Absolutely outstanding video. Finally someone shows melting cast iron with propane.Thank you!
@zuzuniagrikubanos64733 жыл бұрын
2 days ago I melted bronze and while the first cast melted quickly the second casting melted too late ,, today from your video I understood what was going on,, respect and thancs !!!!
@mevk13 жыл бұрын
This and furnace build are the two best backyard foundry videos I have seen. Thank you !!!!!!
@pierremarcoux8866 жыл бұрын
It's always a pleasure to watch and learn from an expert like you. Best Regards
@zvonibab5 жыл бұрын
Thank you kindly Mister for teaching me something new I did not think that was possible! Cheers
@TomMakeHere6 жыл бұрын
Awesome I've got a small dead pottery kiln at home. Tempted to set it up as a furnace Awesome seeing that you can do cast iron
@nicholasbarba30226 жыл бұрын
Lucky, enjoyed. Another good way to prevent excessive freezeup is to simply turn the propane bottle upside down. this worked for me when I converted my car to propane and had freeze problems when bottles where positioned rightside up,
@illumiNOTme3265 жыл бұрын
Lucky you consistently put out very informative and helpful videos that are much appreciated. Thank you.
@creast566 жыл бұрын
Super demonstration! I have yet to do CI but will probably use waste oil as Propane is pretty costly for this. Really appreciate you doing this to prove a point it is possible. Cheers!!
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
That is why I only melt small amounts of cast iron with propane it uses less that melting large amounts.
@tjkirkpatrick94512 жыл бұрын
Have built my second burner this time out of 2 inch exhaust pipe and a 3mm nozzle with a hair dryer blower and wow does it go... dialled the gas reg to get a good burn but after 10 mins in this weather she froze up and i was having do much fun hoping to cast iron soon.. thankyou so much for sharing your information 10/10 cheers tj👍
@luckygen10012 жыл бұрын
That is a problem with propane so to fix this use a larger plastic tub than the propane bottle and pour in some hot water.
@tjkirkpatrick94512 жыл бұрын
@@luckygen1001 will test this as soon as this low pressure system goes by we are in Tassie so its a bit chilli at the moment.. 👌👍
@jimburnsjr.6 жыл бұрын
Thanks Again Lucky :D ... there is no tv program or movie star that I'd rather see than you.... thanks for another lesson. ...a while back i saw a video of some guys casting bronze in a similar set up... they put a piece of cardboard box between the crucible and plinth before lighting the furnace and kept the crucible from sticking to the plinth... and of course they used another piece to put on the plinth outside of the furnace for moving the crucible between tongs... worked flawlessly to keep the plinths from sticking... if you're interested in trying it. ... nothing special about it.. just a piece of an average shipping corregated cardboard box, big enough to cover the plinth to act as a table cloth of carbon between the crucible and plinth. very glad to see you are well... have a goodn
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
I will try using cardboard next time.
@jimburnsjr.6 жыл бұрын
awesome... hope it works out... still haven't set up my own furnace yet... only a forge so far, and a lack of a quality anvil has me set back a bit... one day i sure hope to get the great feeling you must have to see that nice consistent cast iron from your own hands... Clearly the only thing stopping me is a lack of will... every time i turn around you're showing it is easier than i thought lol... thanks again.. have a great one
@123kkambiz6 жыл бұрын
Me too.
@peterjones69455 жыл бұрын
That was impressive. Not only melting cast iron but how quick it was, around 45 minutes? The only thing is, you make it look so easy and I'm sure there is a lot of preparation beforehand? I want to try casting now (no idea what but I want to try it)
@JlerchTampa6 жыл бұрын
I've no idea why I haven't scratched this off my bucket list yet, seems "so easy" watching a skilled craftsman do it! :)
@jafarhabibilivar13856 жыл бұрын
So inspiring! Your videos are Tempting me to setup my own backyard foundary
@swdweeb4 жыл бұрын
Fascinating, I had never noticed the "burner" you use before. Am I correct in understanding that the propane is essentially fed into the furnace through that little pipe and air is forced in through the larger pipe? And... does the propane and forced air mix in the furnace or just prior to entering the furnace? The only time I tried cast iron, the end of my burner melted during the process. If I'm understanding your furnace design correctly, that would eliminate my problem. I might have to make a modification to my furnace.
@luckygen10014 жыл бұрын
Yes and yes. The propane and air mixes before entering the furnace and burns in the furnace. If the end of your burner melts you are doing something wrong and a lot of your heat energy is wasted heating up the end of your burner which should be heating up your crucible. I never have any problems melting cast iron but sadly so many youtubers do have problems because they copy unsuitable designs and wonder why they do not work for melting cast iron but it will still melt aluminuim and bronze.
@Eisenmann863 жыл бұрын
Thank you for great video!!!, why do you use ferrosilicone to get the slag out of iron ?
@gwheyduke4 жыл бұрын
sure you can ! Good job. I solved my cold tank causing low pressure problem by using a 100 pound propane tank.
@ScottTurnerformeindustrious6 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing! I enjoyed the process.
@southjerseysound73404 жыл бұрын
I use heated mattress pads for a bottle warmer and they work like a champ. By keeping everything warm it prevents freezing but they don't get hot enough to cause a problem either.
@luckygen10014 жыл бұрын
That is a good idea to keep the bottle warm.
@ogaugeclockwork44073 жыл бұрын
Brilliant information! Thanks so much!
@ludditeneaderthal6 жыл бұрын
You can use almost any fuel for almost any purpose. The "magic" is the delivery of the proper potential energy and proper amount of oxygen to support the combustion. You should theoretically be able to melt iron with shredded newspaper, but the mechanism that would allow it would be a practical nightmare. Propane has more heat energy per unit of mass than acetylene, so, as acetylene can melt iron, so must propane be able to
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
That is true but heat conservation in the furnace makes it run hotter.
@TheRealCreepinogie5 жыл бұрын
If you put a sheet of paper or cardboard underneath the crucible it's form a layer of carbon and the plinth won't stick to the crucible when you pull it out. I use propane too for cast iron.
@luckygen10015 жыл бұрын
Are you still on the yahoo casting forum?
@gayledent52455 жыл бұрын
What is your green sand made up of? Looks like silicon carbide , ,
@gayledent52455 жыл бұрын
Just read someone else' comment, Bentonite,
@Puffie406 жыл бұрын
The main way to fight freezing propane tanks is to increase the surface area of the propane liquid being evaporated. This is where larger tanks or even several smaller tanks connected in parallel come in handy.
@JacksonDunnoKnows2 жыл бұрын
Nice. I have a 10kg furnace. Been debating on trying to melt iron. And possibly even steel. If I could I'd like to give a go at a small striking anvil. And if that works a swedge block. I mostly Smith, but I like messing around with melting. Got a ton of little bronze and copper coins/mini bars. Made Nordic gold before. We have fresh water snails and the cone shells make cool casts. Stuff like that. Good work unknown friend🍻
@missingthe80s58 Жыл бұрын
You'll want to line your crucible with a few painted on layers of something like 3200F cement or similar material, Satanite, Hellforge 3000 ect. The crucible will act as a carbon donor to steel and do unwanted things. Painting the inside fixes that issue.
@JustinCoutarel3 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing your knowledges. Very nice parts
@FKreider6 жыл бұрын
Fantastic instructional video!
@charlieszablewski8305 жыл бұрын
wow what a skill you have do you teach at all
@michaelclark28403 жыл бұрын
You sure know your stuff. Thankyou for sharing. That propane was really firing well. Just curious, can you recall the flow rate on your acetylene gauge?
@luckygen10013 жыл бұрын
That gauge has not got a flow meter. The pressure was 70 kpa.
@rickolson90116 жыл бұрын
Excellent!
@roberthorn44966 жыл бұрын
Rick Olson ,
@khosrosadi51964 жыл бұрын
The best clip i ever seen.
@JaapGrootveld5 жыл бұрын
Tanks, this is verry helpfull. Is it possible to use an blacksmith blower instead of a vacuum cleaner? Or the pressure is too low?
@luckygen10015 жыл бұрын
Pressure is too low.
@amishmilitant46186 жыл бұрын
When casting something out of cast or gray iron, do you have to add anything? Like borax?
@davidnaomi50925 жыл бұрын
If you want cleaner iron use borax.
@facesmasher42166 жыл бұрын
incredible demonstration procedure with cast iron and propane👌 now, can you cook a good piece of t-bone steak on top of that furnace while it's on fire? ❓
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
If you held it a good distance away so it would not burn.
@berkahmulia78015 жыл бұрын
@@luckygen1001 applaus 👍👍👍
@betbrokerinversionesdeport63074 жыл бұрын
@@luckygen1001 Hi. A query, what material is the crucible you use?
@johngunn70876 жыл бұрын
Thank you for another excellent demonstration. Since you are mixing fan-forced air instead of compressed air or compressed oxygen, would it be safe to say that a flash back arrest valve is not necessary on the propane line?
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
There is no need for a flashback arrester valve because propane pressure is always higher than the forced air.
@l.c.9524 Жыл бұрын
Another possibility is to flip the bottle and litteraly spray in liquid lpg. Of course using high pressure pipe, but probably is just better go with oil
@awldune6 жыл бұрын
Outstanding
@andreswalterbrana9742 жыл бұрын
How many castings does the crucible last? saludos Argentina
@luckygen10012 жыл бұрын
About 25-30 melts.
@MrZhefish5 жыл бұрын
Very nice. I got a question tho regarding the ferrosilicon, how much do you actually use? well, i guess it needs to be tested with every raw material you use, but you must have some idea you'r starting at from? i read some books suggested by myfordboy, but unfortunatly, those outline the general operations and examples, specialy moldmaking and such, which are ok. but the composition of alloys and metals is what i want to read up on, and i would be very thankfull if you could point out some good sources.
@luckygen10015 жыл бұрын
I start with 0.25% and increase it if I have a hard iron.
@tippojee14913 жыл бұрын
Sir what is the formula for piston rings casting?
@luc4sj35 жыл бұрын
How cool is that! I've recently acquired an small injector based propane furnace and was intending to use it for making some aluminium bronze parts. Just wondering, it's possible to smelt cast iron without forced air?
@JoseSilveira-newhandleforYT6 жыл бұрын
Very informative. Thanks.
@sandrammer6 жыл бұрын
If you're using an Acetylene regulator what do you have the regulator set at? Working pressure that is, not bottle pressure.
@MegaPoxie5 жыл бұрын
I bought the same burner set-up and similar sized furnace but the hole in the top is much smaller. Is there an optimum size or just a matter of being able to feed in more ingots and allow viewing and slag removal?
@luckygen10015 жыл бұрын
I have always wondered why they use such small exhaust vents but you are right you can put in larger pieces of metal and makes slag removal easier.
@hare9113 жыл бұрын
Bonjour, pour que le fromage ne colle pas au creuset, je met du carton sur le fromage avant de poser mon creuset dessus. Cela marche très bien
@FarmCraft1016 жыл бұрын
Do you have the propane tube all the way into the furnace when you are firing it, as you show in the video? Or do you draw it back so the tube is not in the combustion chamber? Thanks for the lesson Lucky!
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
The tube is not in the combustion chamber.
@احمدالبنا-ز6ز Жыл бұрын
best way to use propane is to turn the propane cylinder over and use the needle portal with a regulator for control of the liquid pressure this way from egypt
@diabolic18996 жыл бұрын
Is there any way to make cast iron ductile? Adding other element? would adding magnesium improve it? Or bubbling oxigen...have you tried making it ductile?
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
Magnesium will make cast iron ductile.
@aubreyaub6 жыл бұрын
Small amount of copper. But not sure of %.
@767HALHA5 жыл бұрын
@@aubreyaub Copper not! Small amount rare earths element's (La, Ce) help to stabilize graphite spheroid . Mg is the right choice (Mg wire or Mg alloy). foundrygate.com/upload/artigos/Summary%20of%20the%20Elements%20Effects%20on%20Ductile%20Iron.pdf
@michaelh74112 жыл бұрын
I have a stove with two broken legs on it. and two good ones. where can I find someone to recast them for me?
@fundidor645 жыл бұрын
Excelent video, Thanks for Share, what is the work butane gas pressure you are using.? I meant what gas presure are in the burner. All the Best and thanks in advance ofr your answer
@luckygen10015 жыл бұрын
I use 55 kpa propane pressure at my burner.
@fundidor645 жыл бұрын
@@luckygen1001 Many thanks luckygen, excuse me y I made more question but your furnace really works well, you explain that the oil container is presurized, how much pressure is in it.? Kind regards
@fundidor645 жыл бұрын
Please accept my Apologies Sr. you said about the oil tank presurized in other video... Sorry
@luckygen10015 жыл бұрын
The oil container pressure is 300 kpa.
@christheother90885 жыл бұрын
Any predictions what would happen if you lost a full crucible on to that concrete floor? Nothing? Explosion?
@nicholashullander72114 жыл бұрын
How did you package the vacuum cleaner motor to quiet it?
@luckygen10014 жыл бұрын
Yes they make a lot noise but it can be reduced using a wood frame with lot of foam on the inside to deaden the noise.
@theghostofsw62763 жыл бұрын
So....what temperature is this at then?
@MatthewTinker-au-pont-blanc6 жыл бұрын
Very interesting, I have a natural gas supply in my workshop, I was wondering about using it with a blown burner. If I remember correctly, the Natural gas jets are smaller than Propane ones, I was wondering what diameter to make the jet tube! Thanks for all your interesting videos, a mine of information!! Regards, Matthew
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
30mm plus or minus 2mm will work with most small furnaces.
@MatthewTinker-au-pont-blanc6 жыл бұрын
Thanks for your reply, I was thinking about the gas tube size, yours is 5mm. Thanks again, Regards Matthew
@josealdringata64825 жыл бұрын
Sir can i use wood to in iron casting thanks..because that all i have..
@luckygen10015 жыл бұрын
Turn the wood into charcoal and then it will melt iron.
@JBFromOZ6 жыл бұрын
Aother great video thanks mate! any idea what temps you are at prior to pour?
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
1350 - 1400C.
@JBFromOZ6 жыл бұрын
Cheers mate
@michaelennen34326 жыл бұрын
I was wondering if it would be possible to re-melt continuously cast grey iron (it has the trade-name Durabar) and use that (as opposed to your recommendation of using cast iron disc brake rotors, for example).
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
If you are buying it not such a good idea but if you can get it for free.....
@michaelennen34326 жыл бұрын
So nothing technically standing in the way, only a cost issue. Got it. Thanks a lot.
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
Any cast iron can be used but it depends what the end use is. It can be trial and error to find a cast iron that is suitable for your needs and how available it is.
@alt-w71306 жыл бұрын
Thanks I enjoy watching your videos it's very Informative. I would like to know if I can make casting sand (green sand) with play sand and clay and what percentage sand to clay. It very difficult to get green sand where I live.
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
I use 7.5% bentonite clay to make green sand but using ordinary clay you will need well over 10% clay.
@alt-w71306 жыл бұрын
luckygen1001 Thanks for sharing.
@michaelclark28406 жыл бұрын
Amazing stuff!
@DudleyToolwright5 жыл бұрын
I was looking for a video on cast iron melting, excellent. Is there any way for a home gamer to make nodular or ductile cast iron. Add magnesium in some form?
@waqasshamas6 жыл бұрын
what material is used to make the bowl, how we can get this from market
@keithjurena93196 жыл бұрын
Proper preheat of combustion air is how to get higher temperatures. Preheat of fuel also helps but to lesser effect.
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
This furnace gets very hot without preheating the combustion air.
@rescobar85723 жыл бұрын
What percentage of ferrosilicon do you add to your melt?
@luckygen10013 жыл бұрын
0.25%.
@rescobar85723 жыл бұрын
@@luckygen1001 Thank you Sir!
@rabihhachem48136 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing Regarding welding does it need to add magnesium to the cast iron or it can be weld ?
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
Cast iron can be welded but you do not need to add magnesium.
@rabihhachem48136 жыл бұрын
luckygen1001 thank you
@plasmaguy56 жыл бұрын
Awesome work
@Migueldeservantes6 жыл бұрын
I feel so much envy....I have this really stupid question... I know that you don't do that much cast Iron but I guess that I don't have nothing to loose asking about it.... when you have done cast iron smelting... do you need high pressure on the air feeding blower to the furnace?? I mean I have a really nice smelter... but my air blower probably is not capable to put more than 2 psi... as the temperature rise.... thanks in advance.
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
I use a vacuum cleaner as a blower and gives the highest pressure of the easy to find blowers for home made furnaces.
@robcrawford96575 жыл бұрын
Excellent! how much ferrosilicon roughly?
@luckygen10015 жыл бұрын
0.25%
@hosseinhossein58276 жыл бұрын
i have a question : can we do that using natural gas? i hope you answer me . thank you for the video.
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
I have never tried natural gas so I can't answer you.
@leonmarut9176 жыл бұрын
good job mr
@shauntucker51456 жыл бұрын
new subscriber. can you melt cast iron using the ventury type of burners or does it have to by forced air?
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
Venturi burners will very slowly melt cast iron but may not get the iron hot enough to pour.
@AbbeyRoad691476 жыл бұрын
Hi. I see no videos casting stainless steel on youtube. GM casts a stainless exhaust manifold --- can you demonstrate melting and casting stainless?? Thanks!
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
Too difficult to do.
@markschulz35476 жыл бұрын
Do the finished pieces require post treatment of any sort?
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
Maybe a coat of paint but that is the only thing I can think of.
@sblack486 жыл бұрын
Why does the sand look so much different i.e. Dark grey vs red from the other videos? Does cast iron require different sand?
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
Sand for cast iron needs coal dust to give a better finish on the surface of the casting.
@khawk73655 жыл бұрын
Is the furnace still kicking. If so what shape is it in? H0w many melts have you done in it?
@luckygen10015 жыл бұрын
Yes the furnace still works. I have done about 20 iron melts in it and plenty of aluminium and bronze melts.
@khawk73655 жыл бұрын
@@luckygen1001 thank you gives me a little more confidence about my build. Watch "Part4 of casting aluminum at home furnace build out of 55 gallon drum. Insulation is installed" on KZbin kzbin.info/www/bejne/pH_Jo3d4nst4pdU
@bitmannz6 жыл бұрын
Hi, Thanks for another video. Do you make your own greensand? Do you have a 'recipe' for the mix with the coal dust in it? Also does chill matter in a cast iron part if you aren't going to be machining it? Thanks
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
Have a look at this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/aamXd6NuappsasU If no machining is required then chill does not matter.
@backyardmetalcasting6 жыл бұрын
Nice video, thanks for sharing this. I think you are brave to pour over concrete...I know I would have drips!
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
When cast iron spills onto the concrete floor it goes like buckshot and nothing else.
@AlecL6 жыл бұрын
I could be wrong but I think metals with lower melting temps are worse to spill?
@backyardmetalcasting6 жыл бұрын
Alec L I spilled pewter once and it bubbled and spit a bit...poured aluminum into a metal muffin pan on a drippy day once and it exploded...went up the side of my house the whole way to the gutters
@AlecL6 жыл бұрын
kzbin.info/www/bejne/mnKroJ-rpah4ocU I've seen a few videos like this and just made the assumption. I've had aluminium do that too. But nothing like the extent that's happened to you.
@hkkhgffh36135 жыл бұрын
Do you have an estimate how much kg you burn per hour? Thanks!
@PSUQDPICHQIEIWC6 жыл бұрын
I'm far lazier than you are. I learned two lessons tending a big coal-fired furnace. 1: it's hot work, so it's actually nice to do in cold weather 2: tending the furnace and blower distracts from tending the melt Accordingly, I made my new gas furnace more convenient and usable in freezing weather. The new furnace runs off the intermediate-pressure line (~10 psi) from the yard bomb with its own 500k BTU/h regulator. It runs fine in cold weather. The gas line solenoid, blower, and electric pilot are all toggled with a foot pedal. Instant on / instant off, all hands-free. That said, I still sometimes miss the coal furnace.
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
That is why I rarely do iron melts in summer.
@halamkajohn5 жыл бұрын
i was going to try 2 large propane torches. 1 large propane torch melted brass
@Landrew06 жыл бұрын
Easy-peasy: Wrap plastic tubing around the tank, and run hot water through it periodically.
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
I don't have source of hot water in my shed.
@damirdze5 жыл бұрын
@@luckygen1001 perhaps you may use the exhaust flames to heat the water and use it ... Just a thought.
@fredrickrari93384 жыл бұрын
Can you make cast iron from regular iron n steel scaps?
@luckygen10014 жыл бұрын
Yes you can and that is how cast iron is made now. Foundries in the past used pig iron.
@wesleyweldon19806 жыл бұрын
What type of crucible are you using?
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
Clay graphite crucible.
@wesleyweldon19806 жыл бұрын
luckygen1001 thank you.
@5thDragonDreamCaster5 жыл бұрын
Here's a link to a video related to the propane tanks. It's about storing liquid butane in a soda bottle. kzbin.info/www/bejne/hXXJkHWKf86de5o
@stevesyncox98933 жыл бұрын
Very cool
@MarksGoneWicked6 жыл бұрын
+1 for proper footwear!
@Chan-rc8oh6 жыл бұрын
Cast iron melt at what degrees...?? thanks...
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
1150C
@Engineer_Stepanov6 жыл бұрын
What you think about diesel fuel?
@alexandrevaliquette19414 жыл бұрын
Taste like chicken.
@aubreyaub6 жыл бұрын
chuckle. For a bit of excitement, sit your gas bottle on top of the flame, shouldn't freeze then. lol @ 7.31 on the clip, molten..? taking of slag..? not bad at all. Pump valves.? I buggered around for years, trying to get an oil burner going, finally got it. Never tried with propane. I may now go to it.?.!.? and well done. Ta.
@luckygen10016 жыл бұрын
They are well pump parts.
@robertschaeffer58615 жыл бұрын
AND THANK YOU...
@lvd20013 жыл бұрын
Is it possible to melt STAINLESS STEEL with propane?
@luckygen10013 жыл бұрын
You could try it, I have tried it
@lvd20013 жыл бұрын
@@luckygen1001 I could just just manage to melt brass...4-5hr..dare not try cast iron..may take 10hr..you did it with ease..Which makes me wondering if you tried ss....just normal propane..no special tricks?
@markneedham87262 жыл бұрын
@@lvd2001 FWIW If it takes that long, for brass, then somethings wrong. More heat, ie, more gas, more fan, or even less fan. ( fan could be making it cold) Red brass @ 1025C, Cast Iron 1204C, Stainless steel 1510C. As you can see brass is/should be easier than cast Iron.
@lvd20012 жыл бұрын
@@markneedham8726 you are right, there was something wrong, I found out later with luckygen... my propane tank froze up.. reduced the propane out put..I ahve not tried again..yet.. as I was melting about 5kg of brass at the time
@TangoCharlieAlpha4 жыл бұрын
Could you just wrap an electric blanket around the bottle in order to keep it warm?
@luckygen10014 жыл бұрын
Yes you can.
@RagingShrimp676 жыл бұрын
What about steel?
@aubreyaub6 жыл бұрын
Bessemer process, check it out on web. So you purge the molten "cast iron/ductile iron" ( steel with an excess of carbon) and burn the carbon out. Wots left is Steel.That's it. Easy hey!. Oh, rots of ruck.
@RagingShrimp676 жыл бұрын
I know the process in industrial setting, but what about melting and recasting steel scrap at home?
@ashkira26 жыл бұрын
RagingShrimp67 I think it's possible for small castings, but is much more difficult... Regular quartz sand can't withstand temperatures of liquid steel. Zircon sand with potassium phosphate binder must be used. Also molds must be preheated to red hot to get rid of water before pouring.
@joandar16 жыл бұрын
Unless I am mistaken Steel has a lower melting temperature than Cast Iron, Iron being the Element and Steel being an Alloy of Iron. Please correct me if I am wrong, I am here to learn. It is to do with Eutectic temp. Link to explain. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutectic_system Edit; Cheers from John, Australia.
@ashkira26 жыл бұрын
joandar1 Cast iron - 1100-1200C, steel - 1400-1500C. www.engineeringtoolbox.com/melting-temperature-metals-d_860.html