XPath Operators & XPath Functions - and, or, text, contains, starts-with, normalize-space

In this video, I have explained XPath operators and XPath functions - and, or, text, contains, starts-with, normalize-space.
XPath (XML Path Language) is a query language for selecting nodes from an XML document.
Or in other words, XPath is a query language for finding elements in an HTML web page.
------ XPath Operators ------
= Tests whether two expressions are equal.
＜ Tests whether the first expression is less than the second.
＜= Tests whether the first expression is less than or equal to the second.
＞ Tests whether the first expression is greater than the second.
＞= Tests whether the first expression is greater than or equal to the second.
!= Tests whether the two expressions are not equal.
and - Tests whether both the first and second expressions are true. If the first expression is false, the second is not evaluated.
or - Tests whether either the first or second expressions are true. If the first expression is true, the second is not evaluated
------ XPath Functions ------
text() - Selects the text nodes of the current context node.
Contains() - Contains method is used when we know about the partial attribute value or partial text associated with the web element.
Starts-with() - starts-with method is used when we know about the initial partial attribute value or initial partial text associated with the web element.
normalize-space() - The normalize-space function ignores the leading, trailing, and repeating white spaces, that means after applying the normalize-space the text become normalized with no line breaks, and give a proper sentence.
------ Examples ------
//td[text()=5000]
//button[@id='refreshBtn' and @value='Refresh']
//button[@id='refreshBtn' or @value='Refresh']
//a[text()='Sign in']
//a[contains(text(),'Sign')]
//button[contains(@class,'sign')]
//div[starts-with(@class,'container')]
//label[normalize-space(text())='First Name']
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[@HYRTutorials]

↔️ XPath (XML Path Language) Playlist Link: bit.ly/2RlLdkw ✴ Checkout my other playlists: bit.ly/3gLIAVL ☕ Buy me a coffee: bit.ly/33ljBWc

[@muhammadzia9421]

great work. both of ur tutorials css selector and this one on xpath are simply the best for the one understanding the basics. keep up the good work. appreciable.

[@HYRTutorials]

Thankyou 😊

[@mohdshahrukh5164]

One of the best video on YT regarding XPath,Thnk u sir for making such a amazing vdios

[@HYRTutorials]

Thanks buddy 😊

[@VaraLakshmiVempatapu]

Your tutorials are very helpful in getting the XPath concepts. Thank you

[@HYRTutorials]

Thankyou 😊

[@minalwalke6128]

Thank you so much sir for explaining imp things related to xpath in such simple manner. 🙏

[@HYRTutorials]

Thanks and welcome

[@vengalaraovucha2299]

nice

[@vivekvineet3516]

This is the one I was looking for the best explanations.... Thank you very much

[@HYRTutorials]

Thanks buddy 😊

[@Solution4uTx]

I am a beginner and your explanation made it so easy for me.

[@HYRTutorials]

Great to hear!

[@9966056933]

Your explanation is a way better than any others. Thanks and keep making such a good videos.

[@HYRTutorials]

So nice of you

[@SingaporeChinnodu]

clear and precise. This is what everyone wants.

[@HYRTutorials]

Thankyou

[@yuvamani3041]

hereafter, i can't able to forget this concept ... Thanks:)

[@HYRTutorials]

Cool. Keep rocking buddy

[@nareshgajula]

Very good explanation. Easy to understand. Thank you

[@HYRTutorials]

Thanks buddy 😊

[@alabioluwasegun3250]

Awesome. Best XPath video ever..

[@HYRTutorials]

Thanks buddy 😊

[@kamaleshpramanik7645]

Thank you very much for clearing many doubts.

[@HYRTutorials]

Happy to help

[@jamadagnithandrangi6715]

Good Explanation Brother .It's Easy to understand the concepts.

[@HYRTutorials]

Thanks buddy 😊

[@pratapadhikari7700]

Thanks for the awesome tutorial video.

[@HYRTutorials]

Thankyou, keep watching 😊

[@angaraki]

Great coaching!!Thanks,

[@HYRTutorials]

Glad you liked it!

[@FahimRahman1]

Nice explanation. Thanks.

[@HYRTutorials]

Thankyou 😊

[@mohanramakrishnakonijety9405]

Thank you

[@tgrakesh8gmail]

Good and clear explanation👌...it will be good if u make videos on CSS selectors also..thanks.👍

[@HYRTutorials]

Yeah sure

[@HYRTutorials]

CSS Selectors videos playlist:👇 🔗 bit.ly/2Rn0IbD

[@slakshmiics]

Thank you so much for sharing this

[@HYRTutorials]

Welcome buddy 😊

[@thetruth5672]

Thanks sir

[@nandinirayavarapu1917]

Sir is it correct that while using only contains method we need not to give text()? But for starts-with(), normalize-space() methods we must use text()?

[@HYRTutorials]

Text function can be used with all those functions

[@nandinirayavarapu1917]

Ok tq sir my doubt was cleared

[@gbmohankumar9584]

How to handle customized drop down ? Can you upload one video on that please

[@HYRTutorials]

Watch this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/oHO5pZ99ibSKq5I

[@swapnabhaskaruni]

when we use a attribute with normalize-space( ) do we still use @ like //tag[ normalize-space(@attribute)='value')

[@HYRTutorials]

Not required for text but for any other attribute it is required

[@joshibhushan1]

One query here is, when you have used //td[text()=5000] , you have not applied any ' or ' ' or " " for the text and still getting the correct value , how is this happening ? I tried to do it this on the Amazon site for highlighting the products which have price more than 30000 but this is not working(of course xpath pattern was different) but if you can shed some light on that then it would be helpful

[@HYRTutorials]

Yeah sure, send me the details and screenshots on [e-mail]

[@floraartworks]

Sir , how to use sum operator in xpath to sum two consecutive td of a tr? Please give syntax

[@HYRTutorials]

I dont think we can do that using xpath

[@floraartworks]

@@HYRTutorials sir in this case how to do that? Actually I am scraping website data into Excel using selenium, but don't want to use the Excel's ability to do the sum. Is there any way to sum two td of a tr during webscraping using selenium?

[@HYRTutorials]

Never tried that buddy

[@testtesting1137]

Thank you sir very helpful. Sir, today i got to know about a smart editor SelectorsHub for xpath, you might like to try that sir. I found that very helpful in learning and time saving with error message feature and attribute suggestion.

[@HYRTutorials]

That's good. But without having proper knowledge on xpath, one should not start using any add-on. Add-on saves your time but there are lot many cases in which you can't use the add-on. So it is always advisable to learn about xpath first, then for reducing the time in writing xpath you can use the add-on.

[@testtesting1137]

@@HYRTutorials Agreed without having proper knowledge we should not use any tool not just xpath tool but i always found people say this blindly just for xpath tool. While on the other hand we are always using an xpath tool that is devtools

[@HYRTutorials]

Yes, we are already using the dev tools. Dev tools can be used in two ways 1. Write your own xpath and check whether it is working or not 2. Copy the auto generated xpath provided by dev tools. I encourage using option 1. Option 2 is again like a add-on kind of tool only.

[@testtesting1137]

@@HYRTutorials i started using this tool SelectorsHub as Naveenautomationlabs recommends that. For option1 which you said, devtools doesn't tell whats wrong in my xpath, devtools doesn't support shadow dom, have to copy attribute values and have to inspect element again and again. Devtools also match as string because of which it gives wrong results. These all things has been taken care in this tool. I would recommend everyone for this tool. We should not alwys follow old things blindly when there is something innovative. I believe initially people would have not accepted selenium also but now everyone is using it.

[@HYRTutorials]

It looks like a promotion of some particular tool. If you read my comment clearly, you will get the point what I'm trying to convey. I'm not against or favourable to any tool. I'm just saying we should always learn about xpath, then only we should move on to using these add-ons or tools.

[@vidyatilak]

hi could you plz post , how to write xpath ,if text is not included in any tag. "Service type"

[@HYRTutorials]

Try any of the following XPath: //div/following-sibling::text() //div/following-sibling::text()[. = "Service type"] //div[@class='mat-list']/following-sibling::text() //div[@class='mat-list']/following-sibling::text()[. = "Service type"]

[@judseenaannie5670]

Sir I want all the front page titles as one x path

[@HYRTutorials]

I guess that is not possible. If you want to get the title then u need to lang in that page then only you can get the title. So if we want all the titles then we need to navigate to each and evey page then get the title.

[@poojasardaana1570]

How can I use Suffix with Text()?

[@HYRTutorials]

U mean starting text or partial text?

[@sykesybwoy]

Hey, nice vid... Is it possible to find a variable child element of an element found with a relative xpath? i.e. th[text()='xxxx'] give the the text of it's td?

[@HYRTutorials]

The question is bit confusing, can you ask it clearly?

[@sykesybwoy]

@@HYRTutorials I thought the question was pretty clear, it’s fine I’ve found the answer now. //th[text()=‘xxxx’]/following::td[1]

[@HYRTutorials]

@@sykesybwoy ohh cool

[@RamaKrishna-or2cj]

Can you explain xpath using last() sir??

[@HYRTutorials]

You can watch this video buddy kzbin.info/www/bejne/n523d6qDi5iffs0

[@RamaKrishna-or2cj]

Tqu👍

[@dinokundukulam5689]

I am not able to access the official page H Y R tutorials ???

[@HYRTutorials]

I just checked and it's working.

[@dinokundukulam5689]

@@HYRTutorials yeah now it's working . Actually I have an interview of amazon for automation analyst and they require xpath so this is enough to crack the interview or still there are other topics on xpath , I am a beginner , plz help me

[@HYRTutorials]

@@dinokundukulam5689 did u checkout my xpath playlist? If so these are enough.

[@dinokundukulam5689]

@@HYRTutorials Yes I have watched the 4 videos in the playlist

[@HYRTutorials]

@@dinokundukulam5689 Then it's enough.

[@satyanarayanas6769]

slow voice when listening

[@HYRTutorials]

Slow or low?