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Stress, strain, and deformation are key concepts in mechanics that describe how materials respond to external forces. Stress is the internal force per unit area exerted within a material when subjected to an external load. It is measured in Pascals (Pa). Strain is the measure of deformation, representing the ratio of change in length to the original length of a material when subjected to stress. Deformation refers to the actual change in shape or size of an object under load. These concepts are critical in understanding material behavior under different loading conditions in engineering and physics.