Hypothesis testing: step-by-step, p-value, t-test for difference of two means - Statistics Help

This entertaining video works step-by-step through a hypothesis test, using the difference of two means as an example. Helen wishes to know whether giving away free stickers will increase her chocolate sales.
There are five steps:
0:25 Hypotheses
1:27 Significance Level
1:47 Sample
1:54 p-value
2:00 Decide
This is a companion video for "Understanding the p-value". • P-value in statistics:...
The same data is analysed in "Two means t-test in Excel" • Two means t-test in Ex...
To find out what it means for a result to be statistically significant see Understanding Statistical Significance: • Understanding Statisti...
For explanation about paired data see: • Paired samples and ind...
And for analysis of paired data see: • Two means t-test in Ex...
See creativemaths.net/videos/ for all of Dr Nic's videos organised by topic.
#DrNicStats #Statistics

[@DrNic]

You can thank my son for the subversive elements and anime influence. We think viewing the videos several times helps with the learning, and making it entertaining helps.

[@smeekshakoundal734]

you are amazing . thanks

[@axcel2727]

lol used hypothesis testing for his video to teach hypothesis testing BRILLIANT

[@mareenabowman7495]

He did a great job!

[@DrNic]

@@mareenabowman7495 Indeed he did. Here is a link to his Patreon if you are interested in seeing more of his work. www.patreon.com/Suede

[@cookiduhh8601]

this is so funny for me, i love it! and great informative video thank you :D

[@kingsleyseow4715]

I'm crying. I thought I could've never understood this until I came across this video. Thank you Dr. Nic!

[@DrNic]

I am so glad I could help. I hope my other videos also help you out.

[@shohelnetworld811]

Asslamualaikum.Good morning/afternoon/evening.. chat.whatsapp.com/KZhh35wHlNJIt4INfdPkau In this group I will share all kinds of research Materials without any cost.If you think It's need for you.You can join this group.you can share your materials for helping others.helping others its the main purpose of the study.spread your knowledge in the whole world. I believe God is one Allah. Allah likes to help others. we have some experts who know better analyse.If need we will provide contact number. You share this link difference groups and also in Social media. You can send me ur email to get research slides..only slides.. We provide free... Part 2.... 🌴🌴🌴 God is one.. Allah.we must obey one God.. Allah is Almighty.. We will die one day..the world will be finished one..but akhirat means die after day not will be finished. We should follow the quran.. The Quran is the best Book in the world. Dont ignore its..

[@Ynn0025]

You are an angel! I almost die understanding this subject but then you came! Thank you soooooooooooooooooooo muchhhhhh, God bless :))))

[@lad812]

I love your videos and I understand how much effort it takes to create them. Thanks for sharing publicly!

[@hermanfs164]

This is the best explanation I ever seen understanding this topic. Many thanks!

[@DrNic]

The full version is little more than the cost of a cup of coffee! We are trying to make a living doing this. Go on - help us keep providing great materials by buying us a cup of coffee and a cupcake (that is buy the full version!)

[@jacquelineo3748]

OMG I've been working on this for TWO DAYS! This video explained what I needed to know perfectly! Wow, I'm so thankful for this.

[@DrNic]

That is great to hear.

[@haylie7931]

Bless you and your family, still helping after a decade! Loved the mew too

[@DrNic]

Thanks. We enjoy helping

[@Chadillac12]

These are extremely helpful. I'm taking a graduate level statistics course online and refer to these to explain difficult concepts. I also love the fact that you referenced Pokemon in the video. :)

[@peace5003]

Even great lecturerers fail to explain hypothesis..thanks for making it crystal clear..

[@sulisueeeeee0553]

8 years old but this video is still amazing

[@DrNic]

I'm happy to hear that. One day I will update them, but for now they are still serving a useful purpose.

[@sigmabishop5212]

3:53. She actually showed a pic of Pokemon mew. Done for the day.

[@louisakouzapas5094]

Thank you for making this very helpful video series with examples!

[@DrNic]

You're very welcome!

[@sriracha2009]

I love how you used Mew. Great sense of humour and educational video! thanks!

[@Soundforsoul88]

Knowledge and humor combined, what could be better than this? :))))

[@dumbfoxmedia]

That Death Note reference tho... 10 outta 10.

[@wenyichu3486]

Thank you so much for sharing this- I am a total new beginner in this!

[@taisaichan9568]

This video really helped understand the subject. Thank you so much Dr Nic!

[@DrNic]

Happy to hear it

[@xFersureMatt]

HAHAH was I the only one to the see "mew" pokemon?! that's how I'd love to be taught.. is in correlation to pokemon (:

[@turbotek6242]

mew 2!

[@shohelnetworld811]

Asslamualaikum.Good morning/afternoon/evening.. chat.whatsapp.com/KZhh35wHlNJIt4INfdPkau In this group I will share all kinds of research Materials without any cost.If you think It's need for you.You can join this group.you can share your materials for helping others.helping others its the main purpose of the study.spread your knowledge in the whole world. I believe God is one Allah. Allah likes to help others. we have some experts who know better analyse.If need we will provide contact number. You share this link difference groups and also in Social media. You can send me ur email to get research slides..only slides.. We provide free... Part 2.... 🌴🌴🌴 God is one.. Allah.we must obey one God.. Allah is Almighty.. We will die one day..the world will be finished one..but akhirat means die after day not will be finished. We should follow the quran.. The Quran is the best Book in the world. Dont ignore its..

[@DrNic]

Thanks Sarah D. I'm happy you like it. We would love it if you would use the "Rate my app" on the app as we are seriously short of reviews.

[@mgh_munich8305]

I love the cartoons and the humour that comes with it! :D Great video!

[@vaishalivignesh3963]

Thank you for this Dr. Nic! It was extremely articulate and clear. It was really helpful as well :)))

[@DrNic]

Glad it was helpful! I found it helped my students to have a clear structure.

[@dh92dh]

Thank you soooo much for this. Really helpfull. This is the way to teach.

[@statzsinger]

I have been sharing the link with my research methods students since finding this video. It is fun and helpful. Thank you!

[@momomoro1989]

Thanks a bunch!! The explanation is top notch! :)))

[@azar8538]

Thank you very much. Your work is much appreciated.

[@DrNic]

@MrBattyyy Thanks - we do our best. Tell your friends!

[@allisonfernandez7941]

Great explanation- thanks!!

[@charlottebrown6815]

A life saver for my assignment, thank you

[@DrNic]

Pleased to hear it

[@hihi135100]

Amazing videos, thanks for all the help :)

[@26MbtD]

it's amazing to see how smart humans can be. amazing explanation doctor Nic. thoroughly enjoyed your teaching.

[@DrNic]

Thank you kindly!

[@anniechen6593]

Thank you for the video!!!so easy to comprehend!!!!

[@DrNic]

Glad to hear it. We have an iPhone app, AtMyPace:Statistics. And an on-line course for Year 13 NZ Statistics students at the statistics learning centre.

[@umaralhajiabubakar4869]

Nice, the steps were made easier. Thanks

[@nurulainsufinabintimohamad1702]

Thank you very much! Online lectures nowdays were tough , glad I found your video

[@DrNic]

Glad it helped!

[@matthewdavies408]

I don't normally comment on videos but this really helped thank you!

[@GiveIt2AY13]

i think im falling in love with those who made this great video

[@chonniw6971]

Aww Mew just makes the whole idea of statistics better ahahaha

[@kanchithakkar8471]

Thanks a lot. Extremely helpful

[@DrNic]

Glad it helped!

[@madscimag]

This was amazing! Thank you!

[@GingerSpider01]

Great video and explanation! but... I sear to god you drew Mello from the show Death note, and the fact you used chocolate for the character is even better! XD

[@DrNic]

I can neither confirm nor deny the borrowing of Mello. ;)

[@CheyenneNL]

Thank you very much for this video. It helped a lot.

[@DrNic]

Hi Faiz This is meant to support people in statistics courses who might be having difficulty. If you are interested in learning statistics from the start, maybe you could buy our app and work through the concepts from the beginning. Or watch the playlist in order? This is not the first in the series.

[@ucheezeneche731]

EXCELLENT. Thank you so much

[@H2Kzer0]

Subliminal Pokemon was a good touch. Lol!

[@williammorris1]

Thank you! This has helped a lot!

[@tamarelouw]

Really enjoyed this, it gave me the insight into two tailed tests and why it was important. A Wits student studying second year Economics

[@DrNic]

Glad it was helpful!

[@maielwakil5997]

Thanks! Very clearly

[@nooretauheed8665]

6:47 P is low, Null must go.. 😂 😂 😂

[@DrNic]

I didn't think of it, but it is such a useful little rhyme.

[@katiethepossum6788]

Thank you so much I am a first year in Psychology and the humour really helped me understand this better

[@DrNic]

I'm so glad! Some people think the humour is distracting, so it's good to hear it helped. My son did the editing of this one and he has a great sense of humour.

[@otiebrown9999]

Excellent: Null & and alternative.

[@DrNic]

Alex Delarge Because your comment is "linked" I cannot reply to it specifically, so here is your reply in the general stream. You are correct - this video is designed to be part of a statistics course, along with teacher input. X-bar is the sample mean. Statistical significance means that we have evidence that the effect we see in the sample is also in the population. Alpha is the level of significance - the proportion of time we are okwith being wrong if we reject the null hypothesis. Myu is the population mean and x-bar is the sample mean. The p-value is the probability of getting a result as extreme as this if the null hypothesis is true. You could watch our video, understanding the p-value, to get a better idea of what a p-value is. And Understanding Confidence intervals gives an idea of what sampling is all about. Maybe even buy our app - AtMyPace statistics.

[@hnofclbrips]

Thats actually Mello from DeathNote with the chocolate, nice reference :D

[@DrNic]

Maybe...

[@DrNic]

At present there are just the twelve videos. The one about choosing which test to use covers regression and chi-sq to a certain degree. We've done regression in two videos. We also have an online course which has little quizzes to go with each of the videos. You can find it at our site.

[@Crowmeo]

I have got to try some Choconutties.

[@Apratim98]

😂😂😂

[@ausernamewasrequired]

excellent video, very helpful!

[@morticianspuppet]

NO WAY! HAHA I ADORE THE REFERENCE!

[@vishnu8899]

Wow this is so awesome and holistic! Thank you Dr.Nic....Will def recommend the channel to others

[@DrNic]

Glad to hear it. Thanks

[@ishiitapal]

thankyou for the explaination

[@DrNic]

You are welcome

[@JamesSCavenaugh]

Fisher's significance testing and Neyman-Pearson hypothesis testing have been combined into a bastardized hybrid which is pervasive in science. This video is a good explanation of the bastardized testing of which neither Fisher nor Neyman nor Pearson would have approved. Space is too short to point out the flaws in this video, so I suggest that you do a search on "Fisher's significance test vs. Neyman-Pearson hypothesis test" and follow the links.

[@thechristianhuey]

Well done. I'm a graduate student about to take my exit exam in research methods. I wish I had seen this a year ago.

[@Vikermajit]

Brilliant video presentation on a complex and important topic. Thanks a lot and god bless.

[@dangerlurk]

I am unable to purchase the app from Qatar. :( Any other solution?

[@tiffanie401]

Well put together video. I'm looking to begin making such videos for my students and this was very inspiring. Thank you.

[@noordeeb333]

Thank you Dr. Nic!

[@TheNegk]

Thank you so much. This video was so awsome. Could you just explain the reason for a positive sale in 6':51"? is it 'positive" because of one tailed test?

[@DrNic]

Negar Mehr Yes, if it were two-tailed, we would just be saying that there is a difference.

[@0174d3]

Yeh I agree the pictures are very clever and hilarious, great job :)

[@ragadomary]

thaanks

[@alinaqvi1864]

Excellent and brilliant videos. Still hate the statistics but these video are helping me survive. How n where to get the full version.

[@JoyJoy-jv7ss]

Great explanation:)

[@bonitachica786]

Fantastic videos!!! And app!!

[@DrJack55]

This video is excellent. I'm in a introductory statistics class and the book used by the instructor is useless and confusing. Thanks for the help!

[@shamshers5008]

Great as video. I am happy now i know this finally. 👍👍👍👍 Thank you.

[@DrNic]

Glad it was helpful!

[@KarlaKiper]

Thanks for sharing!

[@Ian-ei3jy]

Great Mew referance

[@lindseyyan8671]

Thank you so much for providing this videos!! Love them!! I got questions on 1 tail vs 2 tail test. 1) how to determine if 1 tail or 2 tail test should be used? 2) when doing 1 tail test, should significant level be changed? (from 0.05 to 0.025?) 3) Is it possible that p(1 tail) < 0.05 or 0.025 but p(2 tail) > 0.05? If so, what decision should be made? Many thanks!!

[@DrNic]

You are welcome. When you have an idea of which way the result occurs, you use one-way. In the video, understanding the p-value, Helen is only concerned if the choconutties have too few nuts. This is a one-way test. The p-value for a 2-tail test is exactly twice that for the 1-tail test so you do not change the significance level. 3. Yes that is entirely possible and you will need to think about the context when drawing any conclusions.

[@fernandol3421]

Charming and helpful video Excited to see Mew, yes I noticed.

[@brnjnsvld]

I'm doing a 2 independent sample T-Test: DF=8, T-Stat=2.30316, alpha=.05 Using TDIST in Excel I got P-values of .05022 for a 2 tailed test and .02511 for a one tailed test. Because .02511

[@dr.gv.alvinpremsonpremson8621]

Dr.G.VENKATASALAM Roll No: 32 Very useful session. It shows that how to teach in effective manner. Thank you.

[@DrNic]

Thanks and welcome

[@LeKhang98]

Haha your son's comic style is funny I love it. And thank you for your video. Very informative and easy to understand to newbies like me.

[@DrNic]

Glad you enjoyed it! He IS funny.

[@cbmiller1774]

Very helpful with my statistics class and these concepts. Please talk a little slower though, for those of us taking notes. Thank you so much!

[@loraimamartino1813]

You are amazing.

[@DrNic]

Aww. That is so sweet. I’m really happy I could help.

[@inv8890]

I saw what happened at 3:51. hahahahahahahahahaha you are so cute and nice. Lots of love for explaining the concept so clearly, and in such a soothing voice with a clear English accent. Relief...

[@DrNic]

Thanks. It is a team effort, with my son providing some of the laughs. NZ accent.

[@MrBattyyy]

Nice Presentation ...Well Explained

[@lauracarrillo884]

OMG I can´t believe I finally got this , thank you so much!!!

[@tchandjiwilliam6285]

y can i watch it

[@yambemtenjings3538]

simple and excellent and useful ...love from Manipur

[@DrNic]

Thank you for your kind words. I think some stats teachers make things more complicated than they need to be.

[@yanpinghuang8154]

thanks.

[@ehababdulburalfakhory801]

thank you very much for your explain

[@DrNic]

Most other stats vids are North American males, so I like to be different. Not much choice really - I've talked like this all my life. Yes New Zealand, though I do add a little more R at times.

[@boxiangwang]

It is really good. I appreciate your sharing.

[@DrNic]

I'm glad you like it. I like that it is helping people.

[@in2itiv2]

Thanks! Very clearly ...and interestingly stated!

[@raghadalhajaji1764]

I want this is presentation plzzzzz can you help me

[@raeanndumas1321]

3:51

[@hassanbadawy481]

AWESOME !!!

[@DrNic]

There are plenty more like this - and better. Good luck in your studies. (or teaching) (or research)

[@subhadipghosh7]

Very nice video, liked it. Showed in in my business statistics class, and the students liked it as well. Many thanks Feedback: 1. Would it be possible to have a video on this topic for a one sample test? We don't even cover this test in the business statistics 1 course in my university. Testing for difference between means is left for business statistics II. Hence some students got a bit confused. 2. Would it be possible to create a video showing how to do hypothesis testing using critical values (rather than, or along with) p-values? For solving t-tests and chi-square tests in exams or class (when students don't have access to a statistical software), it is often easier

[@DrNic]

Hi. I'm glad you like it. It was made for a course which used Excel, which doesn't do a test for a mean. Tests for means are pretty pointless in the main, which is why we taught difference of two means to start with. Right now we have other projects on the go, but may come back to this later. We plan to do chi-sq one day. Thanks for asking.

[@mysisterskeeper9593]

Very helpful! Great

[@DrNic]

Glad it was helpful!

[@swagbiker322]

Thank you so much

[@DrNic]

No problem

[@tg-us3hw]

imagine paying £30k for degree just to end up learning this from a 7 min video from 2011

[@DrNic]

That's funny

[@Campbell.Garry1]

2:27

[@porl3004]

Thank you 🙏🏻

[@DrNic]

You’re welcome 😊