Internal Combustion Engine Parts, Components, and Terminology Explained!

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Learn all of an internal combustion (IC) engine’s main parts and components, as well as the terminology and nomenclature associated with these engines (four and two stroke)!
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▶️Introduction
Piston internal combustion engines are also known as IC engines. IC engines are usually petrol/gasoline fired or diesel fired, but it is possible to use other fuels as well e.g. methane gas.
All of an engine's main parts are discussed in detail during the video. The engine shown in the video is a four-stroke diesel engine although it has similarities to a four-stroke petrol engine. Two stroke engines have a much simpler design, less parts, and thus they weigh less (with a correspondingly high power to weight ratio).
A four-stroke combustion engine consists of the following main parts:
Rocker Arm - presses down upon the valve bridge or valve stem.
Tappet Clearance - space between valve tip and rocker arm.
Valve Spring - returns valves to closed position when rocker arm not applying force.
Fuel Injector- injects fuel.
Fuel Inlet Pipe - transfers fuel to the fuel injector.
Suction Valve - allows air into the combustion space.
Exhaust Valve - allows exhaust gas to exit the combustion space.
Fuel Injector Nozzle - sprays atomised fuel into the combustion space.
Clearance Volume - the volume calculated between top dead centre and the top of the cylinder.
Swept Volume - the volume based upon the stroke of the piston and area of the cylinder bore.
Cylinder Volume - the total volume within the cylinder.
Cylinder Bore - the internal diameter of the cylinder.
Compression Ratio - a calculation based upon the volume ratios within the cylinder. Petrol/gasoline engines have a low compression ratio (6-9:1) whilst diesel engines have higher compression ratios (14-20:1).
Top Dead Centre (TDC) - a piston’s furthest point of transit towards the inlet and exhaust valves.
Pushrod (push rod) - transfers force from the cam lobe to the rocker arm.
Piston Crown - the top of the piston.
Piston Ring Grooves - where the piston rings locate within the piston.
Piston Rings - used to seal the space between the piston and cylinder liner.
Stroke - the distance the piston travels from bottom dead centre (BDC) to top dead centre (TDC).
Piston - the piston.
Piston Skirt - the piston skirt (may be short or long).
Piston Pin / Gudgeon Pin / Wrist Pin - the connection between the piston and connecting rod.
Cylinder Wall - the boundary of the combustion space (also sometimes called the cylinder liner).
Cylinder Liner - the internal surface of the cylinder.
Camshaft - used for controlling engine timing such as fuel injection and valve timing; driven by the crankshaft.
Cam / Cam Lobe - presses against the tappets to actuate the rocker arm(s).
Cam Follower - is pushed by the cam and transfers the movement to the push rod.
Bottom Dead Centre (BDC) - the closest point a piston reaches to the crankshaft.
Connecting Rod (Con Rod) - connects the piston to the crankshaft.
Crank Web - used to reduce vibration and balance the engine; part of the crankshaft.
Crankpin Bearing Journal - crankpin bearings are installed between the connecting rod and crankpin.
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Want to continue learning about engineering with videos like this one? Then visit: courses.savree.com/ Want to teach/instruct with the 3D models shown in this video? Then visit: savree.com/en

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[@savree-3d]

Trying again... Thanks to Abdel Elmasry for spotting a mistake with yesterday's version of the video! It was a minor mistake but the video has been re-edited and the mistake removed. Sorry for the confusion everyone! Personal note... Sorry I did not release a saVRee Nuggets video. I wanted to, but it pains me to release something that is not worthy of your time. I am planning on doing saVRee nuggets videos, it just takes a bit of courage to post stuff that I know could be better if we took more time to edit it and improve it. We will return to this topic though, promise!

[@tommyvercetti1217]

I have a question about the bottom dead center. The blue line indicates that the bottom dead center is measured from the bottom of the piston head; the next diagram shows the BDC from the top of the position head. The second one makes more sense when calculating clearance volume. Would measuring for BDC be from the top of the piston head while at the bottom end of the stroke?

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Thank you, I was figuring the second diagram was correct just because it makes more sense when calculating swept volume. Thanks for clarifying

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At 7:13, a few of the arrows point to main bearings rather than journal bearings.

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You can have either conrod bearing journals or main bearing journals. Rod journals are offset from the centre axis and main journals on the centre axis. The journal is just the place where the plain bearing sits. This image highlights this point: images.app.goo.gl/SXV1b59EepMuMacR8 Engineering is a bit of a nightmare concerning terminology. Plain bearings are also called -sometimes incorrectly- sliding friction bearings, white metal bearings, babbitt metal bearings, friction bearings, and/or journal bearings. Not all of these names are correct, it depends on the material of construction. Hope that helps. Thanks for the comment.

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what is the definition of stroke volume and swept volume?

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Swept volume is the volume between bottom dead center (BDC) and top dead center (TDC). Cylinder volume is the volume between bottom dead center (BDC) and cylinder head.

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fyi counter weights are on wrong side 180 degres out of crankshaft throw

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Lockdown, same as always. Hopefully things get better in the spring.

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