In Defence of Prescriptivism

[@kklein]

Go to ground.news/klein to easily see how language and biased reporting can skew our perspective on global issues. Subscribe through my link for 40% off the Ground News unlimited access Vantage plan.

[@spawel1]

financial times is true, great, authentic news.

[@kevinclass2010]

In American English, t has been glottalized before syllabic consonants for a while. That's why we say button (buh'n)

[@petretepner8027]

@@kevinclass2010 /t/ is glottalized before /n/ in all varieties of English (same point of articulation). To pronounce _button_ or _batten_ as /ˈbʌtən/ or /ˈbætən/, rather than /bʌʔən/ and /bæʔən/, is a hypercorrection, in most regions.

[@pallingtontheshrike6374]

Daily NK works directly with the NED (check collaborators section), so you getting ground news sponsor and then uncritically using Daily NK articles as evidence is hilarious

[@werderlebenslang4576]

Speaking as a german who grew up after the spelling reform I think the problem with the french spelling reform was that even after the reform they are still speaking French.

[@blugaledoh2669]

Lol

[@RobespierreThePoof]

Very funny. By the way, I enjoyed learning German by language immersion in Germany far more than learning French in France. The cultural difference with respect to foreigners learning the language was a fairly obvious and extreme one. Germans were far more supportive, encouraging, and tolerant of my mistakes. Why? I cannot say ... other than to blame it on modern history and say that Germany has been humbled by its rather severe mistakes, whereas France treats national pride like heroin.

[@VictorVæsconcelos]

Funny, when I listen to Standard German I also get the impression that they are speaking French.

[@shytendeakatamanoir9740]

On one hand, this is hilarious (and true). On the other hand, there are the implications (which I don't think are voluntary at all). So, really, I don't know how to feel about that one tbh

[@levidecroce6036]

What a stupid comment.

[@willcwhite]

Ironically, 'standardised' is not a word whose spelling is standardized across the anglophone world.

[@braytongoodall2598]

It is standardised, there's just more than one standard.

[@Addeand]

​@@braytongoodall2598it is pretty obvious that "standardized across the anglophone world" refers to global standardisation. If you want to nitpick, at least be correct

[@mahatmaniggandhi2898]

​@@Addeandbut there is no one big english standard so this is not nitpicking

[@braytongoodall2598]

@@Addeand "standardisation" doesn't mean consensus nor even widespread adoption: it is about specification. Consider (modern) shipping containers: initially the 20ft containers were most common, now the 40ft containers are more common: these are both standards (coexisting and in some sense competing). Even still, the standardised unit used in the shipping industry to measure cargo capacity is the Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (based on the volume of a 20ft-long container, so a 40ft is worth 2 TEUs). Standardisation is about creating defined references: it doesn't imply any political status (whether this means popularity among voters, being designated as official by a state, approved by the ISO, sanctioned by the Pope, available on an iPhone or well-known by industry insiders). FireWire was standardised as IEEE 1394 (and perhaps before then too), but it didn't "win" on adoption. Still, it is a data transfer standard. Or consider ISO 3103, a standard for tea preparation. I've never had this, I've never read the document and yet I'm fairly convinced I know how to make a cup of tea. I just don't know how to make an ISO 3103-compliant cup of tea. Some standards are normative, some aren't. There are standardisations for English spelling and usage, and yet English existed before these standardisations. In fact if you want to get rather tricky about it, there are partial standardisations around what the words "English" and "standard" refer to, so even my wording "English existed before these standardisations" could have multiple standard interpretations (or interpretations that are outside current "standard" usage). Open to feedback, but I think I'm correct.

[@lmlimpoism]

english is a vast language with too many dialects that want to spell things differently.

[@theanitmeme]

One of the unstated facts of prescriptivism is that it always has a goal. It could be to enforce a prestige dialect, improve communication, enhance social justice, or anything else. When somebody takes issue with prescriptivism, they’re usually disagreeing with the underlying assumptions behind the prescriptivist’s goals.

[@gyorkshire257]

I think it is more that prescriptivists are d1x.

[@vampyricon7026]

If only. I've had people tell me that my claim that only native Irish Gaelic speaker usage should be considered correct Irish Gaelic is bad because it's prescriptivist.

[@carmenolle5967]

I prescribe shit for vibes alone.

[@skyworm8006]

Yeah it's weird how people dismiss prescriptivism then turn around and be intolerantly prescriptive about the things they want (usually framed as progressive which is usually framed as natural development, which is odd since it required intolerant topdown prescriptivism to get there).

[@gyorkshire257]

@@skyworm8006 I don't think you are talking about the same descriptivism here. Can you give me an example of what you mean?

[@deutschermichel5807]

Reject language prescriptivism, reject language descriptivism, embrace language hypocrisy: Hold others to speak and write your language correctly, but invent the rules yourself based on your liking alone!

[@nialltracey2599]

To whom does that sound like anything other than the sort of prescriptivism up with which we will are likely never to put...?

[@arsray7285]

Ah agri

[@theppotato1667]

Ah yes, the Minions approach of linguistic pigeon polytheism. Just learn enough languages that you never say the same word in the same language twice

[@andrewhooper7603]

i live in the southern US. i encounter this person any time I go to a local facebook page. a whole lot of "lern the langage or leave!" types.

[@spawel1]

this is why i correct people that pronounce their t's

[@dougthedonkey1805]

I once saw a meme about “the descriptivism leaving my body the moment someone uses ‘litererally’ wrong” and I think that, despite being tongue-in-cheek, it’s probably planted some more nuanced seeds in people’s heads

[@kklein]

this is literally me

[@NihongoWakannai]

Using language is inherently an prescriptive process anyway. I just used an before an consonant which is me prescribing that form of writing onto you by making you read and interpret it. You may then try to prescribe the use of "a" instead by saying I am wrong. Linguistics may be descriptive but we're all prescriptivists every day of our lives.

[@dougthedonkey1805]

@ I dunno, I think you’re stretching the definition a little far. You may be influencing the linguistic consensus slightly, but you’re not really prescribing. It’s a prescription-adjacent phenomenon.

[@NihongoWakannai]

@@dougthedonkey1805 no, it's literally prescriptivism. Just because it's on a smaller scale than say a government prescribing an entire system of language doesn't make it not prescriptivism. Descriptivism is something that can only exist within the academic study of human behaviour. History is also a prescriptive field, but that doesn't mean people are going around saying "no you shouldn't have an opinion on politics because that's prescriptive!" The study of language is descriptive, but people using the language are inherently being prescriptive every time they use it to communicate with another.

[@dougthedonkey1805]

@ you are being prescriptive currently, because you are attempting to enforce a certain definition of a word, just as I am being prescriptive by telling you you’re wrong. But the act of speech itself is not prescriptive, as you are not attempting to push a certain way of speaking. You are reinforcing the cultural assumptions holding the language up, but not necessarily prescribing. If I were to see a man in a dress and tell them they shouldn’t do that, I’d be prescribing. If I (a man) were to walk outside in masculine clothes, I would not be prescribing. I would simply be existing within, and reinforcing, the cultural notions of gendered clothes.

[@yazanraouf9604]

I am an Arab, and the Arabic language exists in a diglossia where there's an eloquent (fus'ha) Arabic and a general (`aammiya) Arabic In a way our language exists in both an ultra prescriptivist and an ultra descriptivist existence, Arabic language prescriptivism goes really far back during the Islamic golden age, when grammarians codified the rules of the Arabic language - most prominent among them Sibawayh - and much of the rules codified in that era remains unchanged to this day, and honestly? I'd rather not change it at all, I like it just the way it is, and I'm certain the vast majority of Arabs would rather keep it the way it is. I love that the eloquent Arabic makes me capable of connecting to poetry, literature, religious texts, law, sciences that were written centuries ago. I love how there's a 'mode of speech' that is constant, I can read things in Arabic that were written a thousand and so years ago with little issue, I cannot do the same for English texts - I find it difficult to understand Shakespeare sometimes.

[@spaghettiisyummy.3623]

Which is why a modern English translation exists for English.

[@petretepner8027]

"Arabic" covers many possibilities. My stepson is Belgian-Algerian, and speaks both Algerian and Moroccan Darija. His sister also speaks modern "literary" Arabic, and reads Quranic Arabic, but only because she has taken the trouble to learn them (much the way that I read Latin, I suppose). While both claim (legitimately) to be Arabic-speakers, neither of them describe themselves as "Arabs", except (on occasion) in response to European xenophobia. I know nothing of your background. Maybe you come from a country where the spoken language is closer to "old" Arabic than Darija (it would be hard for it to be further!), and where your Arabic ancestry is uncontested. In any event, I will be happy to read any further thoughts you may have on the question.

[@wilsonli5642]

I was just thinking to myself that one thing that prescriptivism is good for is communicating across large communities, in a formal setting where precise meaning is important (like academia and law), and across time with writers from an earlier age; and it seems that what you're describing fits that to a T.

[@thevilmoron]

Prescriptivism is an inherent feature of language revitalization. How can you revive a language if you allow sweeping influences from the dominant language? How can you revive a language without a standard form to be taught in schools?

[@vampyricon7026]

💯 This is always my test case for whether a person knows what they're talking about regarding prescriptivism.

[@zak3744]

Well, quite, but isn't the idea further back in the process than cross-linguistic influences or the method of teaching? The idea of deliberate language revitalisation is at heart a very linguistically presciptive idea! Setting out to revitalise a language isn't a natural, unconscious process arrived at by people just trying to communicate, it's a conscious decision that it would be desirable for people to communicate in that way.

[@thevilmoron]

@zak3744 yes, exactly! Language revitalization is an example of linguistic that I think is defensible and good. Another example is making language gender inclusive. There are plenty of social movements connected to language which I think we should promote.

[@blueberrymuffin_144]

Well said! I used to be completely anti-prescriptivism until I talked about it with an Irish-speaking friend.

[@KasumiRINA]

It should also follow common sense, I've seen too many people dismiss legitimate but less used Ukrainian words because they SOUND too muscovite, and try to replace them all with synonyms that don't have homophones among katsapian.

[@flaviospadavecchia5126]

The funny part is that the 1990 French spelling reform actually made French spelling easier and sometimes more coherent with the history of the word. The general obtuse population was actually more conservative than the supposed elitists of the Académie francaise.

[@thomemasset7300]

Absolutely! I think most of the reform is coherent and getting used quite usually, as agroalimentaire instead of agro-alimentaire, or entrainer instead of entraîner. But at the same time, nénufar, and ognon just looks weird, man

[@flaviospadavecchia5126]

@thomemasset7300 yes, but at the end of the day, nénufar is not a word of Greek origin, so why spell it with a PH?

[@dmnspdn-lz9rg]

@@flaviospadavecchia5126 for consistency with the rest of the language. A quick stroll through the wiktionary says old dictionaries noted both spellings, but over time people just used nénuphar more. It's consistent with the word phare, for example, which is pronounced the same way. IMO history and habits are important in spelling conventions, and though it won't matter in a hundred years when three generations have been taught the new spelling in school, it's still worth it to criticize what could be done better or didn't need to change at all at the time the reforms happen.

[@flaviospadavecchia5126]

@dmnspdn-lz9rg it's more confusing if people think this word has any connection to phare...

[@dmnspdn-lz9rg]

@flaviospadavecchia5126 Sorry, to clarify, I'm not saying it does, I'm saying there is some sense in two identical sounds being spelled the same way.

[@swchwrm020]

One thing to add: there is a form of prescriptivism that doesn't punch down. When you're from a working class background and have some upwards social mobility, you learn to code-switch both ways. You don't want to be alienated from friends and family by speaking in a middle/upper class way to them, even if that comes more naturally to you than before. So you codeswitch "down" in order to avoid the "look who's gotten all posh now, why don't you just talk normally like us". I'm a teacher from a (I guess) lower middle class background (in the Netherlands though), we didn't have a lot of money but my parents were educated and I went to a posh secondary school and to uni. When I speak with posh parents I speak with an accent I know from secondary school (not quite posh but formal), but when I speak to working class parents my Amsterdam accent is thicker than it would be naturally, which makes conversation easier, because there's more trust and familiarity.

[@isomeme]

Regarding code-switching, i think the key point is to recognize that language always has a performative component. A speaker constantly tunes their pronunciation, word choices, and all the other elements of spoken language to present a persona appropriate to the context and their goals. Sometimes -- often, really -- this is about social status signaling: "I pronounce my Ts and properly use the subjunctive mood, therefore I have a claim on the respect and attention of this group of well educated upper-class people." Other times, however, code-switching is more a declaration of group membership. At my job as a software engineer, I speak in the right acronyms, shorthand, and trade argot. At home, I speak in a language that is roughly 75% in-jokes, intentional mispronunciations we find funny, and telegraphic allusions to shared memories. At a bar with friends, my profanity rate skyrockets. And so forth. I see the performative aspect of speech being compressed into a social power metric far too often lately. Doing that throws away a great deal of the richness of language usage.

[@Croz89]

Yes, I think code switching has been demonised as a bad thing when it's something normal and natural that everybody does and I don't think there's necessarily anything wrong with it.

[@Duiker36]

Well, with how you've described it, it's not just group membership: it's efficiency of communication. They're overlapping concerns, certainly, since the efficiency only comes about because you can prove familiarity with group history, but it's not about just sounding like each other: it often genuinely is about not having to explain stuff that you know the other person knows. And fancy words are like that. Sure, they don't always communicate anything more useful than a simpler word or phrase, but sometimes they do. Like, saying "irony" is a lot shorter than explaining the definition every time.

[@isomeme]

Yes, it's a lovely tangle of purposes, all interacting with one another in ever-changing ways. The more I contemplate the nature of language, the more confused and enthralled I become.

[@stormveil]

Thats a lot of words to say "people change how they speak depending on their audience" 😅

[@EStewart573]

@@stormveilSometimes just saying something isn't enough, you feel like the audience you're speaking to would want you to prove what you're saying is true too

[@norude]

I think a big problem is that most prescriptivists are just uneducated about language and have mostly bad prescriptions

[@kamalkrishnabaral]

This is the exact thing.

[@Taladar2003]

On the other hand, in the absence of prescriptivists the descriptivists can only really observe and describe accidental changes made by people even more uneducated about language.

[@Idkpleasejustletmechangeit]

Yeah, trying to force linguistic "purity" is bad, but trying to alter the language to be easier or more inclusive is fine. I'll use German as an example. There is a movement where some people try to make the language more inclusive through saying the male form of each word followed by a pause (glottal stop, but yeah) and then the feminine suffix (I personally don't like the way it's done, it's a bit clunky and not entirely gender neutral, but still a good thought). Later on, some other people felt offended because people didn't speak the exact same way as them and whined about it and acted like people were trying to force them to speak that way (which did not actually happen). Eventually, some states ended up banning people from speaking this way in certain situations, which is just a clear overreach of power.

[@norude]

@Idkpleasejustletmechangeit K Klein has literally made a video on it

[@Idkpleasejustletmechangeit]

@norude I know, still makes sense to bring up though.

[@jvcmarc]

At 11:04, I'd argue that what you're showing is the phonemic transcription, and not the phonetic, because of the use of diagonal slashes instead of square brackets. if the glottal stop is an allophone of /t/ when between vowels, that likely wouldn't be marked in a phonemic transcription

[@kklein]

fair point

[@rowboat10]

yes, good point

[@op-fb2cm]

But then we might as why it's represented as /t/ in the first place. I don't think it's inconceivable that if Cockney was the 'standard' accent rather then RP, broad transcription would use /ʔ/ intervocalicly, just as finger has /ŋg/ not /ng/ despite /ŋ/ being an allophone of /n/ in this context (something not shared by certain non-prestige accents)

[@vampyricon7026]

​​@@op-fb2cm I presume Cockney speakers consider word-initial [t] and word-internal and -final [ʔ] the same sound, so a phonemic transcription would collapse the two. Similarly, [ŋ] being an allophone of /n/ only applies to dialects where [ŋ] only appears in the sequences [ŋg ŋk]. Otherwise you'd need more rules governing it: /ŋ/ = [ŋ] vs /ng/ > [ŋg] > [ŋ], which complicates the English phonemic system more than just adding a new phoneme does.

[@BryanLu0]

​@@op-fb2cmI'm pretty sure /ŋ/ only exists in "ng" and "nk" and you in fact do not have to transcribe it in board transcription. You can, but you don't have to. Because English does not have regular spelling and pronunciation rules, it's better to specify. Especially for loan words, where there is a tendency in BE to naturalize and in AME to maintain

[@agatheherrou7333]

As a minor correction: the French orthography reform didn't originate from the Académie Française, but from the Conseil Supérieur de la Langue Française. The Académie Française merely recognises the validity of the reform, although its official position is that both the new and the old orthographies can be used. Anyway, as far as I know, the Académie Française doesn't really have any sort of legal power, they're mostly here to be grumpy and cost a lot of money.

[@petretepner8027]

Absolutely correct. Also, not a single one of its members is a professional linguist.

Who pays for them?

[@petretepner8027]

Members of the _Académie Française_ receive individually a very modest 3,180 euros annually from the French State. They are already well-heeled people who are greedy not for money, but for status and reputation. I am not in a position to estimate what "fringe benefits" they may gain from membership.

@@petretepner8027 That makes sense and is about what I expected.

[@petretepner8027]

Glad to be of small use. As a former _fonctionnaire_ I'm your go-to guy for inconsequential details. Seufz. 🙁

[@Croz89]

Personally, and this might be controversial, I think we have to get over the idea that "code switching" is somehow a bad thing. It's a normal, natural thing that pretty much everybody does, including the wealthy to some extent. Language is about communication, and having a standard way of speaking that everybody understands (especially ESL speakers), that is taught in schools, is clearly going to foster better communication. Children should not be taught that slang or accented speech is "wrong" but that it *is* inappropriate in certain environments and when communicating with certain people. Speak how you want to your friends, your family or even your coworkers, but not to a visitor, customer or official, because you risk not being understood or even causing offence. It's not their responsibility to understand your accent and slang, it's *your* responsibility to communicate effectively.

[@Duiker36]

Eh, I think it's more complicated than that; I don't think responsibility can be as reliably and consistently assigned as you're saying. It's not a good prescription to tell people that, if they fail to understand something, that failure is entirely the speaker's fault; they may also be making no effort at understanding, which is just as bad as a weak effort at expression. Particularly for second-language speakers, a lot of their struggle isn't because they aren't trying; it's because they've grown up with a phonotactic inventory that doesn't mesh with the new language. Blaming them for inadequately assimilating isn't a failure to code switch. Especially since they tend to have a *stronger* grasp on the taught-standard way of how the language works than native speakers do, and are mostly missing familiarity with idioms and vocabulary.

[@Croz89]

@@Duiker36 In the end ESL speakers are trying their best, it is still their responsibility to be understood, but making a good faith best effort is all we can ask for, and they will improve with time. The listener can't really make an effort to understand them if they don't understand their pronunciation. If they are really struggling then writing it down or employing a translator may be the only option. Of course when the listener responds it should be in a standard form of English to be better understood too. What I'm really targeting are those who think they can talk how they do to their friends and family to everyone and that it's the listeners responsibility to learn the accents and slang of all the geographic, racial, and cultural groups they might encounter.

[@t_ylr]

Not an ESL speaker but I did have to take speech therapy with a bunch of ESL kids in school. The teacher was from Michigan and her accent was pretty close to standard American English. She would teach us standard American phonics by mechanically showing us how to make the sounds, but if someone had a bit of an accent (my whole family is from Philly so I pronounce water like wourder lol) she would correct us but say we can pronounce it slightly differently as long others can understand. I feel like that's the best way to do prescriptivism. Especially if you're in a post colonial environment where the kids speak differently outside of school we shouldn't be labeling it as "wrong". I do think it's tricker in the US or the UK where kids all have different backgrounds cause we want to err on the side of everyone being able to understand each other.

[@petretepner8027]

@@Croz89 I think the attitude you criticize in your final paragraph is almost entirely confined to English speakers. Speakers of virtually every other idiom accept that there is a “public” version of their language (for widely-spoken languages, perhaps several standards, depending on country/region), and use at least an approximation to it when addressing strangers. Nobody from Bern or Zurich imagines that they can tour the Baltic coast of Germany expressing themselves in Schwyzerdütsch, nor would I attempt to make myself understood in Wallon or Bruxellois when visiting the South of France, though (unavoidably) my accent will betray me to a certain extent.

[@Rynewulf]

Unfortunately theres a consistent history of those in positions of power (such as employers) to weaponise that against specific groups, in the name of clear communication. 'I cant hire them, they can barely speak English! ' Ive had this said about me being from rural England, you can imagine what some people I know who are fluent but accented or just 'look foreign, that cant be their real name or accent!' have been through in the name of 'comminicating clearly' Your heart is in the right place, you want people to get along, but as it is a lot of people really dont. They want control to the nth degree

[@dzheighough]

I really don't think the prescription against slurs is at all a good example of the positives of linguistic prescriptivism. If I were an awfully racist red blob and I wanted to express my racism and disdain for blue blobs, linguistically, 'bluble' is a great and appropriate word to use. I have succeeded in producing language and expressing my opinion perfectly. The problem however is the racism itself that is expressed. To say 'bluble' is to be racist and to be racist should be discouraged in the exact way that 'I am racist and hate blue blobs' should be discouraged, even though that is a perfectly grammatical and clear english sentence, but it expresses nasty semantics. In the same way that if I were to stab someone with a knife purposefully, I may have done something awful but it does not mean I do not know how to use a knife, or need someone to show me how.

[@largob1594]

Right, but we can take this further to create a situation that is intuitively less oppressing through prescriptivism. Having more and more red blobs realize that "bluble" is expressing a sentiment they don't agree with will stop them from using it. This in turn makes it easier to identify who is racist and expresses it with "bluble" and reeducate those who need to be. On top of that, whereas before, the minority group was fighting a losing battle, now they outnumber the oppressors, which I would say, admittedly from personal experience, has a higher chance of red blobs self reevaluation. As a real world reflection, take for example the Phillipines. I have heard anecdotally that many people there use """bluble""" to refer to each other, as they hear it in movies and other media without necessarily knowing of its history and implications. If a new generation does learn of this and educate those around them, present and future, those who will be left saying it stand out way more. Another great twist is that in this new, more supportive environment, blue dots start identifying to themselves and their peers with "bluble." This is not only extremely validating, I imagine, but also makes the word lose its racist basis, making "bluble"-saying red dots look like a bunch of fools stuck in times past.

[@TheJamesM]

Yes, that was my thought exactly. Of course there are certain words which have acquired particular potency from their historical context, but the heart of the matter isn't linguistic; racism can be enacted in countless ways, and all of them are wrong for the same reason. Slurs aren't wrong because they aren't a "proper" part of the language; they're wrong because they're hurtful (sometimes very deeply so) and express a socially unacceptable attitude.

[@RiedlerMusics]

despite the rhyme "sticks and stones may break my bones, but words may never hurt me", words can and do hurt, and I'd prefer that people don't call me slurs even if they hate me. Of course I'd prefer it for them not to hate me, but … yknow, baby steps.

[@jerkison]

There will also be a large group of people who don't know the word is hurtful. This is where it's good to say "hey don't say this, it's mean and hurtful". Without the overall concensus and people actually pointing it out/enforcing it, then people will ignorantly use them, and racists will get some benefit of the doubt for using these words.

[@diydylana3151]

Those semantics are encoded into the word sense at that point, its not just using the word in a particular way. Its still prescriptive even if its not about grammar.

[@strwberry_mist]

my first thought seeing this in my notifications was "oh yeah you shouldn't say slurs that's true"

[@thezipcreator]

the first thing I thought of was "prescriptivism makes sense when teaching someone a new language"

[@frenchertoast]

Moral prescriptivism (nobody's against that) ≠ linguistic prescriptivism (what people actually mean when they say prescriptivism is bad)

[@artugert]

So would it be okay to say bad things about a group of people, as long as you don't use "slurs"? Of course not. The problem isn't a linguistic one, but a moral one.

[@andrewhooper7603]

@@frenchertoast actually, some of us don't believe in prescriptivism in any form. that's why i go to the doctor for advice, but i'm not about to let him tell me i have to take "clopidogrel" because I "had a stroke". bruh, i came here so you could write a note for my boss that says I have to work light duty on account of my limp arm. don't need your totalitarian nonsense.

[@NihongoWakannai]

​@@frenchertoast everyone is an prescriptivist. Just using language inherently makes you an prescriptivist. The study of linguistics may be descriptive, but the study of linguistics is like the study of history; just because history is descriptive doesn't mean we can't prescribe how the world should change in the future.

[@Mahawww]

On your slur point, Ethics and Liguistics are not the same thing. I can describe a crime to you without telling you whether I think it's right or wrong, that doesn't mean that I think that crime is okay. People who tell you not to use a slur, "bluble", aren't prescriptivists, they're not telling you you're making a grammatical mistake or something, they're telling you you're ethically wrong to do so. The same way you would be ethically wrong for saying "Red dots are superior to Blue dots." even if that is a grammatically correct sentence.

[@Yadobler]

You're thinking of syntax vs semantics with your last point, and like how every sentence has syntax and semantics, this is sementically ethics like you say, but syntactically a form of prescriptivism occurring - society still influenced the change in ethics of a word's meaning, changing its semantic implications I believe ethnolinguistics and sociolinguistics deal with this

[@giacomogalli2448]

Well, language conveys meaning and therefore politics and ethics when used between people

[@octag0nist]

ehhhhhh. I think I disagree. Before a slur becomes a slur, it tends to just be a way to describe a group of people. Because of the way these people are talked about, that word then might be prescribed as being offensive or derogatory. For example, "female" isn't a slur, you can have female friends or female protagonists, but describing a group of women as "females" has a misogynistic undertone that comes from the fact that there are men who will make a point to use that word while they're being misogynistic. If I say you shouldn't call women females because it's offensive, I'm making both an ethical & a linguistic claim: I'm saying that "females" is a derogatory way to refer to women, AND I'm saying you shouldn't do that.

[@stormveil]

Thats just your rationale for your prescriptivism. Do you think prescriptivism itself is a slur so you want to rebrand away from that? edit: lol

[@Mahawww]

@stormveil Damn you took that personally lol Who hurt you bro?

[@Valery0p5]

"this is an hypothetical word" Comment section: I'm going to prescribe a specific case

[@ratewcropolix]

an hypothetical

[@Rosemary_Benson]

@@ratewcropolix prescriptivism moment

[@jdelacruz14791]

​@@ratewcropolix Erm it's actually "a hypothetical"

[@Valery0p5]

Would you guys believe I got recommended a video about Hiatus after I checked the replies for this comment?😅 "An interesting development" by Dr Geoff Lindsey. As for me, I got this habit from italian since it's the same thing with "e" and "ed", and so I like to abound with those consonants.

[@petretepner8027]

​@@jdelacruz14791 Both are used. "An hypothetical" used to be the prescribed, "correct" form. The "rule" was for "an" to be used before any word beginning with an "h" which is not stressed on the first syllable: thus "an hotel", "an historical" (but "a history") and (curiously enough) "an hiatus".

[@LowestofheDead]

*Moral* prescriptivism: " is harmful and immoral word, you shouldn't say it" *Linguistic* prescriptivism: " isn't a word, even though everyone understands what it means Descriptivism: "We just added and bussin to the dictionary no cap"

[@red_roy]

...are you saying slurs shouldnt be in the dictionary? like... i think its pretty important to document and have publicly available academic information about slurs. i have a friend who doesnt know why the n-word is that bad because they grew up in a diverse city where they've never heard it used in the bad way. but dictionaries and wikipedia is a great resource for them to learn about it. also, if you remove the r-word (slur) from the dictionary, you would only have the non slur version of the r-word in the dictionary. and it would be bad if a non native uses the r-word without realising its a slur.

[@FarnhamJ07]

@@red_roy er, I don't see where they said anything of the sort? i think you're tilting at politically correct windmills.

@@red_roy Is there really only one word that starts with r that is a slur, so it's enough to say 'the r-word'? I'm impressed.

[@red_roy]

@@FarnhamJ07 huh, they are totally implying its bad to have slurs in a dictionary.

[@ivy-re6qo]

see i think this comment just kind of. forgets about the fact that descriptivists also have morals and therefore do not think that slurs are good, even if they accept that a slur is a word

[@gljames24]

Language is meant for effective communication. If being lax is beneficial, that's great, but sometimes it's detrimental and you need to strictly define your usage.

[@Skyhigh91100]

The video started out with talking about differences in how languages are spoken, but most of the discussion about institutional prescriptivism was about spelling. I think it's very important to differentiate these things. Spelling, reading, and writing are not natural; they're skills that humans need to be taught. One of the main reasons humans developed writing systems was to disseminate their ideas to a large number of people who they might not have direct contact with. The tools to create large amounts of written works and disseminate them broadly (or, nowadays, over the Internet) require a huge number of people to create and maintain. Fundamentally, written language requires large societies to be useful, and external teaching in order to be used, so it makes sense that *how* we write is codified by our societal structures in a way that allows everyone to glean information from the page (or screen) as quickly as possible. On the other hand, spoken languages are natural. A baby will start to babble and eventually copy the adults around them without anyone sitting that baby down and formally instructing them. That means that the way in which we speak is tied fundamentally to our local social groups, because (without outside intervention) that's how we learn to speak. It's certainly the case that more privileged groups can afford to send their children to formalized schools where they can be instructed in how to speak "properly", which can result in certain pronunciations being classified as higher or lower class, but there will also be groups who can't (or aren't allowed to) do so. The children in those groups will grow up speaking the way that those groups speak. It doesn't even need to be about privilege; accents can be regional as well as social. There are also many possible physical attributes about our mouths, tongues, noses, vocal chords, etc that make spoken sounds vary greatly. Yet, as long as we can understand each other, no one way of pronouncing any individual word should be taken as the "right" way to do so. That's why correcting spelling is fine, but correcting pronunciation seems so elitist: if anyone is trying to formalize/centralize/standardize pronunciations, they must inherently be someone who has access to a lot of power (because as mentioned, it takes power in order to force such a universal standard), so to do so without the obvious benefit that standardized spelling has implies that that person is claiming that their way of speaking (and thus, their privilege and/or cultural background) makes them "better" people. That is, obviously, an abhorrent notion in a democratic society, and hence it is met with the vitriol of "descriptivism, not prescriptivism!" that we see online. But is that really, itself, prescriptivism? I'm reminded of the Paradox of Tolerance, the notion that the only thing that a tolerant society can't be tolerant of is intolerance, which means that a perfectly tolerant society (supposedly) can't exist. This is often used by fascists to mock, feign offense, or attempt to dismiss anti-fascists who are trying to silence their intolerant ideas, claiming the protections of free speech while simultaneously working to build a society where that freedom will be abolished. I feel that labeling both the person scolding Timmy for dropping his T's and the person calling a minority group a name they don't want to be called "prescriptivists" is akin to calling both the fascist and the anti-fascist "intolerant". It's superficially true, but by leaving out the nature of the power imbalance, the things that both groups are intolerant of, and the goals of both groups, you're losing most of the information (and thus, changing the connotation of, if not the definition of) the word "intolerant", to the point where the word is almost a meaningless label. "When everyone is super, no one will be." I don't feel like "prescriptivist" is a useful label, and thus a meaningful word, if it can equally be used to describe a minority asking people to stop calling them a slur, and a central authority declaring the "correct" way to pronounce every word in a language. There are just too many differences between those two use cases. The word needs to be able to be applied to the latter, and not the former, if it is to have any purpose in our lexicon.

[@letusplay2296]

In Japan, NHK, the national broadcasting association, publishes a dictionary of correct pronunciation. It is used to prescribe a specific system of pronunciation (not just pitch accent, but also a description of when devoicing occurs and when "ga" is to be pronounced as "nga" to name a few things) for their newscasters. It's updated regularly to reflect changes in the way normal people are speaking, so it's similar to the OED in that way. Most people never open the NHK accent dictionary, but they do correct each other's pronunciation. I'm not a native speaker but I don't think it feels quite as elitist as someone correcting pronunciation in English. I think the reason it doesn't feel as elitist is because it's not coming from an institution necessarily, because people are only familiar with the NHK's prescriptions via the pronunciations used on the news. Even still the pronunciation continues to change in interesting and fun ways.

[@TurbopropPuppy]

prescripto-liberals and prescripto-fascists

[@MechaOrangeStudios]

K Klein: Anti-prescriptivists are the REAL prescriptivists!

[@DonkoXI]

In a way, I think this is kinda the point of the video. Prescriptivism isn't itself good or bad because it can be used in good, bad, and neutral ways in a variety of contexts. This doesn't make the word meaningless though. It just means it's value neutral.

[@vampyricon7026]

That's exactly what Klein is talking about though: Pop linguistics is so stuck on the idea that prescriptivism = bad that they can't accept the idea that it is just a value-neutral word. It's just a word for people who prescribe things (about language, in this context). The prescription itself can be good or bad. Like, I challenge anyone to say the prescriptions of minority language or dialect speech based on the usage of their native speakers should be eliminated and let the majority language run roughshod over their speech.

[@ablobofgarbage]

"consensus prescriptivism" is kind of a mix of prescriptivism and descriptivism. It is descriptivist in that it describes how the consensus currently is, and then it prescribes that you should conform to the consensus

[@andrewhooper7603]

this is the skim milk of linguistic positions.

[@gljames24]

And it falls apart once you realize that a lot of definitions are contradictory and these definitions break taxonomies and dichotomies. Take the vegetable fruit debate for example. All fruits are a subset of vegetables btw.

@@gljames24 > All fruits are a subset of vegetables btw. That's not really the consensus definition.

[@NihongoWakannai]

​@@gljames24 fruits are not all a subset of vegetables. "fruit" is a botanical term for a specific part of a plant. "fruit", "vegetable" and "grain" are culinary terms to describe plant matter with different culinary purposes. Something can be a fruit and a vegetable simply because the definition of fruit changes depending on whether we're using the culinary or botanical definition.

[@XavierGobble]

I think it is important to make a distinction between moral prescriptivism and linguistic prescriptivism. Your ending critique here is that you need prescriptions to make society good and that is obviously the case. But the blue blobs aren’t being linguistically prescriptivist here they are making a moral prescription they say “it’s hurtful and harmful for you to use that word” not “that slur you are using is grammatically incorrect”.

[@concibar4267]

but aren't both just different moral reasonings? Like, one group follows the moral value of "More people having an easier time understanding each other" is a preferable world. The other group follows the moral value of "Less people being discriminated against" is a preferable world. Both are concerned with what we should do (ethics). You could argue for each group if prescriptivism is an effective way in order to achieve their goal, but I would say both are concerned about doing the right thing (or... other people doing the wrong thing).

[@kori228]

before I watch the video-for language preservation, I agree

[@Rao-y5b]

It reminds of the "tolerance paradox", where for society to be 100% tolerant it should intolerate intolerance

[@spelcheak]

It’s not a paradox, it’s just an incoherence in the ideology. The solution is to not be tolerant.

[@andrewhooper7603]

@@spelcheak "immortality is impossible, therefore you should stop trying to live. i'm very smart, btw"

[@Rao-y5b]

@@spelcheak it is a paradox. In a paradox with the God and the stone, "not creating such a rock" is not a solution of a paradox. Most of the paradoxes are about certain possible events, where we can not generate the correct output

[@thomaspickin9376]

@@Rao-y5b Honestly whenever anyone brings up the paradox of tolerance online, it's usually to silence an opinion they don't like or find shocking. As the paradox never actually defines what 'intolerance' is it leaves people open to define anything they want as 'intolerant'. So they feel justified in saying they don't have to tolerate it or listen by calling upon Karl Popper's Paradox as some kind of authority (whom they've probably never read). In regards to the God and the stone, two solutions might be 1: It's equivalent to asking God to create a square circle, which is impossible, you're asking God to do impossible things which doesn't make sense. 2: If God isn't bound by the Laws of Logic then he would be able to, however to us it would seem like a paradox as we are. (A little hard to wrap your head around).

[@NihongoWakannai]

It's not a paradox, it's sophistry. "Don't tolerate intolerance" is just a way for people to try and justify their own form of intolerance whilst shunning others.

[@Felix-l1o8s]

Very interesting video personally. As a German who lives in an area where low German used to be spoken. I personally have an accent which I suppressed in a lot of cases for quite a while. I am one of those folks that say "richtich" instead if "richtik", "Tach" for "Tag" and use phrasel adverbs. ("Da will ich hin" instead of "Dahin will ich") I was never forced by anyone to use standard German pronunciation, I just felt that it was more comprehensible or something like that. For quite a while now, I have personally given up on maintaining a high German accent. I know that I am perfectly understandable to anyone who is not a total A1 newbie and stopped caring about this invisible prescriptivism that made me use the "better" pronunciation.

[@qwertyasdfg2219]

Funnily enough, Northern Germany is said to speak the purest Standard German, with its bastion located in Hannover. This is because the pronunciation of Standard German (Hochdeutsch) is based on an area where Low German was traditionally spoken, whose name I regret to have forgotten.

[@NewbieFirst]

pronouncing -ig as ich is Standard German, Tach instead of Tak for Tag isn't tho

[@K2ELP]

​@@qwertyasdfg2219the pronunciation is actually based on the Mitteldeutsche dialects, as otherwise words like schlafen wouldn't have underwent the sound change from F to P. The area around Hannover has the clearest standard German because the people living there basically had to learn standard German as a new language, as standard German is based on Southern German, that's why it's called 'high German', because of elevation.

[@qwertyasdfg2219]

@@K2ELP You have misunderstood. what I meant by Standard German's pronunciation being based on Low German is that it is "Low German accented", having a Low German substrate pronunciation-wise. I know everything what you're talking about. Standard German, based on middle High german, was introduced to the Low German speaking areas as a foreign language, being the language of Church and education. Acquiring the language through school, the swamp Germans came to speak High German as though they would read it, that is, with a Low German accent. This has now become the base for Standard Pronunciation, like the one spoken in Tagesschau.

[@dan74695]

⁠@@qwertyasdfg2219 Standard German and traditional Low German sound very different. Traditional Low German sounds quite distinct.

[@snibo1024]

So prescriptivism is good unless when it isn't, I mean yeah a good video that takes an opinion and say it's nuanced and explain why it is that way I really like it there should more videos like this on KZbin in general keep up

[@cheeseitup1971]

Where is the descriptive/prescriptive premise from? I always thought people were talking about how the science of linguistics shouldn't recklessly make value judgements, not that language policy can't ever exist.

[@vampyricon7026]

A lot of online linguistics spaces have users take it upon themselves to wage a holy war against all prescriptivism because their only exposure is to people who say you shouldn't end a sentence with a preposition. I had the same thought as you when I first encountered a description of descriptivism: "You're just describing doing science. What's the difference?" and as far as I can tell, there is none.

[@diydylana3151]

​@vampyricon7026 Its really been bothering me, I wanted to write a post about it (coincidentally a week later this vid pops up) because having standardized forms and terminologies is necessary so people you know, understand one another despite all the language change in various schisms. How do you get there? Prescribing. Somethings are just more useful than others. Non standardized forms are fine. But let there be standardized ones? If there is a good argument to be made to keep a words usage/meaning rather than what the majority mistakenly thought was its meaning then..thats a fair argument to make? I think its a false dichotomy. If its something they dont like they call it prescriptivism and if its something they do like they stay quiet. And I'm not the type of person to get bitchy about commas or slang or something. Things should just be able to coexist.

[@tovarishchfeixiao]

@@diydylana3151 Yeah, this whole "presriptivism is bad" thing is nothing more than some people thinking that they're better than others for not wanting standardized rules in a language and thus making the language unusable.

[@gljames24]

That oxford dictionary example reminds me of Unicode. They say they want to only describe how language is used, but now lock in language into what they deem common. I'm still upset they rejected Cyan and Magenta while those colors are literally used by every color printer in the world!

[@piaraismacmurchaidh4712]

Don't you mean in "Defense" of Prescriptivism

[@danielwarren3138]

Absolutely not

[@slaimiaadem1634]

I swear the power of memes will make the word "bluble" a new slang word

[@commieRob]

As a native English speaker who lived in Vietnam for a couple years, I would often be shocked by native English speakers expecting Vietnamese English speakers to understand the formers' particular highly stylized dialects. Dialects are lovely, they make language diverse and interesting, but for God sakes you shouldn't expect a young woman working in a bakery in Saigon to know "why chochlah" means "white chocolate", and you certainly shouldn't keep repeating it the same way expecting a different result.

[@ladymacbethofmtensk896]

Well, Vietnam was a FRENCH colony.

[@K2ELP]

​@@ladymacbethofmtensk896how is this relevant

[@ladymacbethofmtensk896]

@@K2ELP English colonialism created English influence. French colonialism left French influence. And the French language is notorious for the many silent letters in its spelling.

[@rateeightx]

Two examples I always bring up of Prescriptivism being useful are Science and Laws, In both cases it's generally pretty important that your meaning is communicated clearly with no ambiguity, And for that purpose it can definitely be useful to give a word a specific definition and not deviate from that definition, Which is I suppose Situational Prescriptivism, "In this context, This word should always be used with this specific meaning and no other, But in other contexts, Use it however you like".

[@MrS-in8pp]

Couldn’t you also argue though, that ambiguous laws eliminate loopholes, allow room for common sense in judicial proceedings and ultimately fit the needs of an ambiguous world?

[@diydylana3151]

​​@@MrS-in8pp you can be unambiguous about your ambiguity i'd say. Language and concepts inherently have limitations, but the underlying intent can be made quite clear. You don't want ambiguities over what word sense you're using to make your point, you simply want your sentence to apply in a broader sense.

@@MrS-in8pp You can leave room for interpretation in laws without making your language extra ambiguous.

[@serfit1]

I like how the final message was just don’t be an asshole, that’s always been the best lesson.

[@Mercure250]

The descriptivism leaving my body when someone writes "could of":

[@dnyalslg]

Spanish is not a spelling mess, and one can read the words of Christopher Columbus and Cervantes themselves and understand them perfectly. It’s all thanks to the RAE’s heavy handed prescriptivism.

[@NihongoWakannai]

Same with english, it used to be just a bunch of regional phonetic spelling before standardized spelling.

[@Yugurta85]

How can that be, when RAE was formed 200/150 years after they lived and wrote them. A better explanation would be Spanish not changing barely during and especially after XVIth century, in regards to phonrtics and phonology. We can definitely read them, but that is because the language hasn't changed much, definitely not the ortography,. Plenty of interchangeable "b" and "v", "g", "j", "x", "ss", "z" and "ç" in the works with non-modernized spellings.

[@dnyalslg]

@ Yeah, the language had not changed much, but it was already going the way of French or Portuguese with inconsistent spelling. The Great Vowel Shift took about 300 years, so a language can have dramatic changes in a very little amount of time. But it wasn’t only the RAE that standardized spelling; Nebrija’s reference works were already out by the time of Columbus and Cervantes.

[@Yugurta85]

@@dnyalslg True

[@Imevul]

Basically, this video could be summarized as: Either nothing communicated can be wrong -- or -- if I do something non-standard it's wrong. But if I and a mob does it, then it's language evolving. Either way, I like to think of it from a different angle: The only real goal of communication is to make your message understood. Sounds reasonable then that if you intentionally do something that makes you less understandable to others, that is wrong since it strays further from the goal. If John and Timmy suddenly appeared in a vacuum, they would die, but they would also both be wrong if neither of them refuse to accommodate and adapt their speech so that optimal communication can be achieved. On the other hand, if John and Timmy grew up together and spoke exactly the same for 20 years, then suddenly one day Timmy started speaking differently, then he would be wrong for reducing communication efficiency. I think in the real world though, almost nobody is in the pursuit of optimal communication, and most are happy if they can wing it through life, one grunt and hand gesture after another. Conclusion: Everyone is wrong.

[@PeCzech]

"The only real goal of communication is to make your message understood" That's not true. And it's pretty prescriptive of you to assume the "only real" goal of communication.

[@Imevul]

@PeCzech I'm listening. What do you think is the purpose of communication then.

[@PeCzech]

@@Imevul Whatever people communicating have in mind. You know, we live in a society. Someone's goal may be to show his higher status, greater knowledge or whatever, someone may want to convince people that are listening to the conversation that they are DEMOLISHING THEIR OPPONENT, or things like that.

[@vampyricon7026]

​@@PeCzech And that is part of their message.

[@PeCzech]

@@vampyricon7026 That's pretty boring. If you define "message" as anything you want it to be, then sure, it can be part of their message.

[@rogercarl3969]

If we stop using the term "rules" and instead use "conventions" I believe that would help people to understand what the goal is: language clarity. It is not about the arbitrary enforce of some standard but more about mutual understanding. I hope I have explained this in a descriptivist kind of way.

[@gahllib]

Former English teacher both within the anglosphere and outside of it, came here fully ready to hate this video from the thumbnail and title, expecting some weird elitist pearl-clutching. Very pleased to be wrong and the general level of nuance! The french academy too is an interesting example, specifically because the vast majority of french speakers are african and the vast majority of written communication is on unregulated social media, and so both spoken and written consensus french is actually beyond the reach of the academy, and (similar to the US) most of the changes in French language right now are coming from an increasingly diverse and immigrant-rich body politic. But all that reinforces your notion of the inextricability of the sociological from the linguistic!

[@camelopardalis84]

Very much looking forward to watching this.

[@Hambrack]

I think there's a big difference between the kind of prescriptivism of spelling and the prescriptivism of speech. A writing system is artificial, man-made, unnatural.

[@steeltarkus58]

How can one type of human expression be natural and another one not? Man is part of nature after all, speech as we know it today is as man-made as writing is . Or are you implying that writing systems are a product of some sort of unnatural and/or alien forces?

[@xCorvus7x]

In writing, prescribing rules makes a lot of sense. Imagine how much more difficult life would be if you yourself had to ponder how to spell every word you write or what word other people could possibly have meant by the combinations of letters and other symbols that you read?

[@Hambrack]

@xCorvus7x I mean, for some languages this is the case (e.g. minority languages) and the problem is picking one that addresses all the language's needs.

[@Hambrack]

@xCorvus7x I mean, for some languages this is the case (e.g. minority languages) and the problem is picking one that addresses all the language's needs.

[@xCorvus7x]

@@Hambrack What do you mean by minority language? Doesn't any given language, regardless how fringe it is, just have its own spelling?

[@NeunEinser]

6:16 The most British sentence "The way I see it, there are two big issues with the laws of North Korea: That they cause suffering and are awful and cruel, in short that they are bad laws"

[@jem5636]

Thank you for helping me to disentangle prescriptivism from punching down, and help me understand why I actually hate certain subsets of it so deeply - not because it was prescribed, but because it was insulting, derogatory, or cruelly exclusionary.

[@RedKincaid]

My issue with prescriptivism has always been that people tend to take entirely valid, easily understandable, naturally developed language patterns and insist that they are somehow inherently incorrect because they are new or unfamiliar. I speak with a very distinct Texas dialect in my day-to-day speech, a dialect that has hundreds of years of history and that nearly everyone I know in person speaks with. But I've been repeatedly told that I'm using "slang" and "butchering the English language" by not only randos but by teachers, educators, and people in positions of power. And oftentimes those same critiques are used against African American dialects, the language of immigrants who speak English as a second or third language, or language that develops within friend groups and social circles. I understand needing to use more standardized language in the workplace or "professional" settings, if you're a scientist you want to be as easily understood as possible with absolutely no room for error. But that's not how it's being used by the majority of people. Prescriptivism in the United States is at its heart a form of elitism, used to outgroup people who are different. As I said before, every person I know speaks with a Texan dialect. But when you leave Texas, you might be insulted and degraded just because you don't speak the same way as the other people you're around. It's viewed as a sign of low intelligence, as an indicator that you hold certain political and religious views, and otherwise as a way to dismiss and ridicule people. And it happens here too when you meet someone who speaks in a Caribbean or Southeast Asian accent. I disagree with your arguments about consensus prescriptivism, because the consensus where I live is that Texan is "correct" and AAVE is "Wrong". The people who are making the consensus have no more right to decide how I speak than I do. Now I'm not saying we should spurn prescriptivism entirely, but that it's being used in a negative way by a lot of people and arguing in favor of it often leads less to standardization and understanding and more to a denial of the intricacies of language and refusal to allow change and variation. Would I prefer that the word "literally" still have its original meaning of being literal? Sure, I would. But the consensus has already formed differently and I just have to accept that. Would a lot of those same people say that "y'all" is not a word and its use is un grammatical? Yeah, but that doesn't change the fact that everybody knows what it means and it's been a real word for a very long time. It's not my business to tell other people how to speak nor is it their business to tell me how to speak. We should do our best to find a mutual understanding without degrading and insulting each other over words and context that we can all understand, or else we'll all end up turning our noses up haughtely and dismissing others as simply ignorant rather than just different. It'd nice to be able to take a language and give it specific rules so that it's easier to understand for everyone, but those rules are inevitably going to conflict with the already well accepted rules of somewhere. If New York City decided theirs was the correct method of speech, it would seem completely nonsensical to someone from Missouri, and if they came up with the right way to speak they wouldn't like it in California. So who gets to decide? You say it's based on consensus but we all have our own consensus that conflict and disagree and picking one over another is always going to be an act of elitism. I don't think you could find two people in this country who would agree on the correct way to speak on every single word, every bit of grammar, every bit of context. My neighbor pronounces the word "Things" differently than I do, and we both lived in the same area our entire lives. My other neighbors speak Spanish as a first language and have a noticeable dialect. What prescriptivism does that I don't like is take culture and attempt to turn it into a hard science. I like descriptivism because it accepts the reality of language as a soft science. We can study it, test it, learn about it, but as soon as we start trying to set up hard rules and push it into what we think it *should* be, we lose the nuance. Language is an art, and you can't make up rules for what art can and can't be and shouldn't shouldn't be. There can certainly be guidelines for different styles, you can have rules for an art contest, you can categorize different eras and styles, but you can't tell Picasso that he's doing his art wrong because he went from cubism to surrealism and you think he should be more structured.

[@Hwelhos]

I can imagine that wa'er becomes standard and later the glottal stop is lost together with the following schwa and say "Can i ge' a bo'le of war" and people correct them by saying "You want a bo'le of war? Of *war*? Or do you want a bo'le of wa'er"

[@TheRealBFKelleher]

I'm surprised that you didn't mention that most French speakers nowadays live in the African Francophone countries and are completely free from French language institutions.

[@MrKumbancha]

i live in argentina, and even though we are not in the RAE's (royal spanish academy) jurisdiction, pretty much all teachers will say "this is correct spanish because the RAE says so" so i would not say we are completely free of them

[@KasabianFan44]

@@MrKumbancha I was thinking the same thing when I read OP’s comment. It’s interesting to see that the French Academy’s prescriptions are only considered at all in Europe and maybe Canada, while virtually all Spanish-speaking nations in South America accept the RAE as at least some sort of credible authority. To be fair to the RAE, they do put some actual effort into describing how the language is used in each individual country and the differences between them (it’s not perfect of course, but it’s certainly something), so perhaps that’s why? Although saying that, they practically never ever discuss the Spanish spoken in Equatorial Guinea, Western Sahara or the Philippines, so I do wonder how the RAE is viewed over there.

[@nexusanphans3813]

To a (large) extent, it is. We cannot have proper communication when everybody sticks to their own slang. What we can do is balancing prescriptivism with attitude and prejudice. As a speaker of minority language, there is added benefit of prescriptivism that I can attest: to ensure that the language stays intact with less erosion from the influence of the more dominant language. When you allow laissez-faire influences from another more dominant language, that minority language will be prone to code-switching and other assimilating influences that eventually reduces the overall linguistic diversity. Look at code-switching in Indian languages for example.

[@johningham1880]

Certain sections of the Cerulean Blobbian community have reclaimed to word “bluble”.

[@angeldude101]

I honestly thought this was were it was going, where many people from both sides agree that the word is bad, only to find that some of the blue blobs have started using it to describe themselves. The concept of language getting "reclaimed," and slurs and insults ending up being worn as badges, is so weird and interesting.

[@afuyeas9914]

Linguists aren't entomologists observing insects, they're part of the linguistic experience and as such have to take part in linguistic discourse. If they don't they will be passive participants of the upkeeping of linguistic prejudice. This video really hit the nail on the head, keep it up!

Eh, you can be a linguist of a language you ain't involved in. Eg because it's in the past, or because it's far away.

[@Exilum]

My issue with prescriptivism starts when we start trying to prevent useful changes, individual or not. The arabic loan words can be insanely useful in French, and I'm sure no one using them would be fine with some people hating them for their usual discriminatory reasons, but when it comes to saying "that shouldn't ever be used because it's not French" when it's used by the majority of the young population, that's bad. These people forget the other arabic loan words they often use that were borrowed a century or two back, the fact there's no one-word French equivalent, or the fact it's so used by the population in the first place.

[@bunnyfloofy_8096]

almost rediscovered foucault's theory of knowledge and power with the "consensus prescriptivism" bit lol

[@kklein]

let's say i might have taken some inspiration

[@ClementinesmWTF]

I got kicked out of a certain “linguistics” Facebook page for espousing the opinion that spelling prescriptivism is ok because it’s not natural in the first place. I made a lot of these same points, but they hated it. Let just say that militant descriptivists (read: pseudo-linguists who have a similar linguistic understanding as militant prescriptivists) don’t actually understand what parts of prescriptivism make it bad and wholeheartedly reject anything prescriptive, including spelling. It’s perfectly possible to mix both as you’re doing here.

[@blueberrymuffin_144]

I don’t see why spelling perscriptivism is bad in a world with auto-spellcheck and almost no usage of cursive in job settings. But if this were the 80’s, I’d argue it’s disadvantageous to dyslexic people. Maybe those folks are stuck on that past opinion.

[@ClementinesmWTF]

@ even then, dyslexia doesn’t make a wrong spelling all of a sudden right. We can understand the mistake while still trying to make it more accessible and correct it for them (eg spellcheck and autocorrect). None of that is a good argument against prescriptivism in writing.

[@blueberrymuffin_144]

@@ClementinesmWTF Yeah, I just don’t think not knowing how to spell should affect people’s job opportunities and such. The only consequence should be getting your spelling corrected.

[@ClementinesmWTF]

@ cool, none of this is an argument against prescriptivism still…no one is disagreeing that we should make accessibility features. And when you have them, you should use them to your advantage (ie I haven’t seen a handwritten job application/non online application in decades so what is your point of acting like this is an actual issue)

[@blueberrymuffin_144]

@@ClementinesmWTF Yeah I agree. Don’t really know why people are against spelling perscriptivism aside from accessibility concerns, is my point

[@coolguy4709]

The fact that this is the only video on prescriptivism that genuinely didn't misrepresent prescriptivism. Prescriptivism is not inherently classist or racist. The vast majority of it is not. It is a way for more people to understand each other.

[@flightlesswizard]

13:28 no way bro dropped this right at the start of no n-word november😭

[@spaghettiisyummy.3623]

Nut.

[@Tasorius]

Standardized spelling also kills all regional variants in writing and forces one, and in the case of English, the standardized spelling came with the printing press and was partially made by people who did not understand English spelling and sometimes made new incorrect spellings that did not exist before the printing press, so it's not as good as people think it is...

[@jeffreyhabgood91]

I had to go to speech pathology growing up because there were just so many phones i couldn’t reproduce that it got in the way of understanding (the best example I can remember was thirty and forty sounding exactly alike minus the vowel). I think my experience particularly was an ideal example of how these concepts should be applied: someone took a descriptive analysis of my idiolect and decided that my communicative experience would be improved by training me to produce the “correct” phones. And it did help! But I think the key there is that they started from a correct and fair descriptive analysis, and thats where so much confusion on these points happens. One of the things that strikes me with the John-Timmy example is that ultimately, John’s descriptive analysis of Timmy’s speech fails to understand that Timmy’s use of glottal stops in that linguistic situation is consistent and not an impairment to communication with exposure. Had timmy used a glottal stop in a consonant cluster like in “street”, then John would still be an asshole for his tone and the fact that he’s subjecting timmy to a speech pathology lesson without timmy’s consent, but he would be at least be basing his prescriptivism on a stronger descriptivist core. The two concepts exist together, and people can use both for good and for bad! Though obviously, with the way power manifests in the current day and age, bad prescriptivism tends to have more harmful consequences.

[@Exilum]

The thing that made the spelling reform fails in France wasn't just how it was applied, there's more context to that. Prescriptivism was actively working against the reform, due to the Académie Française. There is a very conservative view of language in France where change is systematically rejected, no matter its source, it's especially present in the elite. And we just happened to be one of the few countries where a self-electing caste of elite is allowed to say whatever they want and be used as a source for medias, despite none of them having anything to do with linguistic and despite their instruction not having prescribing usage as its mission. The Académie wants people speak what they consider "pure" French (which isn't but that's another topic). They wanted nothing to do with the reform which they didn't like and their influence no doubt had a role in how little the 90s reform was applied. They had to approve as it was the wind of the times, but they didn't like it and still don't apply it. Most French people apply the 90 reform selectively, wherever they want.

[@DragonsAreAwesome45]

The problem with prescriptivism is that at no point in the process did a group of people use this power to cause the spelling of *any* European language to make sense

[@DragonsAreAwesome45]

What English really needs isn't a "spelling reform" but a spelling overhaul

[@ladymacbethofmtensk896]

English spelling does make sense when you realise that much of it reflects how the language was spoken during the time of King Richard III, and those infamous silent B's? Those are Eighteenth Century Latin affectations.

[@diydylana3151]

As long as language change exists, spellings will only make sense if you keep reforming the spelling over and over. But then you also lose out on etymological connections of words, easily recognizing already known words, and are forced to pick a specific dialect. Its easier for me to know "londeners often ommit the t in words like water and turn it into a glottal stop " than have it be written as a glottal stop as now its evident its the same word. Chinese doesn't really have that problem because 1 character is 1 word root and those stay the same. The problem there is that the char itself can change form, and it's components are tied to the meaning and sound they had at the time. But some degree of prescriptivism and picking 1 language its vocabulary allows people of differing chinese languages to read the same manderin text quite easily. Problem there than is that typically governments will surpress other languages and dialects and make them die out. Thats what we don't want. Prescriptivism can make things make more sense. You just don't want to use it for something bad like wiping out peoples own varieties.

[@daegan_ftw]

The primary function of language (both written and spoken) is to take ideas from one mind and make them available to others. Spelling in particular needs to convey meaning more than it does how a word sounds. Homophones (both in general and the word "homophone" itself) illustrate this point the best. Tale/tail, sail/sale, you get the concept. Phonetic spelling makes understanding written words harder at the cost of being able to sound them out. I don't care how something is supposed to sound nearly as much as what something is supposed to mean.

[@petretepner8027]

Here are some of the ways the word _subtle_ has been written (in published texts) since it was first adopted into the English language from Old French _sotil/soutil/subtil_ in the early 14th century: _sotil, subtile, subtyl, sutile, subtil, subtile, sotell, sutille, subtille, sutyll, sutil, sotell, suptyl, sutill, suttle._ And here are some of the ways it has been pronounced: /sɔˈtil/, /ˈsɔtəl/, /ˈsɔːtəl/, /suˈtil/, /ˈsutəl/, /ˈsuptil/, along with the modern standard /ˈsʌt(ə)l/; that's ignoring both regional variations on the pronunciation of the vowel /ʌ/ like [ʊ], [ʏ] and [ʉ], and regional substitutions of the glottal stop [ʔ] for /t/. I'm not quite sure what that proves, nor whether it can be regarded as an argument either for or against prescriptivism. I do know that both English and French make for problematic examples when it comes to spelling rules, since both have clung like limpets to etymological spelling (sometimes “re-etymologizations”, as in the case of _subtle_ ) rather than, like the vast majority of Roman-alphabet languages, opting for a (broadly speaking) phonemic approach. For this reason, anglophone and francophone children and adults are much “worse” spellers of their own languages than those who natively speak any other European language; to the best of my knowledge, North America is the only place on earth where people indulge in “spelling bees” as a competitive activity, and French-speaking countries the only ones where the _dictée_ (dictation) forms such a large part of the school language-learning curriculum. Written French also encodes a great deal of grammatical information which the spoken language does not (or does differently), so when a child learns to read and write in school, they are, in effect, learning a second language, even if the language spoken in their home is perfectly standard modern French. Both American and British TV newsreaders and presenters frequently “mispronounce” words they are reading from their autocue, because English spelling gives wholly inadequate clues as to how they should be spoken. Their listeners, in turn, adopt those pronunciations, having heard no other - language change in action, though springing from a relatively novel source. So much for the similarities between English and French. One very important difference is that, whereas France has, for at least 250 years, imposed a rigorous (and at times viciously cruel) policy of suppressing local “patois”, encompassing not just French dialects and minority languages, but even minor differences in local pronunciations, in favour of a (now outdated) Parisian standard, the British have rejected, or in the second half of the 20th century reacted against, the notion of a standard public version of the language free of “regionalisms” (RP or “BBC English”) as “snobbery” and an unwarranted encroachment of the Southern English upper and middle classes on the freedom of both their own working class and people from other parts of the country and beyond. The result is that people working in public information/communication roles in London (rail ticket salespeople, bus conductors, even tourist information employees), dealing not just with customers from all over the country, but also with foreign visitors, are free to express themselves just the way they would back home in Glasgow, Barnsley or Mumbai. The BBC and other broadcasters now have a deliberate policy of employing presenters with (sometimes slightly “poshed-up”) accents representative of different areas of the country. While not always imposed with such single-minded ruthlessness or carrying the same flavour of dictatorial centralism as in France (or of snobbery as it would/did in Britain), most countries or language areas of Europe accept the existence of a standard version of their language for public, or at least official use. Italians do not expect to hear their national broadcast news read in Sicilian or Venetian, or even in an accent strongly suggestive of those areas. Nobody from Bern or Zurich supposes that they can tour the Baltic coast of Germany expressing themselves in Schwyzerdütsch (though their origin is likely to be recognizable from their accent): both they and their hosts will use (at least an approximation to) standard Hochdeutsch, though this is the “natural” language of neither. Good luck trying to make yourself understood speaking West Flemish in Amsterdam, or even in Antwerp! So you have half-convinced me with your argument for prescriptivism, within certain strictly-defined limits. Speaking as a Bruxellois/Londoner, do not (if you value your safety) come into my local London pub demanding that we “pronounce our 't's”, nor, as some arrogant and apparently suicidal French tourists have been known to do, order a drink in my local Brussels bar pretending not to know that _septante_ means _soixante-dix._ For that matter, do not enter my Aunty Eileen's tea-shoppe in Dorset and exhort your waitress to suppress the [ɹ]'s in her speech. But by all means, should you invite me to give a public lecture on this or any other subject in Britain or in France (hope springs eternal!), expect me to deliver it in a good approximation of RP, and at least attempt to remember the complexities of French-French arithmetic. But wouldn't most people do that anyway? I hope you won't find it rude of me to end on a rather personal note: I find your own accent very difficult to place. Are you a USAer or a Canadian? Either way, it strikes me as a rather uncomfortable compromise between Standard American and British RP, though for all I know, it could be the perfectly natural accent of some part of North America.

[@NewbieFirst]

Dictants are extensively used in Russian education, due to the morphophonemic nature of Russian orthography. French orthography also appears to be morphophonemic, while English is strictly morphological. At least with Russian and French you can correctly read the words out loud immediately (bar some exceptions like eu or ai and ignoring Russian stress)

[@petretepner8027]

​@@NewbieFirst I didn't know that about Russian schools, so thanks for the info. You very neatly pinpoint the "extra" difficulty of English spelling: it works neither way round. Not only is it impossible to know how to write a word spoken in isolation (like in French), it is equally impossible, in very many cases, to know how to pronounce a word you see written down, unless you just "happen to know". I don't know much Russian, but if I find a suitable YT video in Bulgarian, I'll give it a go as a dictation exercise (if you think the two languages are comparable in this respect). I am far from confident of being able to give myself a "smiley face" on my homework!

[@NewbieFirst]

@petretepner8027 should be pretty close, the lack of cases might make it a bit easier, since vowel reduction would be less of an issue when it comes to the endings, also Bulgarian has two steady vowels (Е, И), while Russian has only one У, and Bulgarian also has simpler vowel reduction in general.

[@NewbieFirst]

@petretepner8027 should be pretty close, the lack of cases might make it a bit easier, since vowel reduction would be less of an issue when it comes to the endings, also Bulgarian has two steady vowels (Е, И), while Russian has only one У, and Bulgarian also has simpler vowel reduction in general.

[@petretepner8027]

@@NewbieFirst Everybody thinks Bulgarian must be "easier" than most of the other Slavic languages, because of the lack of noun cases, but it has a truly terrifying verb morphology/syntax, more complicated even than Old Church Slavonic. But yes, Bulgarian spelling is reasonably "phonetic" after the orthography reforms (latest in 1945). The modern alphabet has 30 letters (there used to be 44!), with mostly a one-to-one correspondence between graphemes and phonemes.

[@thai-cheese]

I have an interesting perspective from the current predicament of Cantonese speakers. In response to the Chinese communist party's policy of strengthening cultural unity through suppressing regional dialects, there is a movement to better reflect spoken Cantonese in our written Chinese communication (idioms, word choice, etc). As a Guangzhou born Cantonese speaker, I am largely in favor of videos promoting the proper written form of Cantonese words in effort of preserving and legitimizing the language. That is until I go into the comment section of these videos that protest the "standardized Cantonese" being promoted is just Guangzhou-ese which under-represents the linguistic diversity of the Canton region. In the struggle against the central government's Mandarin prescription, Guangzhou is the cultural minority. As the capitol of Canton and third most populated city in China, Guangzhou speakers promoting written Cantonese become the powerful cultural majority prescribing our language to the less populated regions. Survey says that about half of Guangzhou residents speak Cantonese while the equivalent rate in many cities across China is less than 10%, so don't those dialects need the attention more than us?

[@matiz107]

Might be my favorite of your videos so far. Such a great analysis of power (read: very similar to how I normally think of power in my own field of academia, hæhæ). We can never achieve societies or communities devoid of power, but we should always be observant of how it is used and what its effects are.

[@VoidVerification]

I started school (in Germany) in 1992 and first learned old German spelling, then new German spelling. There was a LOT of public outcry at the spelling reforms, so there was a revision of it, making part of the new spellings of certain words optional, whereas some of the core rules changes (like the revised usage of ß) stayed mandatory. So this wasn't purely power at play, but also reacting to public sentiment to tone down some of the reform.

[@darkardor666]

6:13 "anarchists seething rn" Me, an anarchist: "HOW DID HE KNOW?"

[@gljames24]

on the otherhand, people missuse the terms Socialism and Capitalism all the time and I would prefer an authoritarian enforcement of language for the idiots who keep insisting that capitalism is synonymous with a free market when it actually describes external ownership of capital outside of the direct stakeholders. Worker Cooperatives are Market Socialist! Markets are an Anarchist/Libertarian system!

[@Nai-qk4vp]

Probably because he doesn't know what anarchism is. Or he does and he just wanted to be tongue in cheek.

[@ElliotShayle]

It's so refreshing to see someone finally defend the idea of prescriptivism. I got the feeling that most linguists dismiss any prescriptivist tendencies, although I always believed that there were powerful benefits to communication by being able to communicate in a standardised and prescribed way.

[@AhrenAKADan]

Halfway through, quick thoughts 1. I think you have to be experienced as a descriptivist in order to prescribe good language change. And in some ways we kind of do this. There are words, or even just modes of words, that I champion because i think they're Good Words, and there are words which i strictly define because I think the conflation of the different modes of usage cause more confusion than anything else. We are all agents of and within our languages. Be the change you want to see. 2. In my eyes, being wrong is more about what generally inhibits understanding. But if this difference has a consensus around it and you understand it perfectly fine, unless you can say somehow that it actually makes things more difficult to understand beyond you being a shithead who gets hung up on it, it's a difference not a problem 3. Oh also you can prefer things one way or another just for artistic/fun reasons. But again that's a preference it doesn't mean things are a problem

[@norude]

Well, the idea of English speakers being more open to non-standart spellings, so that the spelling system would be easier to use over time has been floated around a few times

[@marikothecheetah9342]

Yes, especially mixing: they're there and their and your and you're. Makes it so easy when you don't stick to their proper usage :/

[@norude]

@marikothecheetah9342 I, as a non native English speaker, would be confused by theese mixups, but the difference between "it's" and "its" is just stupid

[@marikothecheetah9342]

@@norude wait a bit longer, misspellings and distortions are in their infancy. I know it's trendy to follow descriptivism, and be all chill about the language usage, but for me, using three languages daily at work, consistent language spelling and usage is crucial to communicate in a clear way with clients. But yeah, little misspellings, that along the way may distort whole words is a non-issue, right. Old English sitting in the corner and chuckling.

[@moshubbie]

I always think of Chaucer and the state of middle English during his time. There was this tale about a man trying to buy "egges" from a woman but the woman was like "I don't speak French". The man got frustrated because he wasn't speaking French until someone else butts in and clarifies to the woman he intends to buy "eyren". The reason we have the word eggs is because published Middle English literature have inadvertently prescribed what English should look like. Heck, a lot of words in modern English are just made up by Shakespeare himself! You can imagine the amount of words in the English language that have been lost to time because they were never written down. I always imagine what our word for eggs in modern English would be if authors published 'eyren' more than 'egges'. Would we have said 'ern', 'arn', eiren', 'iron' etc?

[@TomteMiley]

I love how by now I can almost always guess what point the video is gonna make at the end by only seeing the title and thumbnail 😂 Really good arguments, you certainly helped me putting into words what essentially were my thoughts to begin with too

[@cirnobyl9158]

Also a lot of ESL (English Second Language) learners like immigrants have no choice but to RELY on some degree of prescriptivism to survive! It's hard enough for them to adapt to a new country with a new language and work a narrow subset of low-income jobs as-is, but one thing that they can cling to for comfort is learning "standard" English, a set of firm rules for English that is considered unobjectionable. If an ESL asks you how to prepare for an important interview, you wouldn't teach them slang. You would teach them the words and the accent expected of them in a formal setting. These ESL will probably teach their children very "standard" English as well, and warn their children to use slang sparingly. This doesn't come from a place of malice. This comes from of place of wanting their children to have a better future than themselves.

[@akarvelas]

everyone speaks about the t in water, but no one speaks about the r

[@maxr.k.pravus9518]

Ok this was good. Being a linguist myself I expected these exact arguments in favor of prescriptivism. In fact, we made almost the same kind of value distinction between the two prescriptivisms at my uni (ironically, KZbin is underlining "prescriptivisms" with the curly red line lol). We called the "bad" one linguistic purism, and the good, i.e. useful form of prescriptivism is really just descriptivism that is allowed to prescribe convention-based rules. The rules are only valid until the changes in the language conventionalize among the majority of a language community and then it prescribes with the updated description.

[@koibubbles3302]

Personally, I don’t think it’s right of the blue people and their friends to ban usage of the word “bluble.” I don’t think it’s a good thing that this word has been restricted. Yes in the past it was used discriminatorily, but the issue was always the discrimination and never the word. If there is no ill intent in using the word, like maybe saying it in passing or quoting another person who said it, then there’s no reason the word shouldn’t be used. Especially if these blue people have reclaimed this word and use it conversationally themselves.

[@ReddoFreddo]

I think a good prescriptive institution is one that has a lot of linguists, aka descriptivists in it. Oftentimes, prescriptive institutions are composed mostly of writers and journalists as opposed to linguists, and while I'm sure they're fine people in other realms, they reflect an upper middle class culture, which historically cast A LOT of judgement on the way people speak, especially in some countries.

[@vampyricon7026]

Exactly: It's what's being prescribed that's the problem, not prescription itself.

[@user-id9bn1ic9v]

When I learn a language from a native speaker, like in a class, I’ll often ask the “correct” way to say it, and then the “wrong” way to say it, because consensus prescriptivism is a good thing to know, and in itself should be studied by linguists.

[@JonathanMandrake]

Part of my problem with people who label themself prescriptivists is not even just that they tend to punch down, it's that they tend to interfere in the natural change of language towards a form that is more intuitive to the majority of speakers. If everyone can understand what is said and people use it in spite of it going against the codified rules, then citing the rules is not at all productive. If there is a reason that doesn't rest purely in linguistics, then cite that, but linguistics alone is not a good enough reason to make language less intuitive

[@Taladar2003]

What makes you think language naturally changes to be more intuitive though? A lot of the time people just misuse something to e.g mean the opposite of the original meaning and suddenly you can't use it for either meaning anymore.

[@xCorvus7x]

New customs aren't necessarily more intuitive, though; often they just do away with depth in speech that is disregarded by people who never took a moment to cherish it. When does „more intuitive“ not just mean „simpler“? Of course, simplicity isn't bad per se but neither is complexity. A lot of the flak so-called* prescriptivists get seems to presume that language rules were arbitrary or pointless. _*how many of them are actually linguists and not just people concerned with their language, a part of their culture?_

[@JonathanMandrake]

@@Taladar2003 I mean sure, but the examples i have in mind are truly just stylistic choices of phrasing that, while technically incorrect, create no linguistic problems as you describe, and which don't have any good reason to be more complex. For example in German, whether you say something "macht Sinn" or instead saying something "ergibt Sinn" is basically the same, the small differences in their meaning are so unimportant that unless you truly need an exceptional level of nuance, you wouldn't need to distinguish between the two. Yet the "incorrect" one is typically more widely used

[@diydylana3151]

​​@@Taladar2003 thats why it frustrates me! Plenty of times the consensus is just flat out worse for communication and then you have to come up with a new word to get the old utility back even tho there already was a perfectly fine word for their misue. Other times they make some structure that made sense stop making sense and yet they complain "ugh why doesn't this make sense" later

[@yveltheyveltal5166]

"'consensus prescriptivism" is really Democratic Centralism for language btw

[@agranero6]

Prescriptivism may sound good for writing, bet bear in mind: the orthographic reform of Portuguese was created and decided basically BY ONE FUCKING PERSON, African countries were ignored and Brazil basically decided all. Besides as it was mandated by law was ILLEGAL to publish books with old spelling forcing publishers to spend a FORTUNE to recreate the photolith (films used in printing) to continue printing the books, older books that could be reprinted were never published again because of this cost, for new books and less interest on those. Final summary: it served as an instrument of colonialism and brought a heavy burden for the publishing market on a very critical moment of competition with the internet. WHO won? Basically Amazon with e-books. Now we have less options, a lot of pusblishers wen out of business for several reasons but this certainly didn't help and African countries had nothing or little to say about it. Oh and the guy that mainly did the changes got an year or two of head start for publishing his dictionary ahead of others. Oh Brazilian president says he is proud for never have read a book. Yeah prescriptivism is useful...in theory.

[@vladprus4019]

This video is surprisingly relevant to the lore of the tabletop RPG game Mage The Ascension, mainly the consensus bits.

[@SleinJinn]

I work in language education-mostly, but not exclusively, EFL-but my own background is in academic linguistics, and my teaching style is heavily influenced by linguistic theory. So the tension between descriptivism and prescriptivism is something I've always had to confront. When I first started teaching, it was something I struggled a bit to reconcile, but what I've realised through the years is that descriptivism operates at the level of language communities whilst prescriptivism operates at the level of individual language users. I'm very transparent about this with my students/clients, and I let them decide whether they want me to correct them to higher status "prestige standard" forms, or whether they're choosing to identify their language with other language communities, in which case I'll work within that dialect, sociolect, etc. And I regularly rely on corpus data when deciding which forms I should introduce my students to. I think it's also worth pointing out that prestige standards-along the lines of what you're calling "consensus prescriptivism"-play a particularly useful role in the case of linguae francae. The fact that one language allows you to communicate with such a broad swathe of people all across the globe and to participate in such a large body of media and culture is the principle reason people learn English as a foreign language. But, without the gravitational pull of prestige standards, linguae francae lose their utility over time as different language communities drift in different directions-look no further than the Romance languages.

[@wack1305]

I appreciate the chuckle at your ad transition

[@stefan_popp]

Such a well-laid out argument. You totally changed my mind, which I had changed already a few years earlier.

[@gljames24]

The Paradox of Descriptivism is that it often leds to a defacto standard becoming an entrenched standard that is then prescribed. The very act of describing is prescribing a view or framing of language.

[@EnanoPancracio]

That makes no sense. Prescriptivists eventually moving on to prescribing the changes in a language they initially opposed isn't the fault of descriptivism. And recording how people use the language is not prescribing anything to anyone.

[@astrOtuba]

Damn, I was thinking about this side of prescriptivism vs descriptivism for several months now, but you organised it so nicely, it all just clicked in my head. Thank you♥️

[@jasmijnwellner6226]

Alright you changed my mind. I won't use the b-word anymore. (But seriously, you changed my mind about prescriptivism.)

[@greenoscc]

LOL

[@1Dr490n]

The main thing I learned in this video was bullying is bad

[@Aesclingua]

Could you make a video talking about how the descriptions of English phonetics (especially the vowels, English 'coup' sounds nothing like German 'Kuh') are sorely outdated? Also, rip RP. (~1920 - ~2000)

[@usernamenotfound80]

I think a lot of that stems from confusing phonemic and phonetic desriptions. It is perfectly sensible to phonemically transcribe "coup" as /ku:/ or "day" as /de:/, even though the vowels are diphthongs (along the lines of [ʉu̯] and [ɛɪ̯]) for most speakers. After all, it is is clear which phonemes /u:/ and /e:/ are supposed to represent.

[@Aesclingua]

@usernamenotfound80 I'd argue it isn't fine for phonemic transcriptions to be so inaccurate and distant to the actual realizations. It'd be much more sensible to transcribe them phonemically how you transcribed them phonetically. The distance between the "phonemic" transcriptions and the physical reality shouldn't be so wide. Most people casually looking at info on English vowels would think that English has a sound like [u], and that they can use their native /u/ to pronounce it correctly; and the same goes for English speakers using [ʉu̯] to pronounce the /u/ of foreign languages.

[@vampyricon7026]

​@@usernamenotfound80 That can be a good *dia*phonemic transcription, but notice how linguists describing English dialects use phonemes that are as close to the phonetics as possible

[@vampyricon7026]

Also I believe that ground has been well-covered by Geoff Lindsey here on KZbin

[@gljames24]

I almost hate it more when an institution goes along with a consensus name rather than a scientific name because they view the scientific name to be too prescriptivist while just reinforcing the nonrigourous consensus name as the consensus.

[@argh523]

The thing with the German reform was that most people actually like many parts of it. Many difficult or irregular cases now follow simple, consistent rules. The criticism was all over the place, but very few people opposed the reform in it's entirety. Even at the height of the controversy, critical newspapers started switching to the new orthography by just cherry picking some of the rules. The official orthography then appeased the critics by making the controversial parts optional, and that was pretty much the end of it.

[@Apoque]

Near the end I was sacred you were going to make an analogy between water/wa'er and bluble/bluba. I was glad I was wrong and 30 of those remaining 50 seconds were credits.

[@oliveranderson7264]

This was amazing, it was like having an idea I've been having for so long be properly developed then reexplained to me.

[@onetruetroy]

Excellent video for bringing up this interesting topic. - Although I only speak English and a few phrases in other languages, I understand more foreign language phrases than other people I know whom only speak English. I love language and enjoy listening to people speak with a variety of dialects, accents and vocabularies. If I don’t understand what is being said then I’ll politely ask for clarification. I don’t respond with “oh, you meant to say ” I thank them and now I know a new way to hear that word. I continue to speak in my way. What works for me is to speak how I would write the phrases, paying attention to grammar and context. I think mimicry is rude and condescending. Plus, I’m autistic and cannot always tell if the listener got what I was saying. - This is all about the age-old conflict between ‘us’ and ‘them’, and what the video explicitly states: power. Controlling communication through verbal and written language is no different than telling people what to think about and how to think it. - Words (and their variations) I enjoy hearing and being used: going to, gone to, want to, am not, vase, government, February, opossum, draw, drawer, drawing, tree, ask, orange, library, acclimate, commute, sandwich, isn’t it, gigabyte, harpsichord, aunt, what, this, that, baroque, aluminum, schedule, obvious, stir, darn, pawn, palm, chips, crisps, fries, wire, war, ward, lieutenant, colonel, acre, merry, marry, Mary, steer, stir, sure, shore, sheer, shear, share, shell, shale, shall, shawl… 🥹

[@appa609]

Yeah I've always been suspicious of ideological descriptivism. Language is not a natural thing it's a human tool and engineering makes tools better.

[@AnarchoGoober]

One of the major problems with prescriptivism is that it's often done from the top down and part of a system of domination and oppression. Prescriptivism would be relatively fine if it was consensually implemented by the speakers themselves on some platform of standardization, but it pretty much never is, and leads to many communities being negatively treated for speaking some non-standard version of a language. This alienates language from speakers and turns it into an appropriated tool of authoritarianism. Obviously, the people can still be bigoted or any number of negative things that lead to popular prescriptivism becoming a tool of oppression from one group to another, but those are problems too that can be resolved or lessened in severity. Anarchy doesn't mean chaos or without rules, it means of the people.

[@josephclayson2714]

This feels more like an argument for descriptivism in _written_ language rather than in spoken language, which is much more easily enforced via spell checkers and grades and whatnot. It's hard to imagine a way to enforce prescriptivism in the spoken word that doesn't feel dictatory (apart from large cultural shifts like you said towards the end), and it makes sense. All language though when used mostly for communication should be somewhat standardized, whereas when used mostly for self-expression shouldn't be.

[@gljames24]

Trying to avoid prescriptivism often just leads to an adhoc convention rather than a well-defined standard.

[@ArturRoncatoLopesCarvalho]

I only support prescriptivism because of pronunciation order. The most annoying thing to experience is to see the alphabet, see how the words sound, and then hear a word, only to find out that some letters of this word are silent and that they are silent based on history and not on a constant pattern. And making some words for foreigns hard to learn and to distinguish them because of the way they sound. “A knight, named Nite, at night beat Bhaet "the bat" with a bat for cheating in the bet" someone with little experience with English would have difficulty to understand this story if it was told for them.

[@chyza2012]

I really hate how redditor descriptivism evangelists don't realize it applies to lingusts studying a language, not the people speaking it. If a speaker group accepts there's one correct way of pronouncing something, and you insist they accept an alternate one, YOU are being a prescriptivist, you're prescribing to them how their language should work despite it working otherwise.

[@FairyCRat]

I don't really agree. If THEIR dialect only has one possible pronunciation of a certain word, then fine, no need to make them pronounce it differently. But just because they won't use any different pronunciation themselves, doesn't make it any less mean for them to correct speakers of other dialects if they use a different pronunciation, at least provided that they still understand the word.

[@xCorvus7x]

@@FairyCRat _Their_ dialect? What, would you try and start your own? If you double down on such a mistake, which no one would hold against someone who tries to learn the language, the problem is not the behaviour of those who've pointed it out to you. Obviously pointing out where someone misspoke isn't appropriate in literally every situation but it's certainly not _mean_ or any other kind of problem per se.

[@vampyricon7026]

@@FairyCRat >doesn't make it any less mean for them to correct speakers of other dialects The only one bringing up a different dialect here is you.

[@skyworm8006]

Not exactly. The existence of another pronunciation that needs correction means it's in the language and pointing that out is descriptive. It's absolutely not a random 'mistake' in an individual otherwise it would not even be worth mentioning. Usually people are taught something is wrong, coming from a single source (like a language authority or an institution's style guide). Such a source may only prescribe a guideline, or it may define or reinforce a standard dialect. But the way people speak on the whole and perceive to be correct/normal, may and often does disagree, in such cases it is usually just ignored. It's not so simple. What's correct and what's incorrect is complex and there is plenty of room for the speakers of a language as well as educated outsiders to discuss it and decide for themselves. In general though, there is a sense of correct and incorrect, so people are naturally prescriptive. This wasn't the case in the past though, the phenomenon clearly comes from being taught it. Though homogenisation of speech is definitely natural, where people are living together and needing to communicate, that is different to the very pedantic approach and sense of correct and incorrect, which has little utility for communication (because homogenisation already happens according to need) and denies any variation however slight.

[@skyworm8006]

@@vampyricon7026 If someone learnt to say a word differently then it is almost certainly not unique to them or new. People don't just say words randomly or make 'mistakes', that's not how differences in speech work, changes are rather slow, not coming from one person's invention, and often in reality rooted in established, old speech of a minority dialect entering the mainstream and becoming standard. So not even actual changes developing, such as a pronunciation changing because a weakened sound is lost entirely. Nothing wrong with a bit of prescriptivism, where reasonable (either way everyone is tending towards speaking the same), but you are being stupid and disingenuous.

[@jakobbauz]

As someone who has studied linguistics and teaches German as a foreign language professionally, I have always been full of cognitive dissonance each time I would correct one of my students (which is basically all I do all day long). So... sanx mayt!

[@petrutzel]

Not that related to the subject of the video but I encourage everyone to actually study the dprk because the claim at 5:50 is literally made up by radio free asia. You see this all the time and we are way more susceptible to propadanda than we would like to admit(and thats not a bad thing, it doesn't make you dumb or anything but it is something that should be kept in mind before taking ridiculous claims at their world), for example how the news alternate between it being either state mandated to have Kim's haircut or something that will get you killed. The dprk is not a utopian nation or anything and I do not mindlessly support it's actions as many people instantly think after hearing push back on false claims but it's far from he hell on earth that rfa and other cia funded organizations portray it. Again, I am not telling you what to think but encouraging you to actually form your own opinion because rfa for example is not a reliable source, all of their "research" is just "one or two anonymous people told us this" and hiding behind the claim that their families would be executed if their identities were public but would you accept this in any other context? Would me saying a friend of mine told me that in the usa they cut your fingers if trump doesn't like your nose? To give another example, in south Korea it is *literally* ilegal to praise the dprk, as in there is a law saying that you will be punished for doing so. If anything sounds absurd I HIGHLY encourage you to not take my word for it and to do the reading, fact check, try to apply the same standards to any other country you support and to nit dogmatically believe things

[@GabrielMartins-wp6ps]

The national security act in south korea was even uses to censor anti-capitalists parties in general, not just the ones that supports dprk