Introduction to Cancer Biology (Part 1): Abnormal Signal Transduction

This animation is the first part of the series "An Introduction to Cancer Biology", and explains the mechanism of abnormal signal transduction resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation. This animation also provides an overview of the potential targets of anticancer therapies.
REFERENCES:
1. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 2000 Jan 7;100(1):57-70.
2. Herbst RS. Review of epidermal growth factor receptor biology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;59(2 Suppl):21-6.
3. Gerharz CD, Ramp U, Reinecke P, et al. Analysis of growth factor-dependent signalling in human epithelioid sarcoma cell lines. Clues to the role of autocrine, juxtacrine and paracrine interactions in epithelioid sarcoma. Eur J Cancer. 2000 Jun;36(9):1171-9.
4. Potapova O, Fakhrai H, Mercola D. Growth factor PDGF-B/v-sis confers a tumorigenic phenotype to human tumor cells bearing PDGF receptors but not to cells devoid of receptors: evidence for an autocrine, but not a paracrine, mechanism. Int J Cancer. 1996 May 29;66(5):669-77.
5. Andl CD, Mizushima T, Nakagawa H, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor mediates increased cell proliferation, migration, and aggregation in esophageal keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jan 17;278(3):1824-30.
6. Di Fiore PP, Pierce JH, Kraus MH, Segatto O, King CR, Aaronson SA. erbB-2 is a potent oncogene when overexpressed in NIH/3T3 cells. Science. 1987 Jul 10;237(4811):178-82.
7. Batra SK, Castelino-Prabhu S, Wikstrand CJ, et al. Epidermal growth factor ligand-independent, unregulated, cell-transforming potential of a naturally occurring human mutant EGFRvIII gene. Cell Growth Differ. 1995 Oct;6(10):1251-9.
8. Egeblad M, Mortensen OH, Jaattela M. Truncated ErbB2 receptor enhances ErbB1 signaling and induces reversible, ERK-independent loss of epithelial morphology. Int J Cancer. 2001 Oct 15;94(2):185-91.
9. Lage A, Crombet T, González G. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling: early results and future trends in oncology. Ann Med. 2003; 35(5):327-36.
10. Adjei AA, Hidalgo M. Intracellular signal transduction pathway proteins as targets for cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 10;23(23):5386-403.
11. Beeram M, Patnaik A, Rowinsky EK. Raf: a strategic target for therapeutic development against cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep 20;23(27):6771-90.
12. Schmelzle T, Hall MN. TOR, a central controller of cell growth. Cell. 2000 Oct 13;103(2):253-62.
13. Yarden Y, Sliwkowski MX. Untangling the ErbB signalling network. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Feb;2(2):127-37.
14. Igney FH, Krammer PH. Death and anti-death: tumour resistance to apoptosis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002 Apr; 2(4):277-88.
15. Delhalle S, Duvoix A, Schnekenburger M, Morceau F, Dicato M, Diederich M. An introduction to the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Dec;1010:1-8.
16. Veiby OP, Read MA. Chemoresistance: impact of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB inhibition by small interfering RNA. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 May 15;10(10):3333-41.
17. Foo P. Metastasis: The journey of mobile cancer cells. Harvard Science Review. Spring 2002;30-2.
18. Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Role of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumor growth and angiogenesis. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Feb 10;23(5):1011-27.
19. Ellis LM. Epidermal growth factor receptor in tumor angiogenesis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2004 Oct; 18(5):1007-21.
20. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al. Bevacizumab plus Irinotecan, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun 3;350(23):2335-42.
21. Motzer RJ, Michaelson MD, Redman BG, et al. Activity of SU11248, a multitargeted inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 1;24(1):16-24.

[@westfield90]

Very good video. It demonstrates how many moving parts are involved in cancer and why most drugs fail to control it. We just do not know enough of the incredible complexity involved in cancer development

[@markmcnulty2164]

Ah yes of course, I understood everything. *rewinding intensifies*

[@petrunjelaa]

pretty dope series about the cancer mechanism! trully enjoyed it.

[@flames1000000]

I found this video extremely helpful, it has provided a basis about signaling within a cell. I would recommend this video to someone wanting to brush up on intracellular signaling.

[@IsabelRodriguez-nv2ue]

Amazing high quality video!!! Thanks so very much for creating it!

[@joshuabrucetaylor9897]

Excellent video! Now THIS is a good way to learn. Keep up the good work :)

[@nehasharma7013]

Very good explanation

[@drsondhi]

Fabulous

[@souravssg4906]

Awesome explanation :-)

[@michelangelocaravaggio5018]

very very very well explanation

[@이하루-q6w]

Thank you for a great video

[@tonydehn1419]

awsome

[@yessiperez6662]

I hope someone finds a cure some day

[@Rickyrab]

+Yessi Perez ... or at least a way to tame and regulate cancers. Sometimes a mass of fast-replicating cells can come in handy, but we would still need a way to tell them when and where to stop or slow down, and tell them not to metastasize.

[@username-usernamov]

Trinitrophenylnitramine just stop eating anything

[@gianlucadantonio7924]

umm --the video says that overexpression of Growth factor receptors causes ligand independent firing - id look over that one more time Its more likely structural mutations to the tyrosine kinase receptor cause ligand-independant activation while overexpression, on the other hand, causes hyper proliferation in basal levels of growth factor

[@geovannig8849]

When the receptors are over expressed, the Monomers of receptor tyrosin kinases will interact with each other due to the abundance of the receptors on the plasma membrane. Thus, the overexpression of the receptor will lead to the activation of these receptors by each other by means of transphosphorylation(biochemically speaking-biologically speaking autophosphorylation), giving the cell an oncogenic power.making the cell mitotically active irresepective of the ligand presence. (ligand independent firing).

[@davdarksun]

Because they hav seen better ones..which are much more clear..

[@ahmedsalem7975]

nice

[@smartbien-etrebusiness6412]

Solution : *Dr Otto Heinrich Warburg* German MD physiologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1931: *>*

[@andrewdjburke]

Transforming Growth Factor Alpha, Not Tumor Growth Factor Alpha. Tumor Growth Factor Beta, Transforming Growth Factor Alpha.

[@binghamhawn3974]

Very good explanation

[@clementinesunset0]

When your lecturer is useless... go to youtube >,

[@sphinxishta6861]

Cell antenna

[@AhmedMD]

This was just a great video !!! thanks for editing, producing and thanks for people on sharing!

[@osamaomar5681]

this is just EPIC and extremely awesome , i really can`t tell how i loved that series . excellent work INDEED

[@archa1624]

Where can I find transduction pathways associated directly with gene expression and regulation?

[@carolinegronnier6888]

Thank you for this amazing and very pratical vidéo.

[@frax6962]

Can someone please suggest some good introduction textbooks about general cancer biology?

[@embroidery1415]

extremely instructive...thank you

[@myme4ever]

The animation is excellent and the explanation are clear but very unstructured. It was hard to take notes while watching

[@singaporethomasgiam5608]

Introduction to Cancer Biology (Part 1): Abnormal Signal Transduction

[@akp398]

Nice video, it explains how the body can heal itself if we give them good balanced nutrition.

[@bondstreet2300]

Great video

[@sportscook]

superv explaination :)

[@ildarkabirov]

thank u

[@smenila]

Thanks a lot! Excellent video!

[@Chalermdate]

Thanks! uploader

[@99lavanya]

thank u soo much.......

[@MaheshKondapuram]

thank u

[@ksomkiart]

thank you

[@alirezatopu8681]

nice one

[@sadiasanawar6869]

The animation is way too good.

[@gjzztrrettmmggrrertzhgyena4950]

Yes Yes Yes Sir💖💖💖 GooooooD 💚💚

[@safkumar]

thank you

[@Uveps]

great vid

[@idarmistorres3156]

super nice video!!

[@MOHDSUHAIL-vn8xz]

Thanks 👍👍

[@MichaelHarrisIreland]

Seems to me like a promotional video of how well they are doing. Which is fine even if it's not true. But not fine if, "not true", holds up some other research which is.

[@akalharpreet]

ultimate and outstanding video.

[@iceprince710]

Great.

[@charlestsebesta7812]

Interesting

[@ext1013]

trying to wait until they mention mitochandia....when????

[@MOHDSUHAIL-vn8xz]

❤❤

[@khanhnguyenvan3001]

thank you so much

[@julianrg]

Very good! I was able to learn more

[@eglalreda5552]

great !!!

[@indiranegari3389]

can anyone let me know, what does he say in the 50th minutes? solid .... molecules, thank you

[@leylaakh1467]

"...extracellular matrix components, or cell adhesion molecules."

[@عبدهماهر-ه9ش]

Want arabic translation please

[@victor3431]

Great!