If the Asteroid Hit 10 Minutes Later...

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If the 10 kilometer wide asteroid that hit the Earth 66 million years ago hit just a few minutes later, would the outcome of the living creatures here have been different?
Hosted by: Stefan Chin (he/him)
Correction:
1:15 It wouldn't have made a difference for this guy! Stegosaurus had been extinct for millions of years when the asteroid hit. SciShow regrets this error.
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Sources:
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onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...
www.nature.com/articles/natur...
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www.bbc.com/future/article/20...
theconversation.com/revealed-...
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Image Sources:
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[@SciShow]

Head to linode.com/scishow to get a $100 60-day credit on a new Linode account. Linode offers simple, affordable, and accessible Linux cloud solutions and services.

[@edwardfletcher7790]

This guy is EXHASTING to listen to. He talks so fast and never varies his cadence. Not at all relaxing or enjoyable to watch...😩

[@GenedralTonyStalk-Exotic-Gamer]

I swear i hear the linode sponsorship stuff hank says at 3:00 AM

[@anarchyantz1564]

At 1:17 you have a slide of Stegosaurus next to a Triceratops. As you should know, these two did not co exist at the same time. The Stegosaurus lived in the late Jurassic period approximately 155 to 150 million years ago, while Triceratops lived at the very end of the Cretaceous period around 68 to 66 million years ago. Given PBS Eons is only down the corridor from you, you should get them to spot check it or ask Hank Green

[@bocarr1042]

@@GenedralTonyStalk-Exotic-Gamer😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😢😊🎉

[@ADDeeJay]

I was wondering if you guys could answer what happens to our modern grid/technology/financial systems/nuclear plants/etc if a storm like the Carrington Event were to reoccur. Does everyone's cellphone explode?

[@pablolongobardi7240]

So, not only it was a massive hit, it was also a crit

[@1mariomaniac]

Equivalent of the paladin rolling high on damage roll, getting a crit, casting smite, and rolling high on that as well lmao.

[@oswaldoacuna8052]

Me: ooh is that a reference? Tryhards: Crits are fair and balanced

[@nelzelpher7158]

@@1mariomaniac In RuneScape a huge smite crit will make you lose your most valuable protected item, lose your life and lose your bank.

[@CrazyDoug17]

It wasn't just a crit, someone got 30 kills and this is asternuked everyone! GG

[@dougadams9419]

@@nelzelpher7158 your, not you're, that is you are.

[@harleyavidson]

It always blows my mind that a million years have passed since the nineties

[@aguywithastethoscope]

What! When?

[@greencreeper9144]

@@aguywithastethoscope since a million years ago

[@TheRavingLobster]

I have no idea what the context of this comment is because I just got here and it was right at the top, but it hit my funny bone in all the right ways and I approve greatly. :'D

[@JustinMoralesTheComposer]

Wrong, the 90’s started 15 years ago.

[@greencreeper9144]

@@JustinMoralesTheComposer wait does that mean we've always been within the 90's decade all along? damn, what a twist

[@johnbelli9390]

In a parallel universe, Stefan has scales and feathers and is reporting what the scientists are speculating about what a world dominated by mammals or insects would look like had the asteroid impacted 10 minutes earlier and at a different angle....

[@SayAhh]

"Monkeys went bald?"

[@Oxygenationatom]

@@SayAhh "They could had Fur Pets?"

[@Secretgeek2012]

In an infinite universe, that is definitely happening, infinitely many times, right now.

[@Fungo4]

We'd better not let President Koopa merge the two universes.

[@whatisahandle221]

🐲(LoL)

[@cmdrTremyss]

As someone who've spent a lot of time learning about dinosaurs, I love to hear them being named "long necks" and "3 horns" Really brings back The Land Before Time vibes.

[@bethanygee6939]

That's exactly what I (and, I thought ONLY I) was thinking!

[@ryancallsin]

Three-horns never play with long-necks.

[@Magic_beans_]

Yup yup.

[@mrmoshpotato]

I'm a flyer, not a faller!

[@colecampbell1906]

don't forget the sharp tooth.

[@StuffandThings_]

The fact that a seed fern survived into the Cenezoic in ancient Tasmania (which wasn't as hard hit and had a very moderate climate at the time), makes me think that if things were less catastrophic that perhaps a few species would've managed to sneak through, probably in the southern hemisphere.

[@patrickmccurry1563]

Australia would be considered weird not for marsupials, but dinosaurs. Nice alternate history fiction right there.

[@wesleyscott5637]

Some did. 🐊

[@StuffandThings_]

@@patrickmccurry1563 I mean, that's practically NZ. Loaded with very ancient conifers unchanged for tens of millions of years, no native mammals save for a couple bat species, and with giant birds (Moa and Haast's eagle) occupying major niches. There's even all sorts of other relict species too like the Tuatara. The place was practically a ripoff of the Middle Cretaceous, until humans came and wrecked it all and then Britain came and wrecked it way worse. Still no "seed ferns" (awful term for classification but it covers a lot of neat extinct conifer groups) or true dinosaurs, though. But NZ from a thousand years ago would be a good base to work off of for such an alternate reality! Maybe New Caledonia too for more tropical locations, also from before humans arrived as it suffered a similar fate.

[@patricknelson]

What are Moa and Haast’s eagle if not “true dinosaurs”? Did you mean no “non-avian dinosaurs” instead? 🤔

[@dibershai6009]

@@wesleyscott5637🐦

[@astr0nox]

1:16 There is an anachronism here: the stegosaurus was long extinct before the K-Pg asteroid hit. In fact, they became extinct so long ago that the time between their extinction and the asteroid is longer than the time from the asteroid to today.

[@emm6064]

I saw that too. Points docked on the presentation. :-P

[@ronkirk5099]

I'll never cease to be amazed at how scientists can gather evidence from the natural world and use it to develop plausible scenarios for events in our planet's history. The impact spherules found in the fossilized fish gills is a case in point. Amazing!

[@proximacentaur1654]

Totally agree. I was going to leave a similar comment lol. The techniques for gathering the evidence are as astonishing as what they reveal about our planets history.

[@mikebronicki8264]

Mind blowing that they can make such a strong case for "the asteroid struck during the northern hemisphere spring."

[@joelwexler]

They make me feel like such a dunce.

[@JohnLeePettimoreIII]

can't we just make more dinosaurs in the Large Hadrosaur Collider?

[@ScruffyCityFishing]

😂

[@dineshsadhwani3717]

Or just 3d print those suckers

[@uncoolmartin460]

🤣I guess, but they'd be really really tiny ones, or one even bigger one ... oh sh.. Godzilla !!

[@mysphet]

We can make them, but they come into existence and disappear very quickly.

[@mikearmstrong8483]

The problem with making dinosaurs in the Large Hadrosaur Collider is that all the big ones you make keep running into each other.

[@damyenhockman5440]

I love that you referred to all of the groups by their names from Land Before Time

[@jagx234]

Came to say

[@jeremycraft8452]

Yep, yep, yep.

[@Nirad-jt7en]

@@jagx234 same!

[@Nirad-jt7en]

@@jeremycraft8452 Ducky was my favorite!

[@woodfur00]

I grew up fully thinking that was just what they were called. I knew they had "real" names but I didn't think Land Before Time invented the "common" ones.

[@G_____]

Dinosaurs: this really isn’t a good time for me. Can the asteroid come back later?

[@BlaBoy17]

haha ruined 69 likes 😂😂😂

[@chocothun1]

I really really appreciate the Land Before Time references. That is one of my all-time favorite childhood movies!!

[@shieldedknights1677]

Good to know I wasn't the only one who noticed

[@commiecomrade2644]

It was a great way to be clear about which groups they were referring to for laypeople and children. Despite the age of the movie Im sure kids are still seeing it today.

[@Beryllahawk]

Same!!! Gave me the biggest grin.

[@oldschoolman1444]

I always find it fascinating that we owe our existence to the destructive force of an asteroid impact.

[@dapito7771]

It's not 100% the asteroid theory is just that, a theory. You may owe your life, you don't with absolutely certainty

[@AespikeRocks]

@@dapito7771 Please don't conflate scientific theory with the normal everyday use of theory

[@ifbfmto9338]

@@dapito7771 The evidence for the asteroid is absolutely overwhelming and incontrovertible

[@09patrick22barnes95]

@@dapito7771 A theory usually describes a factual phenomenon. I say usually to exclude things like string theory or quantum gravity that are still a crap shoot. A theory does not make the claim that something exists, a theory is a model of how it works. We already know that time is relative for a fact. It messes with GPS. The Theory of General relativity describes how it does mathematically. We already know that living things are made of cells for a fact. Cell theory just describes it. We already know that living things evolve for a fact. Theory of evolution just models the forces and circumstances that make it happen. Someone saying they have a theory that a company is corrupt, really means they "speculate" If a carpenter lays out all of his knowledge into a book about woodworker, he would have something resembling a theory.

[@natem1579]

@@dapito7771 scientific theory is different. In science, anything that you haven't seen firsthand is a theory. The moment evidence is found that disproves it, it is no longer a valid theory.

[@airsickspace9272]

It’s crazy what 10 mins can do. 10mins difference between me one place vs another could be life or death. Especially when driving. People never truly realize what 10 mins can really mean. It makes you appreciate what you have that the luck of those 10 mins gave you

[@thomasslone1964]

So in that case a few seconds?

[@graphixkillzzz]

I've seen the difference a few minutes can make. everyone has. you can see the difference from car accidents. a few minutes before and you get to work on time, a few minutes later and you're an hour late. one driver being just one minute further or behind, and the accident doesn't even happen 🤷🏼‍♂️

[@mikethomas5276]

I used to drive a truck. One day I was rolling through NY state with a group of drivers chatting on the CB for several hours. I finally pulled off just long enough to pee at a rest area. About 15 minutes after I got going again sudden whiteout conditions. All the drivers I was running with were involved in a 40 car pileup......yeah i know what a few minutes can do

[@craigcorson3036]

In ten minutes, the Earth moves over 11,000 miles in its orbit around the sun. Earth's diameter is about 8,000 miles. Ten minutes earlier or later, and the asteroid would have missed Earth entirely.

[@masonjohnson4310]

The faster you are going, the more a few moments matter.

[@johnhannibal5108]

Interesting, the pic you showed with the dinos looking at the incoming asteroid at 1:15 had a stegosaurus , a species extinct for longer at the time of the Chixlclub impact than time since the asteroid's impact!

[@Rob-tq7xq]

Good catch

[@justinbell5421]

Did this make you feel good inside, where you the kid to go 'well actually Mrs.X...'

[@robertdevito5001]

@@justinbell5421well actually Mrs. Bell, it’s were not “where”.

[@virt1one]

wait till you see some of the wingnuts showing cavemen hunting dinosaurs....

[@haole08067]

Cinema sins? Is that you?

[@morganburt2565]

i really love learning things i didn’t think i could know. the science just doesn’t stop!

[@FearlesSLaughteR1]

You may come across a time where it feels like you can’t find more new…. Again, you will find more wonder. I guarantee it. It might suck a bit for a minute, but what’s a minute when there are eons?

[@sandbridgekid4121]

The Human Silhouette in the cladistic diagram near the end of this video is that of John Lennon crossing Abbey Road with his fellow Beatles from the cover of the Abbey Road Album.

[@projectlost8084]

I noticed that too. Glad I wasn't the only one.

[@charialer]

Duckbills (or big mouths) and three-horns, hmm. Next thing you know he'll talk about the tale that these two along with a long-neck, a flyer, and a spiketail, seperate from their families, creating an unique herd, traveled together in order to find a Great Valley of Treestars.

[@TheRealSkeletor]

Yup, yup, yup!

[@SimonAmazingClarke]

What is interesting is that mammals evolved just after the dinosaurs, then they developed during the reign of the dinosaurs so that after this impact they were ready to rapidly change into what ever life forms were required to access the food on this planet.

[@gg3675]

Very common dynamic when a bunch of ecological niches are open. Similar in principle to why marsupials are so diverse in Australia.

[@derpychicken2131]

It's called adaptive radiation, and it isn't specific to mammals. Look at the fossil record after every single mass extinction. The cambrian, the permian, the triassic. Right after those extinctions, you saw the weirdest looking creatures ever that would slowly die off later as more efficient organisms surpassed them. When a mass extinction opens up a ton of niches, no matter what organism it is, be it mammal or fish or reptile or amphibian, they will explode in diversity extremely quickly to fill all those niches, leading to rather weird and unique creatures.

[@richard-mtl]

Check out Rise of Mammals by Steve Brusatte. Excellent book published this year!

[@robertabarnhart6240]

@@derpychicken2131 Makes me wonder what will evolve after the Anthropocene extinction event (aka right now).

[@timeshark8727]

Mammals evolved _before_ dinosaurs... I think you may have made a typo in your original post. Birds and crocodilians and snakes and lizards also rapidly evolved just after the mass extinction... and each had their time as the apex creatures in their environments before being eventually outcompeted by mammals. Never underestimate the power and importance of fur, variable teeth and live birth. Mammals would have been successful with or without the extinction of the dinosaurs, just in different ways.

[@bob456fk6]

This is a fascinating analysis. Timing is everything. Sometimes I wonder what would have happened if the Tunguska event had happened just a few hours later. Then a whole city in Russia or Europe could have been destroyed with millions killed.

[@Schneltor]

I've always wondered what would have happened if the Tunguska event had happened in the 1960s. I think the USSR would misinterpret it as a nuclear attack and launch.

[@sirmalus5153]

@@Schneltor America would have aswell, if it had landed on their country. The russians don't have a monopoly on stupid unfortunately.

[@Schneltor]

@@sirmalus5153 Oh definitely. Actually I think either side would have been justified in thinking they were under attack. There are lots of places it could have hit that would leave both sides scratching their heads and saying, "WTF did they nuke the middle of the Pacific/Sahara/etc." Lol

[@joelwexler]

​@@Schneltor Lots of stuff on youtube about Tunguska. You've taught me something.

[@worldcomicsreview354]

@@Schneltor They had the technology to detect it in time though. Though might not have. An asteroid that caused a nuclear-sized blast in a remote part of Namibia was only detected 19 hours ahead of time.

[@RipleySawzen]

Fun fact: If the asteroid had been 10 minutes sooner or later in its own orbit, it would not have hit at all. It would have missed us by one full Earth.

[@user-pn4py6vr4n]

​@Coolio That's... not how gravity, or orbital mechanics work. At all. Earth isn't a black hole. It doesn't have an event horizon. There's no boundary past which an object cannot escape Earth's gravitational pull. If an asteroid passed very close by Earth, but not close enough to collide, it's going to keep going. Earth has a surface escape velocity of about 11.2 km/s. The Chicxulub asteroid was travelling at about 30 km/s. Even if it passed straight through Earth's centre of gravity, it's going fast enough to escape that gravity well. Since escape velocity is lower at high orbits, a near miss asteroid is going to have no trouble just cruising by, arbitrarily close to Earth.

[@azmanabdula]

@Coolio Gravity doesnt work how you think it works Orbital mechanics and gravity assists are counter intuitive

[@ADMICKEY]

@Coolio I've tested it in universe sandbox It missed the earth (at least immediately) on all tests Hit the moon 3 times Hit mars once And hit the earth a few years later once The other 100 or so hit nothing

[@Jayson_Tatum]

@@coolio6669 false.

[@isaacgruver7061]

@Coolio Earth actually is playing dodgeball, it's just really bad at it. Not enough cardio while growing up, and earth wasn't looking when the ball was thrown

[@Shatterverse]

In point of fact the dinosaurs did make something like a comeback, albeit not a huge one. In a word, Terrorbird. Terrorbirds were a bunch of related species of large, predatory birds that ran down small to medium sized mammals, like the ancestors of horses. If I recall part of what killed them off in places was continental drift bringing different species into contact with each other and spreading diseases that their new neighbors had no immunity to. But yeah, imagine being chased down with an 8-12 foot tall mix of hawk and t-rex.

[@TheHolyHandGrenade79]

To clarify, terrorbirds were flightless, so it would be more like being chased by a mix of ostrich and t-rex. Which is maybe more terrifying

[@hithere5553]

The thought of a 10 foot tall shoebill stork tearing my face off is terrifying.

[@laurajaneluvsbeauty9596]

Non avian dinos went extinct, birds came from the avian dinos. So no the non avians did not make a come back

[@brettlovell8761]

IIRC they grew to exploit niches in South America, which was isolated at the time. When the Yucatan land bridge opened and predators from North America moved south, they weren't able to compete.

[@mattstyles2498]

Everyone knows what terrorbirds are. Y are u talking like a teacher to students?

[@pufthemajicdragon]

I absolutely LOVE everything about your Land Before Time references

[@joshuaevans4301]

I'm really appreciating the Land Before Time nomenclature

[@alexnaturalis1179]

The real question here is, "Does intelligent life depend on catastrophic events that wipe out competition?".

[@Makabert.Abylon]

And then does it depend on specific environmental changes on top of that? A theory ive heard is that north and south america got connected, changed the ocean currents. Made Africa much drier and forrest disappeared. So some of our ancestors took the the ground and did pretty well

[@MegaEdu4]

Yes

[@xponen]

It doesn't seem to be. The asteroid cleared the ecosystem for mammals to flourish, but human-like intelligence is an anomaly among mammals. I'd expect all mammals to be as intelligent if we are to say definitively intelligence is caused by that asteroid impact.

[@MateusSFigueiredo]

Humans exist for 200 thousand years. We flourished in a time and place with lots of competition. So no.

[@TragoudistrosMPH]

The octopus is intelligent. Also, intelligence is difficult to measure...if the scientist uses "human behavior" as the definition... Visual based tests, or dexterity based tests compared to olfactory or electoperception or magnetic-perception based tests of intelligence are kind of why intelligence can be hard to measure. (More practical/relatable is humans are inteligent, but one may memorize sports facts while another memorizes science facts, but whoever is most motivated in a test might do better.) TLDR: intelligence can be hard to measure, and maybe exists unrecognized in other animals.

[@cleverusername9369]

1:21 Stegosaurus lived during the late Jurassic, _waaaaay_ before the late Cretaceous extinction event

[@happyChappy96621]

Stuff like this is why I love science

[@stankythecat6735]

Me also ! It blows my mind that there are people who think science is witchcraft. Flat-earthers and their ilk

[@zogar8526]

@stankythecat6735 sadly it isn't limited to flat earthers. Almost the entire American right hates science and denies it in all they believe.

[@CluelessCatty]

@@zogar8526 Bruh your comment says “1 second ago” LOL

[@Laurastar2009]

The 2022 paper identifying ejecta in the fish gills and pin pointing the time of year just blows my mind. Even as an earth scientist myself, I never imagined we'd ever get that kind of evidence! (But then I specialised in volcanology, not palaeontology.) I cannot comprehend not being amazed at what we can discover or invent!

[@user-fv7mv1oh9d]

It's wildly interesting that we can figure out it was 65 million years ago, Spring time, 45-65 degree angle of impact and came in from the North East. Damn fine detective work.

[@flapjackfae]

The thing is, the thing hit at rush hour, when a lot of the non- avian dinos were stuck in traffic on the freeway. If it had hit an hour or so later, they'd have been more spread out, at home having dinner, and had a better chance to vacate to safer distances.

[@RWZiggy]

the avian dinos were mostly working from home then, because of an avian flu pandemic

[@FearlesSLaughteR1]

“The long necks.” Appreciated.❤

[@stevewaclo167]

Another thought exercise. What if the asteroid had missed the earth. Would the rise of mammals ever happened?

[@mitchellskene8176]

Not when it did, but probably.

[@MateusSFigueiredo]

8:50 maybe. Vegetation change.

[@TragoudistrosMPH]

@@MateusSFigueiredo dinosaurs could have changed too... Makes me wonder what happened to arthropods? I never hear how they were effected, and reptiles aren't so widely talked about either, post and during extinction 🤔

[@naverilllang]

@@TragoudistrosMPH I think arthropods, being small, rapidly reproducing animals, were probably among the least badly affected.

[@bartoszkowalski6986]

Incredible how many things were aligned the way for the worst case scenario. I really dislike the possible implication of all of that.

[@blahblah2779]

When the universe wants you dead, you will die. When the universe wants you to suffer, you will suffer. That’s the lesson of the story.

[@IrishCarney]

Nah. Every year there's a news story about an asteroid "nearly" missing Earth, sometimes coming inside the Earth-Moon orbit. Over the course of hundreds and hundreds of millions of years, finally one hit. It would be weird if the worst case scenario had NEVER happened by now. If the universe were truly malevolent, we'd have been hit like that a lot more often.

[@blahblah2779]

@@IrishCarney There been several mass extinctions. Doesn’t have to be an asteroid. The universe will find a way to wipe us all.

[@bartoszkowalski6986]

@@IrishCarney Hmm. Glad to have new insight.

[@Mrtheunnameable]

@@blahblah2779 The universe is indifferent.

[@beaudavis3808]

I say the possibility of us being here with the dinosaurs still living very, very, very small.

[@jkfecke]

They're essentially zero. Indeed, even holding everything the same, run the clock back to the K-Pg Event and start it again and hominins almost certainly don't evolve - at least, not in the same time at the same way. The odds of us existing are almost zero. But here we are.

[@rebelusa6585]

You forget 1 thing, today dinosaur taste very good too.

[@floranse5205]

U got birds, they are dinosaurs

[@Shadowtiger2564]

We still have alligators and crocodiles which have barely changed since then

[@mthlay15]

@@Shadowtiger2564 confidently speaking as a Floridian, gators aren't dinosaurs exactly. They are really old. Something like 300mya

[@raminagrobis6112]

I was awestruck by this amazing video. The cleverness of the paleontologists has reached summits of resourcefulness to make the most from the least, in terms of parameters of significance. The video's title had me a bit skeptical, but watching it was more than worth my time.

[@alexontheedge]

I always surmised that the Deccan Traps might've been caused by the dinosaur-killing asteroid (see my last question below for why), but apparently the timing is off by a million & a quarter years. (I was encouraged in this belief by a massive impact crater on Mars on more or less the opposite side of the planet from a broad, apparently volcanic field.) * Nevertheless, could the ongoing eruptions of the Deccan Traps been increased in severity or lengthened when the asteroid rang the planet's clock, sending shockwaves bouncing around for days/weeks? * Would the angle of impact have made a difference? * If the shock waves from the Hunga Tonga volcano traveled around the planet for days, how much greater/longer might those from the Chicxulub rock have been? * Coming from the northeast at a 50-60 degree angle, what was on the exact opposite side of Earth in a straight line when it hit? * Would that have affected the crust at that opposite point? So many questions...😎 Forgive me for only being a subscriber and not a member of the paying community. I'm broke & unemployed. But still curious!

[@NeutroniummAlchemist]

I don't think that our dating is that exact when we go back that far in time. The Deccan Traps were definitively caused by the impact. They were exactly on the other side of the earth at the time of impact. The million year discrepancy isn't even a 2% error. For further proof, look at Mars. There, plate tectonics is dead, and the record of past impacts preserved. And what do we find? Every major volcano has an antipodal major impact site. The evidence for the impact causing the Traps is greater than the evidence against.

[@alexontheedge]

@@NeutroniummAlchemist Cool. I am reminded of the lyrics to a song from the 50s: "Then I'm not the only one."

[@worldcomicsreview354]

Flood basalt eruptions without an (apparent) asteroid impact have been correlated with other mass extinctions. I think the theory on if they were related this time is still up in the air. I beleive Chixculub caused a noticeable earthquake around almost the entire planet, which is crazy to think of. Even the biggest ones in recorded human history have barely made it beyond a country.

[@LeoAngora]

Best "What If?" episode ever

[@alkberg2140]

I find this analysis fascinating and enjoyed this episode tremendously. Thanks!

[@qa1e2r4]

First time to hear that only non-avian dinos died off. Auto liked and Sub! Thank you for being objective and subjective!

[@alien9279]

They always say that:D Always great stuff here on scishow, welcome in!

[@rosegoldhiips]

PBS eons has always said this too and I think they're sister channels or something. Hank used to host some of the episodes on PBS eons and because they promoted sci show at the time that's how I found this channel!

[@Lngbrdninjamasta]

2:30 I absolutely love the Land Before Time reference! 💯😎

[@kittyblackwood5459]

Amazing stuff!! I'm in awe at the way scientists are able to figure stuff out like that. It tells part of the story that is Earth and ( most of lol ) the creatures that have been and gone. Thanks for the great video SciShow!

[@1ntwndrboy198]

Yes I heard this theory a long time ago from an archaeologist that was digging in Montana looks like he was spot on

[@lukecat3825]

So it came from the northeast and caused a huge mess. Sounds a lot like my relatives from New Jersey.

[@danielrayner7681]

The Tanis site is absolutely mind blowing

[@marshallbaeth1156]

I got to ride on a equipment when my grandfather helped excavate Leonardo. A mummified dinosaur found near my home town. There was even food left undigested in its stomach!

[@reluginbuhl]

A pretty calm and informative presentation. Good job!

[@shiningarmour6805]

Time and Space are the same, interchangeable. This is why it's fascinating how the slightest change of course in the Voyager spacecraft can send it waaay off trajectory. The same is with events in Time. Even the slightest change means giant changes if you give it millions of years.

[@enjarichards8100]

Interesting the focus placed on the angle of impact and the rotation of the Earth, since in 10 minutes the Earth moves about 6,000 miles in it's orbit, to the west. 10 minutes earlier or later and it would almost certainly have missed the Earth. Tweak one parameter by a tiny amount and you get a hugely different outcome.

[@patrickdegenaar9495]

Wow.. phenomenon research! Bravo to all scientists involved! Fascinating!

[@SimuLord]

You can wait to download it, but the devs will drop the balance patch whether you want it in the game or not.

[@damyenhockman5440]

I found a TierZoo viewer

[@SimuLord]

@@damyenhockman5440 S-tier channel.

[@damyenhockman5440]

@@SimuLord it certainly is

[@Starfloofle]

@@ArawnOfAnnwn goddamn always-online games...

[@Miamcoline]

Incredibly interesting as always. Thank you for this!

[@usmale49]

Interesting and informative video. Thank you for uploading and sharing! 😊

[@Matt10670]

Imagine if the asteroid hit during the day and dinosaurs could've hid from it instead of being caught asleep.

[@wypmangames]

on one side of the planet its day while on the other side its night, and the explosion and clouds destroying everything on earth means that even during the day, hiding wouldnt give much options either because of the plants and smaller animals dying

[@spacebassist]

Rip to all my dinosaur homies who got wiped out in their sleep, that's no way to go

[@m.dewylde5287]

I hope this is a joke comment. If not, I am pretty sad for you.

[@ayansharma997]

@@m.dewylde5287 shut up

[@MrBeenus]

Bruh, it's always day time on half the planet.

[@raeorion]

I really appreciate you breaking this down into Land Before Time terminology for us layman 🦖🦕

[@stinkytoy]

How delicious did those leafstars look? 🤤

[@richardjanowski]

Great video, but at 1:15 the artist shows the asteroid flying over a stegosaurus, which would already have been extinct for 80 million years.

[@VilcxjoVakero]

1) great shirt 2) we're using Land Before Time nomenclature now? 3) truly great shirt

[@cbpd89]

My little dino-loving brain is so excited to learn something new today!

[@S-T-E-V-E]

Yeah I heard that before that it hit the worst place it could! I wonder how many have hit the middle of the Ocean and only caused Tsunami?

[@SelfHealersNutrition]

Lmao u really believe that. No fragments of any meteor has been located in any crater because they don’t exist…

[@scifisyko]

@@SelfHealersNutrition You okay, bro? You’re chatting sh!t, mate.

[@Huginn9129]

@@SelfHealersNutrition craters do exist tf you on about?

[@jibjab1408]

This is the most fascinating video I have seen in quite some time.

[@alexbowman7582]

It’s possible that the atmospheric pressure, the actual amount of air in the atmosphere, may well have been reducing over the millions of years and thus making dinosaurs existence more difficult and that that impact finally finished off a genus that was already dying.

[@marlonmoncrieffe0728]

I guess another reason why a real-life Jurassic Park couldn't exist...

[@LeopoldoGhielmetti]

I was thinking what had happened if dinosaurs where still around and my eyes where catch by a flying bird... very interesting!

[@jamesmnguyen]

I like the cool fact that asteroid impacts deposit a layer of Iridium.

[@mattshaw6259]

Fascinating theory. Thx!

[@crimsonraen]

So crazy! Fun thought experiment too. Thanks for the video!

[@chris-lk4ml]

Even if I an a scientist too, there are moments that I am so happy to life in a space there we can think and write and even search about what ever we want. Even some 100 years before, the researchers of this paper may not allowed to publish the study. Thank you, renaissance people!

[@SayAhh]

Only in some countries... and only in you are male. Thanks religious extremists!

[@proximacentaur1654]

Well said. It is a remarkable thing.

[@HansLemurson]

I don't always create giant impact craters, but when I do...

[@LordOfAllusion]

I appreciate that the presenter keeps referring to these species by their “Land Before Time” names.

[@EayuProuxm]

1. (Some) dinosaurs were having a bad time, indicated by loss of diversity. 2. Fish bones told us asteroid landed during spring time, when newborns are coming up. 3. Composition of rocks at impact site have a particularly easy time ejecting sulphate particulates into the atmosphere. 4. Asteroid angle (45 -60) was really bad.

[@rparl]

So it was Springtime for sturgeon in Dakota?

[@therealhellkitty5388]

A Producers reference… nice.

[@IceMetalPunk]

Winter for millennia! (Da, da-da, da!)

[@BillMSmith]

I should note that I waited 10 minutes to watch this video.

[@CL-go2ji]

I think you have a weird sense of humor, but I´m not sure.

[@pablohammerly448]

​@@CL-go2ji Give it 10 minutes of thought and you'll probably be sure! 🥴

[@alexbowman7582]

The angle of impact may well have made a big difference, a shallow impact like the recent Russian impact which largely deflected the energy, may have mostly sent the impactor back into space whereas a 90 degree imapact may have sent the energy straight into the Earth.

[@user-kq2yh7ij6g]

Never outgrew my fascination with dinosaurs and other extinct creatures! Enjoying all SciShow videos!

[@carlyblack42]

Okay, but now I really wish we could model how evolution would have changed the potentiallly surviving dinosaurs in that scenario. What would they have potentially become as mammals worked to fill niches that had become vacant?

[@ronanchatterji7819]

new dinosaurs an alternative evolution is a book that covers this topic

[@danr1920]

There may have been one we missed by ten minutes too. Who knows.

[@GrnXnham]

Absolutely. When you "what if" something, it's always fun to "what if" it the opposite way, too!

[@Articulate99]

Always interesting, thank you.

[@morganjones593]

Land before time references - 10/10.

[@NickLavic]

Are those allosaurs at 0:23? I'm pretty sure they were already extinct before the asteroid hit. Same goes for the stegosaur seen at 1:15.

[@CL-go2ji]

Yeah, the stegosaurus was bothering me. I think they had been extinct then longer than the triceratops have been extinct now?

[@paleozoic]

@@CL-go2ji The classic, Triceratops lived closer in time to humans, than Triceratops did to Stegosaurus. The distance between humans and Triceratops is 66 million years, the distance between Triceratops and Stegosaurus is about 80 million years.

[@lordofthegeckos533]

Allosaurus itself and the giant carcharodontosaurs were, but there were members of another family of allosaurs called neovenatorids, and possibly some small carcharodontosaurs, still alive when the asteroid hit.

[@paleozoic]

@@lordofthegeckos533 I recall that depends on which direction the recent megaraptoran debate swings. They were originally considered to be neovenatorids, but if they are actually tyrannosauroids, then it's possible that allosauroids did not make it to the end. As far as I know, all possible Maastrichtian carcharodontosaurid remains were reinterpreted as either megaraptoran or abelisaurids, which again, it depends on whether megaraptors are on the carcharodontosaurian or tyrannosauroid branch.

[@SuperJusSaiyan]

I heard that in the future your phone will be able to track your location based on gravity anomalies, doing away with the need for satellites. Pretty interesting.

[@CJordanNicholson]

Love all the land before time references. ;)

[@maimee1]

Person who sent the asteroid: Bulls eye!

[@rogertulk8607]

as the Earth moves through its own diameter in 7 minutes, if the asteroid had hit 10 minutes earlier or later it would have missed by 4000 km.

[@stevie-ray2020]

Also they need to calculate what effect those 10mins would've had on its approach, when the different gravitational masses of the Sun & Jupiter are taken into account (which would be simply guessing)!

[@rogertulk8607]

@@stevie-ray2020 cheers! I just went with the simplest case.

[@shannonolivas9524]

Oh those Land Before Time references. When he got to longnecks I was like "oh stop it". Just short of calling "meat eater" "sharp teeth".

[@evandean3944]

At 6:45 "because the Earth turns, different timing would have resulted in the asteroid hitting at a steeper or shallower angle." "Turns" is a mistake, sorry that didn't get caught in the editing process of this wonderful video's script. The surface of a spinning ball presents the same angle as a stationary ball. It's Earth's orbit around the sun that would have changed the angle of impact. Earth orbits at just about 30km/second so in 10 minutes, as proposed in the title, our planet would have moved 18,000km or 1.5 times our diameter, missing the impact entirely. It's amazing how unlikely such an impact is when you consider how difficult it is to hit a moving object!

[@IntegralKing]

"turns out getting hit by a mountain-sized asteroid is pretty bad for the Planet" -- FFVII intensifies

[@eustache_dauger]

What happened at the antipode of the impact site?

[@dinogoldie9716]

I'm so old, I remember when everybody would say that the dinosaurs went extinct only sixty-five million years ago.It's gone up a whole million in my lifetime.

[@alien9279]

That's some creationist kind of timeline freal 😂

[@paleozoic]

@@alien9279 Remember when the Cold War killed off the dinosaurs?

[@andrewbishop3078]

I’d like to think the research paper started as a “what if” convo at the pub for the scientists

[@christianeaster2776]

One consequence of the impact was acid rain. It is possible that this basically destroyed the bones in the upper layer of the ground since acid soils do destroy bones. The sauropods have much bigger and denser bones so theirs would be more likely to survive.

[@patsk8872]

This is what I've been saying. Fermi Paradox is the real deal. It's astounding that we're here instead of us being a large-predator planet which would preclude any civilization. Earth is definitely in the final 20%, and probably the final 10% of habitability. There would not have been time.

[@TheHaviocdarkmoon]

So with some of the terminology that you used I can’t help but think you were using a land before time reference

[@gregoryflinn3577]

This is really the title for the follow-up episode that broadly and wildly conjectures what might have happened until today based on when/where it hit and how that could have affected then current and later species development. The title for the above video should have been ‚The asteroid timing/location gave mankind its best shot‘.

[@danielmcandrew979]

Fun fact, the 2014 paper had a faulty methodology and even without that we’ve found enough new fossils from the time period to disprove “dinosaurs were doing bad before asteroid” or even the formulation y’all used “large herbivores.” The 2014 paper and a follow up one both looked at one environment each, and made conclusions for the entirety of non avian dinosaurs. If that wasnt enough, they also didn’t do enough to account for the “quality” of fossils in the data pool of one, considering while one was lagerstatte, it wasn’t in a setting that would’ve preserved the remains of many large dinosaurs and what is understood of its formation makes sense why there ain’t more large Dinos in it. And the other one was an environment paleontologists have some reason to believe was a transitional zone between prairie and desert, not exactly a good measure of how many species and how healthy the population sizes were for dinos worldwide. One of the other biggest issue is that dinosaurs of large body size were worldwide, including in large tropical forests, a place known for species diversity. And tropical forests, particularly ones that have persisted for long periods of geologic time, don’t fossilize well AT ALL. Coke on scishow, this is just sloppy including stuff from a paper that was obviously bad science 8 years ago when published

[@HotelPapa100]

I caught this video 10 min after it posted. What does that mean?

[@mmcdade6224]

Maybe you’re spending too much time on the internet

[@user-vw4xp5nt9f]

you've either been saved form a horrible disaster or are 10 minutes within experiencing one

[@lindseytaylor3793]

it makes me so uncomfortable how incredibly advanced science has become. it blows my mind that we know so many details from hundreds of millions of years ago. it feels like knowledge that humans shouldn't be capable of discovering, yet somehow we did. and as incredible and fascinating as that is, it gives me anxiety just trying to make sense of it

[@derekwalker4622]

An education in general makes you uncomfortable. Evidenced by your lack of using capital letters to begin your sentences.

[@beanbean78]

Everybody knows the duckbills escaped to the delta quadrant

[@transrightsbaybee]

really clever how u showed the picture with stegosaurs and triceratops coexisting so that everyone would comment to correct u and boost the algorithm

[@geekdivaherself]

4:14 - THIS IS _SO COOL!!!_

[@DoubleMD11]

This just validifies my catastrophizing 😂

[@h7opolo]

makes me remember the primordial memories stored in our DNA

[@Mandolatron]

great job!

[@OuelPacla]

Ooh! A "What If..." Movie is good for this theory.