Immunosuppressants | Innate Immunity | Adaptive Immunity |

🟩Immunosuppressants: Immunosuppressants are medications that weaken the immune system's response. They are commonly used in medical treatments to prevent the body from rejecting transplanted organs or to treat autoimmune diseases, where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Immunosuppressants work by suppressing the activity of immune cells that are responsible for initiating an immune response. This can help prevent inflammation, tissue damage, and rejection of transplanted organs. However, using immunosuppressants can also increase the risk of infections and certain health issues.
🟩Innate Immunity: Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against infections and pathogens. It is a nonspecific form of immunity that is present at all times and acts rapidly to protect the body. Innate immunity includes physical barriers like the skin, mucous membranes, and certain enzymes in bodily fluids that can kill or neutralize pathogens. Additionally, innate immune cells like neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells can quickly recognize and respond to invading pathogens. Innate immunity doesn't require previous exposure to a pathogen and is essential for preventing the spread of infections until the adaptive immune response develops.
🟩Adaptive Immunity: Adaptive immunity, also known as acquired immunity, is a more specialized and targeted form of immunity. It develops over time as the body encounters various pathogens. Adaptive immunity involves immune cells called T cells and B cells. B cells produce antibodies that are specific to particular antigens (molecules present on pathogens), while T cells can directly destroy infected cells. Adaptive immunity has memory, meaning that once the immune system encounters a specific pathogen, it "remembers" it. If the same pathogen enters the body again, the immune response is faster and more efficient due to this memory. This is the basis for vaccination, where the immune system is exposed to a harmless part of a pathogen to develop immunity without causing illness.
🟩Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that plays a crucial role in the immune system's defense against infections and diseases. They are a key component of the adaptive immune response, which is the body's more specific and targeted defense mechanism.
There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells.
1. B Cells:
B cells are responsible for producing antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies are protein molecules that are specifically designed to recognize and neutralize antigens, which are molecules present on the surface of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances. When a B cell encounters an antigen that matches its antibody receptors, it becomes activated and starts producing large amounts of antibodies. These antibodies then bind to the antigens on the pathogen's surface, marking it for destruction by other immune cells or neutralizing its harmful effects.
2. T Cells:
T cells are involved in various aspects of the immune response. There are several subtypes of T cells, each with distinct functions:
Helper T Cells (CD4+ T Cells): These cells play a central role in coordinating the immune response. They stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and activate other immune cells, including cytotoxic T cells.
Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8+ T Cells): These T cells are responsible for directly destroying infected or abnormal cells. They recognize and bind to antigens presented on the surface of infected cells, triggering their destruction.
Regulatory T Cells (Tregs): Tregs help maintain immune system balance by suppressing excessive immune responses. They prevent autoimmune reactions and unnecessary immune activation.
🟩Immunosuppressant drugs are medications that suppress or weaken the immune system's activity. They are commonly used in medical treatments to prevent the body from rejecting transplanted organs and to manage autoimmune diseases where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Here are some examples of immunosuppressant drugs:
1. Corticosteroids
2. Calcineurin Inhibitors
3. Antimetabolites
4. mTOR Inhibitors
5. Biologic Therapies
6. Monoclonal Antibodies
7. Glucocorticoids
🟩Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are specialized proteins produced by the immune system to recognize, neutralize, and eliminate foreign substances, such as pathogens and toxins. These proteins play a critical role in the body's defense against infections and diseases. Here's how antibodies work:
1. Recognition
2. Production
3. Clonal Expansion
4. Antibody Structure
5. Neutralization
6. Agglutination and Precipitation
7. Opsonization
8. Complement Activation
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#Antibodies #Immunology #rheumatoidarthritis #lupus #steroids #AdaptiveImmunity #AntigenRecognition #ImmuneSystem #BCells #AntibodyProduction #chatgpt

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