Making Dry Ice from scratch

[@HyperspacePirate]

For those who are curious, the "KSP Soundtrack" is "Groove Groove" by Kevin MacLeod. Kerbal Space Program used several Kevin MacLeod tracks for their music in early development because they're royalty free, and left them in the game even after they started producing their own soundtrack music.

[@HyperspacePirate]

@@criticalevent Not really. Better to buy the CO2 unless you happened to already have large quantities of the reagents on hand

[@dragonsyph2557]

Might have been a bit easyer if you used like a water chiller for like a laser, they can get super chilled for around 150 bucks and have pretty powerful compressors.

[@ablemagawitch]

at 14:10 you should really be wearing some gloves for thermal safety from frostbite, aka frozen skin & body tissue. Which is very is nasty & painful to experience. You can quickly cause your hands to become damaged, in very a painful way as they thaw and the flesh may be necrotic. Requiring amputation. Freezing your flesh or "Frostbite"(the name trivializes how serious it can be )is something people climbing mountains like Everest fear more than falling. Cool experiment and great teaching video , just please think about preserving your body. I used to work with dry ice in large amounts on shows, often breaking big blocks from the storage coolers into small pieces so they hard more surface area for the dry ice fog machines. There few more safety rules you want to follow, but that bare skin contact is big no no for the risk. Even if just momentary.

[@matty4z]

13:12 oh god no lol XD

[@dragonsyph2557]

@@ablemagawitch NO

[@bigclivedotcom]

I used a very simple dry ice puck maker designed for special effects use. It was two disks of wood with velcro hook strips glued and stapled on them, and a pipe connector tapped into one the disks. In use, a larger velcro strap was applied around the two disks with a gap for the puck of dry ice to form inside. Then liquid CO2 was blown in until the puck started making slight creaking noises. When the velcro was undone there was a nice solid puck of dry ice inside. That was an impressive way of making enough CO2. I wonder if the first compressor was angry about being started under pressure, since they aren't really designed for that.

[@etherealrose2139]

It may not have been broke, could have just been the starter burned out, easy replacement. There is also a chance it melted some insulation because he ran a heavy load with no cooling (usually refrigerant provides cooling in addition to the oil.) Lastly, he plugged it in with no load (rotor) so of course it'll just overheat and definitely short at that point. It's impossible to say.

[@MechMan0124]

3:32 - You need to add an air stone diffuser to your bubbler/scrubber to reduce sloshing and improve absorption of fumes and such. The sloshing is depleting your desiccant capacity too quickly as can be seen with the dripping into your drier. Also add some salt to your ice bath for a few extra degrees of cooling. You can get down to -21C with enough salt, reducing your pressure requirement for condensation down to just 19 bar.

[@samgrattan5465]

Your DIY chemical engineering is so awesome and inspiring. I’ve studied this stuff in school, yet between all the thermodynamics, transport phenomena and kinetics classes, I can’t think of a better way to demonstrate the spirit of engineering than what you’re doing right now. Keep up the good work!

[@izzzzzz6]

What else does he make at home? lol

[@romancandlefight1144]

His wife.. happy

[@RNA0ROGER]

I love the carefully included humour and educational value of your content.

[@WillSmithAnarchy]

I agree

[@bobbyc2768]

yea, the mask thing had me rolling

[@justrolledintotheshop]

newest addition to the crusty sock collection!

[@scottleggejr]

You could say his delivery of humor was as dry as the ice he eventually made?

[@maddsua]

This is so underrated. C'mon, this stuff is much better that all of pop-science channels put together

[@maddsua]

Trapped farts. LMAO

[@jacobb7608]

I know as much as I love channels like NileRed, everything has become clickbait-y and unoriginal.

[@maddsua]

@@jacobb7608 well okay, not all 1M+ channels suck, but most of them for sure

[@DUKE_of_RAMBLE]

Explosions&Fire / Extractions&Ire (sis channel) and LabCoatz also don't suck. 😉👍 Although, the latter is just starting out and last time I checked, he only had 20K subs with NileRed's help (I stumbled across him at 10K, and also mentioned him in a E&F community post).

[@Correct_Opinion]

Chemiolis, chemdelic, and chemical force are also great

[@genuismensa]

I am so used to watching Nile Red and all of his proper glassware and then I find you... I sub'd the second I saw the gatorade bottles as test equipment. Now I know we are about to learn some sketchy fun stuff. This is how I experiment in my garage too. Sometimes you just want to learn but don't have every single part so you just make it out of normal household goods.

[@k.c.sunshine1934]

I work at a big box store in the plumbing department. Sometimes we get people trying to do such creative projects. I'm glad that you understand the danger. Thank you for allowing us to live vicariously with your videos! Stay safe!

[@humannotanalien8675]

Hey I love my custom built muskets.

[@Willrocs]

Can ya elaborate on these homemade blunderbus lol

[@amosbackstrom5366]

​​@@humannotanalien8675 You can make the best cannons from scrapped hydraulic cylinders. They even come with a built in pivot and touch port🫣💥

[@charliepearce8767]

​@@amosbackstrom5366 Ha ha !

[@ProtoV33MK1]

Yikes. Closest I've come to that was making a u-bend nozzle for my pressure washer to clean gutters from the ground, and even that sketched me out.

[@rolandvanhall8622]

Your Embraco is a R134 refrigerant. In order to reach high pressure you should use a R404 or R410 refrigerant type of compressor. Danfoss series SC12CC or SC15CC. Also preferably look for a "medium back pressure" as they are suited for higher current through the stator. Putting current through the stator without the rotor running results in no counter EMF (Electro Magnetic Force). Every stator will burn if you do what you did. Notice that all hermetic compressors are protected with a bi-metal current limiter. So the click you heard probably is the over current protection, which will reset itself automatically. When you start experimenting with ethylene, make sure the first trap is at least -30'C, otherwise pressure will be too high. Use preferably R410 in your first stage. For the second stage you will be unable to find an expension valve. You can only run this stage using capillary. It is a long way to get a two stage system working from scracttch or know-how. You can reach me via linked-in, Roland van Hall - Tamson Instruments.

[@RT-qd8yl]

Isn't it great watching homeowners try to do refrigeration?

[@MarkusBenjaminAnders]

"It could eeeasily be lethal... Anyway" Stay safe!

[@Hellsong89]

If that tread fails all that pressure is released. Frosts damage to skin, suffocation, loss of hearing and turning bottle into ballistic missile that has enough force to punch trough brick wall are the very potential consequences depending on detail like location, top of turning that peace into impro bullet. Local trade school had student be poked to weld cap to pipe, fill it with oxy acetylene mix and hit the spark. End result lead to whole welding section moving it self to walls and removing all the windows in 50 meter radius. Top of that all the gas bottles also went to walls from several broken the valve off and turned into ICBM's going trough the brick wall, metal roof like it was not there. Furthest away one was found 100 meters away, mind those bottles are really heavy even when empty. This one has less mass and pressure, but its still enough to be dangerous if you fuck something up, so learn what is needed to make it safely, well as consider all the risks constantly. Its better if you can do everything remotely from behind the brick wall or similar shield to hinder it and mind having well ventilated area that allows co2 be replaced with fresh air fast. Full lung full of co2 can knock you off pretty damn fast.

[@Paulster2]

Safety 3rd, right?

[@28russ]

@@Hellsong89 Yeah I've heard a couple of oxy acetylene bombs go off and they go off with one hell a bang lol. I guy I know made one when he was an apprentice welder. Set it off in the workshop and ruptured his bosses ear drums. He wasn't an apprentice there after that 😂😂

[@goldenmeanphaseconjunction313]

So true, But so is an outlet Or gasoline. That being said, again true, Well said

[@erolflyn1741]

@@Hellsong89 päüää Ä0ä0äü0ä

[@jimronaldson6699]

It is always surprising how we tend to overthink things. My friend runs a bug killing business and we were trying to think of a safer way to kill the bed bugs (zero chemicals) and not make his insurance jump through the roof (Heat Treatment). Bed Bugs are attracted to the CO2 we produce and are mostly nocturnal. They cannot grip certain surfaces. So, we could easily find a dog bowl and scuff up the sides of it so the bugs can get in. Put a cylinder of dry ice/CO2 making stuff in the middle with a small bit of water to further help trap the nasty bugs. A simple drip mechanism of Vinegar into Baking soda will do just that. Slowly create CO2 so the trap can be run for extended periods of time.

[@justapyro4935]

The bedbugs are also attracted to heat more than you might think, using baking soda may be more efficient as you don’t have freezing temperatures. Maybe you could even heat up the bowl slightly if you like. Dry ice just doesn’t seem like the best or most economical option here.

[@jimronaldson6699]

@@justapyro4935 I agree. I have seen Dry Ice traps and they do work. I just do not think they would work long enough to draw in the infestation as well as (like you said) dry ice would be cold and would not attract as many. However, I did not think of heating it to better mimic a human host.

[@JacTheGamingNerd]

Give me your comment. It's such a good idea.

[@staceywatrin2112]

​@@justapyro4935um I don't want to say that you are wrong, but bedbugs are not attracted to heat. Heat treatment in eradicating bed bugs in commercial pest control is about killing them by raising the ambient temperature above 140 for a period of time. They tend to move away from it as the temperature rises lol. They were eradicated in this country but ah yeah they have made a comeback for sure 😂🎉😮

[@i8764theKevassitant]

Testing the co2 by extinguishing flames is essentially the mechanism by which welding gas works. Keeps the oxygen out to keep the metal from burning and reacting with atmosphere making oxides and shit. Argon does that also but also assists in maintaining an arc.

[@flipping1n0s]

Those little compressors are usually cooled by "cold/cool" refrigerant in the return/suction. It was probably working so hard windings got hot and shorted. Like others have said, lubrication is important too.

[@leifhietala8074]

I remember seeing in a science equipment catalog, maybe Edmund back in the day, a dry ice sock, the use of which I never explored. I hadn't thought about that in probably 20 years or more until you tied the sock to the outlet. "Hey, so that's how it works!"

[@bobbyvarnell9350]

I remember that in the Edmond catalog, it came with a denim sock to collect the ice.

[@KibitoAkuya]

@@bobbyvarnell9350 is there anything special to it(material it's made of or something) or is it basically just a sock?

[@kathleenrobertpogue6818]

@@KibitoAkuya I think you just want a thick material. You can buy the bags and make your own with a tank of co2. It wastes a lot though. They also make these little plastic blocks that you can release the co2 into. Also wastes a lot of co2. This is fine if you only need to make a little bit every once in a while. Anything more than that and you'll want to spend 5k on a machine that pulls co2 out of the air and makes dry ice like a regular ice machine.

[@tylisirn]

@@kathleenrobertpogue6818 And in-between those, just buy the dry ice directly.

[@cambridgemart2075]

@@KibitoAkuya Denim is good because it's relatively smooth so the dry ice doesn't tend to stick to it. Our setup used a denim sock surrounding a laboratory beaker, it seemed to be very effective.

[@M4n10L]

Seems to me like you chose the grippiest material to gather dry ice onto. Thin pillowcases perform much better and its easier to get the dry ice out of them, also dry ice packs rly nice, so u dont have to go straight into pellets. I also think a 3D printed nozzle of some kind could help with creating more snow.

[@scottmacintyre3620]

We use a commercially available horn and a denim bag to collect the dry ice.

[@cookingforone6359]

Have you seen commercial dry ice production? They expand the liquid into a large chamber which makes CO2 snow, then compress the snow into large blocks that are then cut into smaller blocks with a band saw. You can make the snow just need a way to gather it and then compress it into the final form. Your video is great, thank you.

[@en2oh]

I was fearing another silly video with no redeemable science - but instead got physical chemistry and a wealth of information about bodged together pressure fittings! Now, all you needed to do was add some salt to the ice to further lower the temperature below 0C and you would have made my day! Thanks for sharing this! (btw, I'm a p chemist by training - very well done!)

[@RioSul50]

I have a 20 lb CO2 cylinder for making soda water. It is not expensive to refill so that would be an option for CO2. Back in the 1980's I worked for Liquid Carbonic and we took CO2 from a fertilizer plant (waste CO2 from the manufacture of nitrogen based fertilizer) and processed it then filled railcars and trucks with the CO2. The plant had sold dry ice also (but by the time I started working for them they had stopped making and selling dry ice). The industrial equipment for dry ice was still there and we could still make some.

[@AngDavies]

At a guess, motors often have lower torque starting up than when running, the compressor got to a high enough pressure that while it could still run, the load was too high for the motor to be able to start again, it stalled and instantly burned out.

[@graealex]

Compressors actually release pressure when stopping, so that when they start the next cycle, the starting torque doesn't have to fight the pressure inside.

[@jonathonhaberkorn233]

Electric motors produce the most torque when the rotor is stalled. Depending on the type of motor the torque will drop off as the speed rises. The piece is called a “unloader valve” and releases the compression in the cylinder when the motor cycles off.

[@fascistpedant758]

Even if the motor was locked it wouldn't instantly burn out. It would draw 2-3 times it's rated current but still take a while to burn out.

[@AngDavies]

@@jonathonhaberkorn233 true of some types of motor, but not all: induction motors which are quite common tend to have this weird humped torque speed curve, where the torque grows to a peak and then shrinks again

[@jonathonhaberkorn233]

@@fascistpedant758 it’s not burned up. It’s a pressure lock. Refrigerant systems don’t use an unloader valve. They have what is called a “compressor delay” if you have ever programmed a thermostat this is the variable that allows the pressure on the high and low side to equalize before starting the pump. These compressors are very high efficiency and rely heavily on the inertia in the rotating mass to achieve the high pressures that are needed. Chances are he could have let the pressure out and it would have started right up.

[@evanwilliams9801]

As someone who fills cryogenic liquids, the lack of ppe is both realistic and terrifying 😂

[@todd8155]

Yes, was noticing no gloves. Even in the HVAC field, minor frostbite is common without gloves.

[@RT-qd8yl]

@@todd8155 In HVACR we don't wear gloves with refrigerants specifically because the tips of the gloves soak up the refrigerant before it all boils off. It can actually make things worse. If you know what you're doing and don't have your head up your ass there shouldn't be a situation where your fingertips are coming into contact with refrigerant in the first place, outside of a fraction of a second when you're disconnecting your gauges. I tried wearing gloves when I first started, that stopped on my 3rd call. 20 years later it's smooth sailing and properly callused fingertips.

[@todd8155]

@@RT-qd8yl - Thanks for the info!

[@overbuiltautomotive1299]

thanks for posting this A++@@RT-qd8yl

[@SSGLORY24]

I worked for Air Products delivering Liquid Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Liquid Helium to giant tanks all around the country. These atmospheric gasses are such interesting elements. I was addicted to playing with the liquid air created from any cold line freezing the surrounding atmosphere. But this stuff can hurt us so bad in many different ways...crazy.

[@UltraBrot]

I think there is still a lot of potential to increase the yield by precooling the CO2 liquid to reduce the vapor pressure. Try using a bath of ice in saturated saltwater to get it below 0°C. Also you could take inspiration from the Linde process: Fix a copper tube to the CO2 pressure vessel and squeeze the end nearly closed, so that the flow of CO2 is throttled there instead of the valve. Put this upside down inside a thermos bottle or dewar - preferably a narrow one. The CO2 cools at the throttle at the bottom of the thermos. The escaping gas will then precool the liquid in the copper tube and increase the yield. Of course you must make sure the copper tube can take the pressure. It might be brittle at low temperature.

[@firstmkb]

Good idea, but you could even use a thermos bottle instead of a Dewar.

[@jimellis1496]

Using ordinary table salt (NaCl) can get down to -7 °C or 20 °F. Other salts can get a lower temp, but are not as readily available (you would have to order them online instead of getting it at the grocery store).

[@Rollyn01]

@@jimellis1496 In Northern states, you can get rock salts from the grocery store during winter. They can help bring the temp to -15°C.

[@louistournas120]

@@Rollyn01 Actually, the freezing point of NaCl and water is 18 °C. I think CaCl2 and water is -40 °C. I used such a cold solution of NaCl when I was distilling benzene. It was a bad idea. The benzene froze in the graham condenser (coiled tubing).

[@Rollyn01]

@@louistournas120 Soooooooooo... CaCl2 + H2O + Stirling heat pump = a really good cryocooler is what I'm hearing? 🤔🤔🤔

[@mylittleparody2277]

Humor, knowledge, and safety, perfect! You, sir, deserve an internet. Thank you

[@nathank4708]

Nice to see your funny commentary. I was a ammonia operator we used ammonia as a refrigerant making lco2 and dry ice. Our main compressor was 1,750 hp. At 220 psi. The lco2 got down to -21 f before going out to our tanks. 5 tanks at 220 tons each. Btw only fill refrig. Tanks 80% max.

[@Dave62530]

I have a bar and we used large CO2 bottles for our keg system. The large cylinders are called 50lb CO2 cylinders and cost about $50 bucks to fill up. You can have them filled at a fire extinguisher dealer cheap. Most dealers can also recertify a tank of any variety. Should be able to find some cheap cylinders. For CO2 our tanks stay around 800 psi

[@ddegn]

Is the CO2 used to refill fire extinguishers "food grade"? Do you have to worry about impurities when using fire extinguisher CO2 with beverages? I wonder if the CO2 used with paintball guns is food safe? I've been meaning to get some small CO2 tanks for pneumatic projects. I'm pretty sure CO2 provides much more working gas than pressurized air in a comparably sized of container.

[@Centar1964]

@@ddegn Seltzer bottles use common CO2 carts like airguns use. I've never seen anything about having to use "food grade" CO2 in them.

[@ddegn]

@@Centar1964 Good to know. Thanks.

[@ruben_balea]

@@Centar1964 That's "food grade" CO2 because it's just clean CO2, I don't know if the CO2 used in fire extinguishers is suitable for food use or not. But CO2 cylinders used for welding have some oil from the compressors, at least some of them.

[@robinnegus6499]

you’re level of ingenuity is inspiring!! definitely got yourself a new subscriber!🤘🏽

[@s6e67tysd]

Something I was wondering in your last cyrocooler video, it did seem to be getting stuck at around dry ice temperatures. Given you were continuously taking in fresh air (and having to dehydrate it), perhaps you were getting CO2 freezing up inside of your system? At any rate, if you 'recycle' the exhaust, you wouldn't have to do as much drying. But, same goes for closed loop hydrogen, etc. If you do go the cascade refrigeration way, take a look at making some "R469" - its just a mix of CO2 and R410a (easily recovered from dehumidifiers, etc). Much easier to get than ethane or ethylene, but won't freeze at -55C (triple point at 5Bar) like pure CO2 would. I'd probably add some propane to the mix too for oil solubility goodness. (or better, "MAPP Gas", which is just propylene, boils 10c colder). Also, add a heat exchanger, warming up the suction line to the compressor, using the 'heat' left in the refrigerant after the condenser. Bit of warmth makes for more oily oil, and makes sure all the bits of the blend have boiled off. If you haven't played much with diy compression systems before, /other than running stupid high pressures which will cook the motor/ (or, near zero flow, depriving it of cooling) they're a lot more forgiving/harder to fuck up than various tradespeople on forums/youtube/anywhere will go on about - in terms of captube sizing, "fuck it, whats there might work" often does. BBQ tank propane+butane+stinkgas bastard mix will work in just about any system. There is roughly nothing in this world which needs to be brazed, (cheap-ish, "silver bearing", plumbing solder 100%. Cheap, by-the-litre-from-pharmacies "fatty cream" moisturizer+zinc oxide+Hcl= plumbing solder flux), and no brazing means no nitrogen purging (I use CO2 sometimes) - though I flush any flux, etc out of a system with ethanol first. Nothing needs to be vacuumed for more than 30 minutes, if it does, its leaking. (Oh, and try not to vent ODP/high-GWP refrigerants like the "professionals" do. Its so easy to recover them into old gas torch bottles for playing with later)

[@DJAltheas]

Absolutely howled at the "crusty sock collection"... oh, and wicked video BTW. Thank you for your time and effort!

[@andrewevenson2657]

Your crusty sock collection joke just earned you a like lol

[@singincowboy]

I work in the natural gas industry, both in highly compressed (5kpsi) and liquid(cryo) forms. Either way, I would encourage you to purchase stainless or high carbon steel fittings for experiments like this. HCS is cheaper, and less prone to galling, and since you aren't working outside on equipment meant to last years, you'd probably be ok. Swagelok and Parker have pretty good distribution in the US

[@petercoutu4726]

I would recommend Adding a ball valve after the needle valve that you already have in place so that you can set the flow rate and open and close the outlet as necessary. It may also be beneficial to try an atomizer Nozzle similar to what is used in heating oil furnaces.

[@Eluderatnight]

@4:00 I love the safety flipflops. You are my people.

[@newmonengineering]

Very cool, I have seen the sock thing done before. This is a lot of work and equipment to pull off. I think it's easier to buy co2 in a cylinder from a welding supply store , cheaper also. But fun video keep up the great content

[@mouserr]

the cheapest way to source co2 is to pick up a siphon tube co2 bottle as used for soda fountains, they can be picked up for under $50 and refilled for far cheaper than a larger co2 bottle

[@RobDucharme]

11:37 When I worked at a steel mill, I worked in the lab. We had to make dry ice for a specific destructive test on prepared steel samples. What we had was a big cylindre (like an oxy-acetylene setup) and what looked like a fire extinguisher nozzle at the end of the hose. We had a one gallon pail that we'd blast it into, and it built up very quickly as it had no place to go. So you're getting the expansion as it enters the fire extinguisher nozzle but it's crashing into the bucket and unable to escape.

[@alro2434]

Place I bought from didn't use a megaphone shape as output, just a straight metal tube about 5-6 in in diameter & 12 in long. Aimed into Styrofoam cooler it made 4 pounds in about 20-30 seconds with a lotta noise and sure seemed like a waste of gas to me. Take a looksee at those big CO2 tanks outside of bars& restaurants, they have a quick-connect coupling on them, and have a nighttime visit!

[@bottlekruiser]

"with a little bit of force, a standard barbed fitting can be pushed into the inflation valve of the beach ball, and now we've got our gas bag" gets me every time

[@Jazz-ji9zu]

Thanks for this video. Not only did I learn a simple way to make dry ice, but also a way to store wood gas.

[@StellaFoxxie]

i love how you've essentially made a homemade co2 fire extinguisher. i bet you could refill empty ones in the same way 😄 (yes i know that's a horrible idea for many reasons)

[@DUKE_of_RAMBLE]

As someone who *_doesn't_* know why that would be a bad idea... I'm certainly open to hearing why that would be. ☺️

[@StellaFoxxie]

@@DUKE_of_RAMBLE i guess its not that doing it is inherently unsafe (you can basically do it as safely as the video) but the danger lies in actually using it as a primary fire safety device. because (as far as i know) fire extinguishers are extremely regulated devices intended to be refilled exclusively by a certified service company as to insure the upmost reliability, as a faulty fire extinguisher can really make a bad situation MUCH worse its kinda like building your own parachute for skydiving. can you do it? probably. should you do it? probably not

[@kleetus92]

@@StellaFoxxie Actually, most people who skydive DO pack their own chutes... And if you've ever met any of the people who service fire extinguishers, you'd know this guy has his shit together way better...

[@StellaFoxxie]

@@kleetus92 i meant like sewing your own parachute, out of like bedsheets. and of course you can refill a fire extinguisher easily, that's the whole point of the first comment. why are you so hostile?

[@kleetus92]

@@StellaFoxxie Who's hostile? I'm just saying this guy not only has all his ducks in the same pond, they're also in a row!

[@paulweston8184]

There's more cool science info packed into ithis sixteen minute video than probably the last 10 or so other videos I've watched combined. Thanks for the subscription.

[@MCPicoli]

You could add salt to the ice bath to lower the temperature even more and make your poor compressor happier (or at least not that unhappy!) by not having to reach a pressure as high.

[@frontiervirtcharter]

Might even be able to liquefy oxygen if you do a 2-stage using the dry ice with an acetone bath to cool the second stage

[@KallePihlajasaari]

In the past I have modified a surplus SodaStream system to make dry ice. The yields are low as most is lost as gas in the cooling process. Simply removing the valve gear from the carbonator and reforming (heat gun and taper)) the PLASTIC injector tube into an expanding cone is pretty effective.. My cone was about 4cm long and 1cm at the outlet but a slightly larger/longer one might have offered better conversion. The idea is to have a controlled expansion while trapping the cooling effect to maximise the formation of snow. Chilling the cylinder will also help as it reduces the pressure and removes some heat. The choice of bag is important. I found a SATIN drawstring bag worked the best. The snow does not stick to the weave and the gas passes through well. The bag might have been included with a pair of sun glasses judging from the size. After venting for a while and capturing a bunch of snow I immediately shake and smack the bag on the floor to consolidate the snow, I then manually crush it wearing a leather welding glove to have a yield of about the size of an AA cell that is compact and durable. I think I could get 3 full shots from a bottle of gas that costs under EUR10 to refill these days. Since moving to Finland I have located a supplier of Dry-ice who charges EUR15 for a block the size of a traditional clay brick. They produce rice from a massive storage tank daily for dry-ice blasting customers and use a simple hydraulic press to prepare blocks on demand for customers. Years ago in South Africa there was an enterprising fellow who set up shop next to a Liquid Air plant and obviously got a good deal on their surplus CO2 piped across through the fence. He formed the snow into a chamber and them compressed the snow into a block with the one rig. The other rig had a continuous snow maker with a screw fed extruder that made 3mm noodles that broke apart into rice. One could go and collect what was needed in a expanded styrofoam box for relatively little if my memory serves me. I am hoping that there will be one positive outcome of the covid scandal and that is a surplus of low temperature freezers in a few years. There was a South African sold out to American investors who developed a handy dandy low temperature freezer. It was a very well insulated cabinet with a single small cryo-cooler at the TOP and a gravity fed thermo-syphon (poor man's heat pipe) that delivered a condensed liquid in a meandering path to the bottom of the freezer that gave opportunity for evaporation all along the way with the vapour returning to the cooler at the top. These freezers will be overpriced novelties but their value should drop a lot when people no longer have a need to chill toxic shots.

[@KallePihlajasaari]

I think this was the commercialised version of the sterling freezer. watch?v=HQ5d_KwGwfg

[@russellzauner]

Have you played with vortex tubes? They're pretty neat. They separate the hot and cold air molecules and at their respective exits can boil or freeze water by using only compressed air at common pressures (I ran them off the regular pneumatic/air taps at work).

[@willyouwright]

Cool, any videos of that?

[@kasuraga]

@@willyouwright actually yes! Linus Tech Tips has a video where they tried to cool a computer. The video title is "This is a CPU Cooler?"

[@ransombot]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/fp-bmXePaceppqs Here's one on machining one.

[@hkr321hkr]

I figured out how you figured this out .. the dog 🐕... The brains of the operation... Dude your amazing! Thanks for the video!

[@snapo1750]

You could have added a lot of salt to the ice bath to drop the temperature below 0 .... wonder how much that would help you keep the pressure more down...

[@Mix1mum]

After seeing you tap that fitting, LOL, you are my now my favorite builder on these tubes. You do the, what other people call "crazy", kind of shit that I do. I told my wife it's not crazy, it's just calculated risk and then try to show her the math and she just glazes over and puts more life insurance on me. Idk how throwing money away on ponzi schemes is supposed to make me more focused or w/e, but I carry on regardless. Your concern is appreciated, nonetheless.

[@EvocativeKitsune]

This is bonkers! Subscribed.

[@AB1Vampire]

Wow! The compressor collection beachball storage setup was simple genius.

[@ianbottom7396]

Domestic refrigeration compressor’s need off cycle pressure equalisation to start, they can’t start against differential pressure, simple refrigerant metering devices such as the capillary tube that they generally use do this provided there’s enough off time. Normally the Klixon provides some protection in the event of a short cycle restart

[@AndreaDingbatt]

Awesome Upload!! Thank you very Much!!

[@Nine_883]

Put salt in the ice bath. It will get colder and you can condense the gas at a lower temp and pressure. There are other things you could add also. In addition you might want to make sure you purge air from the hoses. Good luck.

[@JuulCPH]

Very nice. What types of fittings would be appropriate for those pressures if one was concerned about safety?

[@HyperspacePirate]

A proper adapter for the paintball tank fitting would be fine. I just jury-rigged mine by drilling/tapping

[@Z-Ack]

Hydraulic. Hvac refrigerant lines are usually rated at 10k or 8k psi but brass fittings “shouldnt” explode. But its not like those 10$ home depot fittings are stress tested to pressures that high when theyre sold as water fittings.. ive gotten brass fittings new out of box with hairline cracks and at those pressures a defect in the casting will blow apart a fitting with enough force to embed pieces in your meaty parts.. plus a hose burst or sudden purge of 1000 psi will also easily rupture an ear drum.. not from the pressure differential of the room but the sound that shit makes is crazy loud.. i had a 450psi pop off valve go on me once and had it on recording. What the camera picked up was just psssd. But what i heard was a bbrrrrrrr.. thought that was wild..

[@d3m0n54in7]

When considering which fittings to buy, you're quickly going to realize that the ones you NEED are pretty expensive. If you can cross reference them from Chart Industries to their supplier, you'll be fine. I maintained the equipment at an Industrial and medical gas distributor and there's so much that can kill you in a project like this that while fun and cool, it's like playing with dynamite. Safe until it's not.

[@rabitrees9709]

English brass/copper ,yorkshire fittings WITH OLIVE RINGS . YOU CAN G#ET FROM PLUMBERS MERCHANT S in U,k.

[@jeffreyyoung4104]

Hard learned lesson: In order not to burn out the pump, being able to release the pressure at the pump output will allow the motor to start. I used a one way valve at the pressure tank and a t fitting with a ball valve to vent the tube from the pump output to the one way valve, to relieve the pressure for the pump. If you wanted to automate the system, then an electric solenoid valve in place of the ball valve would work.

[@EdwardTriesToScience]

really interesting and ive been wanting to see someone do this method, also a little note: i suggest you get some borosilicate beakers, blowtorching that isopropyl in the glass had me a little bit scared as common soda lime glass tends to shatter on heating and ive done that far too many times

[@freehat2722]

This is how to make a KZbin video. In the 1st minute everything was explained. Then it was explained again in great detail but in an interesting and entertaining way.

[@w04h]

13:16 Making it the newest addition to my crusty sock collection 😂😂😂

[@canonicaltom]

Had to look that one up, definitely shouldn't have 🤦

[@Biokemist-o3k]

This is awesome!! I am a chemical engineer and I have made some really awesome fun things in my life. I try and. stay away from some of them now but I still love every bit of chemistry. I started a welding/fabrication/foundry/machine shop that specializes in pre WW2 race cars. I am starting my YT channel by building a1928 Morgan RIP MG Special. I bought a Nitrogen generator but one of the compressors blew up. I also have a helium cooler that can liquify the N2 with a pulse tube . Keep up the great work my friend. we should get together and go on vacation far away fro a couple weeks and build things....lol I am building an oxygen generator to supply my surface mix torches that I designed and built to do scientific glass blowing.

[@MrRolnicek]

Hmm ... at what pressure does your baking soda+acid reaction still produce CO2? It's not going to easily stop just because there's already a high pressure of CO2 around, right? Could you sidestep a big portion of this process by directly making the CO2 in a pressurized system? Instead of running the chemical reaction at 1 atmosphere and then pressurizing, just letting the reaction itself make your pressure. Maybe it's more hassle than worth but it would be cool.

[@notabagel]

you would find the equilibrium point of partial pressure for this reaction

[@ddegn]

I was not able to find how much pressure this reaction could produce but I think it's pretty high. I did find examples of using baking soda and acid to launch rockets made from 2L pop bottles. I think your idea is worth investigating (as long as I don't have to do the work).

[@MrRolnicek]

@@ddegn Chemical reactions like this (just by looking happening instantly) tend to be able to push a lot of pressure. Dangerously high ammount in fact which is why I would personally never "investigate" this idea as you say. But for those who know how to be safe about these things...

[@samdiveley8816]

Got yourself a sub sir. This clandestine garage chemistry is right up my alley.

[@TheCoryjones26]

They mask joke got me lol

[@spuds6423]

The problem is that people were rebreathing CO2 causing Hypoxemia and reducing overall O2 intake

[@ike5276]

God he’s so new, he’s covering stuff about refrigeration and cryo coolers I was trying to figure out a year and a half ago and couldn’t find anyone but now he’s here,I love this dude more than I love life itself

[@Impossible_Fishy]

This guys like I did a thing and Nile red at the same time

[@ZingaraJoe]

Lot of thought and work went into this. Very well done. Some of the comments are enlightening, some but not so many. The thought that with all this preparation you did, you never tumbled onto industrial suppliers is cringeworthy. Carry on, be safe, enjoy.

[@Top-Code]

Now this is, some cool shit

[@-eMpTy-]

Very cool video but for your pulse tube cryocooler I wonder if a simple cooling bath wouldn't be the simpler and more convenient solution. Most people know of ice + table salt, which yields a temperature somewhere between -5°C and -20°C but calcium chloride hexahydrate + ice can reach as low as -50°C - which is pretty impressive for a cooling bath that's essentially ready at all times.

[@robomaster1000]

Actually backed away from screen as gauge approached 800psi

[@Dis-Emboweled]

This video was literally the coolest thing I've seen this week

[@vaulmoremack3072]

lmao not the crusty sock collection

[@jeffreystroman2811]

You are my new hero, the start relay most likely needs to be oriented a certain way as the time constant is overcoming gravity and space it has to travel. By starting it under high pressure the current needed to activate said start relay wasn't achieved. These things are smoke operated doncha know, if we let the smoke out they don't work anymore

[@WhenDoesTheVideoActuallyStart]

You can easily convince me to wear a mask, but no shot that I'm carrying around a CO2 tank. Or a fucking beach ball.

[@kentneumann5209]

I used to work at Schwann's. They used to sell a home soda pop set up for making your own carbonated beverages at home. Buy the concentrated flavor in small syrup cartons. Add your own water. You could rent the mini co2 tanks that you used in the system. One of my jobs there was filling the empty returned tanks. There would always be a build up of dry ice around the connection between the filler valve and the tank I was filling, just from the escaping gas when I released the full tank. The CO2 was fed from a large tank sitting outside the building. Schwann's beverage plant. An interesting place to work, and a really terrific bunch of people to work with. People who chose to work there until retirement. One guy, a material handler, retired with over a million dollars from his retirement plan. But that was back when the founder of the company was still alive and in control of things. After he died, someone else took over leadership and cut employee benefits down to nearly nothing. Anyway, they sold their own juice mixes by the gallon. The juice was mixed in huge vats constantly stirring and mixing. I added 50 pound bags of dried citric acid to the mix. And scoops of powdered caffeine from a cardboard barrel. Orange juice came concentrated as a thick syrup in 50 gallon plastic barrels. A giant metal tube shaped like a needle tip was used to suck out the contents. They made their own chocolate and strawberry syrups. 50 pound bags of cocoa and bags of sugar. The place smelled delicious. Except for the blow mold room. Big bags of plastic pellets were dumped into a machine that heated the beads until they melted into a soft mass that was then blown into molds shaped like gallon jugs with handles. That place gave me a headache. All back in the late 80's. Seems like I lived several lifetimes in about 10 years. Time went slower, somehow, back then. I just realized I'm turning into Abe Simpson from "The Simpsons". "Hello? Will somebody let me in?There's wolves out here!"

[@charliepearce8767]

I worked in air-conditioning and refrigeration and enjoyed this video.

[@nathanfisher6925]

I got a 50 lb CO2 cylinder from a local welding supply co, with siphon tube. refilling that is fairly economical, I used it to fill my CO2 tanks. I did not require a compressor, I just prechilled my paintball cylinders in the freezer, then vented out any remaining CO2, before refilling. I usually have to vent out a little bit of it after I transfer, to keep the tank under capacity. (which is about 75% of the physical volume) - toss 20oz in the freezer (leave it there a few hrs) - hook up 20oz to 50lb tank via adapter with dump valve - open 20oz valve wide (pressurizes adapter) - open dump valve in adapter (empties and further chills 20oz) - close dump valve - open 50lb valve (liquid will transfer, wait for sound to stop) - close 50lb valve - close 20oz valve - open dump valve (to empty adapter) - remove 20oz - weigh 20oz tank and vent as necessary to get it to full weight if I was not able to prechill the 20oz, I wouldn't get a full tank usually, maybe 8-12 oz. in that case, reconnect the 20oz and repeat the process. the dumping of the partially filled tank will be enough to adequately prechill it to get a complete fill on your next try. probably will have to vent a little to get it down from overfull. but of course this wastes a little of your CO2 to use it for chilling. my local welding supply either rents tanks or you an buy them outright which is cheaper in the long run if you're using small quantities. also they have 20 pound tanks available as well. I started with a 50 and ended up changing to a 20 to make swaps for refilling easier, as it's very awkward handling a full 50lb tank. (which is around 100 lbs empty) They may not have a siphon-tube equipped 20lb tank for rent/purchase on-hand so call ahead in case they have to prep one for you.

[@benjaminriedmuller8085]

Brilliant video. I love how you implement the science with minimal equipment and look for creative rather then expensive solutions :D

[@kylejohn486]

Dry ice is so much fun. We used to buy it and get lots of used water bottles and leave a tiny bit of water in the bottom and put a small piece of dry ice in the bottle and put the lid on then throw it because it pops with a bang .loud fun gas expansion

[@crackrazor187]

I regain my faith in humanity by knowing there's still people this intelligent out there.

[@SuperWhizy]

Unorthodox. Cavalier. But literally cool and awesome! Thanks for sharing.

[@jamesyoung7560]

I don't know if this will be of value but many (35 or so) years ago I had the occasional task of putting 6"x4" round steel bushings into interference fit holes and to make it work I would use a big propane torch to heat the housing with the hole and I would freeze the bushings in dry ice. To do the dry ice we had a bottom feed CO2 tank with a hose that went to a valve which was in the end of a 3"x28" (aprox) stainless tube, the setup was almost like a CO2 fire extinguisher. The liquid CO2 would evaporate at the top of the tube and dry ice would fall out the bottom; I think it was pretty efficient, possibly because the evaporation happened at the end of a closed tube and limited exposure to ambient air temps. So you might try the final evaporation in a tube that is closed on one end and introduce the liquid CO2 at that closed end. Also, since your pulse tube cryocooler can drop ~100C does it have enough BTUs to use it to make the liquid CO2? Or am I simplifying into a chicken and egg situation? I am totally unfamiliar with this tech.

[@jamesyoung7560]

BTW, if you try the tube expansion method, use a grounding wire on the tube, the apparent friction (myguess) from the solidified CO2 sliding down the tube generates a lot of static and I had a painful shock the first time I found that out :)

[@evilgenius3646]

I used to deliver liquid co2 for beverage systems. If you barely crack open the valve, it creates co2 "snow" which I would catch in my gloves and pack into a dry ice snowball.

[@davidlanham99]

Thank you! My family and I perform Phantom of the Opera at our house on Friday nights and I am tired of that store bought dry ice.

[@williamrosenow6176]

I can't believe you are alive. Air hose and brass fittings are usually rated for 250psi as are air tanks and those blow thru walls when they go boom. I don't know about paintball tanks but they are aluminum so they should be a little stronger.I have no need to do this but I would use hydraulic fittings and lines rated for the highest pressure you expect to happen. I worked in a factory yrs ago with pressure vessels,the potential energy is unreal until one blows and that was just the saftey device venting so no one got splattered on the wall. The volume you put in that tiny bottle wants to get out really bad. Just physics.

[@numberoneappgames]

I loved that the step-by-step process was easy to follow. I think a couple more iterations and you'd make as much as you want.

[@GoingtoHecq]

Dry ice socks are one of nature's greatest innuendos. The CO2 into water sounded like it would work well for sound effects.

[@SerbanCMusca-ut8ny]

You had me at the "convince somebody to wear a mask for a whole day". Brilliantly funny.

[@beesod6412]

Eat your heart out Mr. Wizard! This is great! well done HP!

[@jaaps772]

A very exciting and comprehensive example.

[@trevorvanbremen4718]

Just wanted to pop in here to say that I APPROVE of the 'dry humour' in this video...

[@michaelbetsch9700]

This is how a lot of my experiments go ! At first everything just fine going good and then all of a sudden my hi quality equipment pops and starts to smoke ; i can dig it

[@perpetualjon]

Utterliy fascinating project! Thank you for going through all that and sharing this with the world!

[@GogiRegion]

I bet someone doing home-brewing could run the CO2 output into a tank to do something like this. Especially if the dehydration agent could somehow also absorb the H2S that comes out.

[@antoniopeterson3277]

This was fun. I was not expecting to stay for the whole video. Good video

[@zahariburgess3660]

I love the homebrew chemistry/engineering astetic

[@eve_ai_jiang6979]

"making it the newest addition to my crusty sock collection" haaaaa! You're narration is great.

[@NicleT]

What a great project. We used to work with dry ice in theater, but now they're all like big vape. The fog of dry ice is so much dense and delicate though.

[@electroshop9700]

I appreciate your work. in the last stage of manufacturing dry ice, I see that the production of dry ice wastes a lot of co2 (gas state) I think that we can take advantage of the wasted co2 and recycle it to reproduce dry ice for example (make a circuit waste gas towards the big bottle)

[@moodberry]

Cool! Mr. Wizard the second I would say! :) One tip. If you add salt to your ice bath, you could bring the temperature down even more and wouldn't require as strong of a compressor.

[@jerrydaugherty4657]

Very cool! Great job and fantastic narrative!! (Latest addition to my crusty sock collection!🤣)

[@gRuHa89]

WOW! This is how chemistry/physics lessons should look like at school!

[@danielduarte6149]

Now this is a truely scientific spirited video, congratulations friend!

[@jonphebus6720]

Great channel! I am your newest subscriber. Great presentation! Awesome demonstration, excellent pacing, digestible graphics...and O THANK YOU for using your human voice!! On THAT note, consummate job with the audio! Your voice over is so easy to listen to and the music is perfect choice and so expertly tempered against the V.O. throughout!

[@jaredlallatin5140]

I just now subscribed. Your channel is gold!!

[@tdtrecordsmusic]

Have you ever spent time in the mountains ? There is an interesting phenomena when dusk hits... The shape of the mountains + valleys creates a cooling effect. As the wind over head goes over the mountains+valleys there are compression pockets at the bottom of the valleys. You could use this shape in your cooling tube to aid the capture. That 3d printed thing you made >> imagine it with a bunch of deep ribs inside. I am sooooo curious how different this will perform compared to the first one. remember how a silencer is constructed. I recall a YT vid where this dude made custom silencers. This is similar to what your trying to do >> trying to capture the pressure & slowly release. cool vid, thanks for sharing

[@nicoleibundgut534]

I can see some usecases of sprayable dryice. very nice.