Ice and Rain Protection (Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook Airframe Ch.15)

Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook Airframe Ch.15 Ice and Rain Protection
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Chapter 15 Ice and Rain Protection Ice Control Systems Rain, snow, and ice are transportation’s longtime enemies.
Flying has added a new dimension, particularly with respect to ice.
Under certain atmospheric conditions, ice can build rapidly on airfoils and air inlets.
On days when there is visible moisture in the air, ice can form on aircraft leading- edge surfaces at altitudes where freezing temperatures start.
Water droplets in the air can be supercooled to below freezing without actually turning into ice unless they are disturbed in some manner.
This unusual occurrence is partly due to the surface tension of the water droplet not allowing the droplet to expand and freeze.
However, when aircraft surfaces disturb these droplets, they immediately turn to ice on the aircraft surfaces.