I love grubby handles his chat. Some are overly back-seating but he understands, he tells them to back off but he doesn't ever abuse them because he knows the other ones help. Sometimes he pokes a bit of fun at a comment but more often he takes the serious sweat lords and just turns their rhetoric around on them like a true professional.
@neospriss2 жыл бұрын
This was a rough broodmother game. Enemy team had a lot of AOE abilities that in current Broodmother kit is rough to go up against. Her basic idea of generating a lot of spiderlings and then using them to quickly descend on enemy hero and overwhelm them is difficult against this particular enemy team. All of the squishy enemies also have very good AOE Damage/Disable and even the non-squishy heroes all have decent AOE abilities. Was a rough game to pick brood, but GG and can't wait for your next game.
@ZMSTA2 жыл бұрын
You are correct, but it should be also noted that brood really benefits from xp hence why when she was considered broken she was played from mid. Plus with the recent changes they made the right click brood is more viable. Meaning opting for difu for early fight and then going for bkb + 1 more damage item and blink (for this particular game )would have worked well. All in all the hero is quite difficult and with a high ceiling. I mean you see some seasoned players playing it, and it looks broken even when it's not a meta pick and then on others and it seems like a feeding machine. And i am talking about pros.
@endlessnoodle30562 жыл бұрын
Nah, brood isn't viable through spiderlings anymore, her ulti is only for initial damage. Current brood has to focus everything into aghs traps. Super hard to counter
@Mrsadgirl992 жыл бұрын
and two flying heroes too lol
@Kryptnyt2 жыл бұрын
It seems like every team has an answer to brood spiders, and it hurt her a lot when melee heroes were given free damage block
@alichaj72 жыл бұрын
Grubby: The dota 2 streamer we need right now but don't deserve
@whatdothlife46602 жыл бұрын
Counterpoint: We absolutely deserve Grubby and the DOTA2 community have and will continue to treat him kindly.
@NineConsonants2 жыл бұрын
Really liking this series and seeing someone talented but new try and enjoy the game! I think the videos would be even better if you took a minute or two once the game is over to kinda summarize what you think of the hero. If you like it, if you thought a move was cool, something you'd want to try next time, if a matchup against an enemy hero felt hard. Can kinda tell how you feel while you play, but it's different to get a complete concise thought at the end. Thanks!
@FollowGrubby2 жыл бұрын
Glad you appreciate the series :D
@fartloudYT2 жыл бұрын
Yeah a summary would be nice.
@brunodelpasso2 жыл бұрын
Using a hero like brood/nature prophet/lycan, you can also "split push", when your teammates are fighting, and you're far from them, do not go jungle, instead you can use your summons to kill enemy towers and push as much you can while they fight.
@FollowGrubby2 жыл бұрын
Ahh I see, noted thanks!
@naphackDT2 жыл бұрын
Also known as the "wolves need no armor" strategy.
@Mayhamsdead2 жыл бұрын
I just started watching and I instantly knew you'd like the collision and micro aspect of the hero. Good luck Grubby!
@c0rvus2 жыл бұрын
Tip Grubby (tho i dont really play broodmother): You can manually destroy webs you don't need so you don't accidentally destroy webs you actually need. You can put limited amount of webs and if you exceed the amount it destroys the oldest web Also a trick: Spiderlings don't have collision on a web, BUT, place them on top of an enemy and destroy the web they are in and they will instantly collide, or even better, surround the enemy
@Isoweb10002 жыл бұрын
Brood is one of my all-time favorite hero's. Everyone has a preferred unit control-group system, but for me putting the hero on control group 1, the minions (spiderlings) on 2, and hero + minions on 3 works the best for any hero that controls minions.
@Valdrius2 жыл бұрын
You can set up general keybinds for "select hero", "select all other units" and "select all units", so you don't need to set up control groups everytime
@Isoweb10002 жыл бұрын
@@Valdrius oh ok, but you only have to set the control groups once. The game remembers thereafter.
@Valdrius2 жыл бұрын
@@Isoweb1000 yeah, but it's still nice to not have to do it or have it ready for things like illusion runes or edge cases like stealing a summon spell on rubick. Felt like a useful thing to point out for those who might not've known
@whatdothlife46602 жыл бұрын
@@Valdrius I'm left-handed and have my hand on numpad and thumb on down arrow as Alt letting me effectively click Alt + Tab (Down + Numpad +) to select all units. It's a nice little bonus to an otherwise hard control scheme for me.
@PunishedMaracas2 жыл бұрын
i remember when broodmother used to be invisible inside the web
@Tonatiub2 жыл бұрын
did it slow down enemy movement speed at some point? I think this is the first videogame I've seen in which characters can walk through enemy spiderwebs unimpeded
@yopajjapoy86802 жыл бұрын
35:40 notail actually did this in pro tourna. Giving whole map vision and information to his teammates
@purpleisthesneakiest2 жыл бұрын
when i used to play this game years ago, brood, centaur, and treant were my favorite heroes. glad to see this episode, and interesting to see how brood has changed since i played!
@confirm-okt54802 жыл бұрын
It's important to recognize that you can still play Broodmother even with heavy aoe on the enemy team. Spiderlings make for great scouts even without webs and you can be a real pita and split push and draw people away to make fights fairer for both you and your team. Draftwise, she's still an amazing 5th pick counterpick mid/offlane. If the enemy team is lacking aoe, you basically run away with the game. Only character you absolutely cannot pick into is Earthshaker.
@ExpertPeeb2 жыл бұрын
i appreciate that one dude at 5:00 like he's probably a hug broodmother fan but damn if that isn't the longest dono. tried to supply a whole guide in a twitch dono.
@Roland7Spajky72 жыл бұрын
i find dota2 so much more insteresting than LoL after 4000+ games on League.. idk what is it but even the sounds dominating, godlike etc its awesome
@Roland7Spajky72 жыл бұрын
the play with the trees, multiple build options
@pluckyleon66402 жыл бұрын
So It Begins.
@Breeelax2 жыл бұрын
Brood is a prime example of how important the drafting is in Dota - if the enemy has little AoE and catch it is the most busted, frustrating to play and lane against, hero in the game. But let the enemy team have two cores that can handle her and it becomes a trash tier feeder hero. One of the most beautiful aspects of the game imo.
@alexanders.13592 жыл бұрын
If you play brood you can make your life way easier by defining keys to 1) select all units 2) select only the hero and 3) select only summons and controlled units. After you have done this you are able to do more with your spiders then just bunch them up around you. For example you can farm the lane and spawn new spiders, while your spiders do jungle camps at the same time... Big money! Or you stack them in the trees as a trap and as soon as someone enters the lane you run and bait yourself and let them come from behind. But one of the biggest problems of BM are those same spider longs. It's really easy to feed A LOT of gold and exp to the enemy with those things. Just a lot of extra creeps to kill. So you should avoid using spiders against enemy's with aoe abilities or damage. And every team against BM will buy battlefurrys or mjollnirs sooner or later. So the spiders are mostly good early game
@lavrikmaksim18142 жыл бұрын
About scouting with broodlings. There was actually a small scandal around Tundra.33 using a console command to activate tab for broodlings. It enabled him to easily send them throughout the map and get a lot of scout in a final of some tournament in the recent year against TSpirit. After that this setting became allowed.
@TheWWWyrm2 жыл бұрын
Grubby finally becoming a web developer
@meeko69152 жыл бұрын
Was waiting for the Brood gameplay. Can't wait to see how it goes.
@goink33682 жыл бұрын
I believe in his micro skills
@akhileshrai56682 жыл бұрын
Do you have A-Z similar videos for HotS... Could never understand what was going on since I've never played it...
@whatdothlife46602 жыл бұрын
Brood is one of those heroes like Meepo or Batrider where they are generally bad in standard drafts and easily countered but are absolutely overpowered if last-picked into no counters.
@greenshroomgames2 жыл бұрын
I didnt know her Insatable hunger is her first ability now it used to be her ultimate and her web doesnt make her invis anymore?
@zkamaruz2 жыл бұрын
utube algorithm brought me here, not gonna lie I enjoy the series. Keep up the good work man!!!
@Alchemyi2 жыл бұрын
Love the Dota 2 series. Keep it up!
@QUQINGPING2 жыл бұрын
you can have an option in setting to hold right mouse button to have right click continously & then keep pressing s to last hit easier
@pokerbarloahavia2 жыл бұрын
Hi Grubby I suggest not playing every hero that would take 4 months with 123 total heroes the international would be done by then. Just play every hero that are good for this new Patch Meta. Then spam game a couple of ones you like and practice in demo mode the heroes in previous game in which you didn't know the mechanics so you learn quick on how to kill or counter them.
@leomarrysraeldisay41602 жыл бұрын
Grubby igniting the urge to get back to playing dota2. 😊 Keep on Grubby!
@blither46562 жыл бұрын
Hah the "twitch on my web" "weeb on my twitch" wordplay was goated
@hanpol20532 жыл бұрын
Broodmother like many other heros is quite sitational. Broodmother is amazing if the enemy has no or little AoE a bit like Axe or bristelback against an all melee team. There are quite a few other heros like that Antimage for excample is (while generally a good carry) specially good against enemy teams with lots of not disabling nukes.
@Ljngstrm2 жыл бұрын
My top 3 favourite hero after playing DotA 2 for 8+ years. The other two favourites were Death Prophet and Doom!
@FollowGrubby2 жыл бұрын
I should get to those soon then! :D
@MAriefBudiman2 жыл бұрын
i really love how you learn the game. alone with random twitch chat. enjoy the game man, dota is fun if you just skip all the toxicity lol.
@MayankBhura2 жыл бұрын
Grubby btw u can also cut the tree at which hoodwink stuns ur ally, with ur quelling blade
@TheRoflbbq2 жыл бұрын
Long time Dota player here, can't wait to watch your Invoker videos, and Meepo too!
@dink64232 жыл бұрын
I very much enjoy these dota videos, I hope he keeps playing the game
@ygrimmador51492 жыл бұрын
Man I love watching you -play these heroes, keep up the good work :) love your attitude too man, we need more PMA players in Dota
@ToAskEternity2 жыл бұрын
So sad to see your chat be so toxic once you started playing Dota 2. But I think you knew that would happen. Great game learning the hero, love your positivity. :)
@domeplsffs2 жыл бұрын
Brood should be one of Grubbys best heros imho - very high skill ceiling when it comes to the micro, due to her Spiderlings. Ofc he needs to get some other basics down first and such, but i think if he returns to her he should have a blast and own really hard.
@sinomirneja7712 жыл бұрын
Brood mother is bit of an special hero. and leads to a bit of a different play style (side pushing.) She has not disables, her burst damage can not compete with that characters who are good at that. Her spider lings can be killed very easily in AOE after which her right-click damage becomes insignificant too. Without significant economic advantage, Brood mother should not be able to win 1v1 against any hero (well she is better than that, if they don't have AOE brood has a huge advantage over them.) She is good at running away, and doing a lot of damage to towers (with her spiders lings) and good at farming. She usually wants to take over a lane, while the rest of the team are fighting in another lane. - If the rest of the team are fighting 4v5, she will freely push the lane and get all the towers. While her team plays defensive, and defends the tower in their lane. - If they put one person in her lane, she is not in danger, and can farm faster than that one person (with her spider lings going to jungle.) - If they send more than one person to her, she is in danger, but still she has a good skill set to evade the enemy. Meanwhile the team, has an advantage and could take 4v3 fights, or if the enemy evades them take objectives. But for a player to be able to side push effectively, he would need to know the possible dangers. Which is impossible for you, since you don't even know half of the enemy's abilities yet! Also, you should be able to communicate well with your team mates and be coordinated, which is not a thing in pubs games. There is a reason she is not in the meta.
@Magnobell2 жыл бұрын
dude that is the best review from brood i ever saw, people who dont play this hero thinks that she is kinda op because they dont understand her abilities (abilities that are too nerfed to be good)
@sinomirneja7712 жыл бұрын
@@Magnobell it's hard to balance any hero which is this good at farming.
@shigerufan12 жыл бұрын
@@Magnobell Silken Bola is much better than incapacitating bite used to be, imagine having to be in melee already to apply the slow. Plus insatiable hunger being moved to a basic ability allows her to fight back early when escape is no longer an option, or to heal back up after an engagement without having to return to base. Also she gets 3.2 strength and agility per level now so it's not like she doesn't scale well, and if you ignore the spiders and treat the webs like her ultimate to chase people down she's actually not that bad as a semicarry if you build her right.
@TheTriangle4442 жыл бұрын
Grubby, you would dominate using Arc Warden/Lone Druid, making full use of your godly microing and inventory management I wanna hear some keyboard and mouse clickety clacks while stomping
@oneswagman94262 жыл бұрын
Related to Broodmama, you should check out on how to spread out your entire spiderling all of over the map. It looks AWESOME!
@Rawersers2 жыл бұрын
Hey Grubs! Hope you enjoy your Dota playing - I must say it would be super stressful for me if i had an audience picking up on any and every single mistake i made - I hope that doesnt ruin the fun! You should play some games with Day9! much love
@enha60082 жыл бұрын
broodmother is one of those heroes who are really hard to balance. when she is in a decent state, the hero experts just crush games with her. extremely snowbally with very early power spikes. recent patches attempted to normalize her power spikes a bit more though. the hero is pretty dead these days though.
@naphackDT2 жыл бұрын
The problem with her kit is that if she ever gets ahead, she will claim the enemy jungle as her own and mercilessly crush both adjacent lanes while if she is behind, she will just get bullied out of farm anywhere. Problem as old as the hero itself.
@lufra88242 жыл бұрын
its amazing to see you play Dota2 ! damm your a fast learning person :)
@010101010101110010122 жыл бұрын
What a throw by the other team! That Axe had literally no fear of death!
@InternetChromer2 жыл бұрын
There was once a really cool clip with someone that destroyed his web just in time so his so his spiderlings could surround the enemy hero and hinder him to flee for the kill.
@spaceriot232 жыл бұрын
ngl i'm so excited for you playing brood, it's my fav hero. it's a tough game, but gg grubby
@winns352 жыл бұрын
You can change it in the settings where you auto select units when you take control of them as well. Some heroes it's bets to auto select some it's best not to as I'm sure you can already tell. Brood seems like one where auto select is almost a must because it seems like spiderlings don't automatically search for a target when they spawn.
@LynSain2 жыл бұрын
My favourite hero since DoTA1. Grubby being arachnophobic while playing Broodmother in her default skin is hilarious. He has not seen the true horror of her black widow skin yet. XD
@WesakuAuxilisea2 жыл бұрын
can someone tell me how he can send off a spiderling alone and have a hotkey bound to it? is he just constantly assigning it to a new group every time or is there something i dont know
@MannnisEi2 жыл бұрын
One of my favorite heroes! Gonna enjoy this!
@Penguinmustache2 жыл бұрын
20:22 21:35 Timestamps for the sneaky cookie plays. +20 to Deliciousness
@xmanffs59862 жыл бұрын
Nice! Spider mother gameplay
@dominiccenteno12332 жыл бұрын
This hero is a menace with a player who knows how to really use it. I've been playing Dota since 2nd grade but never once I used this hero in Dota 2 because I don't like micromanaging HAHA
@athirstykid2 жыл бұрын
if you dont mind, can you keep in the part where you look at the scoreboards and graphs
@MrSonicjew2 жыл бұрын
Freaking love BM ! One of my favourites, even better before the update
@prisoner8172 жыл бұрын
Broodmother is another favorite pocket pick of mine, she can be very strong despite not being in a good place balance wise! And she's just fun, like most champs with some built in invis and or terrain pathing (treant protector and batrider come to mind)
@_hakuu37602 жыл бұрын
brood is in a really weird place for a while now, you can't abuse her spiders as early now since it was changed to her ult 2(?)years ago, and the recent talent changes kinda suggest bringing back right click brood which was a thing in dota1 iirc she's kinda like HotS illidan, slightly overtuning her makes her a beast
@user-go2ld4ti6r2 жыл бұрын
But Illidan dont die from one echoslam.
@mistared40212 жыл бұрын
brood is one of those runaway heroes in that if she's not counter picked or allowed to get ahead she can just take over the game and run away with it.
@EnricoPascolo2 жыл бұрын
Please Grubby I want you to master this hero, it's so niece and fits your skills so well + none really plays it coz we all have fat fingers
@opacho66262 жыл бұрын
is the sub melody from psycho pinball water map? xd
@Logidrake132 жыл бұрын
Brood has one of the lowest winrate saldy but she definitly has personality. it's a char that makes the opponents adapt and I love my darling
@jones3682 жыл бұрын
Would be nice to take a look at the graph section when the game ends.
@ggstarr60532 жыл бұрын
this is my favorite hero after 10+ years playing dota 2
@FollowGrubby2 жыл бұрын
Wow!
@ggstarr60532 жыл бұрын
I can already see you being a dirty broodmother player. But keep learning the game for now. You are doing everything correct so far. Learning what heroes and items do is the most complex lump of information and should be learned first.
@ggstarr60532 жыл бұрын
And since you come from a game where you control many units, you can try the hero "Meepo". He is basically 5 heroes in one, and he is the #1 hero to absolutely destroy games and stomp the enemy team.
@tacogodboomdogg2 жыл бұрын
One of the hardest thing for me to get right in this game when starting is not using my items.
@TheTriangle4442 жыл бұрын
Dota is 50% counterpicking, 25% strategy, 25% skill
@Kefir_1002 жыл бұрын
Dota 2 heroes voice lanes are brilliant!
@stoywarshockofficial99842 жыл бұрын
Loved this one, can't wait for the next hero
@djuraster2 жыл бұрын
When I played BM, she was invis under the web...
@saucythighs2 жыл бұрын
This game actually looks really fun seeing Grubby play it. There's so much depth and variety in heroes. I would just need to steer clear of stressful meta-obsessed attitude I see a lot of... I love to master games but it's way more fun to try things out and discover things on my own. When I've taken that as far as I can, then I might get curious to see how others are playing. I see a lot of "everyone knows you should do this", winning-obsessed mindset, and players who need their teammates to be the way they want because they only have fun when they win (just make a team then, right?). Anyways I may sound salty but I don't mean it that way... just felt it was worth pointing out. You can play the game and dodge all of this is the real point, which Grubby seems to be doing pretty well with (tbf he is more meta-oriented than me). I would like to play myself whenever I get a new PC.
@pleshgore11982 жыл бұрын
Grubby now knows how to aggro creeps. . . oh man. ..
@winns352 жыл бұрын
A wild nightstalker appears. What the heck.
@vltraviolence76402 жыл бұрын
"Why no one plays this hero?" Earthshaker
@Logidrake132 жыл бұрын
I'd liek to know why, grubby, you suddently started Dota. Was it somthing you was curious for a long time? was there an event?
@Y4nda2 жыл бұрын
THE SILKROAD BECKONNNNS~
@chikin61462 жыл бұрын
Broodmother honestly used to be a cheese pick. The enemy (particularly mid) has no way decent wave clear? Better pick brood and stomp the lane. Used to be when her Q used to be her ult, her ult used to her her Q, and her shard used to be her E and vice versa. Otherwise, it feels horrible playing brood when you cant amass your spider. Brood is still the "Take over an area/lane and push" mainly cause of her web and as Grubby said, "you don't want to be walk like a normie" So it's often, Set up your nest, either deny that area from the enemy or have them address you, which often takes 2-5 heroes unless 1 hero completely counters you like Legion commander, then hope your teammate take advantage of that space and push the other lanes. Once mid-late game starts, you start joining your team
@manoi82 жыл бұрын
why is nobody picking brood? well to summarize she's hard to execute and easy to counter. She's supposed to be a cheese pick. But with a good brood player and good hero draft, you can stomp the enemy and they can't do anything Also, brood is very dependent on timing. means when you get your item/level timing and when enemies get their item/level timing
@oguzcanoguz59772 жыл бұрын
Wow that game was definitely supposed to be a loss after 10 minutes. The enemy was way better farmed, had good carries, did multiple teamwipes on you and you had a very big feeder. They just got complacent and did not push to finish the game so they allowed their further mistakes to cost them the game.
@RNaumko2 жыл бұрын
It was actually interesting to watch this game. The real DOTA is hard, that's why I hate when YT replays shows some "Easy Win Strategies"
@CssHDmonster2 жыл бұрын
brood is a very high complexity
@swindonbadger75432 жыл бұрын
Brood can be horrible to play against,, you think the teams just doing great with this 5 v 4 fight and then you look across and your towers gone/ sometimes racks ^^
@mazaochizao78102 жыл бұрын
You can hotkey to select all
@Logidrake132 жыл бұрын
She does'nt seem to need as much mana as you are avertizing" said every brood mother the first time playing her, before lvl 6 :D
@clarkmeyer72112 жыл бұрын
this was so hard to watch lmfao. standing by a potential deward instead of going to lane. webbing outside of the lane only. so much oof XD
@chrisg89892 жыл бұрын
She's so Bad that its actually OP! 😁👍
@Saeyayaya2 жыл бұрын
It's scary to know that Grubby might get good at Dota. As a Dota / League player (Yes I play both, I play ranked on both too with relatively mid ranks Diamond in League and Legend in Dota, and I started on Dota) MOBA's are essentially only the child of RTS. Even Pro's (especially League pros) don't have the same insight of the game as an RTS player does in their own game, min-maxing stuff and the high level of on the fly problem solving are extremely essential tools in MOBA's, and they're a standard in RTS. Not to mention Grubby's skill in microing is scary to imagine on heroes like Meepo, Brood, or NP. (There are alot more but those are the onew's which I feel are scary). From what I've watched, what Grubby is missing are the fundamentals of MOBA, which is understandable since he's new. The hotkey's, attention to the map, and general game knowledge such as skills, items, and other mechanics. A bigger thing which is extremely important in MOBA's is Drafting. In this game, as most people pointed out, Brood is very hard to play considering most of the heroes on the enemy team can either clear all of his spiderlings, CC him and focus him down, or are very hard to chase down with Brood in general. Understanding which Heroes are most effective in what situation depending on your position helps a lot in getting wins with your team. Then again, he's new. Having fun and learning different heroes are part of what makes the game fun. So to Grubby, don't be afraid to test things out for now. Welcome to MOBA's Grubby, and honestly, the genre itself is extremely fun, the reputation of being a "toxic game" (this applies to both Dota and League) really just comes from the fanbase which can be sorta TOO passionate. LOL
@brunodelpasso2 жыл бұрын
Always use your tp when you die so you can back quickly to farm/fight
@whatdothlife46602 жыл бұрын
There are plenty of situations where you don't want to TP back in.
@h3II0MN1232 жыл бұрын
I think Arc Warden isn't unplayable early because Valve thinks its a hard hero. Its because MMR boosters abuse that hero to help other rank up in MMR matches.
@tanura58302 жыл бұрын
Then it's op
@paulosantana96072 жыл бұрын
noooooooooo I wanted to see the probabilities T-T
@oktyrant89532 жыл бұрын
Oooo, they swapped her bonus damage with her summons
@SerechII2 жыл бұрын
I can't believe they let you play Broodmother, she for sure should be locked due to complexity Brood is usually kept bad throughout patches because her playstyle is a bit cheesy but there's still hero specialists that make her work and every now and then she becomes relevant again, I'm surprised they let you play her from the start because even tho you could very easily stomp a game with her if you knew how to push her limits, you'd never be able to do it without having like 200 hours of game knowledge
@EthVortexShield2 жыл бұрын
Enemy team got overconfident and complacent, ha. Imagine if grubby just built full auras
@deamorta61172 жыл бұрын
Man i love this guy hahah so funny
@Folisaa2 жыл бұрын
Grubby, where are the W3 uploads? why are we getting so much of this?
@mosi388302 жыл бұрын
sorry to say but he is Addicted and there is not going back from this game
@FollowGrubby2 жыл бұрын
WC3 Uploads are still there! Last game released was 2 days ago ;) there will simply be a bit less of them for the forseeable future ;)
@Ryan-sn3uo2 жыл бұрын
WC3 fan as well, am now converted to a Dota2 fan thanks to this playthrough. Farewell Blizz.
@Folisaa2 жыл бұрын
@@FollowGrubby I see, thanks for reply... looking forward to W3 games as always!
@riplex462 жыл бұрын
Please mr Grubby, would u upload your true sight reaction video
@zingg72032 жыл бұрын
Correct answer is Cheeky
@Petrichorscreen2 жыл бұрын
Nightstalker was never that good back in the day, they gave him a major buff with the flying ability. Back when i was playing him, all he could do was run fast and turn day into night. 😂
@gonnmz2 жыл бұрын
I see grubby I click
@clarkmeyer72112 жыл бұрын
chat spamming ctrl + click for tango but you only need to click now. n00b chat XD
@ThanhNguyen-br1rh2 жыл бұрын
It’s me again. Anyone who also watches him on twitch or has some ways to get his attention for just a moment, for the love of god, please tell him to prioritize range creeps please. Because even many many more games from this, he still view range creeps mostly as worthless or invisible.