Islam and Its Origins ( from 610 AD. ) ولادة الإسلام Wiladat al'Iislam

Islam and Its Origins ( from 610 AD. ) ولادة الإسلام Wiladat al'Iislam
The advent of Islam marks a crucial turning point in the history of human civilizations. The historical and social context in which this monotheistic religion emerged, founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century, is essential for understanding its origins and its enduring impact on world history.
The birth of Islam occurred in the region of Arabia in the 7th century AD, a land characterized by nomadic tribes and commercial city-states. Before the advent of Islam, Arabia was permeated by a multiplicity of polytheistic beliefs, with a strong system of tribal clans often clashing for resources and territories.
Prophet Muhammad, born in Mecca in 570 AD, was the founder of Islam. His life is documented in the Quran and the Hadith (collections of sayings and actions of the Prophet). Muhammad spent his early years as a merchant and often retreated to meditation in the caves of the surrounding mountains. Around the age of 40, he declared receiving divine revelations, which became the central core of Islam.
Despite initial opposition from his polytheistic compatriots and the aristocrats of Mecca, Muhammad continued to preach the message of the unity of God (Tawhid) and morality. After a period of persecution, he migrated to Medina in 622 AD, an event known as the Hijra, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Medina, Muhammad established a Muslim community and became a political and spiritual leader.
Islamic conquests began under the Rashidun Caliphs (the "Rightly Guided Caliphs"), who succeeded Muhammad after his death in 632 AD. These caliphs led Muslim armies to conquer vast territories, including parts of the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire. The rapid spread of Islam was fueled by both the fervent faith of its followers and the political and social conditions of the surrounding territories.
Islam is not only a religion but also a rich and complex civilization and culture. Its legacy includes significant contributions in sciences, arts, philosophy, and literature. The golden age of Islam, known as the Islamic Golden Age, saw a flourishing of knowledge and progress in various fields, which deeply influenced both the Muslim world and the Western world.