Colonizing Mars

[@francisdillinger5051]

You could make a really good hard sci-fi novel, Issac.

[@chrisnotyou]

I hope he doesn't narrate it.

[@irishspartanstudios]

His work inspires me, as I also write sci-fi! His works are great!

[@danielt7512]

@@chrisnotyou I would love for him to narrate it

[@chrisnotyou]

@@danielt7512 And I would not, see how that works?

[@danielt7512]

chris notyou 🤣

[@ezforsaken]

The amount of work, thought, design and research invested into videos like this, is just amazing.

[@spamregal]

"no tourist want to visit domes [on mars]" I can speak from a touristy perspective on earth, technology can enhance nature sightseeing: - Visiting the deserts in the middle east, yeah ok cool, but staying in the highest building on earth while there -> crazy awesome! - Going to the north pole, neat stuff, but traveling there with one of those nuclear icebreakers -> holy moly!

[@kickassandchewbubblegum639]

safari's....big rovers that carry passengers that drive around the landscape and see sights...obviously things will be built ahead to also go to like a tall building to see far out or certain activities that are both safe and need to sign a waiver for :P

[@stacy5533]

@@kickassandchewbubblegum639 below

[@scrubmeister6746]

I actually really love your voice dude , its so soothing. And I mean lots of big youtubers like Lathland have a "speech impediment" so just dont give a shit what people say and keep doing these awesome vids!

[@whateverman4945]

I agree and sometimes asmr it to fall asleep.

[@smorrow]

hg wells waw of the wowlds

[@kylepetrie2621]

I agree.

[@notspacekeeper]

It's not just his voice, but his speech patterns and the stress he uses in sentences. I could listen to this guy all day.

[@123chargeit]

I know right, I actually watch an old episode I have seen before to fall asleep. I have a hard time shutting down and it helps distract my mind.

[@fjdkfjdk]

Nice work! People forget about the nitrogen problem all the time - I'm glad you brought it up, and explained how gigantic a problem it is.

[@lleoem]

Actually, I was going to complain about the so-called nitrogen problem, because there is fixed nitrogen in the martian soil. See: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150325082341.htm

[@MusiCaninesTheMusicalDogs]

I feel like the script you created for this episode could be used in some sort of futuristic RPG game.

[@eac-ox2ly]

It sounded a bit like a snarky point and click adventure game set in mars.

[@sierrachief117]

Or a sci-fi shooter like Halo?

[@jackturner3867]

@@sierrachief117 lmao

[@xassix]

I can only imagine what martian social media must be like during this debate: Bioformers for magistrate 3020! Habitards go home! If you need to bring your enviroment wherever you go, you should have stayed in your moms basement on earth!

[@nickwalker4936]

xassix so underrated

[@imperialofficer6185]

necroposting but 3020 for a mars colony is a terribly pessimistic prediction :(

[@marcjones9209]

Let's build a wall and make the aliens pay for it

[@Lyle-xc9pg]

@@marcjones9209 lets send everyone like you to mars! And make you pay for the trip

[@floydlooney6837]

Full independence now! Republic of Mars forever! Disagree? may Phoboes land on your house.

[@maxfinazzo2443]

(chanting) Write a book, write a book, write a book!!!

[@griffinbeaumont7049]

ｗｒｉｔｅ　ａ　ｂｏｏｋ　ｗｒｉｔｅ　ａ　ｂｏｏｋᵖᵉⁿ ᶦᵗ ᵈᵒʷⁿ　ｗｒｉｔｅ　ａ　ｂｏｏｋᵖᵉⁿ ᶦᵗ ᵈᵒʷⁿｗｒｉｔｅ　ａ　ｂｏｏｋ　ｗｒｉｔｅ　ａ　ｂｏｏｋᵖᵉⁿ ᶦᵗ ᵈᵒʷⁿ　ｗｒｉｔeˢᵉⁿᵈ ᵘˢ ᵗʰᵉ ʷᵒʳᵈˢ ᵒʰ ᵐᶦᵍʰᵗʸ ᵒⁿᵉ pls

[@jasmineluxemburg6200]

We write book, we make money. We get food you get drunk.....

[@ethericboy]

Yeah cause he has a speech impediment that made me laugh so much I could`nt hear or pay much attention :)

[@gabrules2003]

People don't read books anymore

[@ethericboy]

@@gabrules2003 Whats a book?

[@michaeliline9510]

I have been a subscriber to this channel for months and I can see how the quality of videos has gradually improved over time. Since then when I come back from work every Thursday I get myself a cold beer and am always excited for the new episode which is always so informative and interesting. Great video as always, your productions have become a part of my weekly routine. Please keep up the good work!

[@BrianTurnerOfficial]

The best channel ever

[@purple54997]

his accent is annoying

[@HandlesAreStupid11]

@@purple54997 it isn’t an accent, he has a legitimate speech impediment. He used to have a little disclaimer about it, but it’s been a while since I’ve seen him put it on screen or mention it.

[@brightax7502]

@@purple54997 who cares his content is amazing

[@KalelSonOfDurel]

Just sat down with my coffee. Perfect timing, as always.

[@SeraphX2]

Ugh, thank you for saying we need to experiment on the moon first. Musk thinks we need to skip the moon and go straight to Mars. I think that's stupid. Just like you said, we need to experiment and learn how to handle an off-Earth colony and we need them close to home in case of emergencies until we work out some of the more glaring kinks.

[@g.seangourlay2593]

Robert Burke Couldn't agree more, I've been a lunatic for years, but I think musk is just keeping his eye on the future. Mars does have a lot more carrying capacity, and long term potential, but I for one would want to concentrate my energy and resources and eventually die on Luna. She is a harsh mistress though, so I don't fault Elon too much.

[@kokofan50]

I couldn't disagree with you more. The moon first mentality doesn't make sense. The moon is a wasteland that makes Mars look almost tropical. There are lots of resources on Mars the moon simply doesn't have. The atmosphere on Mars as thin as it maybe is a game changer. Furthermore, there's very little that's going to be transferrable to other moons or planets. I've found that the real reason people pick the moon first is because they're unable to people survive on their own, but that's something we're going to have to learn to do.

[@rvhill69]

Musk is a very foolish man. look at his push to put cyber implants in the human brain, like that wont go very bad very fast. if you think it a good ideal, just look at Snowden, vault 7, windows 10, or the smart internet of things. it is impossible to secure any communications!

[@therockinboxer]

Obviously, Musk doesn't share all of his ideas or plans to colonize Mars, because he want's his businesses to be successful on their own accord, and without outside influence, or having to run everything past his investors. It is no coincidence that Elon also produces solar panels, batteries, boring machines, and hypertubes... as for the BMI, or the Brain Machine Interfaces that Robert Hill is speaking of.. you are talking anywheres from 50-200 years in the future. In the meantime they will be used to help people with disabilities, and eventually, connect you to the internet. And if you think that the internet is *that* problematic, then you're simply not a realist. Sure, there will always be setbacks to technology and interfacing... but perhaps that's why Musk is working *now* to develop these technologies so that we don't lag behind the A.I. overlords that you are worried will hack your windows laptop. Totally different.

[@Roxor128]

Robert Hill "Internet of Things" is short for "Internet of Things That Should Not Be On The Internet". Alternatively, you could say "IoT" stands for "Insecurity of Totality".

[@richsposato]

Why build roofs over canyons when it is much easier to put a dome over a crater? Mars has thousands of craters in the 0.2 km to 5 km range. Those are prime candidates for domed cities.

[@Pos3id0n.]

at the end of the video when he was showing all of the craters east of the massive canyon I thought the same exact thing

[@DrMackSplackem]

+Rich Sposato Even better, there are lava tubes with skylights you can dome over.

[@LetsgoPats56]

Gonna be a bit harder to funnel a water supply through there though. Canyons would be easier to dam and create a reservoir from which our early colonies can draw water

[@MichaelDerryGameitect]

The rim of a crater is much more regular than the walls of a canyon. There would be a lot of extra work walling up holes (tributaries that cut through your intended line) and walling up the ends. With more craters than canyons, there's a better opportunity to choose a crater exactly the size you want and with fewer location restrictions, since craters are scattered across the entire surface. Structurally, arches and domes are very similar so I don't see much advantage either way. The main benefits of canyons, despite the more uneven walls, are the general footprint (rectangular Vs circular space planning) and the potential to expand by simply extending the roof and removing, or simply putting openings in the old end-wall. Once it's built, it may be worth keeping as an airlock/fail-safe in case part of the roof loses pressure. Though, if safety systems are already fairly trustworthy, people may find the psychological benefit of longer views and a less claustrophobic space to be worth the trade-off.

[@Deadlyish]

my guess would be so you can gradually expand the habitat along the length of the canyon as your colony grows and you collect more terraforming materials, air, water etc to fill it with.

[@hamentaschen]

9:34 - the flag, "get your ass to mars"! That's awesome! You are awesome! Your videos are awesome! Happy Arthursday!!

[@WillzMaster85]

Hmm so first it was upward bound, now it's outward. Ever thought about looking inward for the next series? Like going deep into the oceans, inner and outer core, evolution (on a pure educational basis), animal behavior, etc. and just more earthly topics. It's much we don't know about out world, believe it or not haha

[@SC2warms]

While this channel usually discuss what we can do in space with colonization, it could also be fun to allocate an episode on colonizing the deep seas or colonizing deep seas of Europa (moon)?

[@TheCossak]

I agree, it would be nice to imagine what the Earth would be like in the next couple of hundred years after climate change. Perhaps we would colonize Antarctica and ocean cities.

[@nonavailable1755]

Another great topic would be "Simulation". Alongside the colonization of space and the oceans, maybe we will start "colonizing" virtual simulated worlds. It will be interesting to hear a discussion about how plausible it is, what are the milestones on this path, and how will it affect our psychology and society.

[@5000mahmud]

He has discussed underwater cities.

[@TheCossak]

Oh that's cool. I'm new to his channel so will have to explore the older videos/topics he's already discussed.

[@mikefellows4879]

Isaac, your Outward Bound playlist is absolutely awesome. You’re work is greatly appreciated.

[@robertweidner2480]

Ebenezer Scrooge: Hello, you there, boy! Boy: Me sir? Ebenezer Scrooge: Yes! You my good fellow! What day is today? Boy: Today? Why it's Arthursday of course!

[@g.seangourlay2593]

Robert Weidner Hah! Awesome!

[@shodaddydrunk]

Robert Weidner Comment of the day:))))

[@thonktank1239]

"It's Arthursay!" said Scrooge to himself. "I haven't missed it. The Spirits of sience and futurism have done it all in one night. They can do anything they like. Of course they can. Of course they can!

[@KomatiPoort]

Bring him back in less than 5 minutes and I'll give you half a crown!

[@tabathic3560]

Robert Weidner r

[@Hovado_Lesni]

Isaac i found this channel about a year ago and ever since I watched all old episodes. You make my Thursday exiting. Love what you are doing. Thanks

[@dantess2693]

Loving the start of this new series Isaac! I like how the narrative you weave through it really immerses the viewer and takes them on a journey.

[@HansDunkelberg1]

Yes, he knows what he does. The video is designed very consciously.

[@michaelhepburn4952]

This is the best articulated and most comprehensive video on colonizing Mars I’ve ever watched. Thank you!

[@Fightosaurus]

Truly some of the best content on KZbin. Thank you so much for producing it, Isaac Arthur!

[@Cartoonicus]

YES! You told me just about everything I needed to know for writing my own fictional story concerning a partly terraformed Mars. Thank you.

[@willpierce5333]

Same. U think I’d need to cite him?

[@valrond]

I didn't get the notification, but it was time and I just went to Isaac's channel. Wow, Colonizing, Mars, great, one of my favourite subjects. Enjoying with a coffee and cake.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

I actually posted late, someone sent me a very obnoxious message a few minutes before rollout and I got distracted trying to reply without screaming :)

[@lazaruslong697]

Give him to us Isaac Arhur, we know how to make obnoxious people disappear. :)

[@nevadaangel3295]

We got your back Isaac !!.. My philosophical mentor.. cant get enough of your videos

[@Zigurath100]

quaid START THE REACTOR A mars bar in a mars bar?

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

I wondered if anyone would catch that :)

[@ZayanK]

F R E E M A R S

[@ronschlorff7089]

So funny, I love those little "gems" to find in all your episodes :D

[@theFRACTALREIGN]

See you at the party Rektor 💪

[@annoyed707]

Where is that 1970s Mars Bar commercial with the clumsy monster?

[@halseylynn5161]

Yay, new series! Thank you for making this, this is really cool and nice information to put out into the world!

[@benjaminmjones5021]

This is easily one of the most beautiful channels on youtube. Amazing work!

[@dlt074]

I can see people going there to get away from the oppressive governments of Earth. Personal liberty is a very powerful motivator and worthy of the risks involved with colonization.

[@g.seangourlay2593]

Dennis Hempler True, and it might be economic instead of political liberalism, especially after the first colonies go up. Being expensive to move things to or from earth, the rest of the solar system would seem far more economically open and connected as opposed to insular Terra.

[@therockinboxer]

Freedom and liberty take constant work, much of which can be lost in a generations time. I don't think running from Earth's problems will automatically solve them for Mars

[@wb40t3]

Yeah I can definitely see people moving to Mars to start their own country. After all, people did fight battles over Sealand.

[@ls200076]

W b40t and then people will flee mars for economic and political issues

[@jcb1832]

Mars : ONLY FOR ANARCHISTS NO GO ZONE

[@TheGunmanChannel]

Make Mars Great Again.

[@altha-rf1et]

Send Liberals there, it will make Mars Great again and make Earth Greater again

[@condescendingonlineman2136]

But, mars isn't even great yet... How are we going to do it again, if it was never great to begin with.

[@anon9579]

TomeOfBattle Helium for farming and terraforming and Zodanga for industry and mining

[@ronschlorff7089]

The recent NASA probe evidence of water on the surface in the past indicates it may have been "great" once, at least for supporting life like us! But it now has other problems for us: cold, air, and radiation.

[@666sarvan]

No thank you

[@LemonChad]

"The lack of any serious atmosphere makes flight on Mars very difficult" Ingenuity: But it's a risk I'm willing to take

[@HansDunkelberg1]

You are talking about the helicopter Ingenuity on board of Perseverance (compare kzbin.info/www/bejne/p6jHl5d7a9eog9k ). If this prototype can fly, the principle to use light materials and many rotations per minute should work also for larger craft, rather soon.

[@sumreensultana1860]

Ingenuity flew congratulations

[@briancooke1134]

Just found out about and subscribed to Isaac's channel here, and I'm stoked to start at the beginning. Absolutely love what I've seen so far!

[@milky_wayan]

welcome brian

[@karialatalo2447]

Remember to check the Facebook group as well!

[@smorrow]

You are going to lose so much time.

[@dougbarlow1409]

Happy Arthursday everyone!

[@dougbarlow1409]

Also, First!

[@patricksullivan3887]

Doug Barlow I was first last week and I must say that shouldering the responsibility of the first comment on Arthursday is no miniscule task. You don't want to go the way of spacehog7649 I hear he got addicted to methamphetamines and is in a homeless shelter now. Welcome to the club, best of luck and Godspeed.

[@lazaruslong697]

Again, been waiting whole day and just a few minutes before Isaac uploads, the customer comes in. :D But who cares, the video is up and my evening will be awesome! :D

[@alexgoldsmith8598]

Doug Barlow Episode dropped on my birthday 👌

[@Thehairysoap]

I really want to post that just once.

[@earllarrabee7026]

Issac Arthur, I have to congratulate you on making the coolest you tube channel ever. Seriously, I cant think of anything else out there that is so inspiring and interesting. Moreover, everything you talk about seems like it would be the most logical approach as to how humans will venture off into space. Everything is so well thought out. This is Brilliant!

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Thanks Earl!

[@afishyfish6707]

^this^

[@jiggerypokery3761]

How about colonizing the sun?

[@HusaniaHUN]

Center Progressive good idea, we launch at night!

[@GeorgeVajagich]

Center Progressive hey I am a center progressive as well

[@julielee7896]

North Korea already did it.

[@AndDiracisHisProphet]

Do you know what an apartment on the sun THIS size costs?

[@aldenburton6240]

sure but do it at night or you will get burned.... come on as I really had been serious

[@defaultname9214]

HELLLLLLLLL YEAHHHHHHHHHH I'm honestly surprised you haven't tackled Mars colonization by now! You've discussed so many awesome, crazy ways to colonize deep space that I hadn't noticed you hadn't gone in depth on Mars yet. Keep it up!!

[@robertcampbell6349]

Love the cameo by Marvin the Martian!

[@ajaylegend8163]

It's amazing how you so casually keep talking about such magnitude of endeavours. Keep going, we all love it.

[@lastnameford7703]

Really cool I hope we do it in my lifetime with thousands of people on multiple planets

[@nonohitters]

You're one of the best on all of KZbin man. Your calm style and extensive knowledge are really great

[@AS-rl5vr]

Bioformers: *Exist* DIO: "I'VE ABANDONED MY HUMANITY, JOJO!!!"

[@osoboe]

I love this channel so much. Really nailed the intro on this series :)

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Thanks! The series intro concept stated with the Upward Bound series and it's become a bit of new norm, and I'm particularly fond of the song used.

[@TheMasonX23]

Happy Isaac Arthursday everybody!

[@rubikfan1]

This show is getting better and better. Glad i was in it from the beginning

[@nonavailable1755]

Isaac, thank you for your great work!

[@hthytrgh]

I love Thursdays!!! Keep up the great work Isaac!! U da man, man!

[@richsposato]

"On the top of Mount Everest, it is fairly hard to breathe." That is an understatement! That's like saying it is hard to breathe at the bottom of a lake. The peak is in the Death Zone, the altitude above which the body is dying because there is insufficient oxygen at the low pressure to sustain the body. You can't pull in enough oxygen from each breath to keep yourself alive.

[@g.seangourlay2593]

Rich Sposato A little hyperbolic, I think. People do scale it without oxygen. And there are Nepalese gene variants that allow them to get by with much less oxygen than we do. Not fair to compare it with water.

[@colind5092]

G. Sean, very true. If you want to do it without oxygen, you just need a lot more time to acclimate. Still very difficult, but has been done many times. But, going with what Rich said, if you get dropped on the peak somehow from sea level, you'd die in a few minutes as your brain is starved of oxygen.

[@garpikemike1]

Colin D I think the guy speaking in this video was starved for oxygen for awhile. He speaks like a 3 year old deaf kid.

[@massimocole9689]

Its a speech impediment, he has subtitles if you want but after awhile its pretty unnoticeable.

[@Jupiter__001_]

Yes. The first person to scale it solo was also the first person to do it without oxygen :D

[@Ali-lm7uw]

I trust people who have long videos, as it shows that they are passionate about their work, and do not post videos for money.

[@TeensierPython]

Why dont we terraform earth? there are plenty of places here that people dont/cant live now.

[@feynstein1004]

I've been wondering the same thing for ages but I guess it perhaps boils down to ownership issues? If you wanted to terraform say Australia, you'd need to own the land you wish to terraform and the legal process for that might be quite cumbersome. On top of that, you might even face opposition from local people saying foreigners shouldn't be allowed even indirect ownership of their land. It could be a political nightmare honestly. There's also no way to know if it'd be profitable. Neither is colonizing Mars, I know but with Mars, there's the possibility of eternal glory and immortalization in history. My point is, for similar costs, the Mars endeavour has more possible rewards than terraforming Earth. Which is probably why no one's bothering to do it. Just my opinion.

[@midsummerstation3345]

what happens when a giant meteor strikes earth? Should we allow humanity to extinct ?

[@JP212nyc]

exactly! but that would be too easy and logical i suppose. we see we are going in the wrong direction, we should just turn around. but that won't happen and everyone knows it. it's like telling water not to flow downhill.

[@rayhoodoo847]

Earth? You mean Orth?

[@madzangels]

You can't locally terraform, weather isn't paying any attention to country borders lol do something in one part of the World, could wreak havoc in another part of the World as it's all interconnected, so unless you had one world government, then no, but on very small localised scales we already do directly manipulate the weather for crops all over the World, but that's not terraforming...I think there's some sentimental value to leave the Earth as it is, I'm all for manipulating other planets, but I'm not fond of the idea of us messing around with Earth like that, as it stands, it's habitable and our technology has evolved plenty fair enough and will continue to do so, we should adapt to Earth, not try and adapt nature to us - that's an ugly idea...As it currently stands Earth is our only home, it would be a fucking dumb idea, and massively arrogant considering how ignorant we still are.

[@Earlesstag]

Hey Isaac, I started watching when I saw your linked video while watching awnser with Joe. Ever since then I have spent hours listening to your videos driving to work and while working. You truly are an artist and provide such amazing content. Keep doing what you do man

[@JustinMakesVideos]

More and more I feel convinced that living in an artificial orbital habitat would be more pleasurable than a ground colony. In a way an orbital habitat may be better than Earth itself. Perhaps robots will be given the task of terraforming while humans simply live in orbit around planets and moons until its ready, centuries down the line. This makes a lot of sense. However, is there even a point to any of this if we can simply simulate our version of paradise? So many possibilities. Thought provoking as always.

[@Duranous1]

Haven't you seen Total Recall, just turn on the alien atmosphere generators on mars, job done.

[@marcjones9209]

Yeah how are these guts missing this. It's so obvious 😮😜

[@marcjones9209]

Guys not guts pmsl

[@jmseipp]

Problem is that any gasses like Oxygen released on Mars will simply leak out into Space.

[@CarloDavid]

Conventional flight may be hard on Mars, but with a virtually non-existent atmosphere and a third the gravity of Earth, I could see suborbital flights zipping around Mars at an altitude just high enough to clear the tallest mountains.

[@SoberGin]

Arthursday! Woooooo! Gotta love those high-quality, high density videos! May be only 1 video per-week, but your videos are so dense they seem like a whole weeks worth! Great as always.

[@pyrosauria7444]

While mars may not have that many resources and may be a bitch to colonize, I do see some interesting stuff we could do. We could move much of our industry (especially hazardous industry) to mars and have it be the Industrial center of Solar (*insert adeptus mechanicus*). Additionally we can use mars as a standing point for more frontier colonization of Solar such as colonizing the moons around our gas giants and outbound planets and dwarf planets. And finally, if nothing else, we could just take it to protect earth from invading alien forces. I'd imagine mars would be a strategic position for any sort of attack on earth and around Solar. What do you think? :o

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

So many 40k fans on the channel :)

[@mikezeitgeist2]

Or look for alien fossils!

[@abz998]

Pyroskies Hopefully they'll resuscitate human civilisation if earth ever goes through a dark era.

[@pyrosauria7444]

Isaac Arthur heh, but seriously, what do you think on my proposal for Mars? :o

[@abz998]

Pyroskies Not Ozzy but IMO it would be cheaper to place heavy industries on large asteroids. Gravity would allow for terrestrial industrial processes while still low enough to reduce costs in a number of ways. Also there is the extra bonus of having easy access to resources in space and solar power (which is the best option until we figure out fusion).

[@karialatalo2447]

Once more an exceptional episode! Thank you Isaac and the team!

[@WindmillForTheLand]

Arthursday on my birthday! So happy :D

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Happy Birthday!

[@WindmillForTheLand]

Thank you! :D

[@sverrg]

I watch all your stuff and just now felt a need to randomly thank you in case you see this comment. You are a gifted man, these are invaluable, thank you so much :)

[@TraditionalAnglican]

Note to those mocking Isaac’s accent (it’s actually a speech impediment he’s been going to a speech therapist for decades for) - Isaac encouraged you to use the Closed Captions button, but you chose not to use it & mock his speech impediment instead. I guess you’re the same people who park in Handicapped Spaces so you can see the look on crippled people’s faces when they can’t find a place to park - You must especially love it when they’re “wheelchair bound” as well. Or, maybe you’re the type of people who enjoy kicking the cane out from under some person who’s using it so you can watch them trip. And, you’re the reason I (& many others) prefer animals to many humans...

[@jonkirk2118]

This is fast becoming my favourite channel. Fantastic content! Many thanks.

[@timrobinson513]

By the time terraforming is finished we'd have been living on mars for thousands of years using smaller habitats. So when it's finally done we wouldn't need it anymore.

[@leahparsuidualc666]

Just ... oowoowh! - If all episodes are at least a bit like this - well planned, easy to follow structure, enriched by unhectical imagery - well, might be i binge-watch it. Totally! And when my eyes are worn out i just listen and let the narrator put me, myself and i into a homecoming-mode cruise to the outward bounds. - Well done! And thanks for sharing.

[@Rubashow]

Imagine the eye rolling of a guy who was frozen for 300 years, waking up, only to see a solar system spanning cvilisation, still broken up in groups arguing about petty shit. "We think people should focus their energies on kindness and mutual support, unlike those losers at Olympus Mons, who think we should waste our energies to advance justice and solidarity."

[@g.seangourlay2593]

Rubashow It's not that we argue but how we argue that should roll eyes. People are always going to have competing interests, and so long as there is a good framework for making final decisions we needn't be worried. (Also, whether or not to terraform the planet probably can't be called a "petty" issue. It would be a huge expense of resources and would affect everyone's lives on the surface.)

[@TCBYEAHCUZ]

"In every age In every place The deeds of men Remain the same"

[@rebelbeammasterx8472]

200,000 BCE: No, this is my cave! 1,000 BCE: No this is my territory! 1000 CE: No this is my galaxy arm!

[@Rubashow]

This is no laughing matter. A galaxy arm has barely enough resources for one race of hyperadvanced cyborgs.

[@ericjohnson7234]

That is easy to answer, as much as i hate to note, if we run out of room, we will either kill over or tightly ration food and space.

[@SECONDQUEST]

Woo! Excellent video as always! Hyped for the rest of the series!

[@user-yg7qg8xj4k]

Does Elon Musk watch this channel?

[@Noble_OverDramaticShoeBOO1]

yes

[@jolisan3920]

Yes

[@koloravit]

this channel is amazing. it feels like, the voice of asimov has risen from beyond and talks on youtube

[@duncanbedford4765]

We will never,ever colonise Mars....❤

[@samr.england613]

Nor will we ever really want to. These people are total dreamers. (And none of them have any idea of what it will entail to actually live on Mars.)

[@omnimetabell]

Hey Arthur Isaac, I have gotten through your entire catalog. What a wonderful series. I very much enjoy your long form videos about these topics while mining astroids in the game Elite: Dangerous. It's a perfect little relaxing storm of awesomeness. I'm looking forward to all of your future videos! Thank you!

[@EnigmaHood]

It's easier to colonize Antarctica or build cities on the oceans than it is to terraform mars. So if the idea is just to find more living space for humans, that's not going to happen for a long time. They would be removed from a nuclear war on Earth though, so there's that. Not having all your eggs in one basket is a good strategy to prevent human extinction, but taking preventative action against that is kind of like taking measures to mitigate global warming. We know it's a problem but no one wants to spend a lot of money to fix it until it becomes a real problem.

[@christophermeyer5986]

I think a program on how to make the earth more habitable would be interesting. How many tropical 'island's ecumenopolises could be built in the Pacific Ocean alone? One of the principles of biology is that life alters its environment to make it more supportive of life. ie Surtsey the volcanic island and the succession of life as it was colonized from bare basalt. Maybe our present alterations of the atmosphere is in line with that principle if it makes glaciated areas able to host biomass that they can't at the present CO2 levels.

[@kokofan50]

There's only so much we can prevent from happening or will be able to in the foreseeable future. If the Yellowstone volcano erupts tomorrow, we're screwed. However, there's better reason to leave Earth: leaving Earth! Staying on Earth is like staying in the same town for your whole life.

[@EnigmaHood]

No, a single volcano would not render all of humanity extinct. And no, just leaving Earth for different scenery is hardly a "better reason".

[@kokofan50]

Last time the Yellowstone volcano erupted it covered most of North America in several feet of ash, killing most plants and animals on the continent, and causing what's basically a decade long nuclear winter. We might survive that, but I'm not willing to take chances on the survival of humanity. I'm not talking about doing it for different "scenery". I'm talking about turning humans into a space fairing civilization. I want humans to be more than just some clever monkeys on one little planet. Call my egotistical and/or greedy if you want. However, there's a hell of a lot more universe out there, and I want humanity to claim it's fair share of it.

[@EnigmaHood]

I did a quick search on the Yellowstone volcano and found no mention of it ever causing a decade long nuclear winter, so citation is needed. What I did find is that it last erupted 2.1 million, 1.3 million, and 630,000 years ago. So even if is as dangerous as you assert, it's no more frequent than asteroid impacts. This is something we would have to plan for in the long run, but it wouldn't happen "tomorrow" as you stated, that's silly. Just doing it for the sake of doing it is not a good enough reason. This is an undertaking that costs a lot of money and changes people's lives, not to mention it's very dangerous. You better have a good reason to do it otherwise no one will ever do it for the sake of doing it.

[@Michael-pk7pf]

I just discovered your channel.. That is the most thought out discussion I have come across. 10/10... I will study all of your videos.

[@hansolo4017]

all in favor of making all Thursdays into national holidays?

[@AndDiracisHisProphet]

national holiday each week? fuck yea!

[@simonpetrikov3992]

Han Solo Hell ya.

[@theColJessep]

A planetary holiday! I want 52 additional days off, too...

[@fatetestarossa2774]

Hell ya.

[@tonybertucci2834]

LAZY

[@Raketemensch-fl3sv]

This is awesome. I'm gonna be marathoning this channel after work. No idea how i've been ignorant of it up to now.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Welcome to the channel!

[@Raketemensch-fl3sv]

I changed my mind. After watching a bunch more videos, i've decided this channel is absolutely F**KING AWESOME. Really has the perfect balance of imagination/speculation, factual depth, and accessibility for lay people like me who are interested in these topics but don't have a very thorough technical understanding of physics, etc. And just the right amount of (good) humor injected in. Keep it up!

[@thorium222]

There was a paper recently that sugessted to make a strong artificial magnetic field for mars (e.g. PV and supraconducting cables in oribt). Then within 100 to 200 years an earthlike atmosphere should form all by itself by mars' gravity accumulating matter, the paper concluded. Sounds easy enough apart from the fact that the magnetic field generatour would have to be gigantic. What's your take on this?

[@solanumtinkr8280]

I would ask if an orbital ring can do the same thing, if so 2 bird with one stone and easier landing to boot.. Might be worth posting on the channels facebook group.

[@solanumtinkr8280]

I asked. "Yes, its one method." ~ Isaac Arthur

[@TheEvilmooseofdoom]

I'm a little fuzzy on how the magnet causes mars to accumulate matter..

[@pflernak]

+Lensflare Deviant Well somewhere between 5 to 300 tons of matter (cosmic dust small meteorites) fall to Earth every year. But as I understand it the point of the magnetic field would be to keep the Sun from stripping Mars of its atmosphere. That way gasses escaping from the planets crust could accumulate over time. It would potentially start a greenhouse effect that fuels itself. The thicker the atmosphere the more heat Mars will be able to retain. The warmer the planet the thicker the atmosphere will get as a result stuff like CO2 on the poles melting and entering the atmosphere. www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/V2050/pdf/8250.pdf

[@joshuarichardson6529]

Personally, I'm very fond of Metallic Hydrogen and a bunch of Tokamak Reactors all sitting on a large ring. Once it's built, all you need to do is keep feeding it hydrogen, shoot electricity through them metallic hydrogen, and you can make the magnetic field whatever strength you want, just by turning your fusion reactors on and off as needed.

[@stinknus]

I was pleasantly surprised by the comment sections of your videos. They aren't the cesspool of garbage that they normally are on most youtube videos. There is actually discussion happening here, I don't know how long its been since I seen that anywhere. I like what you got here keep up the good work.

[@the11382]

Awesome. You don't necessarily have to terraform all the way. A small amount of terraforming(let's say enough for liquid water to exist) can go a long way. Even if the atmosphere is 1/4th of what it is on mars, it can reduce costs in the long term by reducing dust storms as well as increasing the temperature and oxygen levels in the atmosphere. And how about Fluoride? I thought Mars didn't contain any.

[@Yutani_Crayven]

the11382 The most important part of it is increased atmospheric pressure to enable a) liquid water and b) better shielding from radiation

[@the11382]

The increased atmospheric pressure could also be good as meteor shielding. A disadvantage of terraforming would be the increasing launch costs of rockets. Which isn't a problem when you have a space elevator or Launch loop.

[@Yutani_Crayven]

Or a forcing function for better propulsion and other spacefraft technology

[@lmenascojr]

Turn this episode into a tv/cable network series PLEASE! It would run for a decade or more and would raise another Star Trek/Star Wars generation that would finally get us out there!

[@thedebateroom]

Mars does not have a stable axis of rotation--how will this affect the tethering?

[@liamhalliday8437]

Just found your videos, recommended to me. What an impressive collection, looking forward to some binge watching, and ty for all the hard work this must have taken

[@RieXtheXRaider]

(Thursday Intensifies)

[@jasontoddman7265]

Your videos just get better and better. Please keep up the good work.

[@ThanksIfYourReadIt]

"We need to colonize Mars not beacuse it is pointless, but beacuse it is Hard!"

[@killroywashere1254]

Because its there!!

[@Rmanzss48]

Just found you sir I love this channel bindged you for like three days now I'm on the road a lot. Love your way of breaking things down to a highly scientific way but still easy to understand. I stutter especially when nervous.

[@96Bogg]

Isaac, what's your opinion on "The expanse" TV show ? Do you think it's good ?

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

I like the show and the book series, by TV scifi standards they do a good job from a story and science angle.

[@96Bogg]

Thanks for the reply, I'm happy to hear that you know them already !

[@dinkomx]

I was thinking the same thing, This episode made me appreciate a little bit more the expanse series and I found a lot of similarities on what its going on in the TV show and what Arthur shows in this video.

[@jamoflys]

This video made me think of The Expanse and Mars. Love both of those shows. I wonder if the writers have been "influenced' by Arthur's concepts??

[@ivanatreides]

If they are not, they should.

[@beachedrhino]

You programs are so good and in-depth. Thank you for what you do.

[@vutesaqu]

Like then watch, (because it's always great)

[@lazaruslong697]

Always, but on on this channel only. Because we simply know. :D

[@MiningwithPudding]

Well, not JUST this channel for me, but it is one of the few.

[@billsugden3734]

Pesvut Agreed! Thursday is great, not only Isaac Aurthur but my New Scientist subscription.

[@cpypcy]

Definitely!

[@condescendingonlineman2136]

No, when i feel i have liked it, then i will like it.

[@Voyager_AU]

I love your intros and outros so much! The videos too of course 😄

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Thanks!

[@AlexM-wq7in]

Importing Nitrogen is not going to be a concern early in the Terraforming process and creating an artificial magnetosphere certainly won't. Mars' thicker atmosphere would last millions of years without needing an artificial magnetosphere. Just creating a thick CO2 atmosphere, with oceans, rain, rivers and a little bit of oxygen for plants (which can be done in just a few decades) has massive benefits for colonists even if they can't breath initially. They'll be able to grow crops outside, walk outside without a pressure suit, have much larger exterior-pressure domes, do fish farming in oxygenated ponds, not have to worry about radiation etc. At that point, with plants naturally proliferating on Mars, it's just a matter of time (~900 years) before the mostly-CO2 atmosphere becomes a mostly oxygen atmosphere. This will happen without much effort being needed. The Apollo astronauts breathed 300-millibar pure-oxygen atmospheres for up to two weeks without any issue and you can actually go as low as 122 millibars. We don't need nitrogen to breath, we get nitrogen through our food. Plants will have enough in the regolith as concentrated Nitrate beds exist on Mars and the Phoenix lander found 0.1%-1% nitrogen concentration in windblown sediments. We can also keep a good deal of CO2 in the atmosphere without it getting toxic because it's the partial pressure that actually matters, not the concentration. Terraforming isn't going to be about creating a perfect replica of Earth and it won't be some exhausting effort where we have to wait millennia for the payoff. It'll happen gradually, with short-term intermediate goals being completed while the end-goal is still a thousand years away. Same with Venus, the advantage to floating colonies of being able to mine the surface without being melted or crushed by the air pressure is going to be a huge incentive to begin terraforming even if you don't yet have a breathable atmosphere or enough water for oceans.

[@giovannifoulmouth7205]

How would you create a thick enough CO2 atmosphere though? I know Mars already has some CO2, but that's nowhere near enough for a comfy 1 atm pressure. Are you referring to extracting CO2 out of minerals or shipping it to Mars from other sources?

[@AlexM-wq7in]

​@@giovannifoulmouth7205 CO2 from the Martian the crust. If you heat up the planet a small amount initially (either with solar mirrors, nuclear-powered factories or comet impacts, or some combination thereof), then CO2 will outgas from rocks and minerals in the first 200 meters of the crust, which is about 1% CO2 by weight. That gives Mars a 0.3 atm pressure atmosphere of CO2. That is enough to make it so that we no longer need spacesuits outside. This greenhouse gas atmosphere would also trap in heat from the sun, and additional heat from solar mirrors, to turn the Mars into a temperate planet. One with rainfall, rivers, lakes, oceans, fish, grasslands, cropland and forests, but no complex surface animals (besides human beings with gas masks) outdoors. Not a fully Earthlike planet, but a planet that has met us halfway. Over the following thousand years most of the CO2 would slowly get turned into oxygen by plants, reducing the planet's greenhouse effect, leading to more solar mirrors being built to bounce more back light onto Mars to keep the temperature warm. So, about a thousand years from now, Mars will still have a temperature climate but now also have a breathable oxygen atmosphere. It would still be a lot lower air pressure than what is found on Earth, but it would be similar to the atmosphere breathed on the Apollo missions or Skylab, with a sufficiently higher oxygen fraction compensating for lower total air pressure. Mars may never be exactly like Earth, but it will be within tolerable human limits. There are people living in high-altitude towns a long way above sea level who are breathing a lot less oxygen right now than our Martian colonists would be.

[@maincoon6602]

The Mars base has to support itself in the long run. How can we do that is the question? Using a Union work force on Mars on all mining operations.

[@experiment506]

GET YOUR ASS TO MARS. SEND ME TO MARS. LET ME DIE ON MARS NASA.

[@therockinboxer]

I just want to hang out, read books, listen to music, converse with fellow martians, help them with their work, create art installments, build some martian furniture, or maybe make the first martian bricks so i can have a nice little patio to do all of this on. Plus, I'd never have to mow my grass again! (will pets be allowed?)

[@milky_wayan]

pshh Titan is the real land of the emo. No sunshine.

[@experiment506]

+Milky Wayan I just want to choke and die on mars for human progress

[@bob13513]

Death road to fuckin universal understanding

[@teroblepuns]

My guess is Space X will be first.

[@nattyphysicist]

Its time for a new Star Trek with Isaac Arthur as the main writer. I love the storytelling in these videos. Very captivating and illuminating. Thanks!

[@andydina378]

Dear Isaac, can you please give us back Brandon Liew, "Into the Storm" Without it, some essential filling is missing! Thanks.

[@AlaskanBallistics]

I really like the historical references to the names of the stations in this video

[@TheEventHorizon909]

9:27 "Get your ass to Mars, Terraforming Techniques" Hahahaha I see what you did there.. Next thing you know, hes going to name the Mars Colony "Watney Base"

[@bradygrace]

Love this channel! Good job my friend!

[@theutopianoutopioan464]

We choose to go to Mahs, Not because it is easy, but because it is hahd!

[@TheDom800]

I think that was my favorite episode to date!! wow

[@BigFoe]

for maous

[@MicroageHD]

Is he doing this on purpose to troll us?!

[@Amoraszune]

Microage Yes. He's a loser.

[@edouardmortier3609]

Eewrth and maous yes appoaches yes

[@artiyt9008]

All I heard him say was har har har or wah wah wah

[@PinkasBrown44]

Nothing against this Irish or Kansas or whatever accent this is, but as someone who doesn´t speak English as a native language it´s very annoying. Seriously.

[@mik3952]

May I suggest making an episode about timing in our way to other planets. For instance, you mentioned year 3000. Can you make an episode sounding like this: " by the year 2100 we will be doing this (or should), then by the year 2200 that and so on and so forth...what do you think?

[@jeffreyhueseman7061]

Mars Trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson touches these matters in the novels.

[@johnn1199]

Jeffrey Hueseman He got a bit weird about hypothetical Martian culture and he made the human brain into a magic quantum device but I enjoyed those books.

[@cottagebob2551]

I enjoyed the series as well.

[@slagondrayer447]

Great series! Sad to see this comment to far down.

[@diouranke]

I'm still reading this trilogy as we speak

[@tamasmihaly1]

Arthur. Your channel is the keenest. I'm not sure I'd find this level of detail as interesting if it weren't for your voice and presentation. Thank you. This is a social good you're doing.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Thank you Tamas!

[@vantablack6288]

what if mars has oil in it?

[@SargeRho]

Then it's going to need some freedom and democracy, and will be colonized in 5 seconds flat :P It'd also confirm that Mars was once rich in life.

[@Strideo1]

intotheflamesoficeandfire It wouldn't be economically beneficial for export. Besides if we want hydrocarbons from space we'd just go to Saturn's largest moon, Titan.

[@GeorgeVajagich]

intotheflamesoficeandfire titan has tons of oil like 100 what we have do we will bring freedoom and democracy to titan sometime in the future

[@sad0me213]

intotheflamesoficeandfire Humanity getting our hands on oil has been disastrous for earth and all its ecosystems

[@g.seangourlay2593]

Titan does not have oil, but liquid natural gas. Biomass creates oil from other sources of carbon. We have found methane on mars, but we're not sure where it's coming from or if it was a sensor error.

[@ericstorm4613]

Some day, the colonies will remember this channel as the founding channel.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Though I would guess as a "Wow, they thought we'd have jetpacks in 1980?!" kinda way :)