Indian - Portuguese War for Goa, December 1961

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History Class

History Class

3 жыл бұрын

In December 1961, India annexed the Portuguese Indian territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, after a short war with Portugal. The territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli were lost to the Indians in 1954. The ratio of forces was more than 1 to 10 in favor of the Indians, and after 2 days of conflict the Portuguese under Governor General Manuel António Vassalo e Silva decided to surrender to avoid unnecessary losses. After 451 years of rule, Portugal finally lost its Indian colonies, who were incorporated into the Republic of India. During the Indian invasion of Goa, Portugal was led by prime minister António de Oliveira Salazar, while India by prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
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Voice & editing: Nicolae Bondar (myself)
Music: Liquid Time by Aakash Gandhi, downloaded from KZbin Audio Library
Information Sources:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugu...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexat...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugu...
usiofindia.org/publication/us...
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Пікірлер: 528
@improbablynotahooman5782
@improbablynotahooman5782 2 жыл бұрын
Portugal: I'm a NATO member India: I'll pretend I didn't listen
@06.vineethdsouza80
@06.vineethdsouza80 2 жыл бұрын
NATO Jurisdiction doesn't apply over territories outside north Atlantic
@priyanshupokhriyal1677
@priyanshupokhriyal1677 2 жыл бұрын
@@06.vineethdsouza80 Yeah
@CrazeCreativesHQ
@CrazeCreativesHQ Жыл бұрын
What ? Natu ?
@rudhra5957
@rudhra5957 8 ай бұрын
​@@CrazeCreativesHQNatu Natu 🕺🕺
@improbablynotahooman5782
@improbablynotahooman5782 7 ай бұрын
I want the substance that you're on@drussk8808 Portugal was a founding member of NATO and joined NATO on 24 August 1949 with other founding members like the US, UK, France, Italy etc... The NATO deserted Portugal when it was facing a war with India in 1962 because of which Portugal had to surrender within 2 days of the war.
@sujithpillai1554
@sujithpillai1554 2 жыл бұрын
One more story behind this. May he forgot to mention in the above talk. On the way from Portugal to Goa , Portugal Navy ship was blocked by Egyptian Navy at Suez canal from the request of Indian PM Nehru to Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasar. That also a reason for them to surrender. Not Indian Army or Navy alone . We must say thanks to Egyptian Navy & also their ruler Gamal Abdul Nasar too.
@OFFICIALDJFLASHBACK
@OFFICIALDJFLASHBACK Жыл бұрын
Fun fact I did not know! Thanks for sharing!
@1mol831
@1mol831 Жыл бұрын
Technically not much the Portuguese could do against massive India army anyways. But probably did avoid unnecessary losses for both countries.
@declannewton2556
@declannewton2556 Жыл бұрын
Considering how much forces India gave to initial attack, no Portuguese reinforcement could even hope to retake it. Never mind the attacking force was only a fraction of India's true might.
@arunkris7299
@arunkris7299 Жыл бұрын
That is diplomacy,
@bhsnmurthy6486
@bhsnmurthy6486 Жыл бұрын
@sakbhu001
@sakbhu001 7 ай бұрын
Actually, the Portuguese governor of Goa asked Salazar just an year before the invasion to negotiate with Pakistan thru US diplomatic channel (since Pakistan was a member of SEATO) for Portugal to maintain a forward naval base in Karachi which can be used to deploy troops in case India invaded Goa. Also, he wanted Pakistan to open a front against India along its borders in case India launched its invasion of Goa. The governor even held gold reserves to finance Pakistan if it agreed. But as with most dictators Salazar had a mind of his own. It never occurred to him that a pacifist country like would would ever launch an invasion...Eventually, when the invasion was launched, the governer realized resistance was futile, but decided to get rid of the gold reserves he had.. He has his troops load them on 2 aircrafts and the planes managed to sneak out of goa under intense bombardment, to Karachi where they refuelled and continued onto Lisbon via UAE, Turkey, Italy. He ordered vhis troops to surrender, shortly thereafter..
@2945antonio
@2945antonio 6 ай бұрын
By the way, that gold was returned by Portugal , some years later, after relations were normalized, to the people of Goa, that is, to all those who had deposited their family jewels etc with the Bank (Banco National Ultramarino).
@nnbg8000
@nnbg8000 2 жыл бұрын
India didn't annex anything, India freed Gomantak people from Portuguese colonisation, a coloniser that was at that time ruled by a military dictatorship of Salazar.
@another8125
@another8125 2 жыл бұрын
then wouldnt liberation mean giving them an independent state as they wished?
@adamradziwill
@adamradziwill Жыл бұрын
sure, putin´s poodle, you didn´t exist in 16c., you are product of English men
@vegnes79
@vegnes79 Жыл бұрын
It's a annex bastard
@rudhra5957
@rudhra5957 8 ай бұрын
​@@another8125are you dumb or something ? They voted to join India
@abhilash9918
@abhilash9918 8 ай бұрын
​@@another8125independent state? Few elites demand an independent state so that they can exploit the resources. There was no widespread demand for independence.
@markaxworthy2508
@markaxworthy2508 7 ай бұрын
Clear, straightforward and concise. A model presentation.
@Artur_M.
@Artur_M. 3 жыл бұрын
I knew next to nothing about this topic. Interesting video!
@gi7867
@gi7867 3 ай бұрын
Sou brasileira e acho muito legal a parte da Índia que fala português!
@acg1970
@acg1970 9 ай бұрын
Muy buen trabajo. Había detalles que no conocía
@dharmapersona2084
@dharmapersona2084 2 жыл бұрын
The Liberation of Goa was very significant in defeating Western Imperialism from India.
@another8125
@another8125 2 жыл бұрын
Manderchaap, most of Goans fled the country soon after the invasion, Goans are christians NOT Hindus.
@xtreme7672
@xtreme7672 2 жыл бұрын
@@another8125 Goa is Hindu again with Hindu nationalist Bjp in power in Goa😅
@PaxPinanceMinstr
@PaxPinanceMinstr 2 жыл бұрын
@@another8125 seems like this gobar is from paxstan,lool shew,shew,flee stray dogs😂💩🇵🇰💩
@juice8431
@juice8431 2 жыл бұрын
@@xtreme7672 Goa is Goa.
@xtreme7672
@xtreme7672 2 жыл бұрын
@@juice8431 goa is hindu goa
@pooranoutar563
@pooranoutar563 7 ай бұрын
I am of Indian and Portuguese origin. They make the most beautiful kids 😅
@dadaradabada6928
@dadaradabada6928 5 ай бұрын
brown dad white mom?
@tinyspeaker
@tinyspeaker 4 ай бұрын
​@@dadaradabada6928the only combo that should be allowed
@Rozco99
@Rozco99 2 ай бұрын
90% of the world do not agree with you lol.
@TagusMan
@TagusMan Ай бұрын
​@@Rozco99 Maybe because 90% of the world is ugly? Ugly people hate beautiful things.
@lakshminarayanankrishnamur6759
@lakshminarayanankrishnamur6759 7 ай бұрын
The fact that the Iron Man of India, Patel died in 1951 helped Portugal to hold on to their possessions till 1961. While it took Patel less than a year after Independence to capture Hyderabad, it took Nehru around 14 years to get back its area occupied by Portugal. The reason is that while Patel depended on our own strength, Nehru was looking towards the International Community to liberate Goa.
@tiwaringp
@tiwaringp 7 ай бұрын
Idiotic interpretation. It took time because a then powerful foreign government was involved and had a huge military presence. Princely states, on the other hand, were local rulers having no military power to speak of, with exception of Hyderabad which, too, was taken care of in a short police action.
@shebinps3247
@shebinps3247 7 ай бұрын
Portugal was a NATO memberand it had huge international support from european countries. Any misadventure from nehru without proper planning and international consultation would have resulted in a disaster.
@lakshminarayanankrishnamur6759
@lakshminarayanankrishnamur6759 7 ай бұрын
Despite the NATO membership and Portugal being a very powerful (?) country, it took hardly any time and effort when Goa was taken. It is always easy come out with theoretical excuses for lack of will
@tiwaringp
@tiwaringp 7 ай бұрын
Just as it's easy to second guess a prime minister 60 years later..
@shebinps3247
@shebinps3247 7 ай бұрын
@@tiwaringp Our country depended on US PL480 wheat scheme to feed our population. We were not today's food self sufficient india but a poor country begging to world for food rations. People don't realise the enormous challenges nehru had to face when he started his government
@nsdlsarn
@nsdlsarn 6 ай бұрын
Perguntem a muitos Goences o porque de ainda hoje quererem ser Portugueses!
@KirtiMukh
@KirtiMukh 3 ай бұрын
Keep crying with your fake data 😂
@cprow0997
@cprow0997 3 жыл бұрын
Very underrated channel
@normalhuman6260
@normalhuman6260 2 жыл бұрын
Liberation of Goa was the final step in eradicating colonialism from the subcontinent. The native Konkani language and culture now thrives in Goa and northern Karnataka without orders from some far off European land where the level of racism depends on who is ruling there.
@jfarinhote
@jfarinhote Жыл бұрын
That would have been so true if Europe wouldn't have been flooded by millions of immigrants from all over the world.
@darkman11111
@darkman11111 11 ай бұрын
Now goa has become russian coloney.....
@crystalbulldog
@crystalbulldog 7 ай бұрын
​@@darkman11111haven't seen such ignorant and immature comment on internet since ages. 😅
@TroyPereira1RO
@TroyPereira1RO 7 ай бұрын
​@@darkman11111it has become propoganda.
@barron8006
@barron8006 6 ай бұрын
You can take the yamaka off and expand your mind. The invasion was extremely unpopular in goa, with tens of thousands moving to Portugal. There was even a resistance movement in the 1960s. India had to demographically displace the goans with immigration. Goa is older than india by 400 years. It avoided un resolution ms because the American delegation was boycotting the security council at the time and the Soviets blocked action.
@tvoommen4688
@tvoommen4688 7 ай бұрын
Actually, soviet veto at UN relieved India of international pressure. Leonid Breshnev, Soviet president justified the veto stating that colonialism days are over. Chinese media mocked Nehru telling it is a victory over the smallest colonialist.
@Gr8putin
@Gr8putin 7 ай бұрын
That shows how crooked Chinese are
@user-bc4sx5fl6k
@user-bc4sx5fl6k 6 ай бұрын
Brezhnev wasnt presiden of the USSR
@sajeevravirajan9412
@sajeevravirajan9412 7 ай бұрын
Portuguese destroyed our heritage sites in Srilanka 😡
@Alfablue227
@Alfablue227 24 күн бұрын
Yes and you destroyed our sailors and settlers; I say we are even. Get over yourselves and accept history for what it is! The Romans, Muslims and others also invaded Portuguese territory, rapped, pillaged, took our gold and not only, yet we are not here thumb sucking and accusing them of wrong doing. Neither are you here confronting Russians, Americans or Israelis over their wrong doings today! I am so damn tired of all your victimization sob stories! The world is full os such stories! Accept it for what they were. You were no daisies yourselves! Geez...
@bibekdas7449
@bibekdas7449 Жыл бұрын
Wow Interesting
@chadboros7768
@chadboros7768 7 ай бұрын
Alexander didn’t capture anything in India.
@kadamaniy1997
@kadamaniy1997 7 ай бұрын
In 1510 it was potugal that came for trade with Hindu Kings ruling goa region later invaded , converted Hindus forcefully and imposed heavy taxes on those non converted. Thousands of Hindus were thrown out of mainland goa across margao river and many killed. Pope then, ordered Portuguese kings to rule goa, enjoy the prosperity and wealth when Portugal region was full of war,vrapes & killings. Portugal moved it's arms, ammunitions and many citizens to goa , the wealth of Hindu Kings were plundered and shipped to their chests. They built huge churches, removed many temples which otherwise full of brahmins. Such prosperous Hindu land was Invaded by Portugal and you shamelessly say it's potugal colony and India has annexed. If it had been the original Hindu land as before it would have joined India anyway. So don't fool and lie and distort history. Your story won't fit even in Disney cartoon.
@user-vg6wt3un9r
@user-vg6wt3un9r 7 ай бұрын
Where did you learn your history? The Portuguese were never interested in Goa. They were fighting with the Zamorin in Kerala, when Timoja Naik and Mhalu Pai invited them to come to Goa. Goa was not ruled by Hindu kings but by Adil Shah. The Hindus provided all the help to the Portuguese and after the Portuguese defeated the Adil Shahi army, the Hindus paraded Afonso de Albuquerque in a palanquin in the Capital city of Old Goa.
@eklips661
@eklips661 7 ай бұрын
go and search in wikipedia about destroying hindu temples in goa by portugese. when did muslim rulers came to india , in 12th century. who do u think ruled that place before that time period. search the line "goa inquisition" in wikipedia.@@user-vg6wt3un9r
@tripurasundari8458
@tripurasundari8458 6 ай бұрын
Goan people suffered inhuman atrocities at the hands of worthless looters ,the Portugese
@flaviopitanga65
@flaviopitanga65 6 ай бұрын
Portugal should never ever take India any way. Go India ❤
@valentinr.dominguez2892
@valentinr.dominguez2892 6 ай бұрын
India did not exist back then. There were several kingdoms at that time on the subcontinent.
@migueldias1616
@migueldias1616 6 ай бұрын
e só mais um brasileiro ressentido @@valentinr.dominguez2892
@stelluspereira
@stelluspereira 7 ай бұрын
Not sure what is the source of historical records?! Hope you can clarify
@michelnowe7783
@michelnowe7783 7 ай бұрын
What is the purpose of the loud music ? Did you listen to your video ? Do you really think that loud music helps to understand the video ??? If I would want to have music while listening to a video, I would prefer to choose my music myself.
@karimhabsi6508
@karimhabsi6508 7 ай бұрын
India annexed? You mean India liberated its land from Portuguese occupation. It’s funny how when non western nations liberate their land it is annexing, when western countries liberate their land it is liberation.
@TagusMan
@TagusMan Ай бұрын
Agreed. So when will India liberate the Andaman islands? The British left decades ago yet India has continued the colonial legacy. Why is that?
@DhSK.22
@DhSK.22 20 күн бұрын
​@@TagusMan We won't what can you do about it other than crying like a bitch?
@samsmith2635
@samsmith2635 Жыл бұрын
Portugal, how you have fallen... Masters of the Sea, fierce fighters, humbled by bureaucracy and centuries of decay.
@jfarinhote
@jfarinhote Жыл бұрын
Empires dont last forever. Roman empire is a good example why would Portugal be different
@Tethloach1
@Tethloach1 Жыл бұрын
@@jfarinhote exceptions exist: Briton - eternal Rome - eternal Greeks - eternal China - eternal
@jfarinhote
@jfarinhote Жыл бұрын
@@Tethloach1 all those empires are gone
@rudhra5957
@rudhra5957 8 ай бұрын
I mean they did managed to take away Brazil of its culture and language before they died.
@Zamo14
@Zamo14 8 ай бұрын
In comparison to who??All other Empires??your own country?? Whats new under the sun
@lafayettemoreira4423
@lafayettemoreira4423 7 ай бұрын
Nehru knew what he was doing. A shrewd polititian who stroke at the right time in the right place.
@santanodcosta3360
@santanodcosta3360 6 ай бұрын
Nehru dug the graves for Goans and Modi burried them alive.
@ajitnandakumar
@ajitnandakumar 7 ай бұрын
When did Alexander conquer India??
@rohitchavan7117
@rohitchavan7117 3 ай бұрын
Never
@norbertpires1518
@norbertpires1518 7 ай бұрын
I wonder if a referendum was held after annexation of Goa what would the results be.
@barron8006
@barron8006 6 ай бұрын
The portugués goans would have won and India would have invaded anyway. The west was already self loathing and decadent by then.
@anirban5262
@anirban5262 2 жыл бұрын
If Portugal gave goa equal status of Portugal proper just like overseas French departments right now, independence or forced ousting didn't happen,,, but Portugal forcefully retained goa..
@travelingprince1160
@travelingprince1160 Жыл бұрын
I am from Goa if Portugal gave same status like Goa we also not join Goa because we're the part of India from thousand of years Portuguese just came 1510 but we're the integral part of India..our country is great india...we are Indian
@travelingprince1160
@travelingprince1160 Жыл бұрын
Goa was a part of India before Portugal known as a country...in our ancient book it is clearly written land between Himalayas in north & sea in South is the land of BHARAT (India),aryavart (old name of India).
@anirban5262
@anirban5262 Жыл бұрын
@@travelingprince1160 entendi ❤
@anirban5262
@anirban5262 Жыл бұрын
@@travelingprince1160 do you know portuguese? Fala e sabe o português?
@traveljunkieleonardo3679
@traveljunkieleonardo3679 Жыл бұрын
😂India is a joke nowadays being a Goan
@KunalSingh-kq9tk
@KunalSingh-kq9tk 2 жыл бұрын
Brave enough only to fire at unarmed peaceful protestors. The moment Indian army arrived they turned tail and ran lol. Anyways they must have loved prison.
@Fakeslimshady
@Fakeslimshady 6 ай бұрын
Unarmed only for international cameras. The moment you have army you invaded others lol.
@aguy3953
@aguy3953 4 ай бұрын
@@Fakeslimshady can you not read? he is talking about the unarmed protestors not the indian armed forces
@Fakeslimshady
@Fakeslimshady 4 ай бұрын
@@aguy3953 Can you not read? I was talkin about Gandhi and those brainwashed by him lol
@amyth3827
@amyth3827 7 ай бұрын
India never Annexed Goa. Portugal Annexed Goa which was part of India.
@valentinr.dominguez2892
@valentinr.dominguez2892 6 ай бұрын
When the Portuguese arrived at the subcontinent, India did not exist. There were several kingdoms back then.
@Alfablue227
@Alfablue227 4 ай бұрын
Nope there was no India back then, there was a Sultanate which wared😢 against and the Portuguese won Goan territory and more.😊
@janitoalevic
@janitoalevic 2 ай бұрын
India didn't existed as a political entity before, lol
@DhSK.22
@DhSK.22 20 күн бұрын
​@janitoalevic India aka Bharat existed although not as an unified nation but as a culture we are one. We are one civilization even before Yaweh's dad injected semen inside Yaweh's mom's vagaina.
@armana1
@armana1 6 ай бұрын
Bravo India
@anikdas6883
@anikdas6883 7 ай бұрын
Portuguese did not surrender to avoid unnecessary losses...they didn't have any choice...
@atyanthdutt6632
@atyanthdutt6632 2 жыл бұрын
We should remember Tristão de Bragança Cunha also known as Father of goan nationalism. He and several others played an important role in driving out the foreigners. Let's also remember Alfred Afonso, Mark Fernandez and mitra bai.
@Prem-uh1hu
@Prem-uh1hu 9 ай бұрын
This is a history lesson on the importance of a stronger military as compared to the opposition
@frank-ko6de
@frank-ko6de 7 ай бұрын
yes, indeed, all the Europeans understand is force. They literally acquired land and wealth through force in never ending wars hence the reason why their territories is constantly changing. To expect diplomacy in discussions with developing countries is laughable and naive, hence they way they sided with their aggressors against the likes of the Chinese, Vietnamese, Indians and Ethiopia. They understand only a punch in the mouth, and India rightfully applied the rightful punch in their mouths, which caused them to immediately quit like the usual cowards they have always been.
@maxibennymicas
@maxibennymicas 6 ай бұрын
Times have changed. Now an Indian is Prime Minister of Portugal and Indian immigrants are crowding peacefully Portuguese cities as cheap labour.
@ivanildo328
@ivanildo328 3 жыл бұрын
CONGRATULATIONS FROM BRAZIL
@ranjithtp6204
@ranjithtp6204 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you Amigo
@tonylove4800
@tonylove4800 7 ай бұрын
Non-event sums this up nicely. Not the video - that's good. Just the event's significance.
@deserteagle4503
@deserteagle4503 9 ай бұрын
Great work by honarable and brave home minister of india 🇮🇳vallabhbhai Patel🦾🗿
@RG-un2vl
@RG-un2vl 7 ай бұрын
It’s Portugal that annexed Goa from India as a colony;not India that annexed Goa from Portugal. Goa is part of the Indian mainland. It is part of India, and it has always been part of India. This is not some colony in a neutral location that the two countries were fighting over. The Portuguese traveled 6000 miles to seize land from India of the time by subjugating its local population by violence(Goa inquisition)
@galabaga
@galabaga 7 ай бұрын
There was no “India” when the Portuguese fought for possession of and occupied Goa.
@RG-un2vl
@RG-un2vl 7 ай бұрын
@@galabaga that's a fairy tale used to justify colonization.Bharat/ Bharatvarsha sound familiar?Its vividly described( if one cares to read) in old Vedic texts as an geographical and cultural identity. Also by your logic there was no UK and Portugal either because countries did not exist as sovereign entities before the 17th century( result of the 30 year religious war between Protestants and Catholics in Germany and the resulting treaty of Westphalia as better sense prevailed eventually).By that time India was already under occupation. Please do not just copy paste opinions that have been fed to us for brainwashing purposes.
@RG-un2vl
@RG-un2vl 7 ай бұрын
@@galabaga Goa was occupied since ancient times by Bharatiya natives till the Portuguese seized it and declared it their land.unfortunately a mere declaration does not make it their's;whatever they might believe.They traveled 7000 miles to attack and appropriate foreign land by force.Last time I checked that was the definition of colonization 🙄
@royaloakstudios6022
@royaloakstudios6022 7 ай бұрын
The Mughal empire was not India
@JG-qy6fe
@JG-qy6fe 6 ай бұрын
@@galabaga then where to was vasco de gama the plunderer wanted to sail to?
@sagarnehra2981
@sagarnehra2981 7 ай бұрын
It's crazy that a foreign colonizer illegally occupied another country's territory and refused to let it go
@saraswatkin9226
@saraswatkin9226 7 ай бұрын
You mean like Israel and Gaza, Britain and its overseas territories and India and Nepal and Kashmire?
@sagarnehra2981
@sagarnehra2981 7 ай бұрын
@@saraswatkin9226 Kashmire, please write properly it shows you don't know anything about it but want to start a keyboard fight shame!!!! Do you know what foreign means SHAME ON you
@Alfablue227
@Alfablue227 4 ай бұрын
Illegally? The other way around. Goa was not Indian in 1500 get ur facts correct B4 talking nonsense
@sagarnehra2981
@sagarnehra2981 4 ай бұрын
@@saraswatkin9226 hahaha 😂 logic died here, Kashmire it's 😂 Kashmire, and Even Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar we're part of India, it got divided by the British
@sagarnehra2981
@sagarnehra2981 4 ай бұрын
@@Alfablue227 Yes illegally occupied by Portuguese
@Tamilwintube
@Tamilwintube 6 ай бұрын
👌🤝
@zerodrigo74
@zerodrigo74 6 ай бұрын
Isso foi um aviso. Salazar não entendeu que o mundo mudou. Mesmo assim não fez uma descolonização lenta na África. Deu no que deu, retornados e guerra civil.
@kalathiaga
@kalathiaga 7 ай бұрын
Well, Britain was able to keep Falklands. Don't cry, Argentina
@somwangphulsombat8468
@somwangphulsombat8468 Жыл бұрын
China took the diplomatic and negotiated with Portugal to return Macau to China peacefully in 1999.
@akp3097
@akp3097 9 ай бұрын
India did same with france in 1956. Portugal refused for 11 years and killed indian finagerman and gave india chance to take back forcefully.
@Edward4Plantagenet
@Edward4Plantagenet 7 ай бұрын
Inquisition of Goa by Christian missionaries is also something to read about.
@pauloroberto8324
@pauloroberto8324 6 ай бұрын
Portugal não deveria perde esse território, esse território é português muito antes da Índia se formar como estado.
@dannysajeff
@dannysajeff Ай бұрын
Estou concordo com você.
@familygaming6981
@familygaming6981 24 күн бұрын
​@@dannysajeffGoa a beautiful state in india with many beaches and famous for tourism .portuguese ruled goa for 451 years .until it got independence .we still follow portugal tradition like carnivals every year n portuguese sweets at christmas times .love from goa ,some say tht some goans ancestors were from portugals .as portuguese were rulling .
@anirban5262
@anirban5262 2 жыл бұрын
One reason of india attacking Portugal might be that Portugal cooperated with Pakistan against india.... And obviously natives of goa wanted to be incorporated into newly independent india... Otherwise goa may become another developed part of the world just like macau 🇲🇴 and might be exchanged peacefully without bloodshed..
@exurgemars
@exurgemars 2 жыл бұрын
The point was, in a post-colonial age, Portuguese were trying hard to justify their own colonialism. India was at the forefront of the anti-colonial struggle in the Third World. Would've been best if Portugal had taken the cue from France in 1954, and peacefully left.
@anirban5262
@anirban5262 2 жыл бұрын
@@exurgemars yeah the French path was also justified... Colonial macau became more developed than independent indian goa.... Last of all, while india drove out Portugal from goa, but at the same time, it lost pok and aksai from Pakistan n China... It's a shame for us,
@souradeepdas7111
@souradeepdas7111 2 жыл бұрын
@@anirban5262 Goa was and is a part of India, the Portuguese were colonizer, destined to be driven out. There is no need to show any soft corner for external powers, secondly there was no bloodshed when Portugese were driven out from the part of India, they surrendered to the Indian army. Macau is a Chinese administrave region, and India can't afford to keep a territory of such strategic importance under foreign dominion. Moreover, proper nouns start with capital letters, like, India.
@anirban5262
@anirban5262 2 жыл бұрын
@@souradeepdas7111 it's true that India can't afford to make retain its territory in foreign hands... On the same time losing large parts of kashmir from China n Pakistan reluctantly (obviously nehru's fault) and donating cocos islands to burma also very much disappointing for that time govt.... Macau became Chinese special administrative region on 1997, much later than goan independence,, and without any war and bloodshed,,,, and also still macau is much more developed than goa,, despite of later independence
@souradeepdas7111
@souradeepdas7111 2 жыл бұрын
@@anirban5262 India is also ahead in the development index compared to Bangladesh, it means we should not have left Bangladesh when we won the war against Pakistan. Coco island is being used by the Chinese now to develop its strategic assets, we couldn't afford Goa to be used against India too. The population of Goa is genealogically Indian, so don't use the term "capture" or "annex", its just that Goa became part of the larger motherland. We do not need any foreigners' "civilizing missions" .
@unnikrishnanmenon4178
@unnikrishnanmenon4178 6 ай бұрын
What about General KANDOTH ...No mention . about him .I still remmember the day....iwas at my college days .....
@MrJovision
@MrJovision 6 ай бұрын
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, or Massacre of Amritsar, (1919) Incident in which British troops killed several hundred unarmed Indian protesters. In 1919 the British government of India enacted the Rowlatt Acts, extending its World War I emergency powers to combat subversive activities. On April 13 a large crowd gathered in an open space known as the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in the Punjab region to protest the measures; troops opened fire, killing some 379 and wounding about 1,200. The massacre permanently scarred relations between India and Britain and was the prelude to Mahatma Gandhi’s noncooperation movement of 1920-22.
@RafiOmar83
@RafiOmar83 7 ай бұрын
I never understood why the Portuguese decided on this route: both the British and the French gave up their claims to Indian territories amicably. Why were the Portuguese so stubborn?
@lukewarm6369
@lukewarm6369 7 ай бұрын
It made them important or feel important And they didn't to how to adjust and realign in those times. They didn't see the writing in the wall and couldn't accept it if you told them. Basically
@antoniomanuelpires
@antoniomanuelpires 6 ай бұрын
Porque em Portugal existia uma ditadura...nacionalista. Portanto contra qualquer ideia de separação
@sushimmukerji515
@sushimmukerji515 6 ай бұрын
I know Goanese Christians living in the US who behave as if they are not Indians. They are the only Indians , I noticed, who visit Portugal during vacation time. Americans think they are Indians; they don't think so. Oh well !
@DhSK.22
@DhSK.22 20 күн бұрын
6kka aaurat se zyada mataq ta hain 😂
@user-dx2ch7up5p
@user-dx2ch7up5p 7 ай бұрын
Indian emperor Chandragupta Maurya defeated Seleucus I Nicator the macedonian Greek emperor and successor of Alexander and then married his daughter Helena.
@eltonmenezes
@eltonmenezes 6 ай бұрын
1961, was the saddest part in Goa's history. Viva Portugal
@suyashsrivastava9665
@suyashsrivastava9665 5 ай бұрын
Yeah ever saw documentaries about locals. We celebrated liberation of Goa.
@eltonmenezes
@eltonmenezes 5 ай бұрын
@@suyashsrivastava9665excuse me, I’m a local of Goa my family has lived for over 500+ years
@suyashsrivastava9665
@suyashsrivastava9665 5 ай бұрын
@@eltonmenezes Oh are you one of those portuguese who never left as the locals were thankful to be independent again. Don't you know civilian protest against portuguese rule in modern times had started as early as 20th century and most of the times were doused with mass murders. In 1955 almost 50 locals were executed publicly by portuguese which put them in limelight in Indian media. It is unfortunate that there are people like you also in this country who prefer slavery over liberations.
@famous_rapper_from_japan
@famous_rapper_from_japan Ай бұрын
​@@eltonmenezes local of Goa❌ Portuguese in Goa✔️
@johnsanjuan7546
@johnsanjuan7546 7 ай бұрын
Indian State of Goa! Hippies Paradise.
@thedarknight5714
@thedarknight5714 5 ай бұрын
Great video, but please don't use the Brazilian dialect of Portuguese when making videos about our great nation. PT. P.S.: It would be comparable to using the Ebonical dialect of English when speaking about the 13 colonies of the USA.
@HistoryandHeadlines
@HistoryandHeadlines 3 жыл бұрын
It's amazing how long Portugal retained control of this territory!
@HistoryClass
@HistoryClass 3 жыл бұрын
If India had not intervened, I am curious if they gave up this territory in 1974 as in Africa. Maybe it would have remained a Portuguese territory even today.
@HistoryandHeadlines
@HistoryandHeadlines 3 жыл бұрын
@@HistoryClass Maybe it'd be a nice what if collab to do with AlternateHistoryHub or something?
@exurgemars
@exurgemars 2 жыл бұрын
@@HistoryClass India's actions in Goa actually accelerated anti-colonial movements throughout the third world. I'm usually a very pro-West guy, but the West did little to facilitate the struggle against apartheid and colonialism around that time imo. While, Soviet Union with its core socialist principles approached the situation better even if it was a part of a grander plan.
@rdj2640
@rdj2640 2 жыл бұрын
@@HistoryClass They are lucky who never faced Sardar Patel and Indira bitches.
@sasmalprasanjit2764
@sasmalprasanjit2764 Жыл бұрын
@@Abhinav_Sengupta lol, Well .. Answer is NO. 😂😂
@arnoessler3549
@arnoessler3549 6 ай бұрын
The province of Goa was a rose flower outside the territory of India. But that is gone since then.
@borja1000
@borja1000 7 ай бұрын
A wonderful tale of pacifism by India. They never dared to do it to any other power holding land in the region. They knew they'd likely win. Now, an admirable sight to see in Goa is the long line of people going around the portuguese consulate with people trying to get Portuguese citizenship or visa so they can get the hell out of there.
@Gr8putin
@Gr8putin 7 ай бұрын
But Portugal itself is issuing golden visas it’s not a. Illegal entry
@borja1000
@borja1000 7 ай бұрын
@@Gr8putin No one said anything about illegal entries since India's entry in Goa.
@JG-qy6fe
@JG-qy6fe 6 ай бұрын
@borja nice try to defend portugese colonialism, slave trade and untold atrocities for over 500 years. Ur dreams died long ago 😅
@borja1000
@borja1000 6 ай бұрын
@@JG-qy6fe never have I defended colonialism, the slave trade or any type of atrocity in that or any other circumstance. It may just be that you have such a strong colonised complex that those things immediately popped in your mind, blinding you to my point. But I just don't you.
@rajeevajgaonkar4152
@rajeevajgaonkar4152 6 ай бұрын
All i know is that Portugal had illegally occupied/captured indian territory in the 14th century. Yes some so-called 'indian' people were responsible for their entry into goa to relieve the locals from 'muslim tyranny'. The rest is history. If at a later stage,this land is taken back by india, why should it rub a set of people the wrong way? And whatever faith one follows today, remember the forced conversions and the atrocities. Goa today is a result of its own doings, politicians turning chameleons and people still voting them to power. If people are intent on leaving goa, or india, they may well do so. But the greener pastures of Portugal and europe will not last forever.
@somwangphulsombat8468
@somwangphulsombat8468 Жыл бұрын
If India was a communist nation, many Indian would take refuge in Goa like Hong Kong and Macau.
@sachinsingh5329
@sachinsingh5329 7 ай бұрын
Portugal 🇵🇹 never existed when Akhand Bharat empire was formed 😂😂
@ivanildo328
@ivanildo328 3 жыл бұрын
HI , LET ME ASK YOU . DOES ANYONE WHO SPEAK PORTUGUESE THERE
@atyanthdutt6632
@atyanthdutt6632 2 жыл бұрын
Yuck
@LucasRodrigues-ef4un
@LucasRodrigues-ef4un 2 жыл бұрын
I think that many people can speak portuguese yet
@prathappoojary3618
@prathappoojary3618 2 жыл бұрын
No buddy they talk kokni ... And kokni hs many Portugese words .. thats it .
@sasmalprasanjit2764
@sasmalprasanjit2764 Жыл бұрын
Lol, No.. They speak their Native language : konkani.. Not Portuguese
@onegalaxyplay
@onegalaxyplay Жыл бұрын
@@sasmalprasanjit2764 No many still speak portugese
@au-delabattleworld9051
@au-delabattleworld9051 Ай бұрын
Alexander never conquered India. At the time, India was the Nanda Empire, Alexander never reached it, he just defeated an isolated kingdom.
@crystalbulldog
@crystalbulldog 7 ай бұрын
Right said by somene in another video that Portugal was living in mediaeval age and was behaving too like that. And all this drama for what? Surrendering in two days? Lol. Made a fool out of itself in front if the whole world. Tested India's patience too much.
@jamaldn75
@jamaldn75 Жыл бұрын
Amazing news. India is too brave to do this operation. I doubt China was strong too but why they don't dare to free Macau. Why china wait untill 99 years.
@anomalianomali5080
@anomalianomali5080 Жыл бұрын
Portugal proposed Macau's handover to China in 1978. The Chinese government rejected this proposal,
@amukherjee9514
@amukherjee9514 7 ай бұрын
​@@anomalianomali5080why did they reject?
@Westbrown9322
@Westbrown9322 Жыл бұрын
Don't mess with india... Dear Portugal
@171_indranildutta6
@171_indranildutta6 6 ай бұрын
becoz they r christains @@johnjose3915
@DavidPereira-ot2xi
@DavidPereira-ot2xi 6 ай бұрын
Cada vez gosto mais da revolução dos cravos, a partir daí foi tudo flores côr de rosa e pouco falta para a Índia tomar a terra de Camões (tem como adversários os Mulçúmanos)
@luminousfields9382
@luminousfields9382 6 ай бұрын
My father served in this grand send-off of the Portuguese from Indian lands. Strange to say India "annexed" Portse land. Indians suffered greatly under their occupation.
@mitchyoung93
@mitchyoung93 7 ай бұрын
India didn't exist when the Portugese established their control over Goa. Likewise it didn't exist when Britain established control over what they called India. India is in fact a British creation.
@eklips661
@eklips661 7 ай бұрын
nope
@36736
@36736 7 ай бұрын
Like Muslims created Spain and Portugal?
@Fakeslimshady
@Fakeslimshady 6 ай бұрын
@@eklips661 yes
@rohitchavan7117
@rohitchavan7117 3 ай бұрын
Lol, the source of your information is hearse. A simple Google search will clear your misconception. India existed well before 10000 BC
@ashutoshsharma7923
@ashutoshsharma7923 3 ай бұрын
It existed as the single most richest, civilized part of the world at that time when your ancestors were living in caves.
@MultiShreejan
@MultiShreejan 2 жыл бұрын
Robbers Rob in their country not in India, 800 years of slavery from mugal, Portugal and British, robbed everything, divided the nation India, Pakistanand Bangladesh, but still India 🇮🇳, we are strong
@dharmorakshatirakshitah4729
@dharmorakshatirakshitah4729 2 жыл бұрын
not only strong, we rank 4th position in military strength
@davidedbrooke9324
@davidedbrooke9324 2 жыл бұрын
There was no India until the British forged it.
@cnationtv8282
@cnationtv8282 2 жыл бұрын
india never existed before 1947 my friend ! it was just a subcontinent ruled by different colonial powers ! the dominion of india became the republic of India ! india was never 1 country it just looked like in the map ! Goa is and was a Portuguese property ! love and respect Portugal from Pakistan !
@davidedbrooke9324
@davidedbrooke9324 2 жыл бұрын
@@cnationtv8282 nope you Should be thanking Britain.
@cnationtv8282
@cnationtv8282 2 жыл бұрын
@@davidedbrooke9324 my friend your fool to think that Muslims needed the British to make a separate nation but we ruled the subcontinent for 800 years before the british empire and we ruled all this huge subcontinent with our own muscles and our own power despite being a minority we formed giant empires look at our history in subcontinent !
@kunalroy9735
@kunalroy9735 Жыл бұрын
36 hours operation Vijay
@musicmania1959
@musicmania1959 7 ай бұрын
The liberation could have been handled better. Defence minister Menon single handled caused the death of 100,000plus of our braves in the Chinese war. He broke the policy of policy of Ahimsa. This gave the Chinese cause and passage to attack full scale. Goa was small gain vs enormous loss with the chinese
@GamingproAk16
@GamingproAk16 Жыл бұрын
Goa is developing day by day soon Goa is highly developed Indian government and private Indian companies and other also invested there a very very large amount Goa has no poor Goa is developed today
@traveljunkieleonardo3679
@traveljunkieleonardo3679 Жыл бұрын
we don’t have much slum areas
@user-bc4sx5fl6k
@user-bc4sx5fl6k 6 ай бұрын
I met quite a few people from Goa, all Catholic with Portuguese names. None call himself Indian, all hated India
@Alfablue227
@Alfablue227 4 ай бұрын
Exactly, because India unlawfully invaded Portuguese held territory with it's own social , cultural and ethnic mix and made it the great mess it is now! All in the name of development. No wonder most left and are loved by all Portuguese here.
@ashutoshsharma7923
@ashutoshsharma7923 3 ай бұрын
​@@Alfablue227Goans literally voted to be a part of India. We will never allow Abrahamic cults to thrive in our land. Anyways, we should forget the past as Portugal is insignificant in the world stage.
@Alfablue227
@Alfablue227 3 ай бұрын
@@ashutoshsharma7923 Insignificant? So "insignificant" world history cannot be told without our participation in creating it. And pray tell what is India significant for? A one billion million open air sewer of miserable beggars that immigrate everywhere, invade other lands, and claim to be "big" because they worship cows and have nuclear warheads? Spare me!! After visiting India 3 times, forgive me for stating the truth, and never say never, after all, in today's India's Abrahamic religions thrive in many areas and not just, because it is the world biggest religiin. So please...be quiet and go study some about Portugal...and the rest of the world while ur at it.
@familygaming6981
@familygaming6981 24 күн бұрын
Im a goan christian ,now goa is a indian state .portugal ruled for 450 years in goa so portugal tradition like carnivals r performed every year .portuguese sweets .
@familygaming6981
@familygaming6981 24 күн бұрын
​@@Alfablue227do ull portuguese consider us goans also portuguese ?? Btw i like portugal national team siiu ronaldo ❤
@premiumquality3994
@premiumquality3994 6 ай бұрын
Portuguese invaded Goa with 1200 soldiers and defended it 500 years later by 3200 troops 😂 they didnt deserve Goa it was a miracle how portugal had so many colonies everywhere
@Joppan101
@Joppan101 6 ай бұрын
It should a good story. Why its not come as a movie.
@bajiraogujar1
@bajiraogujar1 Ай бұрын
Portuguese occupied Goa from the Adilshah of Bijapur, the Bhonsles of Sawantwadi and the Nayakas of Sonda. "India liberated an Indian Goa that was occupied by the Europeans"✅
@pittu1breeze
@pittu1breeze 7 ай бұрын
Alexander didn't conquer India
@ronalddino6370
@ronalddino6370 2 жыл бұрын
Talk about Vietnam war And Japanese Chinese war
@flnamechange
@flnamechange 8 ай бұрын
Perhaps Portugal would want to give a portion of coastal area to India, revert people to original religion, give people freedom to vote, and so on.
@apocthinker6460
@apocthinker6460 8 ай бұрын
We love our original religion (Christianity). Its one of the greatest things ever happened to us. Hopefully, whole of India will profess Jesus Christ as the one & only True God one fine day.
@flnamechange
@flnamechange 8 ай бұрын
@@apocthinker6460 LoL WHY TALK SELECTIVE. YOUR RELIGION WAS PROSECUTING HINDUS IN INDIA. GOA WAS LIBERATED. IF YOU DON'T HAVE RATIONAL REPLY DO NOT HIDE BEHIND RELIGION.
@apocthinker6460
@apocthinker6460 8 ай бұрын
@@flnamechange My religion (Christianity) had no role in it, because it does not preach to murder, in the first place. What people do or act, is people's problem. The Portuguese imposed the Inquisition, upon the King's orders. It had a political motive rather than a religious one. You seem heavily misinformed and I bet 100% the evil RSS mindset has crept up on you, because they want India to be a purely Hindu nation and some of Indian citizens also want it.
@apocthinker6460
@apocthinker6460 8 ай бұрын
@@flnamechange I am not hiding behind anything. I am just telling you the facts as they are. If you choose bigotry instead of acceptance, bias will creep in and change facts to fiction anyways. Make the right choice!
@plusultra7258
@plusultra7258 7 ай бұрын
Goa was never Christianity as a whole before colonization. They used to follow Hindu religion and the locals were Konkani people.@@apocthinker6460
@nitudada1
@nitudada1 7 ай бұрын
Nehru was against the takeover of Goa.
@krishnakumarsawant8013
@krishnakumarsawant8013 6 ай бұрын
Very true.
@avitee5308
@avitee5308 6 ай бұрын
Listen, no European country should have any part of India. You took advantage of the advantages you had in a unique period of time. But that time is over. Now, it's our time.
@wamd5187
@wamd5187 Жыл бұрын
Very good video. Why did Portugal not send re enforcements from Europe. At least they would have given a fight
@satyam1543
@satyam1543 Жыл бұрын
because they don't know how to fight, their main policy was divide and rule.
@1mol831
@1mol831 Жыл бұрын
What’s the point though…. How many Portuguese would it to take to hold goa? India can send millions of soldiers to the colony, unlike Portugal.
@avik4343
@avik4343 Жыл бұрын
Reinforcements? How many soldiers could Portugal send? 10k? 20k? Maximum 40k? India could have send 10 times more soldiers than that
@CosmicCanvas666
@CosmicCanvas666 7 ай бұрын
​@@avik4343Well, then how did the British conquer and rule us for 200 years?
@manjunathareddy6548
@manjunathareddy6548 7 ай бұрын
@@CosmicCanvas666with the help of Indian soldiers
@praiv2291
@praiv2291 2 жыл бұрын
It was 'Liberation' of Goa, not annexation.
@another8125
@another8125 2 жыл бұрын
ek jhooth ko 10000 durane se woh satch nahin ho jata
@Commedeshommes
@Commedeshommes Жыл бұрын
It was annexation. My family is Goan, and we detest India for stealing our heritage
@user-vg6wt3un9r
@user-vg6wt3un9r 7 ай бұрын
The Supreme Court of India calls it annexation by use of military force
@gsd8225
@gsd8225 Жыл бұрын
Who would win in a war India 🇮🇳 or Pakistan 🇵🇰?
@GamingproAk16
@GamingproAk16 Жыл бұрын
India is the dad of pakistan we will soon takeover our child pakistan
@avik4343
@avik4343 Жыл бұрын
Pakistan? Can they even defeat pak taliban 🤣??
@gsd8225
@gsd8225 Жыл бұрын
@@avik4343 you tell me, bro?
@DhSK.22
@DhSK.22 20 күн бұрын
Pakistan can defeat India with it's overwhelming force of Faith and Military. If war comes India won't last 30 days in front of Pakistan.
@sunilnair4755
@sunilnair4755 7 ай бұрын
It was not discovered, this places where existing.. and if portugese was having occupied indian land and they should have left voluntarily ..., that is the reason for war.
@howarddrake2544
@howarddrake2544 6 ай бұрын
Goa is a part of India stolen by Portugal, today an irrelevany country. (Imagine the West's & Nato's reaction today if India occupied a part of Portugal)
@abeonthehill166
@abeonthehill166 2 жыл бұрын
The very idea that Portugal would have a hope in hell of a chance against India. The very idea was ridiculous ! This " colonial insult " to India was going to end either by agreement or, India would just take it with overwhelming military force . Any Portuguese Naval vessels ( even 20 ) would have been target practice for the Indian airforce and, if troops would have landed , even 30,000 that would not have stopped India as they would have been wiped out. India is not Somalia ........
@rajendrakumar9127
@rajendrakumar9127 7 ай бұрын
Chachaji was unknown about this operation he was friends of mao, ruler Chinese chairman ccp.
@ytskt
@ytskt 7 ай бұрын
Or else he would have stopped it...
@Mrashisharora
@Mrashisharora 7 ай бұрын
Portuguese territory????
@ruisilva2623
@ruisilva2623 11 ай бұрын
Is goa like tbe portuguese
@familygaming6981
@familygaming6981 24 күн бұрын
I mean there r many portuguese houses n portugal tradition like carnivals is celebrated every year with joy n fun n portuguese dances .
@mrsharathgopalanaiyangar8805
@mrsharathgopalanaiyangar8805 6 ай бұрын
This was done by sardar Patel and not Nehru
@ruiduarte6685
@ruiduarte6685 6 ай бұрын
Author, I suppose You would blame the war in Ukraine on Zelensky's unwillingness to "discuss the future" of eastern Ukrainian provinces. Right? 🙄 Would You also call Hamas terrorists "armed activists"? 🤷🏻‍♂️
@Melons-vg8dq
@Melons-vg8dq 6 ай бұрын
The PORTUGUESE made Goa great. Roman/Latin organization
@janitoalevic
@janitoalevic 2 ай бұрын
true
@MrSagarvarule
@MrSagarvarule 5 ай бұрын
Wait Wait Wait What ...!!!! Alexander conquered land in India????....Who Alexander???
@oltvnews7292
@oltvnews7292 6 ай бұрын
nehru screwed up with other borders- maldevis - srilanka - tibet - bhutan ... these states should be in india now .. including pakistan and bangladesh
@sebastiaobretao5315
@sebastiaobretao5315 2 жыл бұрын
Nobody ask to the persons of Goa, Damão and Diu, what did they want. Thats the point.
@rocketmanfossel1174
@rocketmanfossel1174 2 жыл бұрын
lmao my half family is goan and none of my ancestors were sad to kick foreigners out
@atyanthdutt6632
@atyanthdutt6632 2 жыл бұрын
The goa congress committee founded by Tristão de Bragança Cunha was a party calling for goan accession to India. Not only that, there were several other political organizations like the United goa front and azad gomantak dal who fought for goa. Portugal suppressed them, usually by brute force. Only European born goans were for Portugal. Portugal has no right to declare morality, Portugal gained goa thru force and repression. Learn abt the goa inquisition.
@another8125
@another8125 2 жыл бұрын
@@atyanthdutt6632 Goans deserved, wanted and were promised an independent state - dummy theres a good rhyme and reason why 600k Goans fled India and only 400k remained, use brains.
@atharvzemse6599
@atharvzemse6599 2 жыл бұрын
@@another8125 Lol what nothing more idiotic than your information.
@subratabhattacharya7983
@subratabhattacharya7983 Жыл бұрын
Goans were indians
@polyglot8
@polyglot8 7 ай бұрын
What percentage of Goa is still Roman Catholic?
@user-bc4sx5fl6k
@user-bc4sx5fl6k 6 ай бұрын
Lots of them left Goa, who wants to live in India
@adhirbose9910
@adhirbose9910 5 ай бұрын
45%.
@AR-bh3mn
@AR-bh3mn Жыл бұрын
Will they 🇧🇷🇵🇹 dare to sanction India, like what happened to Indonesia? ( East Timor independent ) Little Portugal doesn't dare India.... 😂
@JoyceGuevarra-nn1bp
@JoyceGuevarra-nn1bp 10 ай бұрын
Differ places must out came in a surender thats only our gểnorous in a philippine genaration im peter
@roboguard96
@roboguard96 2 жыл бұрын
Very interesting story, always wondered what happened to the Portuguese possessions after the British left India. Britain itself faced a similar dilemma with Hong Kong, a small British garrison on one side, the world's largest standing army on the other. The British under Thatcher opted to peacefully hand over the colony in 1997.😮
@rohanthandi4903
@rohanthandi4903 2 жыл бұрын
Stolen land
@roboguard96
@roboguard96 2 жыл бұрын
@@rohanthandi4903 okay.... Anything else?
@1mol831
@1mol831 Жыл бұрын
Well there’s little choice anyways, defence is not possible
@roboguard96
@roboguard96 Жыл бұрын
@@1mol831 yeah I agree, as much as it was Thatcher, there would have been no chance. Even if the British did hold Hong Kong for bit, there would have been no international support and we would have to leave anyway. Could have been really embarrassing and turned into a suez canal style situation.
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