht also had major logistical issues. Anyway, in a "witnesses of history" series a German veteran recounts that the Italians in the summer of 1942 were well equipped and seemingly had everything - no sign of logistical problems in the early phase of the Stalingrad campaign. Just they made an impression on him as sort of "fashion soldiers" (his words) - shiny and elegant. The Germans though had their doubts how much galantry would remain when the going would get really tough. In contrast the Romanians were poorly equipped, and appeared to him as an army out of a gone era like a 19th century type of army with their horse carriages and worrysome outdated weapons. He did not meet the Hungarians however. These were just this veteran's impressions in the beginning of the 1942 summer campaign, not during the actual battles later in and around Stalingrad.

[@ilmatar6608]

Such a great channel. Thank you!

[@Hraungerdishreppur]

Thanks TIK, keep up the good work

[@boxybrown22]

Hey TIK, I wanted to ask (I'm doing some looking of my own) if you had any leads on any good WW2 books about the Eastern Front in Romanian? I am looking here in Chișinău, but I'm not sure where to start. I'm an American, but I speak Romanian and would like a book focusing on Romanian efforts on the eastern front, I know they exist but I would like a good take or a lead for a good take on the subject in the language.

[@chainoad]

"Economic bubbles are caused by the government spending" Come on, TIK. You're better than that :)

[@rollarcy]

Yah that one really took me off guard, economic bubbles come from all kinds of places

[@effem65]

Shows that he did not understand our monetary system, though I like his historical war analyses and the new perspectives he gives me on operations, when it comes to economics/financial system....mhm.....better not Tik.

[@jqwermqwer6442]

Given the time period.. yes he is absolutely correct. Today’s bubbles are created by the central banks.. ie “governments” creating money out of thin air then pumping it into the fractional reserve banking system... essentially the same thing but on a much more massive leveraged scale.. (wealth manager of 12 years) the biggest question I haven’t figured out is who funded the Germans war machine prior to WWII 🤷‍♂️🤷‍♂️🤷‍♂️ no one goes from zero to hero without any cash and in debt up to their eyeballs

[@brettmcclain9289]

Keynes said the world would go into another recession if everyone demobilized in1945-1946. Instead the economy grew greatly in 1946. I don't think Keynesian economics have ever fixed a problem, only kick the can down the road. But hey Keynes is dead so he got out good.

[@jvp1286]

Have you ever heard of Austrian economics? Ever heard of Mises, Rothbard or Hayek?

[@bbbabrock]

New Monday TIK vid. Yeah!

[@joshuaworman4022]

i should say i was refereing to your economic views. your military views are of course well elaborated on.

[@mcfontaine]

I take it you do know that the book you have used to do your research for this episode has been called revisionist history by many leading academics. It ‘exonerates the anti-Semitic and war-time policies of the Horthy regime’’ & ‘presents the Hungarian leaders in an undeservedly positive light’ to quote two of the major issues with the book. They go on to state ‘Cornelius representation of the past was accomplished by the selective reading of primary and secondary sources. Cornelius also commits too many factual errors in order to justify some of her assertions’. I’d genuinely like to hear your comments on this.

[@miketaylor5212]

all history written after the fact is revisionist history written by people that were not there using records written by people that were not there.

[@TheLocalLt]

Don’t go by the academics it may indeed be revisionist history I have no idea but you have to read it for yourself and check against other sources, or find where academics specifically cite example of such that are not political in nature.

[@Rprihradsky]

Do you plan on doing a video on the Battle of Budapest, or broadly the Hungarian front in 1944-1945, the Arpád line (line that was never broken by Soviets ), Operation Spring Awakening?

[@slmndow]

Thank you very much again...TIK

[@TheImperatorKnight]

Glad you enjoyed it :)

[@ww2hungary827]

Interesting stuff!

[@macknut2033]

I bag you to look at italian "armir" expedition group in russia is really intresting and drammatic

[@michealohaodha9351]

YES!

[@Player-st4hn]

I'm glad you did your research and as a Westerner talked about Trainnon and how it was unfair and really could have done with more negotiating. Also you highlighted how Hungary was useless in WW2 because of how WW1 and Triannon had crippled them so much, not because they are just bad fighters.

[@ThePaprika277]

Well within the axis and within the minor powers Germany only invested in us. We had the biggest armored force within the minor Axis allies wich was a proper armored division. No other nation had tank production and begin to research new tanks only us.

[@matthiuskoenig3378]

@@ThePaprika277 the romananians had research for new tank destroyers, but yes (assuming italy is considered a major power) hungary was the most powerful minor power.

[@ThePaprika277]

@@matthiuskoenig3378 Yeah but the germans never helped them until the end of the war I think they assembled 1 tank battelion and they used it against the germans when the Russians pulled into Hungary. But with Hungary it was an entirely different scenario. We had 2 tank battelion and tank production was pretty high and reserach. If it wasn't for the American bombs we would have had a tank dat could went up against the T-34. Everything just came way too late like our best submachine gun.

[@alexbartok7579]

Trianon and unfair? Cope you hungol.

[@Fast85FoxGT]

Beautifully taught on the effects of inflation and bursting economic bubbles.

[@ernstalbrecht5212]

Cool historian ,TIK respect ,and LIKE

[@dudewithfairhair]

When are you going to do a video about Bulgaria's involvement, for your bulgarian audience? :)

[@TheImperatorKnight]

Not sure but it's on my list of things to do :)

[@martonjuhasz1544]

i feel like it could happen at any time

[@Frozenmenss1]

​@@TheImperatorKnight The Plan For the Bulgarian Army was If Churchill got Away with the Landings in the Balkans The Bulgarians to fill the Gaps in the line ,just like they did in WW1 for 3 hole years vs 5 Entente armies. Thats why it was deployed in Northern Greece and Macedonia.The National Budget for Bulgaria 40% of it in WW2 went for those Territories like Building Schools and Returning Bulgarian Refugees from WW1 in those lands,but this led to Asia Minor Greek Refugees(from 1923) to rebel and run for the Italian Area of occupation. My Grandfather was serving as Bulgarian artileryman in Kavala,Modern Greece. After 7th of September 1944 the USSR wanted the Bulgarians to hold on to the Agean Coast,but the British didnt Allowed it.

[@cockneycpl]

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Bulgaria_during_World_War_II

[@TheImperatorKnight]

@rick oshea - Wikipedia is not a source

[@juliancate7089]

I think it's important to note that the areas that Hungary annexed as part of it's ethnic irredentism were areas where Hungarians were a minority. And the brief war with Slovakia to seize Carpathian Ruthenia was just a land grab, as there were no Hungarians there at all.

[@benedeknagy8497]

While you are right about Ruthenia as a whole, the territories gained with the first Vienna award (Tisza valley in Zakarpatia and the northen bank of the Danube) are Hungarian majority even today.

[@juliancate7089]

​@@benedeknagy8497 Absolutely false. The First Vienna Award included the entire length of the southern Slovak border and the region annexed contained only about 800,000 ethnic Hungarians. The fact that Hungarians might have been a majority in one small sliver around the Tisza valley does not justify the annexation of the total territory on the basis of Hungarian majority. It was a land grab, pure and simple. The area called Zakarpatia had a Hungarian majority only in a thin strip of land along it's southern Hungarian/Zakarpatian border and it was not then nor is it now majority Hungarian. That is an utterly false assertion. It was then and is now majority Ruthenian (also called Ukrainian). If your pride won't let you admit that, that's your problem. But if you spread falsehoods in response to my post, I will destroy you with the facts.

[@benedeknagy8497]

@@juliancate7089 Please, just google the 2011 census maps Slovakia and Ukraine. It's easy to find. You will see, that the territories along the border are still Hungarian majority. You will find, that these regions are the same as the Vienna award territories. And you should read my post again. I said that you are right about taking the whole of Rutenia was a land grab.

[@juliancate7089]

@@benedeknagy8497 Now you're starting to make me angry because you're gas lighting me. I said that Hungarians were/are a majority in a thin strip along the border - which you are claiming you also said - which you didn't. You claimed that Hungarians were/are a majority, period. The census for 1930 shows the percentage of Hungarians in Ruthenian Carpathia/Zakarpatia (exact same geographic area - and I mean EXACTLY the same - just different names) as 15%. The 2010 census shows the percentage as 12%. The rest are Ruthenian/Rusyn/Ukrainian. Your statement that contradicted my post had glaring factual errors. Now, you're trying to mask your mistake by saying that's not what you said and actually borrowing my argument. Do you know what it means to have intellectual integrity? I'm guessing not. Just admit you were wrong. You tried to pass off some bullshit, probably out of nationalist pride, and you got caught.

[@benedeknagy8497]

@@juliancate7089 Obviously not. I claimed that the hungarians were and are a majority in the territories given back with the first Vienna award. Those territories, like you said, are a strip along the Slovakian and Ukrainian border. These territories had and have hungarian majority. The rest of Ruthenia was not part of the first Vienna award and i never claimed that it ever had a hungarian majority, and i agreed with you in my very first post, that taking the rest of Ruthenia was a landgrab. Seriously, you are either not reading my posts or you are arguing with someone else. :D Anyway, just check those 2001/2011 census maps and compare them to a map showing the first Vienna award territories.

[@eugene1197]

Excellent as always Tik

[@antonyallen1002]

It is wonderful to hear rational assments like this. I greatly look forward to a video about Slovakia, as I am living here myself. It is difficult to peace together the snippets of text available in english together. Good luck with with your research.

[@internetstrangerstrangerofweb]

While I do enjoy that you made this video, and believe it is an excellent summary of the capabilities of The Royal Hungarian Army, I wish that you would've gone a bit more in-depth with things such as command structure, organization, their equipment (Trucks, tanks, weapons, etc) and capabilities of their generals a bit more. Regardless, thank you for doing this!

[@krystoflegierski7873]

Actually I had a book on Slovakian units on the Eastern front, at my grandmothers place but then again the sources are questionable, but is a good introduction to the subject.

[@xerxen100]

Theye were on the eastern front, alongside with the hungarians. And as far as I know, they die alongside., because there was the info, 70 000 taken as a prisoner, but 130 000 was killed, and they had 200 000 troops, so, there was no escape.

[@kylecorey88]

I have always wanted to learn more about the Hungarian arrow cross party. There is very little I could find.

[@PositionLight]

Love the Civ 2 shout out, but you really need to watch "Men Against Tanks", that's all about how to disable tanks without actually having anti-tank weapons xD

[@crabait1]

No way I got this seconds after it was posted! Edit: confirmed first

[@TheImperatorKnight]

First!

[@mana-pj7hi]

Tik, I dont know about any books regarding the reason for the italian presence in the east, but I can reccomend a very famous book written by a veteran of that campaign. The title is "The seargent in the snow" by Mario Rigoni Stern. I think there are plenty of translations. It is a very good book, and really short.

[@TheImperatorKnight]

Thank you for the suggestion! I've added it to my book list for Stalingrad :)

[@michealohaodha9351]

@@TheImperatorKnight 'Sacrifice on the Step' by Hope Hamilton is another very good one.

[@gergelylaszlo5463]

I'm a Hungarian,My great grandfather fought in the war, daly I don't know much about him, All I know is that he was captured by the soviets and later returned. when he was returned he's wife could only recognise him from he's voice and died a month later because he became very weak.

[@LannisterFromDaRock]

My great-grandpa died at the Don on the Hungarian side. :( Thanks for the vid TIK!

[@tommeiner9983]

@John Pustiitoru That's how many braincells you have.

[@iangascoigne8231]

Romanians are descended from Dacian’s so thats where the Dacia Sandero and Duster come from.

[@fazole]

So the stock market crash of 1929 was not caused by the massive speculation on property and the reserve to loan ratios being at 100:1 in the US? And the creation of the Glass-Steagle Act which prevented banks from speculating with people's savings did not prevent another massive market crash like 1929? And the fact that when G-S and other regulations were removed in the 90's and lastly in 2001 that there was another MASSIVE stock market crash was caused ONLY by govt. spending?

[@alanpennie8013]

Hungary and Croatia had been closely associated since the dynastic union of 1102 after which Croatia was effectively the coastal part of Hungary (though the legal position was much more complicated especially after both kingdoms got merged into The Habsburg Empire).

[@Dan-by1jd]

Hey Tik you say in this video that there are very few sources in English. I remember you saying you were learning German I think how's that coming along? Have you been able to use it to access new sources for any of your videos?

[@feltzer-fo3dr]

I see Hungary ai click. Greetings from s polish guy (from England)

[@thedarkness3766]

When I see a comment from a pole, I‘ll like. Greetings from a Hungarian living in Germany 🇩🇪

[@okboomahfromblackrod2939]

There is a difference between "Free market" trade and extreme unregulated capitalism.An example would be Mary is proprietor of a bar. She realises that virtually all her customers are unemployed alcoholics and, as such, can no longer afford to patronise her bar. To solve this problem, she comes up with a new marketing plan that allows her customers to drink now, but pay later. She keeps track of the drinks consumed on a ledger (thereby granting the customers loans). Word gets around about Mary's "drink now, pay later" marketing strategy and, as a result, increasing numbers of customers flood into Mary's bar. Soon she has the largest sales volume for any bar in the area. By providing her customers' freedom from immediate payment demands, Mary gets no resistance when, at regular intervals, she substantially increases her prices for wine and beer, the most consumed beverages. Consequently, Mary's gross sales volume increases massively. A young and dynamic vice-president at the local bank recognises that these customer debts constitute valuable future assets and increases Mary's borrowing limit. He sees no reason for any undue concern, since he has the debts of the unemployed alcoholics as collateral At the bank's corporate headquarters, expert traders figure a way to make huge commissions, and transform these customer loans into DRINKBONDS, ALKIBONDS and PUKEBONDS. These securities are then bundled and traded on international security markets. Naive investors don't really understand that the securities being sold to them as AAA secured bonds are really the debts of unemployed alcoholics. Nevertheless, the bond prices continuously climb, and the securities soon become the hottest-selling items for some of the nation's leading brokerage houses. One day, even though the bond prices are still climbing, a risk manager at the original local bank decides that the time has come to demand payment on the debts incurred by the drinkers at Mary's bar. He so informs Mary. Mary then demands payment from her alcoholic patrons, but being unemployed alcoholics they cannot pay back their drinking debts.Since, Mary cannot fulfil her loan obligations she is forced into bankruptcy. The bar closes and the eleven employees lose their jobs. Overnight, DRINKBONDS, ALKIBONDS and PUKEBONDS drop in price by 90%. The collapsed bond asset value destroys the banks liquidity and prevents it from issuing new loans, thus freezing credit and economic activity in the community. The suppliers of Mary's bar had granted her generous payment extensions and had invested their firms' pension funds in the various BOND securities. They find they are now faced with having to write off her bad debt and with losing over 90% of the presumed value of the bonds. ��Her wine supplier also claims bankruptcy, closing the doors on a family business that had endured for three generations, her beer supplier is taken over by a competitor, who immediately closes the local plant and lays off 150 workers. Fortunately though, the bank, the brokerage houses and their respective executives are saved and bailed out by a multi-billion no-strings attached cash infusion from their cronies in Government. The funds required for this bailout are obtained by new taxes levied on employed, middle-class who have never been in Mary's bar. Now, do you understand economics SO TIK The next time you go on this rant I'll pop out Thatcherism and Reagonomics . Yes I've studied economics and you make a fine HISTORIAN.

[@TheImperatorKnight]

Apart from the fact that Mary's customers are idiots and deserve what's coming to them, and the fact that this story has major holes in it, the best part is this - "Fortunately though, the bank, the brokerage houses and their respective executives are saved and bailed out by a multi-billion no-strings attached cash infusion from their cronies in Government. The funds required for this bailout are obtained by new taxes levied on employed, middle-class who have never been in Mary's bar." Socialism shouldn't have bailed out Mary or the banks that financed her. By doing so, the system is no longer capitalist, and socialism props up a bubble. This then leads to another recession down the road when the bubble pops. If the socialist state didn't get involved, Mary's bar and the bad banks would go out of business, leaving the good bars and the good banks to remain. The lesson is learnt by everyone who survives - if you don't try to swindle people, you'll do well in business. But by propping up the bad banks and bad bars, the socialist state keeps the faulty economy and encourages everyone to keep making the mistakes. This is precisely the point I made in the video.

[@okboomahfromblackrod2939]

@@TheImperatorKnight An interesting vid on the logistics which speaks volumes to the efficiency of the Romans and Mongol empires.Who traveled much greater distances and lasted much longer. i can imagine the axis minor allies only wanted to reclaim their loses and saw the Nazis as the lesser of two evils.But had to continue for fear of reprisals..However the political cherry-picking (from my point of view) doesn't add great content...There is no TRUE capitalist or communist or socialist system with all being variations in one way or another...I've been compiling info for a series I'm writing called "Another fine mess" with dates from 1850s industrial rise of the first "Unregulated Capitalists" which actually gave rise to revolutions and I'd love to have discussion on how "The Greedy Capos" were responsible for a lot of todays world problems...The story of Marys' bar was a teaser to attract your attention. And it achieved it's objective...(booya)...we shall no doubt discuss the differences between 'Free Market' trade and extreme capitalism and the socialism it created at another time as it's 3 am here in Australia.But I would like to take up your challenge at 23.00 in the vid..So until next time Good night and thanx for the reply..It's not over by a long shot Cheers and peace out..Usher of Blackrod.(you what he does don't you?)...Andy.

[@imrep91gmail]

Nice up date

[@brianoneil9662]

Imagine being a conscripted support soldier shoeless, hungry and a thousand miles from home being told that your "ally" who isn't providing the logistics they promised expects you to hold the line against an enemy superior in numbers and equipment, even as you can't understand WHY you are where you are. It's shocking such troops weren't fanatically motivated.

[@xoidbergskywalker9139]

"This random guy used to be a libertarian but now he's a Communist so basically they are the same thing." People change their minds, and some people are just naked opportunists who will flip to any ideology if it means a position of power.

[@TheAngelobarker]

There is a difference between one man and a trend. Most of the italian facists were former left wing die hards. It is highly unlikey they were all or even mostly opportunists. We are talking of a huge portion of the population. And they didn't exactly cut ties either despite propaganda. Fiat sold cars all the way into the cold war to ussr, the italian naval companies tht were owned by the state (nationalized by iri)even sold state of the art ships to the ussr. Mussolini had nothing but praise for lenin usually though he disliked stalin.(Mussolini's government was inconsistent on nearly everything however defending the Jews in italian territory but enforcing anti Jew laws etc)

[@partytor11]

@@TheAngelobarker Yeah I'd agree that there is definitely overlap in the Venn diagram of tankies and fascists, but to say that all leftism and national socialism/fascism is interchangeable is ridiculous. TIK also fails to differentiate between marxist-leninists and market socialists, democratic socialists and anarcho-syndicalists when he insinuates that all leftism is statist (which is, of course, a ridiculous statement.)

[@Usammityduzntafraidofanythin]

@@TheAngelobarker Highly centralized 'statist' govts tend to be inconsistent in ideology. The freedom afforded by near absolute power lets them flip flop and do what they like, regardless of how ideological consistency might effect their legitimacy.

[@zeitgeistx5239]

Only Americans and other Westerners are taught political ideology above all else. Tik is an example, his raging hard on for whos a fascist and whos left and right. People in Asia laugh at this narrow minded, child like obsession. Countries like Japan, Singapore, South Korea could care less. They care about whatever works and makes their country rich and they teach their children that. So watching Tik and other white people rage about labels is just too cute.

[@Usammityduzntafraidofanythin]

@@zeitgeistx5239 Yeah, the west is moralistic about what they think freedom is, stuff like that. We do benefit in happiness from being individualistic though. I'm sure singaporeans, koreans and japanese tend to be more depressed

[@dancarson1479]

Can you do a segment on the Romanians please?

[@papapabs175]

So complex, I can see that even you are struggling 👏🏼

[@peterlynch1458]

Small correction, Austro-Hungarian Empire had about 50 million people before breakup, a lot more than the "18+ million" that TIK states.

[@twilightzone7824]

Indeed. That figure only defines the population of the Kindom of Hungary (without Croatia) inside the empire not that of all the empire.

[@istvanbudai6090]

Trianon is still hurting. Us lost 1/3 of population and 2/3 of land .

[@pedroprague]

Because on those 2/3 of the land were 2/3 of people other than Hungarians. My both grandfathers born in 1908 get education in hungarian because there were not Slovak schools. Both of them were fighting agains Germans first one already in 1944 during Slovak uprising other in 1945 when soviet troops were already in Slovakia and he was mobilized because he was a teacher and during military service before ww2 kind of officer. Even in spring of 1945 there was a lot of fighting in Slovakia. Actualy since summer 1944 till March April 1945. Forgotten part of WW2. BTW I like Hungary and hungarians and the fact is that we are sharing our history and have a lot of in comun;)

[@evilmonkeyfromchriscloset1211]

Just a simple Pole here. I would like to thank Hungarians for the stuff they did for my country during WW2: Accepting refugees, helping us during Warsaw Uprisning and most importantly not betraying us. You are a great nation. Btw I don't want to cause another war here but I'd like to also thank Romanians for accepting our refugees and government. Take Care all of you :)

[@evilmonkeyfromchriscloset1211]

@Fpica F Indeed

[@dancrisan6603]

You're welcome! HOPE WE'LL NEVER HAVE TO DO THIS AGAIN!

[@stosslegionen]

Man i love to see the 33rd SS video not gonna lie, they are so many misconceptions about this unit that even when I did my research on them I was surprise to find.

[@string-bag]

[@RamblingRecruiter]

16:10 Sounds very familiar... seems like current day politicians are making the same absurd claims that somehow socialism will fix capitalism

[@ericjohnson2024]

So on the Don Riverfront you had four armies: Germany, Italy, Hungary, and Romania. That's four different countries using four different rifles with four different types of bullets. That alone is logistical nightmare.

[@MrNiceGuyHistory]

Same with artillery and spare parts for vehicles.

[@ericjohnson2024]

@@MrNiceGuyHistory Oh that is an excellent point. Tires, oil filters, arty shells, you name it. All different, except for maybe 9 mm pistol ammo.

[@whitewolf44a]

While I agree about your statement about the far left and far right being close. The case with István Párkányi is that he was just surviving and trying to get more influence. He was just a typical eastern european politician. He always was at the table with most food on it.

[@OpiumEnjoyer19]

I have a lot of family (dead) who lived through the war, 3 great uncles of mine died on the eastern front 1 in 1942 and 2 in 1944. My great-grandfather was captured and sent to the Caucasus, and another went into French captivity. My grandfather lived through the siege of Budapest as a civilian and my great grandmother's ex-husband died as a railway worker in Budapest.

[@TheAngelobarker]

About foot wear the Italian general messe was famous for buying his men boots on the black market with his own money.

[@ayatealsilverborn322]

Tik, im a hungarian historian, and before this topic blow up, and hungarians and romanians alike start to attack you, please remove the part about the "daco-romanian continuity" theory, and just talk about the mixed ethnics of transylvania. This theory enrage both party to the point they start endless and fruitless flame wars, that further elevate the hostility between hungary and romania.

[@TheImperatorKnight]

I wasn't aware that this was a major issue, and wouldn't have included it if I had known. However, now that it is out, I'm not removing the video over that. If people want to argue about it - fine. At the end of the day, history lies in the heart of the debate. Refusing to allow the debate would go against a fundamental principle of history, let alone free speech. So, as painful as it's probably about to be in this comment section, it is what it is.

[@ineednochannelyoutube5384]

@@TheImperatorKnight Your choice. I do loath that people cannot discuss it ith honesty to be frank.

[@adythedog]

We can get over this and appreciate the rest :)

[@ayatealsilverborn322]

@@TheImperatorKnight I of course respect you opinion. It wasn't my intention to tell you what to do, however i seen biggoted, ill-mouthed individuals that pray on topics like transylvania or daco-roman continuation, that i thought i warn you about the possibility. And please don't get me wrong, i like debtes as much as any of my peers, but this issue is something special. A few weeks ago there was a football match, where romanian ultras started to chant "the only good hungarian is the dead one", and even romanian police refused to guarantee the safety of the guests. Now these mindless provokators on both sides use these topics to elevate the hatred for political gains. For example a hungarian prime minister got elected only becasue he claimed that 23 million romanian whould immigrate to hungary if his contender get elected. I heard that domething similar happening in romania: if there is any major scandal about the government, they always play the hungarian card, and pit the citizens against each other. I tried to point to both roamnian and hungarian academic sources that deconsturct the traditional "hate narrative" but they couldn't care less about the Historiography, they just want one reason to smack the other's head with a baseball bat. That's why i'd like to ask you kindly, to alter only the daco-romanian sentence, because im afraid it will further elevate this problem. It is of course is your autonomous decision as im in no position to suggest anything at all.

[@ayatealsilverborn322]

@@adythedog Thank you ! I wish that more people whould be as smart as you!

[@oisnowy5368]

Extreme left and extreme right? If instead of a straight line, you see it as a circle then you notice you do not have to move much at all to get from extreme left to extreme right.

[@TheImperatorKnight]

Or, you could just cut the circle off at the point where free market capitalism magically warps into socialism on the Right, straighten it out, and say that the Right is capitalist and anti-state and the Left is Socialist and pro-state, which is exactly the point.

[@keithehredt753]

TIK, In the future Could you do video on Croatian 369th legion fighting in stalingrad along side 6th army.

[@sammyboi2951]

Later Gen. Gusztáv Jány revoked his order in order the restore the 2nd Army's honor. As for the reason why Hungarians were fighting there one reason is that Germans promised them the rest of Transylvania if they perform better than the Romanians. But they promised the same to the Romanians. The other reason was that the German-friendly members of the High Command feared that if Germany wins the war and Hungary stays out they might support Romania in the Transylvanian question. About that bombing: You said it right TIK no one knows who commited it even today. There are 3 theories what I heard so far. The first one was that it was the Soviets so the Hungarians had a reason to declare war. The second was about Germans doing it in order to force Hungary to join. The third theory was about Slovakian planes doing it (ordered by Germans). I heard about another interesting theory: in 1944 Horthy was given a message from Stalin. It was said that he have sent this letter back in 1941 stating that the Soviets have nothing to do with the bombing of Kassa neither with Hungary and they are actually supoorting Hungary in the Transylvanian question. Of course it was too late for that but that was one reason why Horthy asked Stalin to let Hungary quit the war in 1944.

[@andrei19238]

The population of Transylvania was not AT ALL mostly Hungarian I don’t know where you got that from as it’s completely wrong, even in the part taken by Hungary they weren’t a majority, literally 5 minutes of research would have found this out but it seems like all your sources are hugely biased pro Hungary

[@ragemode7595]

Romanians re writing history again, typical of you people

[@blucher6234]

@@ragemode7595 Where?Please told me.

[@n-amTimp]

Hello. My grandparents both fought in ww2, but for me it's a different situation because they fought in different armies. One in the Hungarian army left for the front in 1942, was taken prisoner in 1944 by the Russians until 1948, returned home, and the other grandfather in the Romanian army left for the front on 21.01.1942 and on 23.08.1942 he was seriously wounded in Stalingrad, then he recovers, leaves for the western campaign, he also returns home, the proof is their military booklets that are with me. At my parents' wedding, my grandparents met. This is, in short, my story about my grandparents.

[@556deltawolf]

So Hungary suffered the same issues as Italy. The men were dedicated, brave, and were well trained and fought well, but the lack of supplies, weapons, and effective leaders crippled their fighting capabilities.

[@zekun4741]

The Hungarians were also very very clever and figured out ways to make up for their lack of resources and experts. For instance, the Arpad-line, which was build after the Germans walked around the concrete fortified Maginot Line, with consideration of how to avoid the same fate, built a flexible defence against the Soviets. The Arpad line was never broken, the Hungarians had a 500/1 kill death ratio when defending against Soviet advances despite the fact the Soviets had all the resources and supplies they would ever need provided by Western Europe and America and they had the more advanced weapons and tanks, and were also not afraid to use their own men as cannon fodder. Even the Russians admitted that they never managed to advance through the Arpad line, instead, they went around after Romania switched sides.